CN113597955A

CN113597955A - Method for high-quality and high-yield of slash pine seed orchard

Info

Publication number: CN113597955A
Application number: CN202110907302.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 栾启福; 李彦杰; 丁显印; 姜景民
Original assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2021-08-09
Filing date: 2021-08-09
Publication date: 2021-11-05

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for high-quality and high-yield of a slash pine seed garden. The method comprises the steps of pruning the slash pine, applying additional fertilizer and grafting. The pruning treatment ensures that the whole tree structure is reasonable, the photo-thermal is fully utilized, and the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, so that the formation of the plant type of the dwarf high-yield slash pine seed garden is promoted, and the risk and the cost of seed collection are reduced; the fertilization measures ensure the vegetative growth, meanwhile, P, K and Be fertilizers are added, the reproductive growth and high-quality and high-yield of seeds are promoted, and excellent scion grafting is preferably selected after pruning, so that the genetic quality and the fructification characteristics are improved. The embodiment result shows that the method can obviously promote the seed orchard of the slash pine to fruit in a short time, effectively improve the genetic quality and the yield of the seeds, and the survival rate of the slash pine twig grafting is as high as 90 percent.

Description

Method for high-quality and high-yield of slash pine seed orchard

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for high-quality and high-yield of a slash pine seed garden.

Background

The slash pine (Pinus elliottii) is native to southwest United states and is an important industrial wood tree species, introduction of seeds in China since 1930 starts, and large-area construction of slash pine seed gardens for producing seeds is started at the end of 1970 s. Due to the long growth period of the slash pine, wherein the vegetative growth period is more than 20 years, and the tree body is tall, the constructed slash pine seed garden faces the main problems of long flowering and fruiting period, low seed yield, difficult harvesting and the like, and the seed production is seriously influenced. At present, the method for promoting the high yield and the high quality of the slash pine orchard comprises the treatments of fertilization, hormone spraying and the like, but the method is difficult to change the physiological age of slash pine, and the filial generation of the slash pine orchard needs to be determined after the physiological growth period of the slash pine is finished, so that a high-quality fruit-bearing mother tree is selected, the consumed time is long, the detection effect is not good, and the quality and the yield of the slash pine orchard seed cannot be improved better all the time. Therefore, how to improve the quality and yield of the seeds in the field of the slash pine seeds in a short time is a problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the quality and yield of a slash pine seed garden, which can obviously promote the seed orchard of slash pine to be firm in a short time, effectively improve the genetic quality of seeds, improve the seed yield and ensure that the survival rate of slash pine reaches more than 90 percent.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for high quality and high yield of a slash pine seed garden, which comprises the steps of pruning slash pine in the slash pine seed garden, reserving 2-3 rounds of branches at the bottom of the slash pine, reserving 3-5 branches for each round of branches, and obtaining slash pine stocks;

grafting scion of the slash pine on the slash pine stock after applying additional fertilizer to obtain slash pine grafted seedling

Preferably, the additional fertilizer comprises, by mass, 3-8 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.0 part of borax, 0.5-1.0 part of zinc sulfate and 70-75 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the topdressing amount of the slash pine rootstock is 1 kg-2 kg.

Preferably, the mode of applying the additional fertilizer comprises applying the additional fertilizer in the bamboo joint ditch;

the bamboo joint ditches are positioned on the ring formed by the selected radius; the selected radius is the length from the point farthest from the trunk to the center of the trunk in the downward perpendicular line of the slash pine stock crown and the ground intersection;

the depth of the bamboo joint groove is 10-30 cm, and the length of the bamboo joint groove is 1/4-1/2 of the circumference of the formed ring.

Preferably, during grafting, the top ends of branches reserved on each round of branches of the slash pine stock are cut off, and 1-2 rounds of small branches are reserved on each branch;

the length of the slash pine scion is 5 cm-10 cm.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of after-grafting management:

removing branches and leaves which are not germinated by the scion;

applying a compound fertilizer once every year, and spraying boric acid with the mass concentration of 0.03-0.10% on the needle leaves before and after the shoots are taken;

and when the grafting fails, cleaning the scions and grafting again.

Preferably, the application positions of the compound fertilizers are exchanged every year, and the position of the annual fertilization is opposite to the position of the previous fertilization.

Preferably, the spraying frequency of the boric acid aqueous solution is 1-2 times.

Preferably, the pruning treatment is performed in the time from the current winter to the next spring.

Preferably, when the scions of the same source are grafted on the two pruned slash pine, the straight distance between the two pruned slash pine is more than or equal to 20 m.

The invention provides a method for high quality and high yield of a slash pine seed garden, which comprises the steps of pruning slash pine in the slash pine seed garden, reserving 2-3 rounds of branches at the bottom of the slash pine, reserving 3-5 branches for each round of branches, and obtaining slash pine stocks; and (3) grafting the slash pine scion on the obtained slash pine stock after applying additional fertilizer to obtain a slash pine grafted seedling. The pruning treatment ensures that the whole tree structure is reasonable, the photo-thermal is fully utilized, and the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, so that the growth and development of the slash pine are promoted; the fertilization measures of the invention ensure the vegetative growth, and simultaneously, P, K and Be fertilizers are added to promote the reproductive growth and high-quality and high-yield of seeds.

And the subsequent grafting is carried out according to the pruning mode of the invention, the slash pine is dwarfed, and the risk and the cost of seed collection are reduced.

Furthermore, the invention ensures the grafting survival rate by controlling the harvesting mode of the scion, processing the stock and the scion during grafting and managing the scion after grafting, and ensures the survival rate to be more than 90 percent.

Furthermore, fertilizer management is carried out after successful grafting, the positions of fertilizer application are exchanged every year, so that the root system can uniformly absorb nutrients, special nutrient elements required for flowering and fruiting are directly provided by spraying compound fertilizers on branches and leaves, and continuous high yield and fruiting are further ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a tree structure diagram of a slash pine rootstock after trimming treatment according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of a graft scion of the present invention; wherein, the left side is a grafting scion picture, and the right side is a grafting scion binding picture;

FIG. 3 shows the growth of slash pine after grafting of scion.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for high-quality and high-yield of a slash pine seed garden, which comprises the following steps: pruning all slash pines in a slash pine seed garden, reserving 2-3 rounds of branches at the bottom of each slash pine, reserving 3-5 branches per round of branches, and obtaining slash pine stocks;

and (3) after the slash pine stock is obtained, applying additional fertilizer, and grafting slash pine scions on the slash pine stock to obtain slash pine grafted seedlings.

In the invention, pruning treatment is carried out on all the slash pines in the slash pine seed garden, 2-3 rounds of branches at the bottom of the slash pines are reserved, and 3-5 branches are reserved on each round of branches, so that slash pine stocks are obtained. When the high-quality single-plant slash pine exists in the slash pine seed garden, the invention preferably prunes the high-quality single-plant slash pine to ensure that all slash pines in the seed garden realize high-quality and high yield. The seed garden of the invention is preferably a seedling seed garden or a grafted seed garden.

In the present invention, the pruning treatment preferably retains the 2 lowest rounds of slash pine shoots; the time of the pruning treatment is preferably from the current winter to the next spring. The tree structure of the slash pine rootstock after the pruning treatment is shown in figure 1. According to the invention, 2 rounds of branches at the bottom of the slash pine are reserved, so that fructification branches can be increased, dwarfing management is facilitated, the illumination intensity of each branch is improved, and the fructification quantity is increased.

In the present invention, said shoots retain preferably 4 branches per round; further preferably, the branches on each round of branches are uniformly distributed. In the present invention, the object of the pruning treatment is preferably slash pine with low yield and low seed quality; the low-yield and low-seed-quality slash pine seedling is preferably a seedling or a grafted seedling. In the invention, the seedling is preferably a slash pine seedling with the age of 3-15 years; preferably, the seedling is a slash pine seedling with a small number of bearing seeds in slash pine with the age of 3-15 years, or a slash pine seedling with a small number of bearing seeds in slash pine with the age of 3-15 years; more preferably, the seedling is a slash pine seedling with poor quality of seeds in slash pine with the tree age of 3-15 years. In the present invention, the grafted seedling is preferably a slash pine grafted seedling with scion death resulting in graft failure; preferably, the grafted seedling is a slash pine grafted seedling which is successfully grafted but not fruitful, or a slash pine grafted seedling which is successfully grafted but has a small bearing capacity; more preferably, the grafted seedling is a slash pine grafted seedling with successful grafting but poor seed quality. The invention ensures the reasonable structure of the whole tree through pruning treatment, makes full use of light and heat, improves the photosynthetic efficiency and promotes the growth and development of the slash pine.

After the slash pine rootstock is obtained and before the slash pine scion is grafted, the invention applies additional fertilizer to the slash pine rootstock obtained by pruning. The amount of the top application is preferably 1kg to 2kg, and more preferably 1.5 kg. In the present invention, the time for applying the top dressing is preferably spring, and more preferably when the tip is pulled out.

In the invention, the additional fertilizer preferably comprises 3-8 parts of urea, more preferably 4-7 parts of urea, and even more preferably 5 parts of urea by mass. In the present invention, the total nitrogen content of urea is preferably not less than 46.0%.

The additional fertilizer preferably comprises 10-20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, more preferably 13-17 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and even more preferably 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. In the invention, the content of available phosphorus in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 12.0 percent.

The additional fertilizer preferably comprises 3-8 parts by mass of potassium sulfate, more preferably 13-17 parts by mass of potassium sulfate, and even more preferably 5 parts by mass of potassium sulfate. In the invention, the content of potassium oxide in the potassium sulfate is preferably equal to or more than 52.0%, and the content of sulfur in the potassium sulfate is preferably equal to or more than 17.5%.

The additional fertilizer preferably comprises 0.5-1.0 part by mass of borax, and more preferably 0.5 part by mass of borax. In the invention, the content of the sodium borate in the borax is preferably more than or equal to 95.0%.

The top dressing preferably comprises 0.5-1.0 part by mass of zinc sulfate, and more preferably 0.5 part by mass of zinc sulfate. In the invention, the content of zinc in the zinc sulfate is preferably more than or equal to 21.5 percent.

The additional fertilizer preferably comprises 70-75 parts by mass of decomposed organic fertilizer, and more preferably 74 parts by mass of decomposed organic fertilizer. In the invention, the raw material of the decomposed organic fertilizer is preferably chicken manure.

In the invention, P, K and Be fertilizers are added while the topdressing ensures the nutrition required by the normal growth of the slash pine, so that the reproductive growth and high-quality and high-yield of the slash pine can Be promoted, and other topdressings cannot achieve the effect.

In the present invention, the mode of applying the additional fertilizer is preferably to apply the additional fertilizer in the bamboo joint ditch. The invention preferably digs bamboo joint ditches at the periphery of each slash pine stock and applies additional fertilizer. In the invention, the bamboo joint ditches are positioned on a ring formed by a selected radius; the selected radius is the length from the point, farthest from the trunk, of the downward perpendicular line of the slash pine stock crown and the ground intersection point to the center of the trunk, namely a circle formed by taking the distance from the longest projection of the slash pine stock crown to the trunk as the radius; the longest projection of the crown is preferably the longest vertical projection of the slash pine sleeper crown on the ground. The depth of the bamboo joint groove is preferably 10-30 cm, more preferably 15-25 cm, and even more preferably 20 cm. The length of the bamboo joint groove is preferably 1/4-1/2 of the circumference of the formed ring, and is further preferably 1/3 of the circumference of the ring. The number of the bamboo joint ditches and the distance between the bamboo joint ditches are not specially required, and the total length of the bamboo joint ditches is ensured to be within the range limited by the invention; in the embodiment of the present invention, the following may be specifically mentioned: digging a bamboo joint ditch on a circle formed by the projection of the crown of the slash pine stock obtained after pruning and the ground in a crossed manner, wherein the length of the bamboo joint ditch is 1/4-1/2 of the circumference of the formed circle; or digging a plurality of non-adjacent bamboo joint ditches on a circle formed by the projection of the crown of the slash pine stock obtained after pruning and the ground surface in a crossed manner, wherein the sum of the lengths of the bamboo joint ditches is 1/4-1/2 of the circumference of the formed circle. According to the invention, the bamboo joint ditches are dug at the periphery of the projection of the stock crown of the slash pine obtained after pruning treatment, so that the adverse effect of topdressing on the root system of the slash pine can be reduced, and the uniform application of the fertilizer is ensured under the condition of reducing the construction workload.

After additional fertilizer is applied, the invention grafts the slash pine stock. In the present invention, the grafting time is preferably such that the scion for grafting is in a semi-lignified state. In the invention, the scion grafting process preferably comprises the step of cutting off the top ends of the branches of the slash pine rootstock, and 1-2 rounds of twigs are reserved on each branch. In the invention, the grafting scion is preferably in a bark grafting mode, the bark grafting process is preferably that 1 cut is longitudinally split on a small branch reserved on a branch of a stock by using a cutter, and the width of the cut is equal to the diameter of the tail of the scion; the base part of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the split notch is inserted, the superposition of the scion phloem (cambium) and the scion phloem (cambium) of the slash pine stock is ensured, and the scion phloem is bound and fixed by a preservative film. The scion is grafted on the trimmed slash pine stock, so that slash pine is dwarfed, and the risk and cost of seed collection are reduced.

In the invention, the length of the grafting scion is preferably 5 cm-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and even more preferably 7-8 cm. The scion variety is preferably slash pine which is genetically determined to have high seed genetic quality and excellent flowering and fruiting properties. In the present invention, the scion is preferably taken from a semi-lignified or near-lignified scion, and more preferably from a high-quality single-plant slash pine in the slash pine seed orchard; the specific morphological standard of the semi-lignified or near-lignified scion is preferably as follows: the young shoot needle has the length of 5 cm-10 cm, the young shoot is hard, after transverse cutting, a soft medulla and a thick phloem can be seen, and the hypodermal xylem is whitish and hard. The selection mode of the scion ensures the hereditary character, the flowering habit and the flowering and fructification physiology of the slash pine and simultaneously meets all the characteristics of seed fructification.

In the present invention, when the scion has reached semi-lignification or near-lignification before the top dressing is applied, the scion is preferably cut and preserved. In the present invention, the length of the scion to be cut is preferably 20cm to 50cm, more preferably 25cm to 45cm, even more preferably 30cm to 40cm, and most preferably 35 cm. In the present invention, the preservation is preferably a cryopreservation. The freezing preservation temperature is preferably 4-10 ℃, more preferably 5-9 ℃, more preferably 6-8 ℃, and most preferably 7 ℃. In the present invention, the time of the cryopreservation does not exceed 48 hours.

After grafting the scion, the invention preferably puts sterile materials on the grafted scion branch head and wraps the scion. In the invention, the sterile material is preferably a material which has the functions of absorbing and retaining water and carries foreign bacteria and pollutants on a small scale, and is further preferably sterile cotton or sterile gauze; the dressing is preferably plastic. In the invention, the sterile material can reduce the influence on a grafting interface, improve the success of grafting, and wrap the scion to reduce the evaporation of water.

After the scion is bound for 20-40 days preferably and further for 30 days preferably, the plastic bag is untied, the growth condition of the scion is checked, and the scion is subjected to tip extraction.

After the scion is bound for 50-80 days preferably, and further 60 days preferably, the preservative film at the overlapped part of the scion and the rootstock is gradually untied, and the survival condition of the scion is checked.

When the scion survives, the compound fertilizer is preferably applied once a year, boric acid is sprayed on the needle leaves before and after the shoots are threshed each year, and branches and leaves which are not germinated by the scion are wiped off in the second year of the survival of the scion. In the invention, the branches and leaves of the grafted plant which are not grafted with the scion and germinate are wiped off, so that the whole plant fructification part can be converted into a high-quality scion stock plant, and the quality improvement and the maturation period conversion are completed.

In the present invention, the composition of the compound fertilizer is preferably the same as that of the top dressing of the present invention. In the present invention, the application amount of the compound fertilizer after grafting is preferably 1kg to 2kg, and more preferably 1.5 kg. In the invention, the fertilizing mode of the compound fertilizer is the same as the mode of applying additional fertilizer. The application time of the compound fertilizer is preferably the same every year, and is further preferably applied from the current winter to the next spring. In the present invention, the application positions of the compound fertilizer are preferably exchanged every year, so that the annual complementation of the application positions is achieved. The invention ensures that the root system can uniformly absorb nutrients by exchanging fertilization positions every year, and special nutrient elements required for flowering and fruiting can be directly provided by spraying the compound fertilizer, thereby further ensuring continuous high yield and fruiting.

In the present invention, the boric acid has a mass concentration of preferably 0.03 to 0.10%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.08%, and still more preferably 0.06%. The spraying frequency of the boric acid is preferably 1-2 times. When the spraying frequency of the boric acid is 2, the time interval of the two spraying is preferably 20-40 d, and more preferably 30 d.

When the scion dies, the invention preferably cleans the scion and re-grafts the scion. The invention ensures the grafting survival rate by controlling the grafting conditions, and ensures the survival rate to be more than 90 percent.

In the invention, when the scions with the same source are grafted on the two pruned slash pine, the linear distance between the two pruned slash pine is more than or equal to 20 m. The grafting mode can be carried out in a large area, and can be used for building a slash pine seed garden, promoting the seed garden to be firm, and improving the quality and yield of slash pine seeds in the slash pine seed garden.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for providing high quality and high yield of the slash pine seed orchard provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Constructing a slash pine seedling seed garden in 2013 in the horse headlot forest farm of Jing county in Anhui, south China, keeping the plant row spacing of 6m and 8m, enabling the tree age to reach 8 years, and not entering the maturing period until 2019.

Selecting 1 cell (BLOCK2-2) as an experimental object in 12 months and 2 days in 2019, wherein the cell size is 5 mu, the total number of 50 seedling slash pine superior trees (the numbers are 1,2 and 50 respectively), cutting all tops, reserving two rounds of branches at the lower part of each slash pine, reserving 5 branches in each round of branches, obtaining slash pine stocks, and the tree structure of the truncated slash pine stocks is shown in figure 1. 1 bamboo joint ditch is dug on a circle formed by the longest projection of the obtained slash pine stock crown to the trunk with the distance as the radius, the length of the bamboo joint ditch is 2/5 of the length of the formed circle, and the depth of the bamboo joint ditch is 20 cm.

And 2kg of special fertilizer is applied to each pruned slash pine in the bamboo joint ditch 12 months and 20 days in 2019 (the special fertilizer comprises 5 parts of urea, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of borax, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 74 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer by mass). Selecting a single plant which is high in seed genetic quality and excellent in flowering and fruiting characters through genetic determination results in the same slash pine cultivation area for later use. The judgment standard of the single-plant slash pine with high genetic quality and excellent flowering and fruiting properties is as follows: the growth amount of the single slash pine is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the existing promoted strain, other target characters are not lower than the existing promoted strain, the annual flowering and fruiting amount is large, and the phenomenon of big and small years is not obvious.

When the young sprout of the single plant slash pine with high genetic quality and excellent flowering and fruiting properties blooms and fruits in 5 months in 2020, the healthy and thick young sprout with flowers (fruits) at the top is cut to serve as a grafting scion. The specific form of the scion is as follows: the length of the young shoot needle is 4-9cm, the young shoot is hard, after transverse cutting, a soft medulla, a thick phloem and a white and hard subcutaneous xylem can be seen. The length of the scion when being cut is 7cm, and the terminal bud is kept full and is not damaged. The scions from the same source are marked as 1 genetic resource, 1 scion strip of 10 scions is wrapped by old newspaper, sprayed with water for moisturizing, and stored in a shady and cool place or refrigerated in a fresh-keeping cabinet at 4-10 ℃. The total time of preservation and transportation is not easy to exceed 48 hours, cool ventilation is paid attention to during the whole transportation process, and the temperature accumulation is prevented by turning over.

Cutting off the top end of the slash pine branches remained after pruning in the seed orchard in 5-month and 10-day 2020, keeping 1-2 rounds of twigs for each branch, and longitudinally splitting 1 cut edge on the cut-off section by using a cutter, wherein the width of the cut edge is equal to the diameter of the tail of the scion; the grafted scion has a length of about 10cm after being trimmed, contains complete terminal buds, is cut into a wedge shape at the base part, is inserted into a split cut to ensure that the scion phloem (cambium) is superposed with the phloem (cambium) of the stock, and is bound and fixed by thin strips cut by a preservative film, specifically shown in the left side of fig. 2; placing a piece of sterilized cotton after water absorption on the grafted branch, and binding the whole scion by using a plastic bag to reduce water evaporation, particularly as shown in the right side of the figure 2; scions from the same source cannot be grafted on two adjacent single plants according to the construction requirements of a seed orchard, preferably the distance between every two single plants is 2-3, and the linear distance is 20m or more; checking the growth condition of the scion after 30 days, normally performing tip extraction, ensuring that the survival probability of the scion growing vigorously is high, opening a plastic bag, gradually loosening a preservative film fixed at an interface after 60 days, checking the survival condition of the interface, and gradually wiping off branches and leaves which are not grafted with the scion and germinate in the spring of the next year so as to convert the fructification part of the whole plant into a high-quality scion stock plant and finish quality improvement and maturity stage conversion; and cleaning the scions which fail in grafting, and pruning the branches of the stocks and then performing supplementary grafting.

And investigating the grafting survival rate in 12 months in 2020, applying 1kg of special fertilizer to each grafted single plant in 12 months in 2020 at a position different from the position of the former fertilizer application, spraying 1 time of 0.06% boric acid aqueous solution to the grafted and survived branch in 2 months and 26 days in 2021, and investigating in 3-4 months in 2021 to show the fructification condition of the grafted single plant. The scion grafting survival rate, the setting condition and the slash pine growth condition are shown in the following table 1 and fig. 3.

TABLE 1 example of seed orchard for superior trees of slash pine for promoting flowering and fruiting

As can be known from the data in the table 1, according to the technical scheme, the average survival rate of the slash pine grafting reaches 92%, and the single plants enter the flowering and fruiting period in the second grafting year.

Example 2

In a slash pine grafting seed garden built in 2011 in Changle forest farm in Hangzhou areas, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, grafting scions are collected from slash pines over 20 years, but part of single plants still do not enter a reproductive period (do not blossom or bear fruits or rarely blossom and bear fruits) after 8 years of grafting.

Selecting 30 single plants (numbered 1,2,3.. 30) with poor fructification habits in the grafted seed garden, cutting off all the single plants in 11 months in 2019, reserving two branches at the lower part, reserving 3 branches in each branch, simultaneously applying 2kg of special fertilizer to each single plant (the special fertilizer comprises 5 parts of urea, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of borax, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 74 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer by mass), grafting and performing later-stage management according to the method of the embodiment 1, investigating the grafting survival rate in 12 months in 2020, applying 1kg of special fertilizer to different positions of each single grafted plant in 12 months in 2020, spraying 0.06% boric acid aqueous solution for 1 time to the branches which are grafted and survived in 2 months and 20 days in 2021, and investigating the flowering, grafting and single fructification conditions in 3-4 months in 2021. The results of the investigation on the scion grafting survival rate and setting are shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 2 example of vegetative slash pine elite seed orchard for promoting flowering and fruiting

As can be known from the data in the table 2, according to the technical scheme, the grafting survival rate of the slash pine averagely reaches 91%, the scion branches enter the period of flowering and fruiting in the second year of grafting, and compared with the scion branches before grafting treatment, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the scion branches are flowering and fruiting effects are improved by 6.25 times.

Comparative example 1

Another small area (BLOCK2-1) with the same size is selected near the small area (BLOCK2-2) of the seed garden described in example 1, about 5 mu area, 60 single plants, beginning in 2018 and continuing for 3 years, and 1g/L of GA4/7 (mixed solution of gibberellin 4 and 7) is prepared every year in 2-3 months in spring, 3 downward inclined holes (depth is based on the medulla of the trunk) are drilled at the base of each trunk by a 5mm portable electric hand drill, each hole is injected with 4/7 mixed solution by a pipette, the same solution is sprayed on branches and leaves which are expected to be fruited, and 1-2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied at the projection of the crown under the tree.

The investigation in 2020 shows that the tree body grows vigorously, the height of the tree is more than 6m, the diameter at breast height is more than 10cm, but the tree cannot induce flowering and fructification, and no one plant of slash pine has female globeflower or male globeflower.

Comparative example 2

The same as example 2, in 2016 and 12 months, 3 years of treatment were carried out by using commercial fertilizers (only containing calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers) and GA4/7, and 18-day investigation in 2019 and 12 months showed that the fructification spike of the original flowering and fructification single plant is increased by about 60%, the original non-flowering and fructification single plant still does not flower and fructification, and the GA4/7 treatment only works on the flowering and fructification single plant and can moderately improve the fructification rate, but cannot change the fructification habit of the single plant which does not reach the fructification age.

The embodiments show that the method for high-quality and high-yield slash pine seed orchard provided by the invention can obviously promote slash pine seed orchard fructification in a short time, effectively improve seed genetic quality, improve seed yield, and the survival rate of slash pine reaches more than 90%.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for high quality and high yield of a slash pine seed orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:

pruning the slash pine in the slash pine seed garden, reserving 2-3 rounds of branches at the bottom of the slash pine, and reserving 3-5 branches for each round of branches to obtain a slash pine stock;

and (3) grafting the slash pine scion on the obtained slash pine stock after applying additional fertilizer to obtain a slash pine grafted seedling.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional fertilizer comprises, by mass, 3-8 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.0 part of borax, 0.5-1.0 part of zinc sulfate and 70-75 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topdressing amount of the slash pine rootstock is 1kg to 2 kg.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying of top dressing comprises applying top dressing in the bamboo furrow;

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein during grafting, the tops of branches remained on each round of branches of the slash pine stock are cut off, and 1-2 rounds of twigs remained on each branch;

the length of the slash pine scion is 5 cm-10 cm.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein after said grafting, further comprising post-management:

removing branches and leaves which are not germinated by the scion;

and when the grafting fails, cleaning the scions and grafting again.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the application sites of the compound fertilizer are exchanged every year, the site of the annual application being opposite the previous application.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of boric acid is 1 to 2 times.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pruning treatment is carried out for a period of time from the current winter to the next spring.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein when the two pruned slash pine is grafted with a scion of the same origin, the linear distance between the two pruned slash pine is not less than 20 m.