CN106613705A - Old camellia oleifera forest transforming method - Google Patents
Old camellia oleifera forest transforming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613705A CN106613705A CN201611267719.7A CN201611267719A CN106613705A CN 106613705 A CN106613705 A CN 106613705A CN 201611267719 A CN201611267719 A CN 201611267719A CN 106613705 A CN106613705 A CN 106613705A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an old camellia oleifera forest transforming method and relates to the technical field of economic forest planting. The old camellia oleifera forest transforming method comprises the following steps of (I) selection of camellia oleifera forests to be transformed, (II) clearing of the camellia oleifera forests to be transformed, (III) improvement of forests to be planted including (1) preliminary improvement of the forests to be planted and (2) re-improvement of the forests to be planted, (IV) forests fertilization, (V) pruning including (1) branch pruning and (2) root pruning, (VI) complementary planting including (1) seedling selection, (2) hole digging and (3) transplanting, and (VII) management including (1) management of pruned camellia oleifera trees and (2) management of newly-planted camellia oleifera seedlings. The old camellia oleifera forest transforming method has the advantages of being simple in operation, low in cost and capable of rapidly restoring production, thereby being applicable to transformation of old and inferior camellia oleifera forests as well as low-yield camellia oleifera forests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic forest planting technology field, particularly a kind of remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam.
Background technology
Oil tea is the distinctive industrial crops of China, is also one of big woody oleiferous plants crop in the whole world four.At present, the oil of China
Tea woods is mostly the wildwood of nature growth, belongs to low production forest or old camellia oleifera lam, and its result is little, yield poorly, and oil yield is relatively low,
Cause the economic benefit of camellia oleifera lam poor.In the last few years, some low yield camellia oleifera lam retrofit works had been carried out in domestic various places.
Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201010118790.5) is disclosed, and " a kind of oil tea natural forests improved variety is transformed into
Set method ", including following two parts：First, multiple oil tea breeding cutting orchards are set up with aerial fog cultivation facility, using aerial fog cultivation side
The characteristics of oil tea branch continuously grows under method, takes turns and adopts in batches, continuously provides the scion of suitable degree of lignification；2nd, sprouted with low level
Bar engrafting method replaces traditional height to connect to change hat method, from the oil tea winter dormancy phase, to the month in next year 8-9 by stages, it is right in batches
Low yield camellia oleifera lam is carried out continuously low level cutting strunk and stays a 10-20cm, coppice shoot is formed in batches, then half-and-half lignified in batches
Coppice shoot grafting.
A kind of disclosed " the speed of low yield camellia oleifera lam transformation of another Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201310301565.9)
Effect cultivation technique ", the invention is mainly comforted and is combined into principle to plough, and is taken forest land cleaning, thick forest to sparsely fell, pruning, is deep-cut and cultivate
A series of integrated cultivation techniques such as multiple, sparse woods after-culture, the rational application of fertilizer are transformed low yield camellia oleifera lam, promote low yield camellia oleifera lam
Bloom more, many results, protect good fruit, increase substantially oil tea yield per unit area and quality.
An also Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201310301589.4) is disclosed, and " an a kind of high-survival rate high position changes hat
Application of the technology in the transformation of low yield oil tea ", mainly changes hat and low yield oil tea is undergone technological transformation by a high position, and grafting high yield is excellent
Matter oil tea new varieties, realize that kind of a target is changed in renewal, improve oil tea yield per unit area, improve product quality.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of easy to operate, cost is relatively low, can comparatively fast recover the old camellia oleifera lam of yield
Remodeling method.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention is taken are to invent a kind of remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam, its
Transformation process is as follows：
(i), transform camellia oleifera lam to select：
Select the age of tree more than 20 years, in 10-20 degree, camellia oleifera lam of the fresh pod yield less than 20kg/667 ㎡ is used as waiting to change for the gradient
Make camellia oleifera lam；
(ii), camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt is arranged：
By the withered tree in camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt, bearing-age tree, insect pest are not seriously set, rotted tree, fruiting rate of root is less than
20% or tea oil tree of the deadwood accounting more than 40% connect root and dig out, the plot vacated becomes treats kind of a forest land, remaining tea oil tree into
For tea oil tree to be arranged；
(iii) kind of a forest land improvement, is treated：
(1) change at the beginning of, treating kind of forest land：
To treat that more than 45cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, remove butt and the weeds of forest or shrub, and along contour direction, excavate
Wide 40-50cm, depth 50-60cm, the ditch of long 7-10m (run into when needing to be arranged tea oil tree during trench digging, retain the tea oil tree to be arranged
Do not dig), adjacent ditch spacing is 2-3.5m；Then, Chinese medicine slag is imposed on into bottom of trench, thickness is the 60-75% of ditch depth, and remaining space is used
Soil is filled up, and is irrigated with water, is kept naturally 3-5 month, is become just to change and is treated kind of a forest land；
(2), treat that kind of a forest land changes again：
To just change and treat that more than 40cm is ploughed deeply again in kind of forest land, and while ploughing deeply, soil conditioner is pressed into 18-40kg/
The ratio of ㎡ is applied in soil, and rake is thin, leveling；Then, in units of 667 ㎡, " ╋ " shape ditch, furrow width are excavated in the middle of every 667 ㎡
40-50cm, depth 50-60cm；Again mixed fertilizer is applied into bottom of trench, thickness is the 60-70% of ditch depth, and remaining space is filled up with soil,
And pour drenched with water, and keep naturally 3-5 month, become improvement forest land；
(iv), forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：
First in improvement forest land, phoxim solution of the concentration for 40-60ppm is spilt by the ratio uniform of 200-400ml/ ㎡
In entering soil, process 20-35 days；Then, decomposed dung is pressed into 80-120kg/667 ㎡, biological organic fertilizer by 20-35kg/667
㎡, farm manure apply successively Lin Tuzhong in the ratio of 100-150kg/667 ㎡, and every time fertilising interval 1-3 days, applies front loose 10-
18cm thick table soil, keeps 2-3 month naturally after having applied, and becomes forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer；
(v), pruning：
In early November to the middle ten days, treating arrangement tea oil tree carries out pruning：
(1), branch pruning：Branch first by fruiting rate on tea oil tree to be arranged less than 10% and have the branch of pest and disease damage with
And branch of the withered and yellow leaf more than 45% all cuts off, and the first round branch of tree bottom bifurcated is all cut off from bifurcated mouth；So
Afterwards, the germinator that concentration is 60-90ppm is spread at each sheared edge, then sheared edge is covered with nursery soil, thickness is 2-4cm,
Then again with plastic sheeting around a circle, nursery soil is encased, and is wrapped up with cord, spring releasing of waiting for the coming year；
(2), tree root is pruned：Tea oil tree to be arranged is dug downwards along butt portion again, exposes main root 20-44cm；Then, will set
The serious tree root of the rotten tree root in root and stem of certain plants bottom and insect pest all strikes off, and by diameter more than 5cm lateral root along root of hair mouth whole
Cut off；Then, ring cuts the 2-4 " V " shape in 20-35 ° of angle, depth for 3-8cm and cuts a mouthful face on main root, and cuts mouth at each
The root-growing agent that concentration is 120-200ppm is smeared on face, then cut sides are covered with nursery soil, thickness is 2-4cm, then uses modeling with holes
Material film bundling one is enclosed；Then, the fertile ditch of digging storage away from mouthful face 20-40cm is being cut from main root, depth is 10-15cm, width is 10-
First press 1 with by quick lime and rice-straw ash in 20cm, the bottom of the fertile ditch of storage:(3-4) the material filling that part by weight is mixed, fills out
It is 2-3.5cm to fill thickness, then fills up the fertile ditch of storage with filling fertilizer, is then filled to oil tea butt portion to be arranged with soil；
(vi), after-culture：
(1), seedling is selected：
In nursery, more than height of seedling 120cm, main root length is selected to be more than 35cm and having what new axillary bud grew then
Oil tea sapling, with nursery soil by nursery soil weight：Seedling weight=(10-15):1 ratio is dug out together, becomes oil tea to be transplanted
Sapling；
(2), cave is dug：
In forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer, kind of a plant hole is excavated according to the standard of general planting, depth is 1.5 times of standard cave；First planting
Plant hole bottom applies Chinese medicine slag, and thickness is the deep 10-15% in cave, is then covered by woods ground surface soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, and thickness is the deep 10- in cave
15%；Then with being inserted in cave by the material for waiting part by weight mixing by farm organic fertilizer and timbered soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, thickness is cave
Deep 10-15%, 15-20 days before after-culture, loose cave soil；
(3), transplant：Oil tea sapling to be transplanted is transplanted according to general planting standard, after transplanting, is planted plant hole nursery
Soil is filled up, and forms 5-10 ° of micro-ridge heap in root, becomes fresh oil tea seedling；
(vii), manage：
(1), tea oil tree management is repaired：
Next spring, the wrapping of the tea oil tree to be arranged of branch pruning is released, the tender shoots for retain more than 2, growing up,
Remaining tender shoots is cut；Meanwhile, fertilizer is changed to tea oil tree to be arranged, and root of hair situation is observed, the oil tea to be arranged of new root has been sent out
Tree becomes finishing tea oil tree, connects root without the tea oil tree to be arranged that new root grows and digs out, and after-culture in time；
When changing fertilizer, first the root in finishing tea oil tree presses 0.5-1kg/ application of organic fertilizers；After being spaced 15-20 days,
Again excavating the fertile ditch of annular storage from the root 30-40cm places of finishing tea oil tree, it is 15- that the depth of ditch is 15-30cm, width
30cm, and fill up the fertile ditch of storage with decomposed dung；
Other seasons, routinely Cultivate administration standard was managed；
To after October, the growing state of tea oil tree is observed, bearing-age tree and withered tree are connected root and dug out, and after-culture in time；
(2), fresh oil tea seedling management：
Next spring, first there is the fresh oil tea seedling that rotten and poor growth and leaf turn yellow to root in fresh oil tea seedling
Carry out for planting；Thereafter, the potash fertilizer that 0.2-0.45kg/, urea, concentration are 25-40% is applied respectively to the root of fresh oil tea seedling
Solution 120-200ml/；Interval is after 10-15 days, then applies Chinese medicine slag 10-15kg/；Meanwhile, in the ranks dig width 8-12cm,
The ditch of deep 8-16cm, it is thick to apply decomposed dung 10-15cm, then with soil covering；
In other seasons, water in time according to general planting management method；
After the growth of fresh oil tea seedling is stable, routinely implantation methods carry out forest management.
The Chinese medicine slag be by etc. the slag of the Echinacea of weight, mulberry leaf and tealeaves after effective ingredient extraction, then pass through
Mixed fermentation is formed；
Can also be prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
Its preparation process is as follows：First above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed, fineves more than 40 mesh is reprocessed into, then, input
In fermentation vat, while adding the water for accounting for above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 10-30%, stir evenly, add and account for above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 1-
2.5% microorganism species, mix, and are 28-40 DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 60-75%, process 15-30 days, i.e., in temperature
Into Chinese medicine slag.
The Echinacea slag, mulberry leaf slag, tealeaf residue, maize seedling slag, cuckoo leaf slag, leaf of bamboo slag, pumpkin leaf slag, purple perilla slag,
Wheat straw slag and red clover slag are Echinacea, mulberry leaf, tealeaves, maize seedling, cuckoo, the leaf of bamboo, cushaw leaf, purple perilla, wheat straw (the long wheat head
Front wheat straw) and red clover through effective ingredient extraction after slag.
The mixed fertilizer is the compound fertilizer of commercial type, or by farmyard manure：Rice-straw ash：Fertilizer according to
(2-4):(5-7):1 part by weight is mixed.
The soil improvement agent is by the fine sand mixing of zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, magnesium carbonate and the 2 times of weight portions for waiting weight portion
Form, or be prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
Its preparation process is as follows：
(1), woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are processed：Woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are deposited in into respectively the angle in moist cool place
Fall, process to there is sour taste to send, then be laid in dry ground and dry, then, woody sections more than 40 mesh is processed into respectively and is planted
Thing leaf fine powder and stalk fine powder；
(2), oil tea shell is processed：Oil tea shell powder oil tea shell being processed into more than 80 mesh；
(3), ferment：By woody section's leaves of plants fine powder, stalk fine powder, oil tea shell powder, pericarp, swill, zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate,
Magnesium carbonate, microorganism species are put into together in fermentation vat, are stirred evenly, sealing, in the environment of being 60-85% in 28-40 DEG C, humidity,
Process 15-25 days；Kaifeng, places 5-10 days naturally, becomes fermentation material；
(4), mix：Decomposed dung, ferrous sulfate, water-loss reducer, fine sand are put into together in fermentation material, is mixed, dried in the shade naturally
18% is less than to moisture, soil conditioner is obtained final product.
Woody section's leaves of plants is one kind or any weight in ginkgo leaf, rhododendron leaves, Leaf of Magnolia officinalis, Camellia Leaves
Various mixtures.
The stalk is that the one kind in cornstalk, kaoliang stalk, wheat straw, rape straw or the various of any weight mix
Compound.
The swill is the liquid after the fermented process of food and drink leftover residue of daily collection.
The pericarp is that the one kind in banana skin, mangrove bark, watermelon peel, pomelo peel or the various of any weight mix
Compound.
The fine sand is the grains of sand sieved by the eye mesh screens of river sand Jing 60.
The water-loss reducer is starch grafted acrylate crosslinking copolymerization thing.
Described microorganism species are to include one or more in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus acidi lactici mixed
Compound, when for it is two or more when, weight portion or other ratios such as the ratio of each component is.
The germinator be commercially available tea tree germinator, or by hydrogen peroxide, gibberellin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate by 0.2:
(1-3):1 part by weight is mixed.
The filling fertilizer is to be mixed with 3 parts of woods ground surface soils by 1 part of commercially available compound fertilizer, or miscellaneous by soil
Fertilizer, decomposed dung, fertilizer press 1:(1-3)：(0.3-1) part by weight is mixed.
The farmyard manure is that, with the fertilizer of institute's rettings such as Za Cao ﹑ La Ji ﹑ dirt, it mainly includes various clay fertilizers, sludge, grain
Slag fertilizer, bone meal, plant ash, butcher field waste and municipal refuse etc..
The fertilizer is commercially available fertilizer.
The root-growing agent is heteroauxin or Nafusaku or ABT biological bacteria root-inducing powders.
The remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam of the invention, adopts and cuts down except old residual tree, finishing are strengthened tree, improvement timbered soil, mended always
The measures such as new sapling, optimization rich water quality management are planted, thus, it is possible to the yield of the very fast old camellia oleifera lam for recovering transformation；Simultaneously as its
Technical process is relatively easy, therefore its is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low.
According to the remodeling method of the old camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, once old camellia oleifera lam had been carried out in Yongzhou City, Hubei Province Lingling District
Transformation contrast test, following table is experimental control data：
Reforming test contrasting data table
(note：Reforming test camellia oleifera lam in upper table compares the on the spot bar of camellia oleifera lam A and transformation control camellia oleifera lam B with transformation
Part, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. are substantially close to seedling is of the same age, same kind；Reforming test camellia oleifera lam is using the present invention
Old camellia oleifera lam remodeling method；Transformation control camellia oleifera lam A adopts conventional remodeling method, i.e.,：Cut down inferior tree, after-culture newly to set
Seedling；Transformation control camellia oleifera lam B cuts down the method for planting new sapling except veteran, again using whole).
Improved 2-5 is can be seen that from upper table data, reforming test camellia oleifera lam is compared to transformation control camellia oleifera lam
A and transformation control camellia oleifera lam B, the average product of its fresh fried flour fruit is higher by respectively 2.6,28.5,18.7,28.0 and 20.9,10.5,
5.5th, 8.7 percentage points.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated.Description below be in the way of enumerating, but this
Bright protection domain is not limited thereto.
The remodeling method of the old camellia oleifera lam of the present embodiment, its transformation process is as follows：
(i), prepared by auxiliary material：
(1), prepared by Chinese medicine slag：
8 parts of Echinacea slag, 18 parts of mulberry leaf slag after effective ingredient of learning from else's experience respectively by weight extraction, 8 parts of tealeaf residue, jade
8 parts of rice seedling slag, 12 parts of cuckoo leaf slag, 8 parts of leaf of bamboo slag, 6 parts of pumpkin leaf slag, 6 parts of purple perilla slag, 18 parts of wheat straw slag, red clover slag 5
Part, it is standby；
Its preparation process is as follows：First above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed, fineves more than 40 mesh is reprocessed into, then, input
In fermentation vat, while add accounting for the water of above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 20%, stir evenly, add and account for above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 2%, by solid
Nitrogen bacterium, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus acidi lactici by etc. weight portion mixing microorganism species, mix, temperature be 35 DEG C, it is relative
Under conditions of humidity 70%, process 22 days, Chinese medicine slag.
(2), prepared by mixed fertilizer：
Fetch earth respectively by weight 3 parts of miscellaneous fertilizers, 6 parts of rice-straw ash, 1 part of fertilizer, is well mixed, form mixed fertilizer
Material.
(3), prepared by soil improvement agent：
30 parts of woody section's leaves of plants, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 18 parts of stalk, microorganism species are taken respectively by weight (by fixed nitrogen
Bacterium, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus acidi lactici by etc. weight portion mix) 0.8 part, 0.35 part of calcium phosphate, 12 parts of swill, become thoroughly decomposed
20 parts of barnyard manure, 0.6 part of magnesium carbonate, 8 parts of pericarp, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 7 parts of oil tea shell, 5 parts of fine sand, 3 parts of water-loss reducer, it is standby；
Its preparation process is as follows：
1., woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are processed：Woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are deposited in into respectively the angle in moist cool place
Fall, process to there is sour taste to send, then be laid in dry ground and dry, then, woody sections more than 40 mesh is processed into respectively and is planted
Thing leaf fine powder and stalk fine powder；
2., oil tea shell is processed：Oil tea shell powder oil tea shell being processed into more than 80 mesh；
3., ferment：By woody section's leaves of plants fine powder, stalk fine powder, oil tea shell powder, pericarp, swill, zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate,
Magnesium carbonate, microorganism species are put into together in fermentation vat, are stirred evenly, sealing, in the environment of 35 DEG C, humidity are for 75%, process 20
My god；Kaifeng, places 8 days naturally, becomes fermentation material；
4., mix：Decomposed dung, ferrous sulfate, water-loss reducer, fine sand are put into together in fermentation material, is mixed, dried in the shade naturally
18% is less than to moisture, soil conditioner is obtained final product.
(4), prepared by germinator：
Take hydrogen peroxidase 10 .2 parts, 2 parts of gibberellin, 1 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate respectively by weight, be well mixed, germinator.
(5), fill fertilizer to prepare：
Fetch earth respectively by weight 1 part of miscellaneous fertilizers, 2 parts of decomposed dung, 0.5 part of fertilizer, is well mixed, filling fertilizer
Material.
(ii), transform camellia oleifera lam to select：
Select the age of tree more than 20 years, in 10-20 degree, camellia oleifera lam of the fresh pod yield less than 20kg/667 ㎡ is used as waiting to change for the gradient
Make camellia oleifera lam；
(iii), camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt is arranged：
By the withered tree in camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt, bearing-age tree, insect pest are not seriously set, rotted tree, fruiting rate of root is less than
20% or tea oil tree of the deadwood accounting more than 40% connect root and dig out, the plot vacated becomes treats kind of a forest land, remaining tea oil tree into
For tea oil tree to be arranged；
(iv) kind of a forest land improvement, is treated：
(1) change at the beginning of, treating kind of forest land：
To treat that more than 45cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, remove butt and the weeds of forest or shrub, and along contour direction, excavate
Wide 45cm, depth 55cm, the ditch of long 8m, adjacent ditch spacing is 2.5m；Then, Chinese medicine slag is imposed on into bottom of trench, thickness is ditch depth
65%, remaining space is filled up with soil, and is irrigated with water, is kept for 4 months naturally, becomes just to change and treats kind of a forest land；
(2), treat that kind of a forest land changes again：
To just change and treat that more than 40cm is ploughed deeply again in kind of forest land, and while ploughing deeply, soil conditioner is pressed into 30kg/ ㎡'s
Ratio is applied in soil, and rake is thin, leveling；Then, in units of 667 ㎡, excavation " ╋ " shape ditch in the middle of every 667 ㎡, furrow width 45cm,
Deep 55cm；Mixed fertilizer is applied in ditch again, thickness is the 65% of ditch depth, and remaining space is filled up with soil, and pours drenched with water, from
So kept for 4 months, become improvement forest land；
(v), forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：
First in improvement forest land, phoxim solution of the concentration for 50ppm is spilled into into soil by the ratio uniform of 300ml/ ㎡
In, process 28 days；Then, decomposed dung is pressed by 100kg/667 ㎡, biological organic fertilizer by 28kg/667 ㎡, farm manure
The ratio of 120kg/667 ㎡ applies successively Lin Tuzhong, and apply fertilizer is spaced 2 days every time, applies the thick table soil of front loose 15cm, after having applied certainly
So kept for 2.5 months, become forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer；
(vi), pruning：
In early November to the middle ten days, treating arrangement tea oil tree carries out pruning：
(1), branch pruning：Branch first by fruiting rate on tea oil tree to be arranged less than 10% and have the branch of pest and disease damage with
And branch of the withered and yellow leaf more than 45% all cuts off, and the first round branch of tree bottom bifurcated is all cut off from bifurcated mouth；So
Afterwards, the germinator that concentration is 75ppm is spread at each sheared edge, then sheared edge is covered with nursery soil, thickness is 3cm, then
Again nursery soil is encased around a circle with plastic sheeting, and wrapped up with cord, spring releasing of waiting for the coming year；
(2), tree root is pruned：Tea oil tree to be arranged is dug downwards along butt portion again, exposes main root 30cm；Then, by under butt
The serious tree root of the rotten tree root in portion and insect pest all strikes off, and the lateral root by diameter in more than 5cm all cuts off along root of hair mouth；
Then, ring cuts 3 " V " shapes in 30 ° of angles, depth for 5cm and cuts a mouthful face on main root, and cuts at each and smear concentration on mouthful face
For the root-growing agent (ABT biological bacteria root-inducing powders) of 160ppm, then cut sides are covered with nursery soil, thickness is 3cm, then uses perforated plastic
Film bundling one is enclosed；Then, the fertile ditch of digging storage away from mouthful face 30cm is being cut from main root, depth is 12cm, width is 15cm, stores up fertile ditch
First press 1 with by quick lime and rice-straw ash in bottom:The material filling that 3 part by weight is mixed, filling thickness is 3cm, then is used
Filling fertilizer fills up the fertile ditch of storage, is then filled to oil tea butt portion to be arranged with soil；
(vi), after-culture：
(1), seedling is selected：
In nursery, more than height of seedling 120cm, main root length is selected to be more than 35cm and having what new axillary bud grew then
Oil tea sapling, with nursery soil by nursery soil weight：Seedling weight=12:1 ratio is dug out together, becomes oil tea sapling to be transplanted；
(2), cave is dug：
In forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer, kind of a plant hole is excavated according to the standard of general planting, depth is 1.5 times of standard cave；First planting
Plant hole bottom applies Chinese medicine slag, and thickness is deep 12% in cave, is then covered by woods ground surface soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, and thickness is deep 12% in cave；So
Afterwards with being inserted in cave by the material for waiting part by weight mixing by farm organic fertilizer and timbered soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, thickness is that cave is deep
12%, 18 days before after-culture, loose cave soil；
(3), transplant：Oil tea sapling to be transplanted is transplanted according to general planting standard, after transplanting, is planted plant hole nursery
Soil is filled up, and forms 8 ° of micro-ridge heap in root, becomes fresh oil tea seedling；
(vii), manage：
(1), tea oil tree management is repaired：
Next spring, the wrapping of the tea oil tree to be arranged of branch pruning is released, the tender shoots for retain more than 2, growing up,
Remaining tender shoots is cut；Meanwhile, fertilizer is changed to tea oil tree to be arranged, and root of hair situation is observed, the oil tea to be arranged of new root has been sent out
Tree becomes finishing tea oil tree, connects root without the tea oil tree to be arranged that new root grows and digs out, and after-culture in time；
When changing fertilizer, first the root in finishing tea oil tree presses 0.8kg/ application of organic fertilizers；Interval 18 days after, then from
The fertile ditch of annular storage is excavated at the root 35cm places of finishing tea oil tree, and the depth of ditch is that 25cm, width are 25cm, and are filled out with decomposed dung
Full storage fertilizer ditch；
Other seasons, routinely Cultivate administration standard was managed；
To after October, the growing state of tea oil tree is observed, bearing-age tree and withered tree are connected root and dug out, and after-culture in time；
(2), fresh oil tea seedling management：
Next spring, first there is the fresh oil tea seedling that rotten and poor growth and leaf turn yellow to root in fresh oil tea seedling
Carry out for planting；Thereafter, the potash fertilizer solution that 0.35kg/, urea, concentration are 35% is applied respectively to the root of fresh oil tea seedling
160ml/；Interval is after 12 days, then applies Chinese medicine slag 12kg/, meanwhile, in the ditch in the ranks digging width 10cm, depth 12cm, apply corruption
Ripe barnyard manure 12cm is thick, then is covered with soil；
In other seasons, water in time according to general planting management method；
After the growth of fresh oil tea seedling is stable, routinely implantation methods carry out forest management.
After 3-4, i.e., into the best fruiting period.
The remodeling method of the old camellia oleifera lam of the present invention, had both been suitable for old, residual camellia oleifera lam transformation, also is adapted for low yield camellia oleifera lam and changes
Make.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam, it is characterised in that transformation process is as follows：
(i), transform camellia oleifera lam to select：
Select the age of tree more than 20 years, in 10-20 degree, camellia oleifera lam of the fresh pod yield less than 20kg/667 ㎡ is used as oil to be rebuilt for the gradient
Tea woods；
(ii), camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt is arranged：
By the withered tree in camellia oleifera lam to be rebuilt, not bearing-age tree, insect pest seriously set, root rotted tree, fruiting rate less than 20% or
Tea oil tree of the deadwood accounting more than 40% connects root and digs out, and the plot vacated becomes treats kind of a forest land, and remaining tea oil tree becomes treats whole
Reason tea oil tree；
(iii) kind of a forest land improvement, is treated：
(1) change at the beginning of, treating kind of forest land：
To treat that more than 45cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, remove butt and the weeds of forest or shrub, and along contour direction, excavate wide
40-50cm, depth 50-60cm, the ditch of long 7-10m, adjacent ditch spacing is 2-3.5m；Then, Chinese medicine slag is imposed on into bottom of trench, thickness is
The 60-75% of ditch depth, remaining space is filled up with soil, and is irrigated with water, keeps naturally 3-5 month, becomes just to change and treats kind of a forest land；
(2), treat that kind of a forest land changes again：
To just change and treat that more than 40cm is ploughed deeply again in kind of forest land, and while ploughing deeply, soil conditioner is pressed into 18-40kg/ ㎡'s
Ratio is applied in soil, and rake is thin, leveling；Then, in units of 667 ㎡, excavate in the middle of every 667 ㎡Shape ditch, furrow width 40-
50cm, depth 50-60cm；Again mixed fertilizer is applied into bottom of trench, thickness is the 60-70% of ditch depth, and remaining space is filled up with soil, is used in combination
Water pours drenched, keeps naturally 3-5 month, becomes improvement forest land；
(iv), forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：
First in improvement forest land, phoxim solution of the concentration for 40-60ppm is spilled into into soil by the ratio uniform of 200-400ml/ ㎡
In earth, process 20-35 days；Then, decomposed dung is pressed into 80-120kg/667 ㎡, biological organic fertilizer by 20-35kg/667 ㎡, agriculture
Family's fertilizer applies successively Lin Tuzhong in the ratio of 100-150kg/667 ㎡, and every time fertilising interval 1-3 days, applies front loose 10-18cm thick
Table soil, keep 2-3 naturally individual month after having applied, become forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer；
(v), pruning：
In early November to the middle ten days, treating arrangement tea oil tree carries out pruning：
(1), branch pruning：Branch first by fruiting rate on tea oil tree to be arranged less than 10% and there is the branch of pest and disease damage and withered
Branch of the yellow leaf more than 45% all cuts off, and the first round branch of tree bottom bifurcated is all cut off from bifurcated mouth；Then, exist
The germinator that concentration is 60-90ppm is spread at each sheared edge, then sheared edge is covered with nursery soil, thickness is 2-4cm, then
Again nursery soil is encased around a circle with plastic sheeting, and wrapped up with cord, spring releasing of waiting for the coming year；
(2), tree root is pruned：Tea oil tree to be arranged is dug downwards along butt portion again, exposes main root 20-44cm；Then, by under butt
The serious tree root of the rotten tree root in portion and insect pest all strikes off, and the lateral root by diameter in more than 5cm all cuts off along root of hair mouth；
Then, ring cuts the 2-4 " V " shape in 20-35 ° of angle, depth for 3-8cm and cuts a mouthful face on main root, and cuts on mouthful face at each
The root-growing agent that concentration is 120-200ppm is smeared, then cut sides are covered with nursery soil, thickness is 2-4cm, then thin with perforated plastic
Film wrapping one is enclosed；Then, the fertile ditch of digging storage away from mouthful face 20-40cm is being cut from main root, depth is 10-15cm, width is 10-20cm,
First press 1 with by quick lime and rice-straw ash in the bottom of the fertile ditch of storage:(3-4) the material filling that part by weight is mixed, filling is thick
Spend for 2-3.5cm, then the fertile ditch of storage is filled up with filling fertilizer, be then filled to oil tea butt portion to be arranged with soil；
(vi), after-culture：
(1), seedling is selected：
In nursery, more than height of seedling 120cm, main root length is selected to be more than 35cm and in the oil tea for having new axillary bud to grow then
Sapling, with nursery soil by nursery soil weight：Seedling weight=(10-15):1 ratio is dug out together, becomes oil tea sapling to be transplanted；
(2), cave is dug：
In forest land of fostering and apply fertilizer, kind of a plant hole is excavated according to the standard of general planting, depth is 1.5 times of standard cave；First in kind of a plant hole
Bottom applies Chinese medicine slag, and thickness is the deep 10-15% in cave, is then covered by woods ground surface soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, and thickness is the deep 10-15% in cave；
Then with being inserted in cave by the material for waiting part by weight mixing by farm organic fertilizer and timbered soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, thickness is that cave is deep
10-15%, 15-20 days before after-culture, loose cave soil；
(3), transplant：Oil tea sapling to be transplanted is transplanted according to general planting standard, after transplanting, is planted plant hole nursery soil and is filled out
It is full, and 5-10 ° of micro-ridge heap is formed in root, become fresh oil tea seedling；
(vii), manage：
(1), tea oil tree management is repaired：
Next spring, the wrapping of the tea oil tree to be arranged of branch pruning is released, the tender shoots for retain more than 2, growing up, remaining
Tender shoots is cut；Meanwhile, change fertilizer to tea oil tree to be arranged, and observe root of hair situation, sent out the tea oil tree to be arranged of new root into
To repair tea oil tree, connect root without the tea oil tree to be arranged that new root grows and dig out, and after-culture in time；
When changing fertilizer, first the root in finishing tea oil tree presses 0.5-1kg/ application of organic fertilizers；After being spaced 15-20 days, then
The fertile ditch of annular storage is excavated from the root 30-40cm places of finishing tea oil tree, it is 15-30cm that the depth of ditch is 15-30cm, width, and
The fertile ditch of storage is filled up with decomposed dung；
Other seasons, routinely Cultivate administration standard was managed；
To after October, the growing state of tea oil tree is observed, bearing-age tree and withered tree are connected root and dug out, and after-culture in time；
(2), fresh oil tea seedling management：
Next spring, first there is the fresh oil tea seedling that rotten and poor growth and leaf turn yellow to carry out to root in fresh oil tea seedling
For cultivation；Thereafter, the potash fertilizer solution that 0.2-0.45kg/, urea, concentration are 25-40% is applied respectively to the root of fresh oil tea seedling
120-200ml/；Interval is after 10-15 days, then applies Chinese medicine slag 10-15kg/；Meanwhile, width 8-12cm, depth 8- are dug in the ranks
The ditch of 16cm, it is thick to apply decomposed dung 10-15cm, then with soil covering；
In other seasons, water in time according to general planting management method；
After the growth of fresh oil tea seedling is stable, routinely implantation methods carry out forest management.
2. the remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Chinese medicine slag is by following weight portion
Raw material be prepared from：
Echinacea slag 6-10 mulberry leaf slag 15-20 tealeaf residue 5-10
Maize seedling slag 6-10 cuckoo leaf slag 10-15 leaf of bamboo slag 5-10
Pumpkin leaf slag 5-8 purple perilla slag 4-8 wheat straw slag 15-20
Red clover slag 4-7；
Its preparation process is as follows：First above-mentioned raw materials are well mixed, fineves more than 40 mesh is reprocessed into, then, input fermentation
Chi Zhong, while adding the water for accounting for above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 10-30%, stirs evenly, and adds and accounts for above-mentioned raw materials gross weight 1-2.5%
Microorganism species, mix, and are 28-40 DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 60-75%, process 15-30 days in temperature, Chinese medicine
Slag.
3. the remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mixed fertilizer is by farmyard manure：
Rice-straw ash：Fertilizer is according to (2-4):(5-7):1 part by weight is mixed.
4. the remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil improvement agent is by following heavy
The raw material of amount part is prepared from：
Its preparation process is as follows：
(1), woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are processed：Woody section's leaves of plants and stalk are deposited in into respectively the corner in moist cool place, place
Manage to there is sour taste to send, then be laid in dry ground and dry, then, the woody section's leaves of plants being processed into respectively more than 40 mesh is thin
Powder and stalk fine powder；
(2), oil tea shell is processed：Oil tea shell powder oil tea shell being processed into more than 80 mesh；
(3), ferment：By woody section's leaves of plants fine powder, stalk fine powder, oil tea shell powder, pericarp, swill, zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate, carbonic acid
Magnesium, microorganism species are put into together in fermentation vat, are stirred evenly, sealing, in the environment of being 60-85% in 28-40 DEG C, humidity, are processed
15-25 days；Kaifeng, places 5-10 days naturally, becomes fermentation material；
(4), mix：Decomposed dung, ferrous sulfate, water-loss reducer, fine sand are put into together in fermentation material, is mixed, dried in the shade naturally to water
Divide and be less than 18%, obtain final product soil conditioner.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 old camellia oleifera lam remodeling method, it is characterised in that described microorganism species are
Including the mixture of one or more in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus acidi lactici, when for it is two or more when, each component
Proportioning to wait weight portion or other ratios.
6. the remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the germinator be by hydrogen peroxide,
Gibberellin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate press 0.2:(1-3):1 part by weight is mixed.
7. the remodeling method of old camellia oleifera lam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the filling fertilizer be by farmyard manure,
Decomposed dung, fertilizer press 1:(1-3)：(0.3-1) part by weight is mixed.
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| CN107593243A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
| CN107889640A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of rescue method that aging oil * tree vigo(u)rs recover |
| CN108276210A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-07-13 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of tea oil tree special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110981591A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 海南科大林业有限公司 | Special growth-promoting fertilizer for oil tea, and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN113079923A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 唐昌贻 | Low-yield oil tea forest updating and reforming method |
| CN113229018A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-10 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Method for improving yield and quality of tea fruits based on adjustment of shading degree |
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| CN108276210A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-07-13 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of tea oil tree special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107593243A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县纯野生态茶油有限责任公司 | Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
| CN107889640A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of rescue method that aging oil * tree vigo(u)rs recover |
| CN109566234A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | A kind of ilex verticillata cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN110981591A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 海南科大林业有限公司 | Special growth-promoting fertilizer for oil tea, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN113767799A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-12-10 | 溆浦县峰源农林开发有限公司 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
| CN112457101A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Flower and fruit protection type special fertilizer for oil tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN113079923A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 唐昌贻 | Low-yield oil tea forest updating and reforming method |
| CN113229018A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-10 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Method for improving yield and quality of tea fruits based on adjustment of shading degree |
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Effective date of registration: 20230117 Address after: Room 704, Building 17, Meiyu Apartment, No. 398, Xinyao North Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410000 Patentee after: Hunan Yougu Hi Tech Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410199 No. 477, Building 46, Xingsha Huibu Community, Changsha County, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee before: Guan Tianqiu |