CN114431093A - High-ridge cultivation method for konjak - Google Patents
High-ridge cultivation method for konjak Download PDFInfo
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- CN114431093A CN114431093A CN202210120112.5A CN202210120112A CN114431093A CN 114431093 A CN114431093 A CN 114431093A CN 202210120112 A CN202210120112 A CN 202210120112A CN 114431093 A CN114431093 A CN 114431093A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-ridge konjak cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s10, selecting a forest land with soil texture suitable for growth of the konjak; s20, sterilizing the konjak seeds, and then cultivating the konjak in a forest; s30, controlling the average forest land canopy density to be 40-60% during the growth period of the konjak through technical measures of pruning branches and leaves or supplementing plants and seeds. The method controls the canopy density of the forest land to be between 40 and 60 percent through simple pruning or supplementary planting and reseeding measures, so that the canopy density which is most suitable for the growth of the konjak is achieved, and the method is simple in technology, low in cost and convenient to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a high-ridge cultivation method for konjak.
Background
At present, konjak (Amorphophallus) is a perennial tuber crop, and the growth of the konjak needs a certain degree of stasis and likes the negative. Soluble hemicellulose glucomannan rich in tubers is a high-quality product in human seventh nutrient cellulose, and the processed product konjac refined powder is widely applied to various fields of food, medicine, petroleum, chemical industry, environmental protection, aerospace and the like. In recent years, the market at home and abroad has more and more demands on the konjak and the processed products thereof, and the konjak is in a basic pattern of short supply and short demand.
Konjak is shady, cannot resist direct light of strong light, and is beneficial to photosynthesis and growth of the konjak, but the insect damage in forest areas is serious, the insect damage and the disease are positively correlated, and the konjak is easily damaged by the disease and the insect in production. Soft rot is easy to obtain in production, no specific medicament can be used for preventing and treating the soft rot at present, and large-scale outbreak of the disease causes the yield of the konjak to be reduced and even the konjak is extremely harvested. The existing cultivation method of the konjak is to drill a deep groove or drill a deep pit, and the drainage performance and the ventilation effect are poor, so that the disease and insect pest risk is increased; in cultivation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are generally applied by combining soil deep ploughing, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers and the pesticides is low. The existing cultivation method is complex to operate, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the existing artificial shading and light-transmitting technology is high in cost and is not beneficial to popularization and planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-ridge konjak cultivation method, which solves at least one technical problem in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-ridge konjak cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s10, selecting a forest land with soil texture suitable for growth of the konjak;
s20, sterilizing the konjak seeds, and then cultivating the konjak in a forest;
s30, controlling the average forest land canopy density to be 40-60% during the growth period of the konjak through technical measures of pruning branches and leaves or supplementing plants (trees and crops).
The method controls the canopy density of the forest land to be between 40 and 60 percent through simple pruning or supplementary planting and reseeding measures, so that the canopy density which is most suitable for the growth of the konjak is achieved, and the method is simple in technology, low in cost and convenient to popularize and apply.
Further, in step S30, when the density of the forest land is too high, the canopy density of the forest land is reduced by pruning branches and leaves or by intermediate cutting;
when the density of the forest land is too small, the canopy density of the forest land is increased by replanting trees or high-stalk crops.
Further, the crops are corns and the like.
Further, the forest land is a broad-leaved forest, a coniferous forest or a coniferous and broad mixed forest;
alternatively, the forest land is an economic forest or a fruit forest.
Further, in the step S20, when performing the sterilization treatment, a seed disinfectant is prepared, the konjac seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours, and then the konjac seeds are spread out and aired for 1 day, so that the surfaces of the konjac seeds shrink.
Further, in step S20, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and kasugamycin are blended in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a disinfection concentrated mixed solution; diluting the concentrated disinfection mixed solution by 800 times by using water to obtain the seed disinfection solution.
The soft rot of konjak is a common bacterial disease of konjak, seeds are easy to be diseased, and wounds (natural cracks, burns, insect injuries, mechanical injuries and the like) and skins of the seeds often contain soft rot bacteria. For example, the konjak seeds are easy to cause large-area outbreak of soft rot due to improper disinfection treatment, bacteria on the surfaces of the seeds can be eliminated by preparing seed disinfection solution for seed soaking and airing, and the occurrence of the soft rot is greatly reduced.
Further, step S10 includes:
and step S11, comprehensively ploughing the forest land to a ploughing depth of 20-25cm, and harrowing and finely harrowing the soil.
Further, in step S20, the konjac is planted at intervals in rows in the sowing direction; the konjak is planted in a staggered manner on two adjacent lines, so that ventilation, light transmission and later-period management are facilitated.
Further, step S20 includes the following steps:
s21, before sowing, sowing marked lines can be scattered along the sowing direction by using quick lime; and the sowing direction or the sowing marked line is vertical to the contour line;
s22, applying the insecticide and the bactericide along the seeding marked lines;
s23, selecting strong konjak seeds to be planted at intervals along two sides of the sowing marking, wherein the distance between the konjak seeds and the sowing marking is 10-15 cm; the konjak seeds at the two sides of the sowing marking line are arranged in a staggered mode in the direction of the sowing marking line, the planting distance is determined according to the size of the seeds, the plant distance of the first generation of konjak seeds is 10-15cm, the plant distance of the second generation of konjak seeds is 20-30cm, and the plant distance of the third generation of konjak seeds is 35-45 cm;
s24, soil is extracted from the outer edges of the two sides of the konjak seeds, and then the soil is covered on the konjak seeds to form a ridge with the height of 6-12 cm;
s25, forming a groove-shaped furrow between every two adjacent ridges, applying mixed farmyard manure in the furrow, and then covering soil on the mixed farmyard manure and leveling the mixed farmyard manure with the ridge surface.
Wherein the mixed farmyard manure comprises 1000 parts of farmyard manure and 1 part of micro-fertilizer by weight.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the pesticide and/or bactericide is intensively applied in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface.
The soil pest is a common overwintering place of the soil pest, wherein the soil pest mainly comprises grubs, cutworms and the like, and the soil pest eats roots, tubers and stems of the konjak, so that the problems of slow growth of the konjak, hollow and hollow tubers, death of the stems, diseases and the like occur, and the yield and the quality of the konjak are seriously influenced.
In the prior agriculture, pesticides and farmyard manure are mostly applied to deeply ploughed soil in a broadcasting way, the pesticides and the farmyard manure are applied too deeply or too shallowly and too dispersedly, in the application, the pesticides and the farmyard manure are intensively applied to a soil layer of 6-12cm, and through investigation and experiment comparison, the application has better effect of eliminating grubs and cutworms; meanwhile, the pesticide for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak is applied to the periphery of the konjak seeds, so that the harm of the soft rot of the konjak can be obviously reduced, and the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort can be achieved.
Further, the pesticide is a mixed pesticide which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 parts of mancozeb and 5 parts of phoxim.
Further, the pesticide is applied in an amount of 1.0-1.5kg per acre.
Further, the bactericide is a mixed bactericide pesticide which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 7 parts of carbendazim and 3 parts of Chunlei and copper oxychloride.
Furthermore, the dosage of the bactericide applied is 0.8-1.0kg per mu.
Further, in step S25, before applying the mixed farmyard manure, the insecticide and bactericide is applied to the bottom of the furrow.
Or detecting underground diseases and insect pests regularly during the growth period of the konjak, and applying the insecticide or the bactericide in a drip irrigation mode according to the actual conditions of the diseases and the insect pests, or applying the insecticide or the bactericide in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface by using a pesticide application device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-ridge cultivation method of the konjak provided by the invention controls the canopy density of the forest land to be between 40 and 60 percent through simple pruning or supplementary planting and reseeding measures, thereby achieving the canopy density which is most suitable for the growth of the konjak. And performing seed disinfection treatment and ridging cultivation to achieve optimum canopy closure degree for konjak growth and high-efficiency cultivation.
The invention also discloses a method for planting the underground pests in the soil, which comprises the steps of applying the insecticidal and bactericidal pesticide on the ground surface, placing konjak seeds, covering soil and ridging, applying the insecticidal and bactericidal agent (namely the pesticide) and the farmer mixed fertilizer in the furrows and then covering the soil, thereby artificially creating an activity area favored by the underground pests at the bottoms of the furrows, arranging the activity area in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface, leading the underground pests to enter the trap area with high probability when crawling underground, and improving the disinsection effect and efficiency. Meanwhile, the bactericide for preventing and treating the soft rot is intensively applied around the konjak seeds, so that the incidence rate of the soft rot of the konjak is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for planting konjak under forest in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of ridge surface planting in an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the furrow shown in fig. 2;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a furrow in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of a pesticide application apparatus in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic layout view of the pesticide applying device in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the high-ridge cultivation method for konjac provided in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) selecting walnut forest lands suitable for growth of konjac;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out comprehensive tillage on a forest land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the tillage depth is 25cm, and meanwhile, harrowing, leveling and finely harrowing soil;
(3) sowing the seed marking lines at a position 30cm away from the edge of the land by using quicklime, wherein the sowing direction is vertical to the contour line;
(4) the second generation of robust konjak seeds are selected to be placed 12cm away from the quicklime marked line, the seeds on the two sides of the marked line are planted in a staggered mode, and the distance between the konjak plants is 25cm, so that ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and later-period management is facilitated.
(5) Referring to fig. 2-3, a ridge 10 with a height of about 10.5cm is formed on the konjac seeds by soil-lifting and covering the konjac seeds along the outer edges of the konjac seeds, and a 'concave' groove, namely a furrow 11, is formed between the two ridges 10. Furrow 11 has a depth h of about 10.5 cm. The width of the ridge 10 is set according to requirements, and is generally 10-20 cm.
(6) Applying mixed farmyard manure 21 in the furrow 11, mixing the mixed farmyard manure 21 according to the proportion that 1 kilogram of micro-fertilizer is added into 1 ton of farmyard manure, and covering a soil layer 22 on the mixed farmyard manure 21 after finishing the fertilization.
(7) A drip irrigation system can be paved above the ridge surface 10a, the distance between drippers of the drip irrigation system is 50cm, and drip irrigation is started to thoroughly water after planting is finished;
(8) selecting a fertilizer required by the growth of the konjak, preferably a water-soluble fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K of 10 to 15 to 10 so as to be beneficial to the growth of tubers, and fertilizing the water-soluble fertilizer by drip irrigation;
(9) during the growth period of the konjak, the harm of grubs and cutworms occurs, and a phoxim aqueous solution is diluted by 800 times and irrigated to the periphery of the konjak root by drip irrigation; the soft rot is found to be irrigated to the periphery of the root of the konjak by drip irrigation by selecting chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and kasugamycin which are diluted by 800 times according to the ratio of 1: 1;
(10) during the growth period, the forest land canopy density is controlled to be 50-60% by technologies such as pruning or reseeding.
Wherein, optionally, before applying the farmyard manure, the insecticide and the bactericide are applied in the furrow 11, and then the farmyard manure is covered above the pesticide. I.e. the pesticide is intensively applied to the bottom in the furrow 11.
The pesticide comprises: 5 parts of mancozeb and 5 parts of phoxim, and the mancozeb and the phoxim are applied to the left side of the marked line, and each mu is about 1.0 kg; the bactericide comprises: 7 parts of carbendazim and 3 parts of Chunlei and King copper are applied to the right side of the marked line, and each mu is about 1.0 kg.
This application is through setting up furrow 11 in konjaku one side or both sides, apply insecticide 20 (preventing and control the pesticide promptly) in furrow 11, earthing behind the mixed fertilizer of peasant family, thereby at 11 bottom manual works of furrow an activity area that underground pest liked, set up one promptly and caught the trap, underground pest can be detained for a long time in this region, thereby absorb insecticide 20 more and be killed, apply prevention and cure soft rot around the konjaku kind taro simultaneously and mix germicide, effectively prevent and treat konjaku soft rot.
In addition, the region is arranged in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface, the depth is a region where underground pests are more frequently emerged, and when the underground pests crawl underground, the underground pests enter the trap region approximately (the probability is close to 100 percent unless the underground pests always crawl at the bottom of the ridge 10 along a straight line), so that the disinsection effect and the disinsection efficiency are improved. Compared with experiments, the pesticide is applied to the bottoms of the furrows, so that the underground pest and disease hazard rate is reduced by 60-90%, and the yield of the konjak is increased by 10-30%.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
referring to fig. 4, insecticide 20 (i.e., pesticide) is not applied to the bottom of furrow 11 in advance. In the embodiment, after applying farmyard manure, underground pest and disease damage is detected periodically (such as 1-2 times per week) every week during the growth period of rhizoma Amorphophalli, and pesticide or bactericide 20 is applied by drip irrigation or pesticide application device according to actual pest and disease damage
Referring to fig. 5, the pesticide application device 40 includes: a tube 41, a water sensitive element 44 and a spring 42; the water sensitive element 44 is made of a water sensitive material; the water sensitive elements 44 are in a disc shape, and a plurality of water sensitive elements 44 can be slidably inserted into the tube cavity of the tube body 41; the insecticidal or bactericidal agent 20 is filled between two adjacent water sensitive elements 44. The upper end of the tube body 41 is closed, and the lower end is provided with a medicament discharge hole 41a for connecting the inside and the outside of the tube body 41; the spring 42 is disposed within the body 41 above the lumen, with the lower end of the spring 42 abutting the uppermost water sensitive element 44, and the spring 42 operating in compression tending to force the water sensitive element 44 and the insecticidal or bactericidal agent 20 downwardly.
Wherein, the water sensitive element 44 is made of water sensitive material, and is melted rapidly or gradually and slowly after meeting water, so as to expose the pesticide or bactericide 20 in the tube cavity, and the pesticide or bactericide 20 is also gradually applied to the bottom of the furrow 11 through the medicament discharge hole 41 a.
Referring to fig. 6, the pesticide application devices 40 are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the furrow 11, and the density and the interval can be set according to the amount of the pesticide to be applied.
The water sensitive elements 44 form a plurality of drug storage chambers, and the drug storage chambers can store the same kind of insecticide or bactericide 20, and can be filled with different kinds of insecticide or bactericide 20 or other medicaments. The outer circumferential side of the water sensitive element 44 is fitted with the inner side wall of the tube body 41, so that the sealing degree between the two is improved, and the insecticide or bactericide 20 is prevented from overflowing before the water sensitive element 44 is dissolved.
Compared with the common drip irrigation or the embodiment 1, the application amount of the insecticidal or bactericidal agent 20 in the embodiment is controllable and adjustable, the insecticidal or bactericidal agent can be applied according to needs, and the application range is controllable, so that the use amount of the insecticidal or bactericidal agent 20 is greatly reduced, and the environment is protected. The konjak belongs to perennial tuber crops, has a long growth period, can be applied with the insecticide or the bactericide 20 for a plurality of times according to the needs, and has good effect and low cost; the putting time of the insecticide or bactericide 20 can be adjusted according to different growth periods of different insect pests, and different medicaments can be put in different seasons, so that the medicament putting amount is reduced, and the purpose is achieved, and the work is doubled.
And, the tubular body 41 preferably includes upper and lower halves that are threadably connected to facilitate later replacement of the insecticidal or germicidal agent 20 and the water sensitive element 44; and the bottom of the spring 42 can be provided with a piston plate 43, and the insecticidal or bactericidal agent 20 and the water sensitive element 44 are pushed by the piston plate 43.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-ridge cultivation method of konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, selecting a forest land with soil texture suitable for growth of the konjac;
s20, sterilizing the konjak seeds, and then cultivating the konjak in a forest;
s30, controlling the average forest land canopy density to be 40-60% during the growth period of the konjak through technical measures of pruning branches and leaves or supplementing plants and seeds.
2. The high-ridge cultivation method of konjak according to claim 1, wherein in step S30, when the density of the forest land is too high, the canopy density of the forest land is reduced by pruning branches and leaves or by intermediate cutting;
when the density of the forest land is too small, the canopy density of the forest land is increased by replanting trees or high-stalk crops.
3. The high-ridge konjak cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the crop is corn or the like.
4. The high-ridge konjak cultivation method of claim 1, wherein in the sterilization treatment in step S20, a seed disinfectant is prepared, the konjak seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours, and then spread and aired for 1 day to shrink the surface of the konjak seeds, and ultraviolet sterilization is performed.
5. The high-ridge cultivation method for konjak according to claim 4, wherein in step S20, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid and kasugamycin are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a sterilized concentrated mixed solution; and diluting the concentrated disinfection mixed solution by 800 times by using water to obtain the seed disinfection solution.
6. The high-ridge cultivation method of konjak according to claim 1, wherein in step S20, the konjak is planted at intervals in rows in the sowing direction; the konjak is planted in a staggered manner on two adjacent lines, so that ventilation, light transmission and later-period management are facilitated.
7. The high-ridge cultivation method of konjak according to claim 1, wherein step S20 includes the steps of:
s21, before sowing, sowing marked lines can be scattered along the sowing direction by using quick lime; and the sowing direction or the sowing marked line is vertical to the contour line;
s22, applying insecticidal and bactericidal agents along the seeding marked lines;
s23, selecting strong konjak seeds to be planted at intervals along two sides of the sowing marking, wherein the distance between the konjak seeds and the sowing marking is 10-15 cm; the konjak seeds at the two sides of the seeding marking line are arranged in a staggered way in the direction of the seeding marking line;
s24, soil is extracted from the outer edges of the two sides of the konjak seeds, and then the soil is covered on the konjak seeds to form a ridge with the height of 6-12 cm;
s25, forming a groove-shaped furrow between every two adjacent ridges, applying mixed farmyard manure in the furrow, and then covering soil on the mixed farmyard manure and leveling the mixed farmyard manure with the ridge surface.
8. The high-ridge konjak cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of: the insecticide and the bactericide are intensively applied in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface.
9. The high-ridge cultivation method of konjak as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S25, before applying the mixed farmyard manure, insecticide or bactericide is applied to the bottom of the furrow.
10. The high-ridge konjak cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein underground pest and disease conditions are periodically detected during the growth of konjak, and the insecticide and/or bactericide is applied by drip irrigation according to actual conditions of the pest and disease conditions, or the insecticide and/or bactericide is applied by a pesticide application device in a soil layer 6-12cm below the ground surface.
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