CN113711878A - Planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger blast - Google Patents
Planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger blast Download PDFInfo
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- CN113711878A CN113711878A CN202111051770.5A CN202111051770A CN113711878A CN 113711878 A CN113711878 A CN 113711878A CN 202111051770 A CN202111051770 A CN 202111051770A CN 113711878 A CN113711878 A CN 113711878A
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- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000276 sedentary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger blast, which comprises the following steps: firstly, fumigating and disinfecting soil; step two, ginger seed disinfection and germination acceleration; step three, selecting weak acid sandy land or loam land to plant the white ginger, introducing the water source after disinfection treatment into a fertilization pool, blending the required water and fertilizer according to the growth period of the white ginger, and then irrigating the white ginger to perform water and fertilizer integrated management; wherein, before planting, the planting plots are subjected to ditch filling treatment, and the water in the ditches is added with the compound microbial agent; and step four, preventing and treating stem and leaf diseases of the white ginger in the growing period. Through a reasonable planting method, the emergence rate of the white ginger is improved, the morbidity of the white ginger in the growth and development process is reduced, the yield of the white ginger can be effectively improved, and the yield is more than twice of that of the existing planting method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger blast.
Background
The holy basil white ginger is famous because the ginger is tender and white, has high quality, has the reputation of the Chinese white ginger, belongs to the varieties of food and medicine dual-purpose types and processing edible types, has stronger adaptability, good high yield, excellent quality and unique use value, is one of the holy basil eight treasures, and is listed as a tribute as early as the period of northern Song. The white ginger contains zingerone, gingerol, ginger oil, protein, sugar and fat, and also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, antithrombotic agent, inorganic salt and other nutrients essential to human body. The old ginger has the functions of invigorating stomach, stopping bleeding, guiding qi downward, dispelling cold, reducing phlegm, detoxifying, sweating, removing heat, seasoning vegetables, promoting appetite and the like. However, with the increasing growing of the planting area of the white ginger, the subsequent continuous cropping obstacle problem and the occurrence of various ginger blast diseases have great influence on the yield and the quality of the white ginger. Therefore, the problem of how to prevent and treat the white ginger bacterial wilt, sedentary disorder and the like is a research hotspot in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing ginger bacterial wilt, and aims to overcome continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and prevent ginger bacterial wilt and improve yield.
Based on the above purposes, the invention provides a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, fumigating and disinfecting soil;
step two, ginger seed disinfection and germination acceleration;
step three, selecting weak acid sandy land or loam land to plant the white ginger, introducing the water source after disinfection treatment into a fertilization pool, blending the required water and fertilizer according to the growth period of the white ginger, and then irrigating the white ginger to perform water and fertilizer integrated management; wherein, before planting, the planting plots are subjected to ditch filling treatment, and the water in the ditches is added with the compound microbial agent;
and step four, preventing and treating stem and leaf diseases of the white ginger in the growing period.
The soil fumigation treatment method comprises the steps of scattering the dazomet to a land to be applied with the application amount of 20-40kg per 667 square meters, deep ploughing to uniformly mix the dazomet and soil, and then covering and sealing for 15-30 days by using a film; then turning over the ground and aerating for 7-15 days.
The soil fumigation treatment method comprises the steps of deep ploughing of the ginger planting land, injecting a fumigant into a plough layer, sealing a film and opening the atmosphere in sequence and then carrying out phytotoxicity test.
The depth ploughing plough layer is 30-40cm, and the fumigant is chloropicrin or metham water; if the chloropicrin is adopted as the fumigant, 3 to 7 days before the application of the pesticide, water is poured to adjust the relative humidity of the soil: 60-80% of sandy soil and 50-65% of loam, wherein 20-50kg of chloropicrin is injected into 667 square meters, the depth of the chloropicrin injected into a plough layer is 15-30cm, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.03-0.04mm is adopted for film sealing, and the open air time is 7-15 days; if the metham aqueous solution is used as a fumigant, the metham aqueous solution is applied in a dosage of 15-40kg per 667 square meters, the greenhouse or the shed is sealed for 10-15 days after film sealing, and the soil is opened for 7-10 days after film uncovering.
The ginger seed disinfection and germination accelerating method is that the ginger seed is soaked by using a microbial agent and a chemical agent.
The method for disinfecting the water source comprises the steps of introducing irrigation water into a water tower or a water storage tank, disinfecting the water source by using a chlorine-containing preparation, and adding a filtering device at a water outlet for filtering.
The compound microbial agent comprises multiple combinations of bacillus subtilis, abamectin, fine azoxystrobin, mineral potassium fulvate, copper rosinate, trichoderma harzianum and violonyeum.
Preferably, the compound microbial agent adopts a combined microbial agent A, a combined microbial agent B or a combined microbial agent C, and the combined microbial agent A comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and abamectin; the combined microbial inoculum B comprises mineral source potassium fulvate, purple rhodosporidium and trichoderma harzianum; the combined fungicide C comprises azoxystrobin and abamectin.
In the method for integrally managing the water and the fertilizer, irrigation is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation mode, drippers are arranged at intervals of ten centimeters, one dropper is arranged in each ditch, a main pipeline is arranged on the south surface of the shed, when head water is irrigated, the water is washed with a bactericide for sterilization, and a weed killer and pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen are applied after one week; pouring second water after three days, wherein trace elements are added into the second water; watering for the third time after every five days, and timely ventilating by discharging air when the germination phenomenon occurs; pouring fourth water every ten days, and pouring three kilograms of monopotassium phosphate into each mu of land along with the water in the fourth water pouring process; and then watering once every other week until watering for the twenty fourth time, and fertilizing, sterilizing and supplementing trace elements during the watering process.
The method for preventing and treating the stem diseases of the white ginger in the growing period comprises the steps of digging out diseased plants and taking out the soil around the diseased plants out of a field for deep burying, applying 125 g of bleaching powder or pouring 1% of bleaching powder liquid in holes, and then sealing and stacking with sterile soil; the method for preventing and controlling the disease of the white ginger leaves comprises the steps of removing anthracnose and leaf blight leaves, taking the leaves out of a field and burning or burying the leaves deeply; meanwhile, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid are adopted for foliage spraying prevention and control, 1 time in 7 days and 2 times in succession.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the emergence rate of the white ginger is improved, the morbidity of the white ginger in the growth and development process is reduced, the yield of the white ginger can be effectively improved, and the yield is more than twice of that of the conventional planting method.
2. According to the invention, through a reasonable soil fumigation treatment method, the medicament utilization rate is improved, pesticide residues are reduced, the labor cost is reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced.
3. According to the method, the irrigation water source is disinfected, so that germs brought by water quality are reduced, the survival rate of the white ginger is improved, and the risk of infection of the white ginger is reduced.
4. According to the invention, the microbial agent is added in the white ginger planting process, so that the living environment of the white ginger is adjusted, the survival rate of the white ginger is improved, and the quality of the white ginger is improved.
5. According to the invention, by optimizing and improving the water and fertilizer integrated management method, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is greatly improved, and the soil moisture is kept in a relatively proper range; meanwhile, the labor intensity and the cost are reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meanings as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined.
The invention relates to a planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soil fumigation treatment:
the method comprises the following steps: the JB/T14082-2020 self-propelled fine rotary tillage pesticide application machine is used for spreading the dazomet, taking 98% dazomet microgranule as an example, the relative water content of soil is required to be 70% -75%, the JB/T14082-2020 self-propelled fine rotary tillage pesticide application machine is used for spreading 98% Longxin dazomet microgranule on a land block to be applied with pesticide according to the application amount of 20-40kg per 667 square meters (per mu of land), and meanwhile, the machine has a deep ploughing effect, the ploughing depth can reach 40cm, and the dazomet and the soil are uniformly mixed. Covering and sealing the mixture for 15 to 30 days by using a film, wherein the ground temperature is over 13 ℃; and (5) normally planting after turning the ground and opening the air for 7-15 days.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: deep ploughing the ginger planting land for 2 times, wherein the depth of a plough layer is 30-40cm, irrigating 3-7 days before pesticide application, and adjusting the relative humidity of soil: 60-80% of sandy soil and 50-65% of loam. Then, injecting a chloropicrin stock solution with 99.5 percent of active ingredient content into a plough layer by a liquid pesticide application machine for 15-30cm, wherein the consumption is about 20-50kg of chloropicrin per 667 square meters, covering a plastic film with the thickness of 0.03-0.04mm above soil, and sealing the film edge of the plastic film by using the soil to prevent gas from leaking outwards; meanwhile, pressing the bag filled with soil above the film, covering the film to fumigate for 10-30 days, removing the plastic film, opening the air for 7-15 days, carrying out phytotoxicity test, and carrying out normal planting after the phytotoxicity test.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing the ginger planting land for 2 times, wherein the thickness of a plough layer is required to reach 30-40cm, directly applying the effective components of the metham aqueous solution according to the dose of 15-40kg per 667 square meters by using a liquid application machine, completely sealing the soil surface by using a transparent film, and completely sealing a greenhouse or a greenhouse for 10-15 days; after the film is uncovered, turning the ground and opening the air for 7-10 days, carrying out phytotoxicity test, and after the phytotoxicity test is passed, normally planting.
The advantages are that: the utilization rate of the pesticide is improved, the pesticide residue is reduced, the labor cost is reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced.
(2) Ginger seed disinfection and germination acceleration:
selecting ginger seeds with long and large ginger blocks, smooth and white surface, bright color, luster, fine tissue, no diseases, no damage, no insect spot, no mildew, no deliquescence and no sweating, and no rot at the bottom; taking out the ginger seeds for airing, wherein the ginger seeds are preferably aired for two days in sunny days at the temperature of more than 15 ℃ when the weather allows. Ginger seeds are disinfected before sowing:
soaking ginger seeds: different microbial agents are used to be matched with different chemical agents to soak ginger seeds, and the general mixture ratio is microelement complex agent, sterilization (fungus) agent and insecticidal agent, or growth promoting agent and insecticidal agent. For example, metalaxyl (active ingredient 35%, drug species water ratio 1:400:400) + azoxystrobin (active ingredient 30%, drug species water ratio 1:1500:1500) + abamectin (active ingredient 2%, drug species water ratio 1:1500:1500), metalaxyl (active ingredient 35%, drug species water ratio 1:400:400) + fludioxonil (active ingredient 62.5%, drug species water ratio 1:200:200) + abamectin (active ingredient 2%, drug species water ratio 1:1500:1500), trichoderma harzianum (bacteria culture element), drug species water ratio 1:3000:3000) + bacillus subtilis (drug species water ratio 1:300:300) + abamectin (active ingredient 2%, drug species water ratio 1:1500:1500), metalaxyl (active ingredient 35%, drug species water ratio 1:400:400) + hymexazol (active ingredient 30%, drug species water ratio 1:1000:1000) + abamectin (active ingredient 2%, drug species water ratio 1:1500:1500) +, Amino-oligosaccharin (3% of effective component, 1:200:200 of medicinal seed water ratio) and abamectin (2% of effective component, 1:1500: 1500).
(3) Water source disinfection:
building a water tower or a water storage tank, introducing irrigation water into the water tower or the water storage tank, disinfecting a water source by using chlorine-containing preparations such as bleaching powder or chlorine dioxide, and additionally arranging a filtering device at a water outlet. And (5) irrigating by using an underground water source.
The advantages are that: reducing germs caused by water quality, improving survival rate of rhizoma Zingiberis recens, and reducing risk of infection of rhizoma Zingiberis recens
(4) Adding a microbial agent into the water for ditch irrigation:
mineral source potassium fulvate: 1.8kg/667 square meters of irrigation ditches, diluting 100 times. Has the function of supplementing various trace elements and nutrient components required by the growth of the white ginger.
B, bacillus subtilis: 75000 hundred million/667 square meter irrigation ditch, diluting 200 times. The action of the fertilizer can decompose heavy metal, pesticide and other residues, and can decompose organic matters in soil into fulvic acid required by plant growth.
Abamectin: 3.6g/667 square meters of irrigation ditches, and diluting by 1500 times; 9ml/667 square meter, adding 250kg water, soaking seeds for 250kg30 min. It has effect in killing mites and insects.
Azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin: and (5) irrigating the ditch with 56.4ml/667 square meters, and diluting by 1500 times. It has antifungal effect, and can be used for preventing and treating diseases caused by fungi, such as root rot and damping off.
Copper abietate: and (4) irrigating 46ml/667 square meters, and diluting 1500 times. It can be used for preventing and treating common plant diseases caused by various fungi or bacteria.
Trichoderma harzianum (bacterial culture): irrigating the ditch at 5000 hundred million/667 square meters. It is a beneficial microbial fungus that inhibits plant and soil pathogens.
Violet spore bacterium (junazolin): irrigating a ditch at 3000 hundred million/667 square meters, and diluting by 1500 times. Is a fungal fungicide for killing various plant nematodes.
The above dosage is calculated by 100 percent
The adding mode (ditch filling treatment is carried out on the white ginger planting land before planting):
the method comprises the following steps: bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and abamectin (growth promoting microbial inoculum, sterilizing (fungus) microbial inoculum and insecticidal microbial inoculum);
the second method comprises the following steps: mineral potassium fulvate, purple lilac spore bacteria, trichoderma harzianum (trace element complexing agent, insecticidal microbial agent and bactericidal (fungal) microbial agent);
the third method comprises the following steps: azoxystrobin + abamectin (bactericidal (fungal) agent + insecticidal agent).
The advantages are that: regulating the living environment of the white ginger, improving the survival rate of the white ginger and improving the quality of the white ginger.
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer integrated management: selecting weak acid sand land or loam land as the ginger land, establishing a fertilization pool, introducing the water source after disinfection and filtration treatment into the fertilization pool, blending the required water and fertilizer according to the growth period of the white ginger, and then irrigating in a drip irrigation mode. The drippers are spaced by ten centimeters, one dropper is arranged in each ditch, the length of each dropper is not more than fifty meters, the main pipeline is designed on the south side of the shed, when the shed is dry and alive, the head of the shed on the south side is opened, the damage of the bud by northern wind can be avoided, and when head water is watered, 1 bottle of cyhalothrin is flushed along with the water. One week later, the mixture is beaten into a weed killer, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen, and the ground is tightly beaten and wetted. After three days, the second water is poured, and the trace elements such as calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, boron and the like are added with the water. The sunshade net is put on after five days. Watering for the third time after 5 days, timely ventilating when the budding phenomenon is found, buckling small holes at the top of the shed, forming holes in the tea bowl according to the size of the opening, and forming one hole in every three shed strips. After 10 days, pouring fourth water, flushing 3 kilograms of monopotassium phosphate with the water, and punching. And watering for the fifth time after one week, and flushing the bactericide with water. Can be selected from copper oxychloride, copper calcium sulfate, and DUONING. The key point of the prevention and treatment is nematode, 20-20-20 macroelement water soluble fertilizer is flushed with 10 jin of water, and holes are punched. Watering for the sixth time after one week, wherein the height of the seedling is about twenty-thirty centimeters, using 60 jin of high-quality compound fertilizer, 100 jin of organic fertilizer, dotting, paying attention to leave the ginger seedling, placing soil in the shed, placing the soil completely, then spraying pesticide, selecting chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr, hexaflumuron, tebufenozide and the like to prevent borer, and selecting spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, high-chlorine fluorine and the like to prevent thrips. And watering the seventh time after one week, flushing 1000 ml of abamectin with water to prevent and control the nematodes, and punching. Pouring water for the eighth time after one week, flushing the medium trace water-soluble fertilizer and 20 jin of 20-10-30 large-element water-soluble fertilizer with the water, and punching. The shed is removed after one week, and after the shed is removed, 70 jin of compound fertilizer, 100 jin of organic fertilizer and 100 jin of bean cake are used for watering after two days. One week later, the tenth water is poured, 20 jin of 20-10-30 of large-element water-soluble fertilizer and 5 kg of monopotassium phosphate are flushed with the water. And the eleventh water is poured after one week, and 1 bottle of fosthiazate is used along with the water for preventing and treating the nematodes. One week later, the twelfth water is poured, hilling is carried out for a short time, and metalaxyl and azoxystrobin are sprayed on the base of the ginger seedlings to prevent the basal rot. 80 jin of high-quality compound fertilizer, 50 jin of organic fertilizer and 100 jin of bean cake are used. One week later, water is poured for the thirteenth time, 20 jin of large-element water soluble fertilizer is applied along with water, and pesticide is applied, trace elements and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added, and the important point is to prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and thrips. One week later, water is poured for the fourteenth time. And the fifteenth water is poured after one week, and 20 jin of 20-10-30 large-element water-soluble fertilizer is flushed along with the water. One week later, the sixteenth water is poured, 5 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for flushing with water, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used as a nematicide and a bactericide and is mainly used for preventing and treating neck rot and nematode. One week later, the soil is greatly earthed. One day later, the seventeenth time of water is poured, and a rooting agent is flushed along with the water. One week later, the eighteenth time of water is poured, and the monopotassium phosphate and 20 jin of 12-6-42 large-element water-soluble fertilizer are applied along with the water. The net was withdrawn one day later (in cloudy weather). The key control is spot and anthrax, and propiconazole, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin and other growth regulators are added. Water is poured for the nineteenth time after one week, and 20 jin of large-element water-soluble fertilizer is applied along with the water. One week later, the twentieth time is watered and the pesticide is applied to prevent and treat spot disease, leaf blight and anthracnose. The water is poured for the twenty-first time after one week, 20 jin of 12-6-42 of large-element water-soluble fertilizer and 5 kg of monopotassium phosphate are flushed with the water, and the speckles and anthracnose are prevented. One week later, the second water is poured, and 25 jin of 13.5-0-45 potassium nitrate is flushed with the water. One week later, the second thirteen times of water is poured, and 25 jin of 13.5-0-45 potassium nitrate is flushed with the water. One week later, the second fourteen times of water is poured, and 50 jin of 13.5-0-45 potassium nitrate is poured along with the water.
The advantages are that: the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is greatly improved, and the soil moisture is kept in a proper range; meanwhile, the labor intensity and the cost are reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
(6) Sterilizing the white ginger in the growing period: (1) stem diseases: timely excavating and removing the diseased plant and taking the soil around the diseased plant out of the field for deep burying, applying 125 g of bleaching powder or pouring 1% bleaching powder liquid in a hole, and then sealing and piling with sterile soil; (2) leaf diseases: the leaves with anthracnose and leaf blight are picked off in time and put in a plastic bag to be taken out of the field and burnt or buried deeply; meanwhile, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid are adopted for foliage spraying prevention and control, 1 time in 7 days and 2 times in continuous spraying, and the pesticide application is stopped 20 days before harvesting.
The following is illustrated by specific examples:
example 1
After the strawberry soil in Hebei Manchu city is treated by three methods of soil fumigation treatment, the pathogenic bacteria simulation results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 2
In the rural area, the village, two mu of land contrast test: no. 1 land (1 mu) is planted by using a local planting method, and No. 2 land (1 mu) is planted by using the technology. Wherein, the soil fumigation treatment of the No. 2 plot adopts the method 2 (chloropicrin), the ginger seed disinfection and the germination acceleration adopt Trichoderma harzianum (strain nourishing element, the ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:3000:3000), Bacillus subtilis (the ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:300:300), abamectin (the effective component is 2%, and the ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:1500: 1500); adding a microbial agent into the water for ditch irrigation by a second method: mineral potassium fulvate, purple lilac spore bacteria, trichoderma harzianum (trace element complexing agent, insecticidal microbial agent and bactericidal (fungal) microbial agent); the water source disinfectant and water and fertilizer integrated management adopts the operation. The comparison results after planting in the No. 1 land and the No. 2 land are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
| Land parcel | Rate of emergence | Incidence of disease | Yield (fresh weight) |
| Number 1 ground | 95.367％ | 52.176％ | 1132kg |
| Number 2 ground | 99.963％ | 1.325％ | 2516kg |
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing ginger blast is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, fumigating and disinfecting soil;
step two, ginger seed disinfection and germination acceleration;
step three, selecting weak acid sandy land or loam land to plant the white ginger, introducing the water source after disinfection treatment into a fertilization pool, blending the required water and fertilizer according to the growth period of the white ginger, and then irrigating the white ginger to perform water and fertilizer integrated management; wherein, before planting, the planting plots are subjected to ditch filling treatment, and the water in the ditches is added with the compound microbial agent;
and step four, preventing and treating stem and leaf diseases of the white ginger in the growing period.
2. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil fumigation treatment method comprises the steps of scattering dazomet to a land block to be applied with the pesticide according to the application amount of 20-40kg per 667 square meters, deep ploughing to mix the dazomet and the soil uniformly, and then covering and sealing for 15-30 days by using a film; then turning over the ground and aerating for 7-15 days.
3. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein the soil fumigation method is to carry out phytotoxicity test on the ginger-planted land after deep ploughing, fumigant injection into the cultivated layer, film sealing and open air in sequence.
4. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt as claimed in claim 3, wherein the deep ploughing plough layer is 30-40cm, and the fumigant is chloropicrin or metham water aqua; if the chloropicrin is adopted as the fumigant, 3 to 7 days before the application of the pesticide, water is poured to adjust the relative humidity of the soil: 60-80% of sandy soil and 50-65% of loam, wherein 20-50kg of chloropicrin is injected into 667 square meters, the depth of the chloropicrin injected into a plough layer is 15-30cm, a plastic film with the thickness of 0.03-0.04mm is adopted for film sealing, and the open air time is 7-15 days; if the metham aqueous solution is used as a fumigant, the metham aqueous solution is applied in a dosage of 15-40kg per 667 square meters, the greenhouse or the shed is sealed for 10-15 days after film sealing, and the soil is opened for 7-10 days after film uncovering.
5. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein the ginger seed disinfection and germination acceleration method is implemented by soaking ginger seeds with a microbial agent in combination with a chemical agent.
6. A planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein the water source disinfection treatment method comprises the steps of introducing irrigation water into a water tower or a water storage tank, disinfecting the water source by using a chlorine-containing preparation, and adding a filtering device at a water outlet for filtering.
7. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger blast as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises multiple combinations of bacillus subtilis, abamectin, azoxystrobin, mineral potassium fulvate, copper rosinate, trichoderma harzianum and violaxacum lilacinum.
8. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein in the method for integrally managing water and fertilizer, irrigation is carried out in a drip irrigation mode, drippers are arranged at intervals of ten centimeters, one dropper is arranged in each ditch, a main pipeline is arranged on the south surface of a shed, when first water is irrigated, sterilization is carried out along with a water-flushing bactericide, and a week later, a weed killer, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen are applied; pouring second water after three days, wherein trace elements are added into the second water; watering for the third time after every five days, and timely ventilating by discharging air when the germination phenomenon occurs; pouring fourth water every ten days, and pouring three kilograms of monopotassium phosphate into each mu of land along with the water in the fourth water pouring process; and then watering once every other week until watering for the twenty fourth time, and fertilizing, sterilizing and supplementing trace elements during the watering process.
9. The planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of white ginger and preventing and treating ginger bacterial wilt according to claim 1, wherein the method for preventing and treating the stem diseases of the growing period of white ginger is to dig out diseased plants and take the soil around the diseased plants out of a field for deep burying, apply 125 g of bleaching powder in holes or pour 1% of bleaching powder liquid, and then seal and pile the holes with sterile soil; the method for preventing and controlling the disease of the white ginger leaves comprises the steps of removing anthracnose and leaf blight leaves, taking the leaves out of a field and burning or burying the leaves deeply; meanwhile, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid are adopted for foliage spraying prevention and control, 1 time in 7 days and 2 times in succession.
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