CN106358932A - Bletilla striata planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bletilla striata planting method which is used for planting bletilla striata below a trichosanthes kirilowii vine. The bletilla striata planting method comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation, establishment of a trichosanthes kirilowii rack, planting of trichosanthes kirilowii, planting of bletilla striata, weeding after the planting, fertilization, pest control, fertilizer-water management, trichosanthes kirilowii growth management, bletilla striata growth management, trichosanthes kirilowii harvesting, bletilla striata harvesting and the like. Land resources below the trichosanthes kirilowii vine rack can be sufficiently utilized early, and meanwhile, the trichosanthes kirilowii vine can provide a shading effect on bletilla striata to guarantee the ventilation and cooling of the growth environment; meanwhile, economic output of the bletilla striata planting land can be guaranteed every year before bletilla striata harvesting, and the economic benefits of the land are greatly increased; and moreover, according to the method, the root rot and stem rot of bletilla striata can be effectively reduced.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of plant cultivation technique, the method planting the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) under more particularly, to a kind of Fructus Trichosanthis rattan.

Background technology

Fructus Trichosanthis, also known as wild calabash, medicine melon, are commonly called as " Semen Trichosanthis ".For herbaceous perennial vine Wild Medicinal, botany Upper genus Cucurbitaceae, Fructus Trichosanthis belong to, and Fructus Trichosanthis are single leaf alternate, and profile is circular or ovate is heart-shaped, are in often palmation, dioecism, male Spend several, in raceme or dilute Dan Sheng, female flower Dan Sheng, ovary is avette, and fruit is subsphaeroidal, yellowish-brown after maturation, smooth, fruit flesh Three lobes, have most flattening shape seeds, are affected with factors such as weathers by geography, Fructus Trichosanthis are distributed mainly on southeast, such as Chinese, Korea, Japan, Philippine etc., are mainly distributed on northern territory and the Yangtze river basin in China, such as Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Henan, Multiple province such as Jiangsu.

Fructus Trichosanthis whole body is precious, and for commonly using one of large Chinese herbal medicine, Fructus Trichosanthis fruit, root all can be used as medicine, fruit Fructus Trichosanthis, really Pericarpium Trichosanthiss, Semen Trichosanthiss, root name is Radix Trichosanthis to seed to shell, and Fructus Trichosanthis have removing heat-phlegm, relieving stuffiness of the chest by dispersing aggregation of pathogens, moisturize laxation, detumescence The effects such as evacuation of pus.Because Fructus Trichosanthis whole body is all precious, seed core edible, really, skin, root all can be used as medicine, the therefore huge market demand, send out Exhibition has a extensive future.In order to ensure the fruit bearing rate of Fructus Trichosanthis, about at 240 plants about, so there is substantial amounts of soil money in typically every mu amount The waste in source.

The Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), also known as Lian Jicao, Bai Li, pleionebulbocodioides rolfe, spend in vain, Hemerocallis citrina Baroni, pale reddish brown point, be orchid, perennial grass This, high 15-70cm, it is used as medicine with tuber, rhizome triangular shape oblate spheroid or irregular rhombus, meat, plump, rich viscosity, constant It is connected.Stem is upright, and blade is in lanceolar or wide lanceolar, long 8-30cm, wide 1 .5-4cm, and tip is tapering, the downward growth of base portion Sheath shape, full edge.Raceme basidixed, 3-8, flower, inflorescence axial length 4-12cm；Bract lanceolar, long 1 .5-2 .5cm, caducous； Flower purple or pale red, diameter 3-4cm；Sepal and petal are isometric, long and narrow circle, long 2 .8-3cm；Lip obovate, long 2 .3- 2 .8cm, white or tool purple striae, top 3 is split, and middle valve margin has wave-formed mouth, tip indent, central authorities' 5 gusset of tool, side Sliver is upright, stamen post of filling the span of a man's arms, and slightly stretches to middle sliver, but the half not as good as middle sliver；Stamen and gynoecium are combined into stamen post, and both sides have narrow Wing, stigma top raw 1 stamen, and flower pesticide block 4 is right, flat and grow；Ovary is the next, cylindric, distortion.Capsule is cylindrical, and long 3 .5cm, diameter about 1cm, two ends are slightly sharp.The month at florescence 4-5.The fruiting period 7-9 month.The Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) treasures rare medicinal herbss for China, is clinically Treatment hemoptysis, haematemesis, ulcer haemorrhage.Traumatic hemorrhage, sore swollen toxin, the important drugs of chapped skin, the also work(such as beauty treatment Effect.Modern study shows, also has lymphatic temperament polysaccharide, have the function of substituting blood plasma and antibacterial and anticancer, outside it in Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) tuber With embrocating, acne vestige on the face, defying age can be eliminated.

Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) happiness is warm, moisten, shelter from heat or light, environment that aeration is good, can not resist cold, high temperature stops growing.Soil is required fertile Fertile, loose and well-drained sand loam or humus loam.Outdoor cultivation requires cultivation in the plot of Schattenseite or more dark and damp, Greenhouse cultivation needs to cover the sunshade net of more than 85% shading rate.And Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth cycle is long, adopts and need 3-4 from planting to The time in year, so can make soil unsubstantial income for a long time.

Content of the invention

In order to make full use of the land resource in Fructus Trichosanthis ground, during solving Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) plantation, need plastic house sunshade simultaneously The situation of net, simultaneously in order to make full use of the land resource under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan, also for realizing soil while planting the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), often Nian Douhui has economic output, the invention provides planting the method for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan.

In order to realize above target, the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:

(1) selection of land, site preparation

Select sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, has water source and the good soil of draining is as garden ground；

By the garden choosing ground tilling depth 20-30cm, before turning over, mu applies the fertilizer 1000-1500kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, high-load sulphuric acid K composite fertilizer 10-15kg, after deep ploughing, field is organized into row spacing 2.5-3.0m, the seedbed of the high 20-30cm in ridge, and flat treating is ploughed in ridge face Transplant；

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis are transplanted or emerged, found cement in ground by the standard of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m Column, column upper end pulls into the grid of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m from stainless steel silk, then puts nylon wire above；

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

First Year early March, from the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 2.5-3.0m*0.9-1.0m, in each whole good ridge ground Dig out Seedling hole, and put, in hole, the farmyard manure about 0.5-1kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the tuber processing is kept flat, thin sand and soil 2- is covered on tuber surface 3cm, pours moisture, then is covered with thin sand and soil 2-3cm, is then covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, removes Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 0.3-0.5 rice, be plugged and climb up by holding on to thing, Seedling is fixed on is climbed up by holding on on thing with soft band rope, promote its to Upper growth, is allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu with 1-2% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, pours and applies, every 7-10 at Seedling 5-10cm It once carries Seedling 3-4 time in conjunction with anti-nematicide；Attention control droop and mosaic virus simultaneously；

(4) plantation of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)

First Year mid-April, select to cultivate the tissue cultured seedling of a year in booth as seedling, after seedling chooses, by spacing in the rows 12～ 18cm line-spacing 26～30cm digs Miao Keng, the deep 8～12cm in hole, the pseudobulb with tender shoots is put in cave bottom, applies mellow soil miscellaneous fertilizers about after cultivation 0.2-0.5kg, then earthing is flat with furrow face；

(5) field final-period management

It should be noted that middle weeding, fertilising watering in good time after nursery completes；Should follow ill cure the disease, have worm parasite killing, anosis The principle then prevented, Fructus Trichosanthis are it should be noted that prevent and treat nematicide, droop and mosaic virus, and note pollinating to Fructus Trichosanthis；Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling It should be noted that preventing and treating root rot, leaf disease speckle, cutworm, wireworm, looper, red spider, stinkbug；

(6) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit just can be harvested for crocus by blue-stain, harvest in batches, take out seed and flesh fermentation 24-48 hour is treated Wash, remove after cleaning and dry；

(7) Second Year Fructus Trichosanthis and Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth management

Before freezing in the winter time, cut off the long vines in Fructus Trichosanthis top, only stay the vines of 0.5-1m length from the ground to coil on the ground, Every plant covers a mound, high about 30 centimetres, cold-proof survive the winter, next early April in spring, push mound aside, emerged growth with profit；Wiping out vines While, remove all leaves on steel wire climing；Winter freeze before the layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae insulation of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling hole top, and layer overlay Thin film carries out water-proofing treatment；Next early April in spring, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae and thin film, emerged growth with the sharp Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)；Pour every year later in good time Water, intertillage, fertilising, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, winter protection.

The method being provided using the present invention is it is ensured that the land resource under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan teapoy obtains sufficiently early using, simultaneously Fructus Trichosanthis rattan can provide shaded effects for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) it is ensured that the ventilation of its growing environment, shady and cool；Simultaneously it is also ensured that the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is failing to adopt Before receiving, the plantation soil of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), all can there is economic output every year, greatly improve the economic benefit in soil；In addition, this Bright method, can effectively reduce the generation of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) root rot, stem rot.

Specific implementation method.

Embodiment

(1) selection of land, site preparation

Select sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, has water source and the good soil of draining is as garden ground；

By the garden choosing ground tilling depth 25m, before turning over, mu applies the fertilizer 1500kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, high-load compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10kg, after deep ploughing, field is organized into row spacing 3.0m, the seedbed of the high 20cm in ridge, and ridge face is ploughed to put down and waited to transplant；

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis are transplanted or emerged, found cement post, column in ground by the standard of 3.0m*3.0m Upper end pulls into the grid of 3.0m*3.0m from stainless steel silk, then puts nylon wire above；

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

First Year early March, from the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 3.0m*1.0m, digs out Seedling in each whole good ridge ground Hole, and put, in hole, the farmyard manure about 0.5kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the tuber processing is kept flat, thin sand and soil 2-3cm is covered on tuber surface, pours Moisture, then it is covered with thin sand and soil 2-3cm, it is then covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, removes Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 30cm, it is plugged and climbs up by holding on to thing, with soft band rope, Seedling is fixed on and climbs up by holding on on thing, promote it and give birth to upwards Long, it is allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu of use 1% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, pours at Seedling 10cm and applies, every 10 days once, in conjunction with Anti- nematicide carries Seedling 3 times；Attention control droop and mosaic virus simultaneously；

(4) plantation of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)

First Year mid-April, select to cultivate the tissue culture Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling of a year in booth as seedling, after seedling chooses, by spacing in the rows 15cm line-spacing 30cm digs Miao Keng, the deep 8cm in hole, the pseudobulb with tender shoots is put in cave bottom, applies mellow soil miscellaneous fertilizers about 0.2kg after cultivation, then Earthing is put down with furrow face；

(5) field final-period management

It should be noted that middle weeding, fertilising watering in good time after nursery completes；Should follow ill cure the disease, have worm parasite killing, anosis The principle then prevented, Fructus Trichosanthis are it should be noted that prevent and treat nematicide, droop and mosaic virus, and note pollinating to Fructus Trichosanthis；Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling It should be noted that preventing and treating root rot, leaf disease speckle, cutworm, wireworm, looper, red spider, stinkbug；

The prevention and controls of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) pest and disease damage:

Aphid: give a tongue-lashing 3000 times of liquid of worm quinoline or 5000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid from 10%.

Pathogenicity test: 1-3 instar larvae phase dispenser should be rested in, larva is contained the phase of sending out and prevented and treated, available health is wide, 20% killing chrysanthemum 3000 times of liquid of ester, 6000 times of liquid of mite-killing pesticide, 500 times of liquid of metaflumizone are sprayed, and above medicament only makees reference, such as this worm in this year Occur serious, also can be selected for other efficient pesticides and prevented and treated.

Aulacophora femoralises, that is, be commonly called as Huang woman, and this worm adult and larva can be caused harm, and larva aims at harmful root, adult in soil Feeding habits are miscellaneous, food leaf, tender shoots, floral organ, and Herb can be made when serious dead.May starts spawning, prevention and controls: bloom on Fructus Trichosanthis Before can be selected for wooden dipper first enemy, or 1000 times of liquid of 0% Rogor or other boil on the nape opposite the mouth medicaments prevented and treated.

Melon vine Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, the withered rattan of host is processed, and digs ovum, and hook kills larva, catches adult, to fresh defecation in the hole injection 50% enemy 50 times of liquid of dichlorvos cream or dip in cotton balls and fill in the hole, also can put into 0.2 gram of aluminum phosphide tablet or insertion aluminum phosphate poison into channel Label are fumigated, or are killed with carrying out hook under sharp thin wire diagonal stabbing 3-5.

Anthrax, can use 600 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, Prochloraz 500 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of 70% Mancozeb, 75,%00 bacterium Clear 600 times of liquid, and the chemical control such as benzene first, Fluoxastrobin, will upper and lower blade be sprayed onto during spraying, melon and fruit also to be sprayed, anti-every 7 days Control once, anti-3-4 effect is preferred it is proposed that Multiple Pesticides are used alternatingly.

Bacterial angular leaf spot, in their early stage or stretch climing beginning phase and spray 14% 300 times of liquid of network ammonia copper, or 50% first frost copper is wettable Property 600 times of liquid of powder, or 77% can kill 400 times of liquid are prevented and treated, even anti-3-4 time, additionally can use 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times of liquid etc. are prevented and treated.

Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) prevention and controls:

Cutworm, wireworm can manual catching and killing and trapping, or with the pouring of 700 times of liquid of 50% phoxim baythion cream；

Looper, red spider, stinkbug insect pest can be sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 90% metrifonate or 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor.

(6) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit just can be harvested for crocus by blue-stain, harvest in batches, take out seed and flesh fermentation 24-48 hour is treated Wash, remove after cleaning and dry；

(7) Second Year Fructus Trichosanthis and Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth management

Before freezing in the winter time, cut off the long vines in Fructus Trichosanthis top, only stay the vines of 0.5-1m length from the ground to coil on the ground, Every plant covers a mound, high about 30 centimetres, cold-proof survive the winter, next early April in spring, push mound aside, emerged growth with profit；Wiping out vines While, remove all leaves on steel wire climing；Winter freeze before the layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae insulation of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling hole top, and layer overlay Thin film carries out water-proofing treatment；Next early April in spring, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae and thin film, emerged growth with the sharp Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)；Pour every year later in good time Water, intertillage, fertilising, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, winter protection.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of implantation methods of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), comprise the following steps:

(1) selection of land, site preparation

Select sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, has water source and the good soil of draining is as garden ground；

By the garden choosing ground tilling depth 20-30cm, before turning over, mu applies the fertilizer 1000-1500kg becoming thoroughly decomposed, high-load sulphuric acid K composite fertilizer 10-15kg, after deep ploughing, field is organized into row spacing 2.5-3.0m, the seedbed of the high 20-30cm in ridge, and flat treating is ploughed in ridge face Transplant；

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis are transplanted or emerged, found cement in ground by the standard of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m Column, column upper end pulls into the grid of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m from stainless steel silk, then puts nylon wire above；

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

First Year early March, from the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 2.5-3.0m*0.9-1.0m, in each whole good ridge ground Dig out Seedling hole, and put, in hole, the farmyard manure about 0.5-1kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the tuber processing is kept flat, thin sand and soil 2- is covered on tuber surface 3cm, pours moisture, then is covered with thin sand and soil 2-3cm, is then covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, removes Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 0.3-0.5 rice, be plugged and climb up by holding on to thing, Seedling is fixed on is climbed up by holding on on thing with soft band rope, promote its to Upper growth, is allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu with 1-2% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, pours and applies, every 7-10 at Seedling 5-10cm It once carries Seedling 3-4 time in conjunction with anti-nematicide；Attention control droop and mosaic virus simultaneously；

(4) plantation of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)

First Year mid-April, select to cultivate the tissue cultured seedling of a year in booth as seedling, after seedling chooses, by spacing in the rows 12～ 18cm line-spacing 26～30cm digs Miao Keng, the deep 8～12cm in hole, the pseudobulb with tender shoots is put in cave bottom, applies mellow soil miscellaneous fertilizers about after cultivation 0.2-0.5kg, then earthing is flat with furrow face；

(5) field final-period management

It should be noted that middle weeding, fertilising watering in good time after nursery completes；Should follow ill cure the disease, have worm parasite killing, anosis The principle then prevented, Fructus Trichosanthis are it should be noted that prevent and treat nematicide, droop and mosaic virus, and note pollinating to Fructus Trichosanthis；Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling It should be noted that preventing and treating root rot, leaf disease speckle, cutworm, wireworm, looper, red spider, stinkbug；

(6) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit just can be harvested for crocus by blue-stain, harvest in batches, take out seed and flesh fermentation 24-48 hour is treated Wash, remove after cleaning and dry；

(7) Second Year Fructus Trichosanthis and Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth management

Before freezing in the winter time, cut off the long vines in Fructus Trichosanthis top, only stay the vines of 0.5-1m length from the ground to coil on the ground, Every plant covers a mound, high about 30 centimetres, cold-proof survive the winter, next early April in spring, push mound aside, emerged growth with profit；Wiping out vines While, remove all leaves on steel wire climing；Winter freeze before the layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae insulation of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) Seedling hole top, and layer overlay Thin film carries out water-proofing treatment；Next early April in spring, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae and thin film, emerged growth with the sharp Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)；Pour every year later in good time Water, intertillage, fertilising, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, winter protection.