CN110558183A - double-row strip-planting secondary ridge-making cultivation method for konjak - Google Patents
double-row strip-planting secondary ridge-making cultivation method for konjak Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558183A CN110558183A CN201910852328.9A CN201910852328A CN110558183A CN 110558183 A CN110558183 A CN 110558183A CN 201910852328 A CN201910852328 A CN 201910852328A CN 110558183 A CN110558183 A CN 110558183A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a double-row strip-planting and secondary ridge-making cultivation method for konjak. The double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for konjak comprises the following steps: A. selecting land; B. disinfecting soil; C. seed selection; D. sterilizing the seed taro; E. sowing; F. fertilizing; G. ridging and managing soil moisture; H. weeding; I. covering; J. controlling pests and diseases; K. digging the diameter of the konjak ball. The method has the advantages of high emergence rate, high fertilizer utilization rate, one-time fertilization, good drainage effect, good ventilation and light transmittance, low disease incidence rate, low labor input, high commodity taro bulb expansion rate, time and labor saving for planting and mechanized harvesting during digging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a double-row strip-planting and secondary ridge-making cultivation method for konjak.
Background
Konjak (Amorphophallus) is a special economic crop, rich in soluble hemicellulose Glucomannan (KGM) is a superior product in human seventh nutrient cellulose, and a processed product of konjak fine powder is widely applied to various fields of food, medicine, petroleum, chemical industry, environmental protection, aerospace and the like. With the rapid rise and development of the health field and the environmental protection field, the global demand for the primary processed product of konjak is continuously increased in recent years, and the trade of the refined konjak flour is a basic pattern of short supply and short demand. Because konjak is highly infected with Erwinia carotovora (Erwinia carotovorubsp. carotovora (Jones) Bersey et al.), namely konjak soft rot, no effective medicament is used for preventing and treating at present, and frequent large-scale outbreaks of diseases cause the yield of konjak commodity potatoes to be reduced and even be dead.
The existing cultivation method of the konjak manages the moisture of the soil firstly, then digs a deep groove or digs a deep pit on the moisture surface for planting, uses the bottom of the groove or the bottom of the pit for placing the fertilizer, has complex operation procedures, is not beneficial to drainage, ventilation and light transmission, is not beneficial to the utilization of the fertilizer and is not beneficial to digging, and the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The planting with the soil moisture is adopted, the drainage is poor, the ventilation and the light transmission are poor, and the occurrence of diseases is heavy. The existing fertilizing method for the konjak takes fertilizer applied on the bottom layer of the konjak as a main part, the base fertilizer is applied below seeds before sowing, the seedlings are easy to burn due to improper operation, and the quick-acting fertilizers such as nitrogen, potassium and the like are greatly lost due to 30-80 days from sowing to seedling emergence of the konjak, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low. In the prior cultivation method, the middle and later stage topdressing period is just in the third period of konjak head changing, the konjak root system grows in a large amount and is mainly 5-15 cm below the surface layer of soil, and the konjak root system and leaves are easily damaged by fertilization at the moment, so that the occurrence of diseases is aggravated. When the konjak is dug, the konjak corms are easy to damage, and the mechanical harvesting is not facilitated. Due to the fact that the existing konjak cultivation method is limited by adverse factors such as serious disease occurrence, low fertilizer utilization rate, large labor amount and the like, the konjak planting area is not changed greatly for many years.
disclosure of Invention
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the double-row strip-planting secondary ridge-making cultivation method for the konjak, which has the advantages of high emergence rate, high fertilizer utilization rate, one-time fertilization, good drainage effect, good ventilation and light transmittance, low disease incidence rate, less labor input, high bulbodium expansion rate of the commercial konjak, time and labor saving for planting, and capability of being mechanically harvested during digging, and effectively solves the problem of konjak planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for konjak comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting soil with a plough layer of more than 30cm, good drainage and a pH value of 6.0-7.5 for the planting field; loam or sandy loam plot with fertile soil texture, high organic matter content and loose soil texture;
B. Soil disinfection: removing field sundries 15-30 days before planting, uniformly scattering 40-50 kg of quicklime on the soil surface per mu, deeply turning over a soil layer of 30-40 cm, raking finely-divided soil, and fully drying the soil in the sun;
C. seed selection: selecting seed taro with consistent size, plump appearance, shallow bud nest and no pest damage;
D. seed taro disinfection:
a. Sun-drying seeds: placing the seed taro under the sunlight for irradiating for 1-2 days 15-20 days before sowing;
b. and (3) disinfection: mixing 1000-1500 times streptomycin and 500 times 50% carbendazim solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a disinfectant, and soaking smaller seed tubers with the weight of less than or equal to 30g of each seed tuber by a seed soaking disinfection method, namely soaking the seed tubers of the konjac in the disinfectant for 30min, taking out the seed tubers, filtering the liquid medicine, and airing; spraying larger seed taros with the weight of more than or equal to 30 g/seed taros by using a spraying method, namely spreading the seed taros by using the disinfectant, uniformly spraying the spread seed taros until the surfaces of the seed taros are wet, airing and drying, then turning over and spraying, repeating the steps for 2 times and airing;
E. seeding
a. Sowing seed marks: after the field is leveled, 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate is used per mu, straight lines are scattered along the gentle slope direction or the drainage direction, and the spacing between the annual first-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 0.9-1.1 m, the spacing between the biennial second-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 1.1-1.2 m, and the spacing between the three annual third-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 1.2-1.3 m; meanwhile, 2-3 kg of phoxim granules are scattered on the seeding marked lines per mu to control underground pests;
b. Placing the seed taro: placing seed taros along two sides of the seeding marked line, wherein the bud eyes of the konjac incline at an angle of 45 degrees and are placed in a crossed and empty mode towards the outer side of the seeding marked line; the first generation of the taro seeds are 10cm away from the seeding marked line, the planting distance is 15cm, the planting density per mu is 7000-9000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 80-100 kg; the second-generation seed taro is 10-15 cm away from the seeding marking line, the planting distance is 25-30 cm, the planting density per mu is 3500-4000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 400-500 kg; the third generation of taro seeds are 15-25 cm away from the seeding marking line, the plant spacing is 35-40 cm, the planting density per mu is 2500-3000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 500-600 kg;
c. covering with soil: placing the seed taros, then covering the seed taros with outside soil lifting soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-10 cm, forming an outside drainage ditch after covering the soil, and reserving a fertilizing groove at the middle sowing line to form a soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove;
F. Fertilizing: thoroughly mixing 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu just before the konjak sprouts come out of the soil, and then spreading the mixture in a fertilizing tank;
G. ridging and managing soil moisture: after fertilization, covering the soil in the outer side ditch with solid fertilizer, and making the soil into a deep ditch with a high ridge furrow surface, wherein the furrow surface is 50-70 cm wide, the ditch width is 40-60 cm, and the ridge top to the ditch bottom is more than or equal to 30 cm;
H. weeding: under the premise of keeping the surface of the soil moist, 60ml of 90% acetochlor missible oil and 60kg of water mixed with 100ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil to control weeds;
I. covering: covering pine needles or straws on the surface of the dead soil 3-5 days after the herbicide is sprayed, wherein the covering thickness is 3-5 cm;
J. And (3) pest control: after 50% of leaves are developed after the emergence of the konjac, streptomycin, organic carbendazim, konjac disinfectant and sterilization agent are alternately used, sprayed at intervals of 7-10 days to prevent and control diseases, and continuously sprayed for 4 times; after the leaves of the konjak are spread, the insecticide is used for spraying the whole field of the konjak to prevent and control insect damage; when diseased plants are found, digging out the diseased plants to be far away from the konjak planting land and deeply burying the diseased plants, covering digging points with quicklime, compacting the digging points with soil, and spreading the quicklime around the digging points to prevent germs from spreading;
K. digging the konjak ball diameter: digging 15-20 days after the petioles are fallen, and digging from two sides of the ridge during digging to avoid damaging the corms.
The seed taro is whole taro, the specification is 5-15 g of annual first generation seed taro, 30-150 g of biennial second generation seed taro and 150-250 g of three-year third generation seed taro.
the contents of P and K in the potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer are respectively P2O5And K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2the mass part ratio of O is 12: 9: 22.
comparative test of the present invention with the existing cultivation method
1. test method
1.1 summary of test sites: in the walnut forest of the county Ping Dian county Ninghe village Commission, the elevation is 1980m, the walnut forest is a 9-year-old walnut tree, the sun shading rate is about 60%, the plough layer is more than or equal to 30cm, the slope of the forest land is less than or equal to 3 degrees, the drainage is good, sandy loam with the soil pH value of 6.8 is planted in 3.1 mu.
1.2 test varieties: the two-year-old second-generation konjac seeds are selected, and the weight of each seed is 114 g.
1.3 experimental design: the invention is compared with the traditional technology.
1.4 test methods: the test is that seeding is carried out 3 months and 28 days in 2018, three points are selected for each cultivation method, 100 plants are planted in each point in total for investigating growth period, emergence rate and morbidity, and the test is carried out on digging and measuring yield in 10 months and 25 days in 2018.
2. Test results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different cultivation methods on the emergence stage and rate of emergence of Amorphophallus konjac
as can be seen from the table 1, the seedling emergence time of the method is about 2 ~ 3 days earlier than that of the traditional technology, and the difference among other periods is small, which shows that the method adopts high ~ ridge double ~ row planting, the soil covering layer for covering the taro for the first time is thinner than that of the traditional technology, and the temperature rise and the emergence of the konjac buds are facilitated.
As can also be seen from the table 1, the emergence rates are very different, the emergence rate of the invention is up to 97.74% on average, the emergence rate of the traditional technology is 93.41%, and the traditional technology covers the soil with too deep thickness, which affects the germination, even the seed rot, etc.
2.2 Effect of different cultivation methods on the morbidity and the yield of Amorphophallus konjac
As can be seen from table 2, there was a very significant difference in incidence. The data show that the morbidity of the traditional Chinese medicine is lower than that of the traditional technology in different periods, particularly after 8 months, the increase range of the morbidity of the traditional technology is large, the morbidity of the traditional technology reaches 16.56% after 8 months and 30 days, and the morbidity of the traditional Chinese medicine is only 4.56% and is 12% lower. The invention adopts high-ridge double-row planting, is not easy to accumulate water, has good ventilation effect and reduces the morbidity.
it can also be seen from table 2 that there is a very significant difference in the yield, which is 91.44% higher than 67.22% of the conventional technique by 24.22 percentage points. The method is not beneficial to drainage, has high disease death rate and has more rotten seeds in the later period.
2.3 influence of different planting methods on the yield of Amorphophallus konjac
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the traditional technology, the yield of the taro is greatly different from the yield of the taro in large area, the yield of the taro in small area and the comprehensive yield, the yield of the taro in large area is 1912.9kg, and the yield of the taro in large area is increased by 542.4 kg and is increased by 39.55 percent compared with 1371.4kg of the traditional technology. The yield per mu of the taro is 194.8kg, and is increased by 56.9 kg and 41.22 percent compared with the yield per mu of 138.0kg in the prior art. The comprehensive yield of the invention is 2107.8kg, which is increased by 598.5kg and 39.65 percent compared with 1509.3kg of the prior art. And the harvesting multiplying power also has very obvious difference, the harvesting multiplying power of the invention is 4.68, and the harvesting multiplying power of the traditional technology is 3.35.
as can be seen from Table 3, compared with the conventional art, the single weight of the taro and the expansion rate of the taro are slightly higher than those of the conventional art, but no significant difference exists.
2.4 comparison of labor input for different planting methods
as can be seen from Table 4, the labor investment of the present invention is significantly reduced compared to the conventional art, and the total labor investment is reduced by about 7 working days. In the sowing process, the cultivation method of firstly sowing, then managing the soil moisture and then fertilizing is adopted, and the traditional technology has complex operation procedures and more labor input than the cultivation method. The invention adopts a secondary soil culture method, so that 1 working day is increased in labor compared with the traditional technology, but the invention reduces the late-stage additional fertilization and uses 2 working days less in labor compared with the traditional technology. The advantage of the invention in reducing labor input is most obvious in that during collection, as the traditional technology adopts planting by digging deep grooves or deep pits under the soil moisture, the collection and digging are time-consuming and labor-consuming and easy to damage the bulb diameter of the konjak, the invention adopts placing seeds on the ground, the konjak bulbs are positioned at the middle upper part of the ridge, the collection and digging only need to dig from two sides of the ridge, the konjak can be easily dug out and the bulbs are not easy to damage, so that only half of the traditional cultivation method is needed in the collection and digging working days.
3. summary of the tests
Compared with the existing cultivation method, the double-row strip cultivation secondary cultivation method for the konjak has greater advantages.
1. by adopting the konjak cultivation method, the emergence time is about 3 days earlier than that of the existing cultivation method, and the emergence rate is improved by 4.33 percent than that of the existing cultivation method.
2. compared with the existing cultivation method, the cultivation method of the konjak reduces the morbidity by 12.00 percent and improves the yield of commercial konjak by 24.22 percent.
3. by adopting the konjak cultivation method, the comprehensive yield is improved by 39.65 percent compared with the existing cultivation method.
4. by adopting the cultivation method of the konjak, the labor input is reduced by about 7 working days. Compared with the traditional konjak cultivation method
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Has the advantages that:
1. The method has the advantages of high emergence rate, high fertilizer utilization rate, one-time fertilization, good drainage effect, good ventilation and light transmittance, low disease incidence rate, low labor input, high commodity taro bulb expansion rate, time and labor saving for planting and mechanized harvesting during digging.
2. the seedling emergence time is earlier by 2 d-3 d, and the seedling emergence rate is average 97.74%.
3. the method comprises the steps of firstly sowing the sowing line, arranging seed covering soil along two sides of the sowing line, planting in double rows, applying base fertilizer when the konjak sprouts are about to emerge, and managing to form sharp-ridge-shaped high soil moisture.
4. The method arranges seeds along the seeding line, realizes double-row high-ridge planting, and has the advantages of good drainage effect, strong ventilation and light transmittance, obvious konjak growth side-row effect, higher yield and lighter diseases.
5. The invention applies the fertilizer once before the konjak sprouts, reduces the loss of the quick-acting fertilizer, and simultaneously considers the requirements of the konjak growth in the middle and later periods on the fertilizer. The fertilizer cost is 550 yuan per mu on average, which is 15.38 percent lower than that of the traditional method. Avoids topdressing to damage the root system and the leaves of the konjak, thereby aggravating the occurrence of diseases.
6. The method for forming the ridges after the seed selection and sowing is adopted, and the konjak is planted on the high ridges on the ground surface, so that the picking and digging of the konjak are facilitated.
7. the invention adopts the method of sowing firstly, then managing the soil moisture, fertilizing once and hilling twice, and has simple operation and less labor input.
8. the invention utilizes sunlight to kill partial germs on the surface of the seeds, accelerates dehydration of the seeds and conversion of nutrients thereof, and improves the germination rate of the taro seeds;
9. After the herbicide is sprayed, pine needles or straws are covered on the soil moisture surface to preserve heat and moisture and prevent weed from growing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of spreading and seeding marking lines and arranging seeds by calcium superphosphate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the direction of seed placement and fertilization cultivation for covering pine hair.
1. the method comprises the following steps of sowing marked lines, 2 seed placing positions, 3 field surface layers, 4 first soil taking positions, 5 first soil hilling positions, 6 fertilizers, 7 second soil taking positions, 8 second soil hilling positions and 9 covering layers.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for konjak comprises the following steps:
A. Selecting land: selecting a Hankok Jia group of the Han Councis of the countryside of Pingxiang county, New Pingxian county, with an altitude of 2080m, a walnut forest of 9-year-old walnut trees, a sun-shading rate of about 50%, a plough layer of more than or equal to 30cm, a forest land slope of less than or equal to 3 degrees, good drainage, sandy loam with a soil pH value of 6.8, and a planting area of 30 mu;
B. Soil disinfection: removing field impurities 15 days before planting, uniformly scattering 40kg of quicklime on the soil surface per mu, mechanically deeply turning over a soil layer of 30cm, raking finely-divided soil, and fully drying the soil in the sun;
C. seed selection: selecting annual generation seed taro with consistent size, full appearance, shallow bud pit and no pest damage, wherein the seed taro is whole taro, the average unit weight of the seed taro is 8.8g, and the seed amount of each mu is 80 kg;
D. seed taro disinfection:
a. sun-drying seeds: placing the seed taro under the sunlight for irradiating for 1d 15-20 d before sowing;
b. and (3) disinfection: mixing 1000 times streptomycin and 500 times 50% carbendazim solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a disinfectant, soaking the konjac seeds in the disinfectant for 30min, taking out the konjac seeds, filtering out the liquid medicine, airing and placing the konjac seeds in a hard basket for seed treatment;
E. sowing, wherein the sowing time is 28 days in 3 months in 2018 to 6 days in 4 months in 2018;
a. sowing seed marks: after the field is leveled, 20kg of calcium superphosphate is used per mu, straight lines are scattered along the gentle slope direction or the direction beneficial to water drainage, and the distance between seeding marking lines is 0.9-1.1 m; simultaneously, 2kg of phoxim granules are scattered on the sowing marked lines per mu to prevent and control the soil insects;
b. Placing the seed taro: placing seed taros along two sides of the seeding marked line, wherein the bud eyes of the konjac incline at an angle of 45 degrees and are placed in a crossed and empty mode towards the outer side of the seeding marked line; the distance between the sowing marked lines is 10cm, the planting distance is 15cm, the planting density per mu is 7000-9000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 80-100 kg;
c. Covering with soil: placing the seed taros, then covering the seed taros with outside soil lifting soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-10 cm, forming an outside drainage ditch after covering the soil, and reserving a fertilizing groove at the middle sowing line to form a soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove;
F. fertilizing: applying fertilizer in 5 months and 14 days, and adding sulfur into 300kg of commercial organic fertilizer (total nutrient is more than or equal to 5%) per mu30kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed and then is scattered into a fertilizing tank, and the contents of P and K in the potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer are respectively expressed as P2O5and K2o meter, N, P2O5And K2the mass part ratio of O is 12: 9: 22;
G. ridging and managing soil moisture: after fertilization, covering the soil in the outer side ditch with solid fertilizer, and making the soil into a deep ditch with a high ridge furrow surface, wherein the furrow surface is 50cm wide, the ditch width is 40cm, and the ridge top to the ditch bottom is more than or equal to 30 cm;
H. weeding: after raining for 23 days in 5 months, 60ml of 90% acetochlor missible oil and 100ml of 33% pendimethalin mixed with 60kg of water are uniformly sprayed on the soil surface to control weeds when the surface soil is wet per mu;
I. covering: covering pine needles on the soil moisture surface in 2018 for 5 months and 27 days, wherein the covering thickness is 3-5 cm, so as to preserve heat and moisture and prevent weed growth;
J. and (3) pest control: after 50% of leaves are developed after the emergence of the konjac, streptomycin, organic carbendazim, konjac disinfectant and sterilization agent are alternately used, sprayed at intervals of 7-10 days to prevent and control diseases, and continuously sprayed for 4 times; after the leaves of the konjak are spread, the insecticide is used for spraying to prevent and control insect damage to the whole field of the konjak and walnut forest; when diseased plants are found, digging out the diseased plants to be far away from the konjak planting land and deeply burying the diseased plants, covering digging points with quicklime, compacting the digging points with soil, and spreading the quicklime around the digging points to prevent germs from spreading;
K. digging the konjak ball diameter: digging should be carried out 15d after the petioles are fallen, and digging is carried out from two sides of the ridge during digging, so as to avoid injuring corms. The yield per mu is 1046kg of konjak, and the harvesting multiplying power is 13.1 times.
Example 2
The double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for konjak comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting a group below a Tara community in an ancient city street of Xinping county, intercropping with corn, wherein the altitude is 1940m, the depth of a cultivated layer is more than or equal to 30cm, the drainage is good, sandy loam with the soil pH value of 6.8 is planted for 1.2 mu;
B. Soil disinfection: removing field impurities 20 days before planting, uniformly scattering 50kg of quicklime on the soil surface per mu, mechanically and deeply turning over a 35cm soil layer, raking finely-divided soil, and fully drying the soil in the sun;
C. seed selection: selecting two-year-old second-generation seed taro with consistent size, full appearance, shallow bud pit and no pest damage, wherein the seed taro has the average weight of 117g and the seed amount per mu is 400 kg;
D. seed taro disinfection:
a. Sun-drying seeds: placing the seed taro under the sunlight for irradiating for 2 days 15-20 days before sowing;
b. and (3) disinfection: 3 days before sowing, mixing 1200 times of streptomycin and 50% of carbendazim 500 times of liquid according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a disinfectant, spraying the seed taro by using the disinfectant, namely spreading the seed taro, uniformly spraying the disinfectant until the surface of the seed taro is wet, airing the seed taro, turning over the seed taro for spraying, repeating the steps for 2 times, airing the seed taro, and filling the seed taro in a hard frame for sowing;
E. Sowing: seeding in 2018, 3 months and 22 days
a. Sowing seed marks: after the field is leveled, 25kg of calcium superphosphate is used per mu, straight lines are scattered along the gentle slope direction or the direction beneficial to water drainage, and the distance between seeding marking lines is 1.1-1.2 m m; simultaneously, 2.5kg of phoxim granules are scattered on the sowing marked lines per mu to prevent and control the soil insects;
b. placing the seed taro: planting corn with one furrow every two furred konjak plants for shading, placing seed taro along two sides of the seeding marking, inclining the sprout eye of the konjak by an angle of 45 degrees and placing konjac seed taro in a crossed and empty way towards the outer side of the seeding marking; planting taros at a distance of 10-15 cm from the sowing marking line, at a plant distance of 25-30 cm, at a planting density of 3500-4000 per mu and at a seed quantity of 400-500 kg per mu;
c. Covering with soil: placing the seed taros, then covering the seed taros with outside soil lifting soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-10 cm, forming an outside drainage ditch after covering the soil, and reserving a fertilizing groove at the middle sowing line to form a soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove;
F. fertilizing: adding 50kg of potassium sulfate type high potassium compound fertilizer into 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu after fully mixing for 18 days in 5 months, and then spreading the mixture into a fertilizing tank, wherein the contents of P and K in the potassium sulfate type high potassium compound fertilizer are respectively calculated as P2O5and K2O meter, N, P2O5And K2The mass part ratio of O is 12: 9: 22;
G. Ridging and managing soil moisture: after fertilization, covering the soil in the outer side ditch with solid fertilizer, and making the soil into a deep ditch with a high ridge furrow surface, wherein the furrow surface is 60cm wide, the ditch width is 50cm, and the ridge top to the ditch bottom is more than or equal to 30 cm;
H. weeding: after 5 months and 21 days of rain, 60ml of 90% acetochlor missible oil and 100ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil are mixed with 60kg of water per mu on the premise of keeping the surface layer of the soil wet, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil to control weeds;
I. Covering: covering the soil moisture surface with straws with the thickness of 3-5 cm after spraying the herbicide for 3-5 days;
J. and (3) pest control: after 50% of leaves are developed after the emergence of the konjac, streptomycin, organic carbendazim, konjac disinfectant and sterilization agent are alternately used, sprayed at intervals of 7-10 days to prevent and control diseases, and continuously sprayed for 4 times; after the leaves of the konjak are spread, insecticide is used for spraying the whole field of the konjak and the corn to prevent and control insect damage; when diseased plants are found, digging out the diseased plants to be far away from the konjak planting land and deeply burying the diseased plants, covering digging points with quicklime, compacting the digging points with soil, and spreading the quicklime around the digging points to prevent germs from spreading;
K. Digging the konjak ball diameter: digging 20 days after the petioles are fallen, and digging from two sides of the ridge during digging to avoid damaging the corms. The yield per mu is 2438kg of konjak, and the harvesting multiplying power is 6.1 times.
Example 3
The double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for konjak comprises the following steps:
A. selecting land: selecting a group below the Tara community in the ancient city street of Xinping county, wherein the altitude is 1940m, the depth of a plough layer is more than or equal to 30cm, the drainage is good, sandy loam with the soil pH value of 6.8 is planted in the area of 2.6 mu;
B. Soil disinfection: removing field impurities 30 days before planting, uniformly scattering 50kg of quicklime on the soil surface per mu, mechanically deeply turning over a soil layer of 40cm, raking finely-divided soil, and fully drying the soil in the sun;
C. Seed selection: selecting three-year-old three-generation seed taro with consistent size, full appearance, shallow bud pit and no pest damage, wherein the average unit weight of the seed taro is 189g, and the seed consumption per mu is 550 kg;
D. seed taro disinfection:
a. Sun-drying seeds: placing the seed taro under the sunlight for irradiating for 2 days 15-20 days before sowing;
b. and (3) disinfection: 3 days before sowing, mixing 1500 times of streptomycin and 50% carbendazim 500 times of liquid according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a disinfectant, spraying the seed taro by using the disinfectant, namely spreading the seed taro evenly, spraying the seed taro till the surface of the seed taro is wet, airing the seed taro, turning over the surface for spraying, repeating the steps for 2 times, airing the seed taro, and filling the seed taro in a hard frame for sowing;
E. Sowing: 23/3/2018
a. Sowing seed marks: after the field is leveled, 30kg of calcium superphosphate is used per mu, straight lines are scattered along the gentle slope direction or the direction beneficial to water drainage, and the distance between seeding marking lines is 1.2-1.3 m; 3kg of phoxim granules are scattered on the seeding marked lines per mu to control the soil insects;
b. Placing the seed taro: placing seed taros along two sides of the seeding marked line, wherein the bud eyes of the konjac incline at an angle of 45 degrees and are placed in a crossed and empty mode towards the outer side of the seeding marked line; planting taros at a distance of 15-25 cm from the sowing marking, at a plant distance of 35-40 cm, at a planting density of 2500-3000 plants per mu, and at a seed quantity of 500-600 kg per mu;
c. Covering with soil: placing the seed taros, then covering the seed taros with outside soil lifting soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-10 cm, forming an outside drainage ditch after covering the soil, and reserving a fertilizing groove at the middle sowing line to form a soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove;
F. fertilizing: thoroughly mixing 3000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu just before the konjak sprouts come out of the soil, and then spreading the mixture in a fertilizing tank;
G. Ridging and managing soil moisture: after fertilization, covering the soil in the outer side ditch with solid fertilizer, and making the soil into a deep ditch with a high ridge furrow surface, wherein the furrow surface is 70cm wide, the ditch width is 60cm, and the ridge top to the ditch bottom is more than or equal to 30 cm;
H. weeding: after 5 months and 21 days of rain, 60ml of 90% acetochlor missible oil and 100ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil are mixed with 60kg of water per mu on the premise of keeping the surface layer of the soil wet, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil to control weeds;
I. covering: covering the soil moisture surface with the straws with the covering thickness of 3-5 cm after 5 months and 25 days;
J. And (3) pest control: after 50% of leaves are developed after the emergence of the konjac, streptomycin, organic carbendazim, konjac disinfectant and sterilization agent are alternately used, sprayed at intervals of 7-10 days to prevent and control diseases, and continuously sprayed for 4 times; after the leaves of the konjak are spread, the insecticide is used for spraying the whole field of the konjak to prevent and control insect damage; when diseased plants are found, digging out the diseased plants to be far away from the konjak planting land and deeply burying the diseased plants, covering digging points with quicklime, compacting the digging points with soil, and spreading the quicklime around the digging points to prevent germs from spreading;
K. digging the konjak ball diameter: digging 20 days after the petioles are fallen, and digging from two sides of the ridge during digging to avoid damaging the corms. Yield per mu of the konjak is 3042kg, and the harvesting multiplying power is 5.53 times.
Claims (3)
1. the double-row strip-planting and double-ridging cultivation method for the konjac is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. selecting land: selecting soil with a plough layer of more than 30cm, good drainage and a pH value of 6.0-7.5 for the planting field; loam or sandy loam plot with fertile soil texture, high organic matter content and loose soil texture;
B. Soil disinfection: removing field sundries 15-30 days before planting, uniformly scattering 40-50 kg of quicklime on the soil surface per mu, deeply turning over a soil layer of 30-40 cm, raking finely-divided soil, and fully drying the soil in the sun;
C. Seed selection: selecting seed taro with consistent size, plump appearance, shallow bud nest and no pest damage;
D. Seed taro disinfection:
a. sun-drying seeds: placing the seed taro under the sunlight for irradiating for 1-2 days 15-20 days before sowing;
b. and (3) disinfection: mixing 1000-1500 times streptomycin and 500 times 50% carbendazim solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a disinfectant, and soaking smaller seed tubers with the weight of less than or equal to 30g of each seed tuber by a seed soaking disinfection method, namely soaking the seed tubers of the konjac in the disinfectant for 30min, taking out the seed tubers, filtering the liquid medicine, and airing; spraying larger seed taros with the weight of more than or equal to 30 g/seed taros by using a spraying method, namely spreading the seed taros by using the disinfectant, uniformly spraying the spread seed taros until the surfaces of the seed taros are wet, airing and drying, then turning over and spraying, repeating the steps for 2 times and airing;
E. Seeding
a. sowing seed marks: after the field is leveled, 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate is used per mu, straight lines are scattered along the gentle slope direction or the drainage direction, and the spacing between the annual first-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 0.9-1.1 m, the spacing between the biennial second-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 1.1-1.2 m, and the spacing between the three annual third-generation seed taro sowing marking lines is 1.2-1.3 m; meanwhile, 2-3 kg of phoxim granules are scattered on the seeding marked lines per mu to control underground pests;
b. Placing the seed taro: placing seed taros along two sides of the seeding marked line, wherein the bud eyes of the konjac incline at an angle of 45 degrees and are placed in a crossed and empty mode towards the outer side of the seeding marked line; the first generation of the taro seeds are 10cm away from the seeding marked line, the planting distance is 15cm, the planting density per mu is 7000-9000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 80-100 kg; the second-generation seed taro is 10-15 cm away from the seeding marking line, the planting distance is 25-30 cm, the planting density per mu is 3500-4000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 400-500 kg; the third generation of taro seeds are 15-25 cm away from the seeding marking line, the plant spacing is 35-40 cm, the planting density per mu is 2500-3000 plants, and the seed consumption per mu is 500-600 kg;
c. covering with soil: placing the seed taros, then covering the seed taros with outside soil lifting soil, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 5-10 cm, forming an outside drainage ditch after covering the soil, and reserving a fertilizing groove at the middle sowing line to form a soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove;
F. fertilizing: thoroughly mixing 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 30-50 kg of potassium sulfate type high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu just before the konjak sprouts come out of the soil, and then spreading the mixture in a fertilizing tank;
G. Ridging and managing soil moisture: after fertilization, covering the soil in the outer side ditch with solid fertilizer, and making the soil into a deep ditch with a high ridge furrow surface, wherein the furrow surface is 50-70 cm wide, the ditch width is 40-60 cm, and the ridge top to the ditch bottom is more than or equal to 30 cm;
H. weeding: under the premise of keeping the surface of the soil moist, 60ml of 90% acetochlor missible oil and 60kg of water mixed with 100ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the soil to control weeds;
I. Covering: covering pine needles or straws on the surface of the dead soil 3-5 days after the herbicide is sprayed, wherein the covering thickness is 3-5 cm;
J. And (3) pest control: after 50% of leaves are developed after the emergence of the konjac, streptomycin, organic carbendazim, konjac disinfectant and sterilization agent are alternately used, sprayed at intervals of 7-10 days to prevent and control diseases, and continuously sprayed for 4 times; after the leaves of the konjak are spread, the insecticide is used for spraying the whole field of the konjak to prevent and control insect damage; when diseased plants are found, digging out the diseased plants to be far away from the konjak planting land and deeply burying the diseased plants, covering digging points with quicklime, compacting the digging points with soil, and spreading the quicklime around the digging points to prevent germs from spreading;
K. Digging the konjak ball diameter: digging 15-20 days after the petioles are fallen, and digging from two sides of the ridge during digging to avoid damaging the corms.
2. The method for double-row strip-planting and double-ridge-planting konjak cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the seed konjak is whole konjak, the specification of the whole konjak is 5-15 g of annual second generation seed konjak, 30-150 g of biennial second generation seed konjak, and 150-250 g of three-year third generation seed konjak.
3. the double row strip-planting and double ridge-making cultivation method of konjak as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the contents of P and K in the potassium sulfate type high potassium compound fertilizer are P and K, respectively2O5and K2O meter, N, P2O5and K2The mass part ratio of O is 12: 9: 22.
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| CN111201977A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Cultivation method for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak |
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| CN114402931A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Cultivation method of polygonatum kingianum under forest |
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| CN114847108A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-05 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Method for planting konjak on mountain slope |
| CN114847108B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-05-09 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Mountain slope konjak planting method |
| CN115474518A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-16 | 云南农业大学 | High-yield cultivation method for corn |
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