CN108040769B - Method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and chinaberry - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and chinaberry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and chinaberry, and particularly relates to a biological prevention and control method in a polygonatum sibiricum planting process, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a1, covering composite soil with the thickness of 4-7 cm on the leveled cultivated land, and arranging a plurality of drainage channels; a2, digging planting pits with the pit depth of 6-8 cm on a cultivated land according to the row spacing of 35-50 cm and the plant spacing of 20-30 cm for deeply burying rhizoma polygonati tuberous roots; b2, planting mint seedlings and chinaberry seedlings in the gap between two adjacent embedded rhizoma polygonati massive roots, planting the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings in a row, wherein the row spacing between the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 8-17 cm; the invention prevents sealwort seedlings from being bitten by pests and invading by pathogenic fungi by interplanting mint and chinaberry, improves the yield of sealwort, ensures that the planted sealwort is more environment-friendly and nontoxic, and has no side effect on eaters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological prevention and control method in a polygonatum sibiricum planting process, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and chinaberry.
Background
Rhizoma polygonati is also named: rhizoma Polygonati, herba Elsholtziae Pendulifoliae, rhizoma Gynurae Divaricatae, rhizoma Zingiberis recens, and radix Codonopsis Lanceolatae. Is a plant of Polygonatum with transverse rhizome, cylindrical shape and enlarged nodule. The impeller is raw and has no handle. The medicinal plant has the functions of invigorating spleen, moistening lung and promoting fluid production. Rhizoma Polygonati is the general term for rhizome of various plants of Polygonatum of Liliaceae. More than 30 kinds exist in China. 3 plants of rhizoma polygonati, polygonatum cyrtonema and polygonatum kingianum are regulated from pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China to be used as original medicine sources. As a common medicinal material, the sealwort has the functions of improving immunity, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, resisting bacteria, viruses and tumors, and the like, and has wide development prospect in the aspects of developing new medicines, developing health-care products and the like.
The sealwort is a Chinese herbal medicine for both medicine and food, has wide application range, and thus the market demand is greatly increased. Due to the limited number of wild polygonatum sibiricum, large-scale artificial planting of polygonatum sibiricum has appeared in the market, but the problem also comes with the wild polygonatum sibiricum. In the process of planting rhizoma polygonati by the traditional technology, the rhizoma polygonati seedlings are often bitten by cutworms and grubs, the growth of the rhizoma polygonati seedlings is seriously influenced, and even the death of rhizoma polygonati plants is caused, so that the yield of rhizoma polygonati is influenced. In order to prevent rhizoma polygonati from being bitten by cutworms, grubs and other insect pests in the planting process and prevent black spot, leaf spot and anthracnose caused by pathogenic fungus infection, farmers often apply chemical agents, and the chemical agents can be accumulated on the rhizoma polygonati all the year round. After the food is eaten by consumers, the food can not play a role in preserving health and consolidating the constitution, but the health is affected. Therefore, innoxious biological control and prevention are realized by innovating the sealwort cultivation technology, which is a difficult point that technical personnel urgently need to overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and chinaberry, which has the advantages that polygonatum sibiricum seedlings are prevented from being bitten by pests and invaded by pathogenic fungi by interplanting mint and chinaberry, the yield of polygonatum sibiricum is improved, the planted polygonatum sibiricum is more environment-friendly and nonhazardous, and no side effect is caused to eaters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for interplanting mint and chinaberry to prevent and control diseases and insect pests of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
s01 cultivation land pretreatment
a1, deeply ploughing the farmland by 7-12 cm, irrigating the farmland to a distance of 3-4 cm from the surface of the farmland, discharging water after two weeks, and naturally airing the soil of the farmland until the soil is soft;
b1, spreading hay on the air-dried farmland, and leveling the farmland after the hay is fully burnt out;
c1, covering composite soil with the thickness of 4-7 cm on the leveled cultivated land, and arranging a plurality of drainage channels;
s02 interplanting of mint and chinaberry
a2, digging planting pits with the pit depth of 6-8 cm on a cultivated land according to the row spacing of 35-50 cm and the plant spacing of 20-30 cm for deeply burying rhizoma polygonati tuberous roots;
b2, planting mint seedlings and chinaberry seedlings in the gap between two adjacent embedded rhizoma polygonati massive roots, planting the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings in a row, wherein the row spacing between the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 8-17 cm;
c2, digging a trench with the depth of 3-5 cm in the gap between the polygonatum sibiricum and the mint seedling for sowing mint seeds; digging a trench with the depth of 3-5 cm in the gap between the rhizoma polygonati and the chinaberry seedlings for sowing chinaberry seeds;
d2, covering dried and sterilized pine needles or crop straws above the planting pits with the blocky roots of the polygonatum sibiricum;
s03, field management
a3, turning over the pine needles or crop straws every 2-4 days by farmers, spraying garlic water decoction on the pine needles or crop straws, naturally drying, covering, and recording the growth condition of the rhizoma polygonati massive roots;
b3, replacing the pine needles or crop straws covered on the rhizoma polygonati massive roots every 20-25 days by farmers;
c3, spraying a medicinal material root Daling solution once every 8-12 days when the blocky roots of the sealwort germinate to grow seedlings, wherein each plant is sprayed with 2-3 ml each time;
d3 when the leaves of the seedlings of herba Menthae and cortex Meliae can block sunlight, the pine needles or crop straw can be discarded.
Wherein, the grower kills the worm eggs of the insects such as cutworms, grubs and the like through the pretreatment of the cultivated land, prevents the polygonatum from being bitten by the subsequent adults, and can effectively inhibit the formation of pathogenic fungi, increase the fertilizer efficiency of the soil and promote the growth of the polygonatum through burning hay and covering compound soil after the cultivated land is air-dried. After the cultivated land is pretreated, biological insect expelling is realized by interplanting the mint and the melia azedarach which are easy to survive, so that polygonatum plants are prevented from being bitten by pests and diseases, and meanwhile, the melia azedarach trees are tall and have luxuriant branches and leaves, so that a shaded growth space can be created for polygonatum, and the method is more suitable for the growth of polygonatum. After the polygonatum rhizome root block is planted, a grower can find whether adults or ova exist on the farmland in time through systematic field management, and sprays garlic water boiling liquid on pine needles or crop straws to sterilize or inhibit the influence of pathogenic fungi, so that the planted polygonatum rhizome is more ecological and environment-friendly because no pesticide reagent is used while a healthy growth environment is created for the polygonatum rhizome, and is suitable for long-term and reassuring eating by consumers.
Preferably, in the step b1, the hay includes at least one of crop stalks, camphor leaves and wormwood. The hay preferably adopts crop straws, camphor leaves and wormwood, the crop straws, the camphor leaves and the wormwood can bring rich nitrogen and potassium elements to soil after being combusted, and meanwhile, a proper amount of wormwood and camphor leaf ash remains in the soil to inhibit the breeding of pathogenic fungi or worm eggs, so that the growing environment of the sealwort is healthier.
Preferably, in the step c1, the composite soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of volcanic ash, 15-20 parts of apatite powder, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30-50 parts of loam and 10-20 parts of garlic boiled liquid. The volcanic ash contains sulfur elements, so that the breeding of pathogenic fungi or worm eggs in soil can be inhibited, the bacteriostatic action is achieved, and a small amount of volcanic ash does not influence the growth of the sealwort; the garlic decoction can also have antibacterial effect.
Preferably, the loam is sterilized at high temperature in step S03.
Preferably, in step a1, water is irrigated to a distance of 4cm from the surface of the cultivated land.
Preferably, in the step a3, the mass fraction of solute in the garlic boiled liquid is not less than 30%.
Preferably, in the step c3, the solubility of the Gentianling solution is 0.1 mol/L.
Preferably, in step c3, the farmer sprays 2ml of each plant every 10 days.
Preferably, in the step a2, after the cut of the blocky root of polygonatum sibiricum is disinfected by potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, the hay ash in the step b1 is smeared until the hay is completely coated, and then the hay is buried in a planting pit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, a grower kills worm eggs of cutworms, grubs and other pests by pretreating cultivated land, prevents subsequent adults from biting sealwort, and can effectively inhibit the formation of pathogenic fungi, increase the fertilizer efficiency of soil and promote the growth of sealwort by burning hay and covering compound soil after the cultivated land is air-dried. After the cultivated land is pretreated, biological insect expelling is realized by interplanting the mint and the melia azedarach which are easy to survive, so that polygonatum plants are prevented from being bitten by pests and diseases, and meanwhile, the melia azedarach trees are tall and have luxuriant branches and leaves, so that a shaded growth space can be created for polygonatum, and the method is more suitable for the growth of polygonatum. After the polygonatum rhizome root block is planted, a grower can find whether adults or ova exist on the farmland in time through systematic field management, and sprays garlic water boiling liquid on pine needles or crop straws to sterilize or inhibit the influence of pathogenic fungi, so that the planted polygonatum rhizome is more ecological and environment-friendly because no pesticide reagent is used while a healthy growth environment is created for the polygonatum rhizome, and is suitable for long-term and reassuring eating by consumers.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for interplanting mint and chinaberry to prevent and control diseases and insect pests of rhizoma polygonati comprises the following steps:
s01, the cultivated land pretreatment realizes the sterilization and disinfection of the cultivated land soil
a1, because the eggs are generally 6-9 cm underground, deeply ploughing the cultivated land by 10cm, and irrigating water to 4cm away from the surface of the cultivated land, so that the whole cultivated land is completely submerged, and the eggs can be killed. Discharging water after two weeks, and naturally drying the cultivated land soil until the soil is soft so as to facilitate subsequent sowing;
b1, spreading mixed hay in the crop straws, camphor leaves and wormwood on the air-dried farmland, after the hay is fully burnt out, uniformly mixing the hay ash with the soil, and then leveling the farmland;
c1, covering 5cm thick composite soil prepared by blending volcanic ash, apatite powder, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium sulfate, loam and garlic decoction on the leveled farmland, and arranging a plurality of drainage channels on the farmland;
s02 interplanting herba Menthae and fructus Toosendan for biologically expelling parasite
a2, digging planting pits with pit depth of 7cm on the cultivated land according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm for deeply burying rhizoma polygonati massive roots; before the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots are planted in the pit, the incision of the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots is disinfected by adopting a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, and the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots are buried in the planting pit after being coated with the hay ash in the step b1 until being completely coated, so that the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots are prevented from being rotten due to the infection of pathogenic fungi in soil at the incision.
b2, planting mint seedlings and chinaberry seedlings in the gaps between two adjacent embedded rhizoma polygonati massive roots, planting the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings according to a row of mint seedlings and a row of chinaberry seedlings, wherein the row spacing between the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 12 cm;
c2, digging a trench with the depth of 4cm in the gap between the polygonatum sibiricum and the mint seedling for sowing mint seeds; digging a trench with the depth of 4cm in the gap between the rhizoma polygonati and the chinaberry seedlings for sowing chinaberry seeds; when the mint seeds and the chinaberry seeds planted in the trench emerge, farmers can fill up the mint seedlings or the chinaberry seedlings in real time according to actual conditions.
d2, covering dried and sterilized pine needles or crop straws above the planting pits with the blocky roots of the polygonatum sibiricum;
s03, field management is carried out so that farmers can find worm eggs in cultivated land in time
a3, turning over the pine needles or crop straws every 3 days by farmers, spraying garlic water decoction on the pine needles or crop straws, naturally drying, covering, and recording the growth condition of the rhizoma polygonati massive roots;
b3, replacing the pine needles or crop straws covered on the rhizoma polygonati massive roots every 22 days by farmers;
c3, spraying a medicinal material rhizomadryvine root solution once every 10 days when the rhizome tuberous roots germinate to grow seedlings, wherein each plant is sprayed with 3ml each time;
d3 when the leaves of the seedlings of herba Menthae and cortex Meliae can block sunlight, the pine needles or crop straw can be discarded. When the blocky rhizome seedlings grow out, and the leaves of the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings can shield sunlight, pine needles or crop straws covered on the rhizome seedlings can be taken off, so that the rhizome seedlings contact part of light, and the rhizome seedlings can produce nutrients for the seedlings through photosynthesis.
Test example 1
The planting technicians begin to plant polygonatum sibiricum by applying the method provided in example 1 in 2015 at 3-15. Selecting cultivated land with fertile soil in a planting test area and surrounded by ridges all around, planting 500 polygonatum plants according to the method provided by the embodiment 1, recording the growth data of the polygonatum every 3 months, and preparing a statistical table in 2017, 3 months and 15 days as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistic table of investigation results of rhizoma Polygonati plants affected by insect and insect bite and pathogenic fungi invasion
As can be seen from table 1, no disease occurs within 3 months after the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots are planted, after 3 to 12 months of planting, as polygonatum rhizome seedlings grow gradually, the situation that the seedlings of individual polygonatum rhizome plants are bitten is caused, and the individual plants are bitten by cutworms until the 15 th month after planting, but the biting rate of cutworms is very low, until the 24 th month after the polygonatum rhizome tuberous roots are planted, the disease rate is only 3%, the biting rate of cutworms is only 2%, and the biting rate of grubs is only 1%, therefore, compared with the traditional polygonatum rhizome planting method, the interplanting planting method provided by the invention has a very significant effect of preventing and controlling the biological biting, and further greatly improves the yield of polygonatum rhizome.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting the mint and the melia azedarach is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s01 cultivation land pretreatment
a1, deeply ploughing the farmland by 7-12 cm, irrigating the farmland to a distance of 3-4 cm from the surface of the farmland, discharging water after two weeks, and naturally airing the soil of the farmland until the soil is soft;
b1, spreading hay on the air-dried farmland, and leveling the farmland after the hay is fully burnt out;
c1, covering composite soil with the thickness of 4-7 cm on the leveled cultivated land, and arranging a plurality of drainage channels;
s02 interplanting of mint and chinaberry
a2, digging planting pits with the pit depth of 6-8 cm on a cultivated land according to the row spacing of 35-50 cm and the plant spacing of 20-30 cm for deeply burying rhizoma polygonati tuberous roots;
b2, planting mint seedlings and chinaberry seedlings in the gap between two adjacent embedded rhizoma polygonati massive roots, planting the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings in a row, wherein the row spacing between the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 8-17 cm;
c2, digging a trench with the depth of 3-5 cm in the gap between the polygonatum sibiricum and the mint seedling for sowing mint seeds; digging a trench with the depth of 3-5 cm in the gap between the rhizoma polygonati and the chinaberry seedlings for sowing chinaberry seeds;
d2, covering dried and sterilized pine needles or crop straws above the planting pits with the blocky roots of the polygonatum sibiricum;
s03, field management
a3, turning over the pine needles or crop straws every 2-4 days by farmers, spraying garlic water decoction on the pine needles or crop straws, naturally drying, covering, and recording the growth condition of the rhizoma polygonati massive roots;
b3, replacing the pine needles or crop straws covered on the rhizoma polygonati massive roots every 20-25 days by farmers;
c3, spraying a medicinal material root Daling solution once every 8-12 days when the blocky roots of the sealwort germinate to grow seedlings, wherein each plant is sprayed with 2-3 ml each time;
d3 when the leaves of the mint seedlings and the chinaberry seedlings can block sunshine, the pine needles or the crop straws can be abandoned;
wherein, the composite soil comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of volcanic ash, 15-20 parts of apatite powder, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30-50 parts of loam and 10-20 parts of garlic decoction;
in step b1, the hay includes at least one of crop stalks, camphor leaves and wormwood.
2. The method for controlling pests and diseases of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting peppermint and chinaberry according to claim 1, wherein the loam is sterilized at high temperature in step S01.
3. The method for controlling pests and diseases of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting peppermint and chinaberry according to claim 1, wherein in step a1, water is irrigated to a distance of 4cm from the surface of the cultivated land.
4. The method for controlling pests and diseases of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and melia azedarach according to claim 1, wherein in the step a3, the mass fraction of solute in the garlic decoction is not less than 30%.
5. The method for controlling pests and diseases of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting mint and melia azedarach according to claim 1, wherein in step c3, the solubility of the Gentianling solution is 0.1 mol/L.
6. The method for controlling pests and diseases of polygonatum sibiricum by interplanting peppermint and chinaberry according to claim 1, wherein in step c3, the farmer sprays 2ml of the plant every 10 days.
7. The method for interplanting mint and chinaberry to prevent and control diseases and insect pests of rhizoma polygonati according to claim 1, wherein in the step a2, the cut of the rhizome of polygonatum is disinfected by a potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 0.1mol/L, and then the hay ash in the step b1 is coated until the cut is completely coated, and then the cut is buried in a planting pit.
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| CN109042109A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-21 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | A kind of method of hayashishita peppermint cultivation |
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