CN113767799A - Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest - Google Patents
Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113767799A CN113767799A CN202011138971.4A CN202011138971A CN113767799A CN 113767799 A CN113767799 A CN 113767799A CN 202011138971 A CN202011138971 A CN 202011138971A CN 113767799 A CN113767799 A CN 113767799A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stump
- fertilizer
- yield
- oil
- tea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for transforming a low-yield forest of oil-tea camellia, which comprises the following steps: cutting the stem, namely cutting the stem close to the ground; adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.5m-1.8 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3m-3.6 m; root cutting and rejuvenation; cultivating the stump and strengthening the seedling; fertilizing; pruning and shaping. According to the method, the camellia oleifera trees can be dwarfed by means of cutting trunks on the ground, so that the consumption of nutrient substances by the tall trees is reduced, and the yield is improved; the density of the camellia oleifera in the previous decade is set to 200-300 plants per mu, and the yield can be further improved through reasonable close planting; the growth of capillary roots is promoted by means of root cutting and rejuvenation so as to enhance the absorption capacity and efficiency of plants to fertilizers and further improve the yield; the fermented organic base fertilizer, the various water-soluble fertilizers and the foliar fertilizers are applied to the plants to provide microbial floras and various trace elements for the plants, so that the quality of the camellia oleifera is guaranteed, and the yield can be further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera forest cultivation, in particular to a method for transforming a camellia oleifera low-yield forest.
Background
Camellia oleifera is a plant of the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae. The oil extracted from the seeds is called tea oil. Tea oil is combined with palm oil, olive oil and coconut oil and is called four major woody edible oils in the world. The content of unsaturated fatty acid of the tea oil is up to 90 percent and is far higher than that of rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil, compared with olive oil, the content of vitamin E is twice as high, and the tea oil contains specific physiologically active substances such as camellin and the like, and has extremely high nutritional value, so the tea oil has extremely high development value.
The camellia oleifera is a special economic forest tree species in China and also is the most important edible oil tree species in south China, and has a cultivation history of more than two thousand years. At present, the area of the camellia oleifera forest in China reaches 5000 ten thousand mu. However, currently, only 5 kilograms of oil are produced per mu per year.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for transforming a low-yield tea-oil tree forest, and aims to solve the problem of low yield of the existing tea-oil tree forest.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for improving the low-yield tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
cutting off the stem, namely cutting off the stem of the camellia oleifera by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 1-5cm away from the ground in the late 1 month, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem;
adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.5m-1.8 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3m-3.6 m;
cutting off roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 45-55cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 45cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, and turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil;
cultivating the stump and supporting seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 18-22cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, cultivating soil and covering the stump;
fertilizing, namely applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the stumps for multiple times by adopting a furrow application method in the previous 3 years; from 3 years, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting furrow application in the last 11-12 months of each year, and spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice from 4 th month to 5 th month in 4 th month of the year;
pruning and shaping, wherein from the 3 rd year, all migrating long branches at the top and the periphery of the tree body are pruned, the height of the tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.2 m, the crown width is controlled to be 1.8-2.2m, the branches in the crown width are pruned, and the branches at the lower edges are pruned, wherein when a plurality of trees are pruned, after one tree is pruned, a pruning tool needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, and then the other tree is pruned.
Preferably, in the step of rejuvenating the broken roots, a bucket with a bucket width of 28-32cm, no claw teeth and a front end structure capable of being used for the broken roots is adopted.
Preferably, in the step of rejuvenating the severed roots, the organic base fertilizer is fermented by EM bacteria.
Preferably, in the step of fertilizing, the foliar fertilizer comprises diluted magnesium and potassium phosphite which respectively contain a plurality of trace elements.
Preferably, in the step of applying fertilizer, the high nitrogen type water soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once before 6 months in the first year, and the high nitrogen type water soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once in 3 months in the second year and 6 months in the second year respectively.
Preferably, in the fertilizing step, the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, and the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE.
Preferably, in the step of fertilizing, when the stump is fertilized by adopting furrow application, furrowing is carried out at a position 45-55cm away from the stump.
Preferably, in the step of fertilizing, 155g of water-soluble fertilizer with the mass of 145-155g is applied to each stump at a time.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. by means of cutting the stems on the ground, the camellia oleifera trees can be dwarfed, the consumption of nutrient substances by the tall trees is reduced, and the yield is improved; the density of the camellia oleifera in the previous decade is set to 200-300 plants per mu, and the yield can be further improved through reasonable close planting; the growth of capillary roots is promoted by means of root cutting and rejuvenation so as to enhance the absorption capacity and efficiency of plants to fertilizers and further improve the yield; the fermented organic base fertilizer, the various water-soluble fertilizers and the foliar fertilizers are applied to the plants to provide microbial floras and various trace elements for the plants, so that the quality of the camellia oleifera is guaranteed, and the yield can be further improved.
2. The excavator bucket of the excavator is utilized to realize the operations of root breaking, fertilization, reclamation and the like of plants, manual operation in the traditional technology is replaced, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the labor cost is also reduced.
3. The method of cultivating the stump and strengthening the seedlings saves the cost of removing sprouts and tying up the seedlings, and further reduces the cultivation cost of the camellia oleifera forest.
4. Through the ground-attached stem cutting means, the camellia oleifera tree body can be dwarfed, so that workers do not need to climb trees to pick fruits, the manual fruit picking cost is saved, and the working difficulty of the workers is reduced.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method for transforming the low-yield tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
step S10: cutting off the stem of the camellia in late 1 month by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 1-5cm away from the ground, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem.
Step S20: adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the stumps of the oil tea trees is adjusted to be 1.5-1.8 m, namely the quantity of the stumps per mu is 200-300 plants; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the stumps of the camellia oleifera is adjusted to be 3m-3.6m, namely the quantity of the stumps per mu is 50-75.
Step S30: and (3) cutting roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 45-55cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 45cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil, and applying the organic base fertilizer with the mass of 1-1.5 t to the soil per mu. Wherein, the bucket with 28-32cm width, no claw teeth and sharp front end structure is adopted, so that the bucket can be used for root breaking; in addition, the organic base fertilizer is fully fermented by EM bacteria, so that the phenomenon that the organic fertilizer can cause fertilizer damage to soil is avoided, and microbial floras required for decomposing various mineral substances in the soil can be provided for soil inoculation.
Step S40: and (4) cultivating the stump and supporting seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 18-22cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, cultivating soil and covering the stump. The hilling and stump covering can not only prevent the sprouts from continuously growing in large quantities, but also prevent the tender shoots from being broken by strong wind.
Step S50: and (3) applying fertilizer, wherein the tea-oil tree stump is in a vegetative growth stage in the previous 3 years, and in order to accelerate the growth of the tree body, applying high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer to the tree stump for multiple times by adopting furrow application. Specifically, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once before 6 months of the first year, and is applied to the stump once in 3 months of the second year and 6 months of the second year respectively, wherein the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE. From 3 years, in 11 th to 12 th late months every year, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to roots by adopting furrow application once, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 12-16 days apart from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises diluted magnesium and potassium phosphite, the diluted magnesium contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention can be realized, and various diseases such as anthracnose and the like can be prevented and treated; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; from 4 years to 4 months to 5 months in each year, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time and the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time are separated by 12-16 days, the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises magnesium and potassium phosphite in diluted application, the magnesium in diluted application contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention and the anthracnose and other various diseases can be prevented and treated. Specifically, when the root of the tree is fertilized by adopting furrow application, furrowing is carried out at a position 45-55cm away from the root of the tree. Specifically, 155g of water-soluble fertilizer with a mass of 145-155g was applied to each stump at a time.
Step S60: and (4) pruning and shaping, wherein the pruning and shaping are performed once in winter every year from the 3 rd year. Cutting off all migrating long branches at the top and periphery of the tree body to control the tree height to be 2.5-3.2 m and the crown width to be 1.8-2.2m, so as to facilitate the operations of fruit picking, fertilizer application, pruning and the like; trimming the canopy width inner branch, which is beneficial to the sunlight absorption of the blades, thereby improving the yield; cutting off the lower branches to reduce the nutrient consumption and further improve the yield; when a plurality of trees are pruned, after each tree is pruned, a pruning tool, such as scissors, needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, such as 84 disinfectant, and then another tree is pruned, so as to avoid the propagation of plant pathogens among the trees.
By means of cutting the stems on the ground, the camellia oleifera trees can be dwarfed, the consumption of nutrient substances by the tall trees is reduced, and the yield is improved; the density of the camellia oleifera in the previous decade is set to 200-300 plants per mu, and the yield can be further improved through reasonable close planting; the growth of capillary roots is promoted by means of root cutting and rejuvenation so as to enhance the absorption capacity and efficiency of plants to fertilizers and further improve the yield; the fermented organic base fertilizer, the various water-soluble fertilizers and the foliar fertilizers are applied to the plants to provide microbial floras and various trace elements for the plants, so that the quality of the camellia oleifera is guaranteed, and the yield can be further improved.
The low-yield camellia oleifera forest provided by the invention starts from the fourth year after planting, and the result experimental data are as follows:
| year of year | In the fourth year | In the fifth year | In the sixth year | In the seventh year | In the eighth year |
| Oil yield per mu/kg | 30 | 40 | 55 | 75 | 100 |
Example one
The method for transforming the low-yield tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
step S10: cutting off the stem, namely cutting off the stem of the camellia oleifera by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 2cm away from the ground in late 1 month, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem.
Step S20: adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.6 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3.2 m.
Step S30: and (3) cutting roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 46cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 45cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil, and applying the organic base fertilizer with the mass of 1.1t to the soil per mu. Wherein, the bucket which has the bucket width of 29cm, no claw teeth and sharp front end structure and can be used for root breaking is adopted; in addition, the organic base fertilizer is fully fermented by EM bacteria, so that the phenomenon that the organic fertilizer can cause fertilizer damage to soil is avoided, and microbial floras required for decomposing various mineral substances in the soil can be provided for soil inoculation.
Step S40: and (4) cultivating the stump and strengthening the seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 19cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, the stump is cultivated and covered. The hilling and stump covering can not only prevent the sprouts from continuously growing in large quantities, but also prevent the tender shoots from being broken by strong wind.
Step S50: and (3) applying fertilizer, wherein the tea-oil tree stump is in a vegetative growth stage in the previous 3 years, and in order to accelerate the growth of the tree body, applying high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer to the tree stump for multiple times by adopting furrow application. Specifically, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once before 6 months of the first year, and is applied to the stump once in 3 months of the second year and 6 months of the second year respectively, wherein the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE. From 3 years, in 11 th to 12 th late months every year, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to roots by adopting furrow application once, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 13 days away from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises diluted magnesium and potassium phosphite, the diluted magnesium contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention can be realized, and various diseases such as anthracnose and the like can be prevented and treated; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; from 4 years to 4 months to 5 months in each year, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time and the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time are separated by 12-16 days, the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises magnesium and potassium phosphite in diluted application, the magnesium in diluted application contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention and the anthracnose and other various diseases can be prevented and treated. Specifically, when the root of the tree is fertilized by adopting the furrow application method, furrowing is carried out at a position 46cm away from the root of the tree. Specifically, a water-soluble fertilizer having a mass of 146g was applied to each stump at a time.
Step S60: and (4) pruning and shaping, wherein the pruning and shaping are performed once in winter every year from the 3 rd year. Cutting off all migrating long branches at the top and the periphery of the tree body to control the tree height to be 2.6m and the crown width to be 1.9m so as to facilitate the operations of fruit picking, fertilizer application, trimming and the like; trimming the canopy width inner branch, which is beneficial to the sunlight absorption of the blades, thereby improving the yield; cutting off the lower branches to reduce the nutrient consumption and further improve the yield; when a plurality of trees are pruned, after each tree is pruned, a pruning tool, such as scissors, needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, such as 84 disinfectant, and then another tree is pruned, so as to avoid the propagation of plant pathogens among the trees.
Example two
The method for transforming the low-yield tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
step S10: cutting off the stem, namely cutting off the stem of the camellia oleifera by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 2cm away from the ground in late 1 month, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem.
Step S20: adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.65 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3.3 m.
Step S30: and (3) cutting roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 48cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 48cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil, and applying the organic base fertilizer with the mass of 1.25t to the soil per mu. Wherein, the bucket with the bucket width of 30cm, no claw teeth and sharp front end structure is adopted, so that the bucket can be used for root breaking; in addition, the organic base fertilizer is fully fermented by EM bacteria, so that the phenomenon that the organic fertilizer can cause fertilizer damage to soil is avoided, and microbial floras required for decomposing various mineral substances in the soil can be provided for soil inoculation.
Step S40: and (4) cultivating the stump and strengthening the seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 20cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, the stump is cultivated and covered. The hilling and stump covering can not only prevent the sprouts from continuously growing in large quantities, but also prevent the tender shoots from being broken by strong wind.
Step S50: and (3) applying fertilizer, wherein the tea-oil tree stump is in a vegetative growth stage in the previous 3 years, and in order to accelerate the growth of the tree body, applying high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer to the tree stump for multiple times by adopting furrow application. Specifically, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once before 6 months of the first year, and is applied to the stump once in 3 months of the second year and 6 months of the second year respectively, wherein the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE. From 3 years, in 11 th to 12 th late months every year, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to roots by adopting furrow application once, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 12-16 days apart from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises diluted magnesium and potassium phosphite, the diluted magnesium contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention can be realized, and various diseases such as anthracnose and the like can be prevented and treated; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; from the 4 th year, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice in 4-5 middle of the month every year, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 14 days apart from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises magnesium and potassium phosphite in diluted application, the magnesium in diluted application contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention and the anthracnose and other various diseases can be prevented and treated. Specifically, when the root of the tree is fertilized by adopting the furrow application method, furrowing is carried out at a position 48cm away from the root of the tree. Specifically, a water-soluble fertilizer having a mass of 150g was applied to each stump at a time.
Step S60: and (4) pruning and shaping, wherein the pruning and shaping are performed once in winter every year from the 3 rd year. Cutting off all migrating long branches at the top and the periphery of the tree body to control the height of the tree to be 2.8m and the crown width to be 2m so as to facilitate the operations of fruit picking, fertilizer application, pruning and the like; trimming the canopy width inner branch, which is beneficial to the sunlight absorption of the blades, thereby improving the yield; cutting off the lower branches to reduce the nutrient consumption and further improve the yield; when a plurality of trees are pruned, after each tree is pruned, a pruning tool, such as scissors, needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, such as 84 disinfectant, and then another tree is pruned, so as to avoid the propagation of plant pathogens among the trees.
EXAMPLE III
The method for transforming the low-yield tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
step S10: cutting off the stem, namely cutting off the stem of the camellia oleifera by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 4cm away from the ground in late 1 month, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem.
Step S20: adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.7 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3.5 m.
Step S30: and (3) cutting roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 50cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 50cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil, and applying the organic base fertilizer with the mass of 1.4t to the soil per mu. Wherein, the bucket is 31cm wide, has no claw teeth, and has a sharp front end structure so as to be used for root breaking; in addition, the organic base fertilizer is fully fermented by EM bacteria, so that the phenomenon that the organic fertilizer can cause fertilizer damage to soil is avoided, and microbial floras required for decomposing various mineral substances in the soil can be provided for soil inoculation.
Step S40: and (4) cultivating the stump and strengthening the seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 21cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, the stump is cultivated and covered. The hilling and stump covering can not only prevent the sprouts from continuously growing in large quantities, but also prevent the tender shoots from being broken by strong wind.
Step S50: and (3) applying fertilizer, wherein the tea-oil tree stump is in a vegetative growth stage in the previous 3 years, and in order to accelerate the growth of the tree body, applying high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer to the tree stump for multiple times by adopting furrow application. Specifically, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the stump once before 6 months of the first year, and is applied to the stump once in 3 months of the second year and 6 months of the second year respectively, wherein the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE. From 3 years, in 11 th to 12 th late months every year, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to roots by adopting furrow application once, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to leaves twice, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 15 days away from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises diluted magnesium and potassium phosphite, the diluted magnesium contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention can be realized, and various diseases such as anthracnose and the like can be prevented and treated; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; from the 4 th year, spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice in 4-5 middle of the month every year, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the first time is 15 days apart from the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer to the leaves for the second time, the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE, the foliar fertilizer comprises magnesium and potassium phosphite in diluted application, the magnesium in diluted application contains various trace elements, the potassium phosphite contains phosphorus and potassium elements, and the two fertilizers are mixed and applied, so that the flower and fruit retention and the anthracnose and other various diseases can be prevented and treated. Specifically, when the root of the tree is fertilized by adopting the furrow application method, furrowing is carried out at a position 50cm away from the root of the tree. Specifically, a water-soluble fertilizer having a mass of 154g was applied to each stump at a time.
Step S60: and (4) pruning and shaping, wherein the pruning and shaping are performed once in winter every year from the 3 rd year. Cutting off all migrating long branches at the top and the periphery of the tree body to control the height of the tree to be 3m and the crown width to be 2.1m so as to facilitate the operations of fruit picking, fertilizer application, pruning and the like; trimming the canopy width inner branch, which is beneficial to the sunlight absorption of the blades, thereby improving the yield; cutting off the lower branches to reduce the nutrient consumption and further improve the yield; when a plurality of trees are pruned, after each tree is pruned, a pruning tool, such as scissors, needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, such as 84 disinfectant, and then another tree is pruned, so as to avoid the propagation of plant pathogens among the trees.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for transforming the low-yield tea-oil tree forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting off the stem, namely cutting off the stem of the camellia oleifera by using a chain saw or an electric saw at a position 1-5cm away from the ground in the late 1 month, and coating a disinfectant on the section of the stem;
adjusting the density, wherein the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 1.5m-1.8 m; in winter of 10 years, the distance between the oil tea stumps is adjusted to be 3m-3.6 m;
cutting off roots and rejuvenating, namely digging off lateral roots at a position 45-55cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using a bucket of an excavator, reclaiming soil at a position 45cm away from the stump of the camellia oleifera by using the excavator, and turning the fermented organic base fertilizer into soil;
cultivating the stump and supporting seedlings, wherein only one tender bud is reserved in each stump in the last ten days of 4 months, and when the tender buds grow to 18-22cm in the middle ten days of 4 months, cultivating soil and covering the stump;
fertilizing, namely applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer to the stumps for multiple times by adopting a furrow application method in the previous 3 years; from 3 years, applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting furrow application in the last 11-12 months of each year, and spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice; applying the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the stump once by adopting a furrow application method from 3 years to 6-7 late months every year; spraying foliar fertilizer with flower and fruit retention effects to the leaves twice from 4 th month to 5 th month in 4 th month of the year;
pruning and shaping, wherein from the 3 rd year, all migrating long branches at the top and the periphery of the tree body are pruned, the height of the tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.2 m, the crown width is controlled to be 1.8-2.2m, the branches in the crown width are pruned, and the branches at the lower edges are pruned, wherein when a plurality of trees are pruned, after one tree is pruned, a pruning tool needs to be disinfected by a disinfectant, and then the other tree is pruned.
2. The method for improving the low-yield tea-oil tree forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step of rejuvenating the broken roots, a bucket with a bucket width of 28-32cm, no claw teeth and a front end structure capable of being used for the broken roots is adopted.
3. The method for improving the low-yield tea-oil tree forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step of root cutting and rejuvenation, the organic base fertilizer is fermented by EM (effective microorganisms).
4. The method for improving the low-yield tea-oil trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step of fertilizing, the foliar fertilizer comprises rare magnesium and potassium phosphite which respectively contain a plurality of trace elements.
5. The method for improving a low-yield forest of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, wherein in the step of applying fertilizer, high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to the stump 6 months before the first year, and high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to the stump 3 months and 6 months after the second year, respectively.
6. The method for improving the low-yield forest of oil-tea trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step of applying the fertilizer, the type of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 32-10-8+ TE, the type of the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is 10-50-10+ TE, and the type of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 10-7-40+ TE.
7. The method for improving the low-yield forest of oil-tea camellia according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step of applying fertilizer, when the stump is applied with the furrow application method, furrowing is carried out at a distance of 45-55cm from the stump.
8. The transformation method for the low-yield forest of oil-tea camellia is characterized in that in the fertilizing step, water-soluble fertilizer with the mass of 145-155g is applied to each stump every time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011138971.4A CN113767799A (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011138971.4A CN113767799A (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113767799A true CN113767799A (en) | 2021-12-10 |
Family
ID=78835113
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011138971.4A Pending CN113767799A (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113767799A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101773045A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-14 | 李子辉 | Complete oil-tea camellia wildwood variety improvement method |
| CN106613705A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 管天球 | Old camellia oleifera forest transforming method |
| CN108566859A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 隆回县高龙桥油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN108739025A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 邓建军 | A kind of cultural method of oil tea |
| CN109005978A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北汇博生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
-
2020
- 2020-10-22 CN CN202011138971.4A patent/CN113767799A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101773045A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-14 | 李子辉 | Complete oil-tea camellia wildwood variety improvement method |
| CN106613705A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 管天球 | Old camellia oleifera forest transforming method |
| CN108566859A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-09-25 | 隆回县高龙桥油茶种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
| CN109005978A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北汇博生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest method |
| CN108739025A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 邓建军 | A kind of cultural method of oil tea |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴静平: "油茶林低产成因及综合改造措施", 《安徽农学通报(下半月刊)》 * |
| 陆富军: "桂中地区软枝油茶造林和油茶低产林改造技术要点", 《农业与技术》 * |
| 高艳雄: "油茶低产林改造技术", 《中国高新技术企业》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105248241B (en) | A kind of implantation methods of grape high-yield | |
| CN104770174A (en) | High-quality and high-yield planting method of oil peonies | |
| CN106508553A (en) | Green ecological cultivation method for dragon fruit | |
| CN104541895A (en) | Blueberry planting method | |
| CN103947501A (en) | High-yield afforestation planting method of high-quality milk jujube | |
| CN104798654A (en) | Greenhouse grape dense-planting and high-yield early maturing cultivating method | |
| CN104542159A (en) | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown | |
| CN104303859A (en) | Shiny-leaved yellowhorn planting method | |
| CN109874591A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of fertile mandarin orange early fruiting and high yield | |
| CN102144519B (en) | Root cutting and high-yield method for nutrition control of winter jujube tree | |
| CN102696376A (en) | Planting method for intercropping gutta percha tree with selfheal | |
| CN108849216A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of grape | |
| CN106386373A (en) | Grape planting method | |
| CN106305063A (en) | Planting method for high-yield eggplants | |
| CN113767799A (en) | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest | |
| CN103535236A (en) | Nectarine high-yield cultivation method | |
| CN103766116A (en) | Cultivation method for lavender | |
| CN111133950A (en) | Cultivation method for promoting flower bud differentiation at base of grape minor shoot | |
| CN102318530A (en) | Labor-saving walnut planting method suitable for mechanical operation | |
| CN110741868A (en) | Seedling planting method | |
| CN107873426B (en) | Labor-saving elder shaping and trimming method | |
| CN108293545A (en) | A kind of method for planting of tea oil tree | |
| CN113508721A (en) | Macadamia nut mountain step edge region ridging planting method | |
| CN110800534A (en) | Hickory branch tip culture method suitable for southern areas | |
| CN113597955A (en) | Method for high-quality and high-yield of slash pine seed orchard |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |