CN108739025A - A kind of cultural method of oil tea - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739025A CN108739025A CN201810707113.3A CN201810707113A CN108739025A CN 108739025 A CN108739025 A CN 108739025A CN 201810707113 A CN201810707113 A CN 201810707113A CN 108739025 A CN108739025 A CN 108739025A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
It the invention discloses a kind of cultural method of oil tea, including selection of land, site preparation, selects seedling, plant, forest management, when site preparation, launches lime and lime sulfur, play diseases prevention insect prevention；Base manure uses the combination of natural pond fertilizer and composite fertilizer, can improve the content of N P and K and organic matter in soil, increases the content of microorganism charcoal, nitrogen, to improve the biological nature of soil；Make legume between every row oil tea, it can play the role of fixed nitrogen, increase soil fertility, improve the structure of community of oil tea edaphon, and pass through rational weeding, fertilising, pruning, good growing environment is improved for oil tea, promote Shoot growth normally and bud differentiation, reaches the target of early flowering fruiting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil tea cultivation fields.
Background technology
Oil tea, is one of main nonwood forest trees in China, and major product --- tea oil is " best edible in the world
Oil ", can be rated as " liquid golden ".Tea oil is not only important edible oil, after processed, can be used as industry and medical material, also
Many byproducts can be comprehensively utilized.Tea oil tree tool is adaptable, has the characteristics of long lifespan, do not strive ground with grain and cotton plantation, also
Fertilizer, pesticide can be provided for agricultural production；Tea oil tree is evergreen species, is planting trees on barren hills, conserves water and soil, while being also excellent
Volatile property.Currently, the problems such as there is fruiting evening, low output, slow benefits during oil tea is cultivated, how to make the oil newly made
Tea woods early high-yield promotes camellia oleiferaindustry development, is the current significant problem for being badly in need of solving.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of oil tea, have can improve soil soil property, culture fertility,
The features such as promotion is quickly grown into forest, and produced tea oil quality is good, yield is high.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of cultural method of oil tea, includes the following steps：
(1) selection of land：Select the hills below height above sea level 800m, short hummock area, the hillside fields of gradient 10-25 degree, soil pH value
In 4-6.5, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, soil thickness to be more than 60cm；
(2) site preparation：On dig down and fill out, cut height and fill out bottom, it is big it is curved take advantage of a situation, small curved cut-off, between steep mountain ladder cultivates water conservation soil, the Pingshan Mountain is cultivated entirely
Crop；Less than 15 degree gentle slopes are cultivated entirely or strip tillage, abrupt slope scalariform site preparation；It ploughs, open ridge, it will also be to ploughing deeply during ploughing deeply
Soil carries out uniform basal dressing, launches lime 150kg per acre, to launch uniformly, lime sulfur be sprayed after three months, by 0.5kg
The proportioning that lime sulfur is watered 100kg uniformly sprays；Kind of a plant hole is dug by the long 70cm of specification × wide 70cm × depth 70cm；
(3) seedling is selected：Select grafting nutritive cup seedlings as seedling, height of seedling 15cm or more, ground diameter 2.5mm or more；
(4) it transplants：Plant line-spacing is 2-2.5m, spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, is colonized 110 plants per acre, and when field planting carries out 1 cave, 1 seedling,
Seedling is put into righting in cave and unfolds root system, filling fine earth compacting makes soil be in close contact with root system, then pours into suitable as possible
Root water, covering are loosened the soil；By mulching straw, weeds within the scope of 60cm around seedling butt etc., thickness 6cm after plant；
(5) forest management：
A, tillage and weeding：1 year after cultivation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each tillage and weeding 1 time train the positive seedling of the root and stem of certain plants,
Deep ploughing 1 time comprehensively of third year, depth 20-25cm, the 4th, the 5th year annual autumn intertill 1 time, depth 10-15cm, and the 6th year complete
Face is deep ploughed 1 time, depth 30-35cm；
B, it applies fertilizer：Every plant of First Year applies 0.1kg urea or composite fertilizer, applies 1kg/ plants of Special fertilizer for oil tea, is applied fertilizer using ditch, away from
Other than butt 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, from second year to the 6th year, fertilising gradually increases dose, more to fruiting after growing into forest
Plant apply 0.3-0.5kg/ plants of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
C, work：Second year after oil tea plant into the ranks making, intersect the main force oil tea butt 60cm at plantation soya bean with
Peanut；
D, pruning：Oil tea seedling early stage based on shaping, after field planting at away from graft union 30-50cm fixed pole, suitably
Retain trunk；First Year selects and remain that 3-4 growth be strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 20-30cm；Second year exists
Retain 2-3 strong branches on each major branch as secondary major branch；3-4 is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, by it
On strong spring tip culture be side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed；Light pruning when trimming, stays branch more,
The branch of excessive growth is wiped out in time, and sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown molding；
(6) it harvests：When tea fruit is bright in colour, rubescent or jaundice, presents glossy, White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick,
Shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence harvests when existing oily.
Preferably, step (2) base manure includes 180-200kg/ mus of natural pond fertilizer and 25-30kg/ mus of composite fertilizers.
Preferably, step (5) Special fertilizer for oil tea is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：100-150 parts of Oil-tea-cake, animal excreta
Just 25-35 parts, 1-3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 30% 2-4 parts of phosphoric acid, 30% 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of microorganism formulation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：When site preparation, lime and lime sulfur are launched, diseases prevention insect prevention is played；Base manure uses natural pond
The combination of fertilizer and composite fertilizer can improve the content of N P and K and organic matter in soil, increase the content of microorganism charcoal, nitrogen, from
And improve the biological nature of soil；Make legume between every row oil tea, the work that fixed nitrogen can be played, increase soil fertility
With, improve the structure of community of oil tea edaphon, and by rational weeding, fertilising, pruning, it is good for oil tea raising
Growing environment, promote Shoot growth normally and bud differentiation, reach the target of early flowering fruiting.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of land：Select the hills below height above sea level 800m, short hummock area, 25 degree of hillside fields below of the gradient, soil pH value
In 4-6.5, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, soil thickness to be more than 60cm；
(2) site preparation：On dig down and fill out, cut height and fill out bottom, it is big it is curved take advantage of a situation, small curved cut-off, between steep mountain ladder cultivates water conservation soil, the Pingshan Mountain is cultivated entirely
Crop；Less than 15 degree gentle slopes are cultivated entirely or strip tillage, abrupt slope scalariform site preparation；It ploughs, open ridge, it will also be to ploughing deeply during ploughing deeply
Soil carries out uniform basal dressing, launches lime 150kg per acre, to launch uniformly, lime sulfur be sprayed after three months, by 0.5kg
The proportioning that lime sulfur is watered 100kg uniformly sprays；Kind of a plant hole is dug by the long 70cm of specification × wide 70cm × depth 70cm；
(3) seedling is selected：Select grafting nutritive cup seedlings as seedling, height of seedling 15cm or more, ground diameter 2.5mm or more；
(4) it transplants：Plant line-spacing is 2.5m, spacing in the rows 2.5m, is colonized 110 plants per acre, and when field planting carries out 1 cave, 1 seedling, by seedling
It is put into righting in cave and unfolds root system, filling fine earth compacting makes soil be in close contact with root system, then pours into suitable as possible
Water, covering are loosened the soil；By mulching straw, weeds within the scope of 60cm around seedling butt etc., thickness 6cm after plant；
(5) forest management：
A, tillage and weeding：1 year after cultivation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each tillage and weeding 1 time train the positive seedling of the root and stem of certain plants,
Deep ploughing 1 time comprehensively of third year, depth 20-25cm, the 4th, the 5th year annual autumn intertill 1 time, depth 10-15cm, and the 6th year complete
Face is deep ploughed 1 time, depth 30-35cm；
B, it applies fertilizer：Every plant of First Year applies 0.1kg urea, applies 1kg/ plants of Special fertilizer for oil tea, is applied fertilizer using ditch, apart from butt
Other than 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, from second year to the 6th year, fertilising gradually increases dose, the plant more to fruiting after growing into forest
Apply 0.3kg/ plants of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；
C, work：Second year after oil tea plant into the ranks making, intersect the main force oil tea butt 60cm at plantation soya bean with
Peanut；
D, pruning：Oil tea seedling early stage based on shaping, after field planting at away from graft union 30-50cm fixed pole, suitably
Retain trunk；First Year selects and remain that 3-4 growth be strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 20-30cm；Second year exists
Retain 2-3 strong branches on each major branch as secondary major branch；3-4 is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, by it
On strong spring tip culture be side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed；Light pruning when trimming, stays branch more,
The branch of excessive growth is wiped out in time, and sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown molding；
(6) it harvests：When tea fruit is bright in colour, rubescent or jaundice, presents glossy, White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick,
Shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence harvests when existing oily.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is the further embodiment of embodiment 1, and in the present embodiment, base manure includes 180-200kg/ mus of natural ponds
Fertilizer and 25-30kg/ mus of composite fertilizers；Base manure uses the combination of natural pond fertilizer and composite fertilizer, can improve N P and K and organic matter in soil
Content, increase the content of microorganism charcoal, nitrogen, to improve the biological nature of soil.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 is the further embodiment of embodiment 1, and in the present embodiment, Special fertilizer for oil tea is by following parts by weight
Raw material be made：150 parts of Oil-tea-cake, 30 parts of animal wastes, 1 part of potassium hydroxide, 30% 2 parts of phosphoric acid, 30% humic acid 1
Part, 1 part of microorganism formulation.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is overall embodiment, and a kind of cultural method of oil tea includes the following steps：
(1) selection of land：The hills below height above sea level 800m, short hummock area, the gradient is selected to be less than 25 degree of hillside fields, soil pH value
In 4-6.5, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, soil thickness to be more than 60cm；
(2) site preparation：On dig down and fill out, cut height and fill out bottom, it is big it is curved take advantage of a situation, small curved cut-off, between steep mountain ladder cultivates water conservation soil, the Pingshan Mountain is cultivated entirely
Crop；Less than 15 degree gentle slopes are cultivated entirely or strip tillage, abrupt slope scalariform site preparation；It ploughs, open ridge, it will also be to ploughing deeply during ploughing deeply
Soil carries out uniform basal dressing, and base manure includes 1200kg/ mus of natural pond fertilizer and 30kg/ mus of composite fertilizers；Lime 150kg is launched per acre,
It launches uniformly, sprays lime sulfur after three months, the proportioning that 100kg is watered by 0.5kg lime sulfurs uniformly sprays；It is long by specification
70cm × wide 70cm × depth 70cm digs kind of a plant hole；
(3) seedling is selected：Select grafting nutritive cup seedlings as seedling, height of seedling 15cm or more, ground diameter 2.5mm or more；
(4) it transplants：Plant line-spacing is 2-2.5m, spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, is colonized 110 plants per acre, and when field planting carries out 1 cave, 1 seedling,
Seedling is put into righting in cave and unfolds root system, filling fine earth compacting makes soil be in close contact with root system, then pours into suitable as possible
Root water, covering are loosened the soil；By mulching straw, weeds within the scope of 60cm around seedling butt etc., thickness 6cm after plant；
(5) forest management：
A, tillage and weeding：1 year after cultivation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each tillage and weeding 1 time train the positive seedling of the root and stem of certain plants,
Deep ploughing 1 time comprehensively of third year, depth 20-25cm, the 4th, the 5th year annual autumn intertill 1 time, depth 10-15cm, and the 6th year complete
Face is deep ploughed 1 time, depth 30-35cm；
B, it applies fertilizer：Every plant of First Year applies 0.1kg urea, applies 1kg/ plants of Special fertilizer for oil tea, is applied fertilizer using ditch, apart from butt
Other than 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, from second year to the 6th year, fertilising gradually increases dose, the plant more to fruiting after growing into forest
Apply 0.4kg/ plants of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer；Special fertilizer for oil tea is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：120 parts of Oil-tea-cake, animal wastes 25
Part, 2 parts of potassium hydroxide, 30% 2 parts of phosphoric acid, 30% 3 parts of humic acid, 1 part of microorganism formulation；
C, work：Second year after oil tea plant into the ranks making, intersect the main force oil tea butt 60cm at plantation soya bean with
Peanut；
D, pruning：Oil tea seedling early stage based on shaping, after field planting at away from graft union 30-50cm fixed pole, suitably
Retain trunk；First Year selects and remain that 3-4 growth be strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 20-30cm；Second year exists
Retain 2-3 strong branches on each major branch as secondary major branch；3-4 is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, by it
On strong spring tip culture be side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed；Light pruning when trimming, stays branch more,
The branch of excessive growth is wiped out in time, and sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown molding；
(6) it harvests：When tea fruit is bright in colour, rubescent or jaundice, presents glossy, White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick,
Shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence harvests when existing oily.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cultural method of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) selection of land：The hills below height above sea level 800m, short hummock area are selected, the hillside fields of gradient 10-25 degree, soil pH value is in 4-
6.5, loamy texture is suitble to the red soil of Growth of Camellia oleifera, soil thickness to be more than 60cm；
(2) site preparation：On dig down and fill out, cut height and fill out bottom, it is big it is curved take advantage of a situation, small curved cut-off, steep mountain ladder cultivates water conservation soil, the Pingshan Mountain is made between cultivating entirely
Object；Less than 15 degree gentle slopes are cultivated entirely or strip tillage, abrupt slope scalariform site preparation；It ploughs, open ridge, it will also be to the soil ploughed deeply during ploughing deeply
Earth carries out uniform basal dressing, launches lime 150kg per acre, to launch uniformly, lime sulfur be sprayed after three months, by 0.5kg stones
The proportioning that sulphur mixture is watered 100kg uniformly sprays；Kind of a plant hole is dug by the long 70cm of specification × wide 70cm × depth 70cm；
(3) seedling is selected：Select grafting nutritive cup seedlings as seedling, height of seedling 15cm or more, ground diameter 2.5mm or more；
(4) it transplants：Plant line-spacing is 2-2.5m, spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, is colonized 110 plants per acre, and when field planting carries out 1 cave, 1 seedling, by seedling
It is put into righting in cave and unfolds root system, filling fine earth compacting makes soil be in close contact with root system, then pours into suitable as possible
Water, covering are loosened the soil；By mulching straw, weeds within the scope of 60cm around seedling butt etc., thickness 6cm after plant；
(5) forest management：
A, tillage and weeding：1 year after cultivation, annual the end of spring and the beginning of summer and autumn each tillage and weeding 1 time train the positive seedling of the root and stem of certain plants, third
1 time, depth 20-25cm, the 4th, the 5th year annual autumn of deep ploughing intertills 1 time, depth 10-15cm year comprehensively, and the 6th year comprehensively deeply
It ploughs 1 time, depth 30-35cm；
B, it applies fertilizer：Every plant of First Year applies 0.1kg urea or composite fertilizer, applies 1kg/ plants of Special fertilizer for oil tea, is applied fertilizer using ditch, Distance-Tree
Other than root and stem of certain plants 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, from second year to the 6th year, fertilising gradually increases dose, the plant more to fruiting after growing into forest
0.3-0.5kg/ plants of phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer is applied in strain；
C, work：Second year after oil tea plant intersects the main force oil tea butt 60cm at and plants soya bean and peanut into the ranks making；
D, pruning：Oil tea seedling early stage based on shaping, fixed pole, appropriate reservation away from graft union 30-50cm at after field planting
Trunk；First Year selects and remain that 3-4 growth be strong, the rational side shoot culture in orientation is major branch at 20-30cm；Second year is each
Retain 2-3 strong branches on major branch as secondary major branch；3-4 is cultivated on the basis of chief and vice major branch, will thereon
Strong spring tip culture is side shoot group, and ratio is reasonable between making three, is uniformly distributed；Light pruning when trimming stays branch, in time more
The branch of excessive growth is wiped out, sick branch, overlapping branch and deadwood etc. remove bud for first 3 years, accelerate tree crown molding；
(6) it harvests：When tea fruit is bright in colour, rubescent or jaundice, presents glossy, White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick, shell
Fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence harvests when existing oily.
2. the cultural method of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) base manure includes 180-200kg/
Mu natural pond fertilizer and 25-30kg/ mus of composite fertilizers.
3. the cultural method of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (5) Special fertilizer for oil tea is by following heavy
The raw material of amount part is made：100-150 parts of Oil-tea-cake, 25-35 parts of animal wastes, 1-3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 30% 2-4 parts of phosphoric acid,
30% 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of microorganism formulation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810707113.3A CN108739025A (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | A kind of cultural method of oil tea |
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| CN201810707113.3A CN108739025A (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | A kind of cultural method of oil tea |
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| CN108739025A true CN108739025A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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ID=63975539
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| CN201810707113.3A Pending CN108739025A (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | A kind of cultural method of oil tea |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110169303A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-27 | 桂阳县天能生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea |
| CN113767799A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-12-10 | 溆浦县峰源农林开发有限公司 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
| CN115226560A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatic fruit dropping of camellia oleifera |
-
2018
- 2018-07-03 CN CN201810707113.3A patent/CN108739025A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110169303A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-08-27 | 桂阳县天能生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of oil tea |
| CN113767799A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-12-10 | 溆浦县峰源农林开发有限公司 | Transformation method of low-yield camellia oleifera forest |
| CN115226560A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatic fruit dropping of camellia oleifera |
| CN115226560B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatically dropping fruits of tea-oil trees |
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Application publication date: 20181106 |