CN103960241A - Pesticide composition and method for curing cruciferae crop clubroot - Google Patents
Pesticide composition and method for curing cruciferae crop clubroot Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960241A CN103960241A CN201410182454.5A CN201410182454A CN103960241A CN 103960241 A CN103960241 A CN 103960241A CN 201410182454 A CN201410182454 A CN 201410182454A CN 103960241 A CN103960241 A CN 103960241A
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a pesticide composition and method for curing the cruciferae crop clubroot. The pesticide composition adopts brassinolide or the mixture of brassinolide and other pesticides as an effective constituent, and comprises auxiliaries or fertilizers, wherein the brassinolide comprises one or all of natural brassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide, 22,23,24-epibrassinolide, 28-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 25-methyl-brassinolide and 14-hydroxy-brasinosteroidy; the content of the brassinolide is 0.001 percent to 0.4 percent. According to the application, brassinolide serves as a phytohormone for curing the cruciferae crop clubroot, so as to efficiently prevent the disoperation of the clubroot on a crop.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to composition pesticide field, relates in particular to a kind of composition pesticide and method of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root.
Background technology
Crop in cruciferae club root is to be infected and caused by plasmodiophora brassica bacteria (Plasmodiophorabrassicae), and dependent territory passes and seed-borne disease, is commonly called as " large root disease ", " carninomatosis ", is one of destructive disease in world wide.Club root belongs to obligatory parasitic bacteria, and contagiosity is strong, and spread speed is fast, and by way of many, difficulty of prevention and cure is large.The cause of disease of club root is the rape plasmodiophora brassicae of Mastigomycotina, is a kind of lower fungus, and germ is lost in survival in soil with resting sporangium with invalid body and survives the winter, and its vitality can keep more than 10 years.Germ spore can and be propagated in field by farming activities with invalid body, seed (seedling), irrigation water, insect, compost, farm implements.Modulation kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the grogs that carries disease germs is attached on seed, can cause seed transmission.Once soil pollutes, and by the cultivation of no longer suitable crop in cruciferae, seriously restricts particularly vegetables and the development of rape industrialization and increasing income of peasant of crop in cruciferae.After morbidity, cause the root of crop and stem Assimilation and conductivity nutrient to be obstructed, undergrowth, wilts, downgrades, output and compromised quality, so that significantly the underproduction is even had no harvest, and causes economic loss.Once club root occurs, and is considered to incurable disease, is difficult to find good medicine good recipe to prevent and treat.
The factor of bringing out club root is a lot, as: kind, seeding method, soil etc., the acid-base value that wherein greatest factor is soil, the temperature and humidity of soil.When soil pH value is 5.4-6.5, soil temperature is 18-25 DEG C, and when soil moisture is 60%-70%, the incidence of disease is the most serious.Plasmodiophora brassicae is liked acid ground, and the field morbidity of continuous cropping, acid ground field, inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application, low-lying humidity and impeded drainage is the heaviest.
This disease is mainly contaminated crop in cruciferae root, forms finger-like, corynebacterium or spherical tumour, causes root deformity.Main root top tumour is large, and as egg, lateral root tumour becomes finger-type, the little bunchiness of fibrous root tumour, and tumour starts surperficial milky, smooth, and rear browning look coarse, and be full of cracks is finally rotted smelly, and later stage root nodule browning look is easy to root-knot nematode and distinguishes.A month reveal any symptoms after the general field planting of overground part, main manifestations is growth retardation, weak, plant is short and small, and dish strain on daytime is wilted, and blade gradually flavescence is to aubergine, finally withered.
At present, also do not have specific means of prevention for club root.Conventional prophylactico-therapeutic measures has:
1, plant quarantine: forbid area from there is crucifer club root allocation and transportation brassicaceous vegetable seed, seedling and with root, with native victual.Forbid that lesion educates that dish seedling is sold or buy dish seedling from lesion, irrigate without lesion polluted water.
2, cultural control: (1) selects disease-resistant variety, cultivates anosis strong sprout.(2) carry out above rice field-upland field rotation inclusive NAND crop in cruciferae crop rotation in 5 years.(3) regulate soil acidity or alkalinity.(4) pull out in time, destroy diseased plant.(5) anosis soil bacteria seedling raising and transplanting, grows seedlings in the field that there is no disease, 6～8 leaf phase balled transplantings.(6) strengthen cultivation management, rational close planting, selects fine day field planting, adheres to the high railway carriage or compartment of zanjon, gets rid of in time field ponding.
3. chemical control: the validity according to medicament to club root and the safety to crop are screened, has filtered out the medicament safely and effectively such as fluazinam (good fortune is handsome to be obtained), cyazofamid (section is good), tpn, thiophanate methyl.
By the means of plant quarantine and cultural control, can only reduce the incidence of disease, can not stop the dip-dye of disease completely.Above-mentioned chemical agent is all generally by filling with root, sprinkle and water or the insecticide-applying way of sprinkling uses, not only waste of manpower, also water wasting.Particularly, for the inconvenient area of water intaking, greatly increase dispenser cost.The frequent use of these chemical agents, has also polluted environment simultaneously, causes residue of pesticide to exceed standard, and is finally detrimental to health.
Summary of the invention
The application's main purpose is to provide a kind of composition pesticide and method of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, cannot effect a radical cure the problem of the infringement of club root to crops to solve agricultural chemicals reagent.
For addressing the above problem, the application provides a kind of composition pesticide of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, it is characterized in that, be using brassin lactones or with the mixture of other agricultural chemicals as active ingredient, with auxiliary agent or fertilizer composition, wherein,
Described brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.
Preferably, the composition of described brassin lactones can be made into the formulations of pesticide of aqua, wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, microcapsule formulations, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture.
Preferably, described agricultural chemicals, comprising: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide and/or plant growth regulator.
Preferably, described fertilizer, comprising: inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and/or bio-fertilizer.
Preferably, the application of described composition pesticide in the Pesticidal products of preparation prevention, treatment crop in cruciferae club root.
A method of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, is characterized in that, uses the composition pesticide of described control crop in cruciferae club root, carries out in accordance with the following steps respectively dispenser processing, and step is:
Before crop in cruciferae sowing, carry out sowing again after seed soaking with described composition pesticide;
After crop emerges, carry out foliage-spray processing, wherein spray number of times for weekly, always spraying number of times is 1-12 time, and the time that sprays is for the first time that two cotyledons of crop launch completely, sprays the blade face that position is described crop.
Compared with prior art, a kind of composition pesticide and the method for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root described in the application, has reached following effect:
1) the application is used for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root using brassin lactones as a Plant Hormone, utilize the expression of synthesizing, improving resistance enzyme activity and activation resistant gene of brassin lactones promotion reduced glutathione and as the biopesticide of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, effectively stop the infringement of club root to crops.
2) the application's aqueous pesticide solution belongs to " the sixth-largest class endogenous hormones " just because of brassin lactones itself, applicable to any plant, there is the effect of growth regulation, volume increase, raising quality, enhancing resistance reconciliation poisoning, therefore, applied widely, applicable to any crop, apply in the vast rural area of China.
3) aqueous pesticide solution of the brassin lactones that the application adopts has that preparation method is simple, easy to use, cost is low and free of contamination advantage.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present application, forms the application's a part, and the application's schematic description and description is used for explaining the application, does not form the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 uses the composition pesticide of described control crop in cruciferae club root to prevent and treat the flow chart of the method for crop in cruciferae club root in the application.
Embodiment
To coordinate graphic and embodiment to describe the application's embodiment in detail below, by this application's implementation procedure how application technology means solve technical problem and reach technology effect can be fully understood and be implemented according to this.
It is using brassin lactones as main active ingredient that the application adopts technical scheme, or with the mixture of agricultural chemicals as active ingredient, with auxiliary agent or fertilizer composition, general solid and the liquid dosage form of agricultural chemicals made from surfactant adjuvant, solvent or carrier, comprises the formulations of pesticide of wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqua, suspending agent, microcapsules, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture etc.Wherein prevent and treat an aqueous pesticide solution for club root, component and the content of this aqueous pesticide solution are as follows:
Its concrete preparation process is:
1, measure in proportion each component;
2, after brassin lactones is fully dissolved in fatty alcohol, add non-ionic surface active agent, after mixing, add water and stir evenly again;
3, in above-mentioned solution, add successively magnesium salts, ferrous salt, boric acid, compound amino acid, limit edged stirs, and adds another medicament after a kind of medicament dissolution again, to all dissolving, obtains described preparation.
The each constituent of aqueous pesticide solution and proportioning that the application prevents and treats club root obtain on test of many times result and scientific appraisal basis.Through lot of experiments screening, affirm that this aqueous pesticide solution prevents and treats the effect of club root.
Brassin lactones in this aqueous pesticide solution, it can be the brassinolide extracting from plant, also can be artificial synthetic brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.By promoting synthetic, the expression that improve resistance enzyme activity and activation resistant gene of reduced glutathione to improve the resistance against diseases of crop in cruciferae itself, suppress the invasion of germ and spread, incidence and the occurrence degree that can significantly reduce club root, reduce from root the economic loss that crops are caused because of disease.
In the method, because brassin lactones is water insoluble, thus need to be first dissolved in fatty alcohol, more soluble in water.In practical operation, add non-ionic surface active agent, be for this aqueous pesticide solution can be covered on crop blade face more uniformly, as add emulsifier NP-10, can make the emulsifying effectiveness of medicament in water better, strengthen at the wettability on crop blade face; Add TO-5, can reduce the surface tension of liquid on blade, strengthen the infiltration capacity of medicament.
In this application, using the mixture of brassin lactones and agricultural chemicals, in the situation of active ingredient, this agricultural chemicals comprises: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide, plant growth regulator.
Comprise with the fertilizer of brassin lactones composition composition pesticide: inorganic fertilizer (nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, iron fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and composite fertilizer etc.), organic manure (barnyard manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, barnyard manure and compost etc.), bio-fertilizer (rhizobia fertilizer, phosphobacteria fertilizer, antibiotic fertilizer and composite bacterial fertilizer etc.) and new-type fertilizer (Controlled Release Fertilizer etc.).
It should be noted that, use the composition pesticide of the control crop in cruciferae club root described in the application, can prevent and treat and comprise: the club root that needs control in the agricultural productions such as brassicaceous vegetable, crop seeds.
As shown in Figure 1, use the composition pesticide of the control crop in cruciferae club root described in the application, carry out in accordance with the following steps respectively dispenser processing, comprising:
Step 101, before crop in cruciferae sowing, carries out sowing after seed soaking with this composition pesticide again;
Step 102, after crop emerges, carries out foliage-spray processing, wherein sprays number of times for weekly, and always spraying number of times is 1-12 time, and the time that sprays is for the first time that two cotyledons of crop launch completely, sprays the blade face that position is described crop.
Used for all preparations according to the following formulation of examination aqua medicament in following embodiment:
Embodiment mono-
In the present embodiment, taking cabbage type rape seed as test material, test method is as follows:
First test medicine being diluted is successively 0.01,0.05,0.1,0.15 and five kinds of different concentration of 0.2mg/L, then rape seed is put into the liquid after dilution, soaks 6 hours, pull out afterwash dry in the air half-dried after, put into culture dish.In each culture dish, below seed, pad two-layer qualitative filter paper, adding 10ml clear water, that filter paper is repeated is moistening, is then placed in climatic cabinate and cultivates.Duration of test, not timing is observed, and adds in time clear water, prevents lack of moisture, and ensures that every processing interpolation water yield is consistent.
Each experimental concentration arranges 4 repetitions, and 100 seeds of each repetition, need 400 seeds altogether.Select clean rape seed, and it fully mixed, shakeout into skim, then at random, exactly number get 400.Clear water contrast is set.
Duration of test, in incubator, controlled humidity is 65%, and intensity of illumination is the low light level, and in one day, light application time is 14h, and between illumination period, temperature is 23 DEG C; Be 10h interlunation, and between illumination period, temperature is 18 DEG C.
In climatic cabinate, cultivate after 7 days, observe rape seed germination rate and planting percent, go forward side by side line number according to statistics.Result of the test is as shown in table 1:
The impact of the test medicine of table 1 variable concentrations on rape seed germination rate
As can be seen from Table 1, after variable concentrations chemicals treatment, the germination rate of rape seed differs widely.After wherein processing with the drug concentration of 0.05mg/L, rape seed germination rate and planting percent are the highest.When drug concentration reaches 0.15-0.2mg/L, the germination to rape seed and seedling have certain inhibitory action, but it is not remarkable respectively to process difference, therefore in actual applications, in the concentration range of 0.01-0.2mg/L, all can be used for rape seed seed soaking.
Embodiment bis-
In the present embodiment, to prevent and treat Chinese cabbage club root field control effectiveness test as example, test method is as follows:
Chinese cabbage experiment field soil acidification is serious, through plantation continuously for many years, and club root morbidity serious (incidence of disease more than 95%, disease index 76).Test totally 3 processing, each processing repeats for 3 times.
Test started to test for the first time from 21 heart stages of leaf of Chinese cabbage, carried out cauline leaf spraying processing with the brassin lactones liquid of 0.15mg/L concentration, every dispenser in 10 days once, sprayed continuously 5 times.Contrast medicament carries out root irrigation with 500 times of liquid of 75% carbendazol wettable powder, and every strain 250ml filled with root once, continuous irrigation 4 times every 10 days.
Above-mentioned test is carried out to data acquisition and all in the time that Chinese cabbage is gathered in the crops, carry out, according to region random searching 10 strains of dividing in advance, and record each region diseased plant number according to the grade scale of Yang Peiwen (2009), its grade scale is:
0 grade, anosis;
1 grade, knee is only attached on lateral root, quantity account for root system whole 1%～25%;
2 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, on lateral root, knee quantity accounts for root system whole 26%～49%;
3 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for 50%～75% of root system;
4 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for the more than 75% of root system.
After each dispenser and before last Chinese cabbage results, observe Chinese Cabbage situation, range estimation medicament has or not poisoning to Chinese cabbage.And being calculated as follows drug effect:
A situation arises in the time that Chinese cabbage is gathered in the crops, to investigate each processing club root.As shown in table 2, the experimental field of clear water processing, club root disease index is 73.5; And the Chinese cabbage of processing through brassin lactones, club root disease index is 15.5, control efficiency reaches 78.91%; The Chinese cabbage crossing through contrast chemicals treatment, club root disease index is 17.3, control efficiency reaches 76.46%.Two kinds of Chinese cabbage that chemicals treatment is crossed, club root control efficiency is remarkable, between two kinds of medicaments without significant difference.
Table 2 is prevented and treated Chinese cabbage club root test of pesticide effectiveness result
Known according to data in table 2, within the scope of test dose, plant growth is normal, and the poisoning phenomenon to Chinese cabbage does not all appear in each treatment agent, to Chinese cabbage safety.
Embodiment tri-
In the present embodiment, to prevent and treat rape club root field control effectiveness test as example, test method is as follows:
For the morbidity of formation testing field of vegetables club root serious (incidence of disease more than 87%, disease index 65.1).Before experimental field, stubble is paddy rice, experimental field smooth, is typical loam, and when dispenser, soil moisture is larger, approximately 60% left and right.Test totally 3 processing, each processing repeats for 3 times.
First with the liquid of 0.05mg/L concentration, rape seed is carried out to seed soaking, after 6h, pull airing out, dry in the air and sow after half-dried.In the time that Brassica Napus Seedling has two cotyledons to launch completely, the liquid that is 0.15mg/L by concentration carries out cauline leaf spraying to be processed, and every dispenser in 7 days once, sprays continuously 5 times.
Contrast medicament is 10% cyazofamid suspending agent and 50% fluazinam suspending agent.Mix soil with 10% cyazofamid suspending agent 0.8ml/10kg spraying, process seedbed, seal sowing afterwards in 2 days; With the 50% fluazinam suspending agent 0.5ml/m2 processing of spraying in land for growing field crops.
Above-mentioned test is carried out to data acquisition and all in the time that rape is gathered in the crops, carry out, according to region random searching 10 strains of dividing in advance, and record each region diseased plant number according to the grade scale of Yang Peiwen (2009), its grade scale is:
0 grade, anosis;
1 grade, knee is only attached on lateral root, quantity account for root system whole 1%～25%;
2 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, on lateral root, knee quantity accounts for root system whole 26%～49%;
3 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for 50%～75% of root system;
4 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for the more than 75% of root system.
After each dispenser and before last rape results, observe growth, range estimation medicament has or not poisoning to rape.And being calculated as follows drug effect:
A situation arises in the time that rape is gathered in the crops, to investigate each processing club root.As shown in table 3, the experimental field of clear water processing, club root disease index is 66; And the rape of processing through brassin lactones, club root disease index is 15.2, control efficiency reaches 76.97%; The rape of crossing through contrast chemicals treatment, club root disease index is 14.5, control efficiency reaches 78.03%.Two kinds of rapes that chemicals treatment is crossed, club root control efficiency is remarkable, between two kinds of medicaments without significant difference.
Table 3 is prevented and treated rape club root test of pesticide effectiveness result
Known according to data in table 3, within the scope of test dose, plant growth is normal, and the poisoning phenomenon to rape does not all appear in each treatment agent, to rape safety.
Embodiment tetra-
In the present embodiment, to prevent and treat clubroot of cabbage field control effectiveness test as example, test method is as follows:
Experimental field is long-term continuous cropping continuous cropping plantation brassicaceous vegetable field, and therefore the harm of club root is day by day serious.Experimental field physical features is smooth, and when dispenser, soil moisture is larger.Test point 3 processing, each processing repeats for 3 times.
From 21 heart stages of leaf of cabbage seedling, the liquid that is 0.15mg/L by concentration carries out cauline leaf spraying to be processed, and every dispenser in 10 days once, sprays continuously 5 times.
Contrast 1000 times of liquid of 75% carbendazim for medicament, after alive of wild cabbage field planting, every strain 0.2kg liquid carries out root irrigation.
Above-mentioned test is carried out to data acquisition and all in the time that wild cabbage is gathered in the crops, carry out, according to region random searching 10 strains of dividing in advance, and record each region diseased plant number according to the grade scale of Yang Peiwen (2009), its grade scale is:
0 grade, anosis;
1 grade, knee is only attached on lateral root, quantity account for root system whole 1%～25%;
2 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, on lateral root, knee quantity accounts for root system whole 26%～49%;
3 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for 50%～75% of root system;
4 grades, on main root, there is knee to adhere to, knee quantity accounts for the more than 75% of root system.
After each dispenser and before last wild cabbage results, observe wild cabbage upgrowth situation, range estimation medicament has or not poisoning to wild cabbage.And being calculated as follows drug effect:
A situation arises in the time that wild cabbage is gathered in the crops, to investigate each processing club root.As shown in table 4, the experimental field of clear water processing, club root disease index is 80; And the wild cabbage of processing through brassin lactones, club root disease index is 20.5, control efficiency reaches 74.375%; The wild cabbage of crossing through contrast chemicals treatment, club root disease index is 22.5, control efficiency reaches 71.87%.Two kinds of wild cabbages that chemicals treatment is crossed, club root control efficiency is remarkable, between two kinds of medicaments without significant difference.
Table 4 is prevented and treated clubroot of cabbage test of pesticide effectiveness result
Known according to data in table 4, within the scope of test dose, plant growth is normal, and the poisoning phenomenon to wild cabbage does not all appear in each treatment agent, to wild cabbage safety.
Compared with prior art, a kind of composition pesticide and the method for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root described in the application, has reached following effect:
1) the application is used for preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root using brassin lactones as a Plant Hormone, utilize brassin lactones promote reduced glutathione synthetic, improve resistance enzyme activity and activate resistant gene expression and as the biopesticide of control crop in cruciferae club root, effectively stop the infringement of club root to crops
2) the application's aqueous pesticide solution belongs to " the sixth-largest class endogenous hormones " just because of brassin lactones itself, applicable to any plant, there is the effect of growth regulation, volume increase, raising quality, enhancing resistance reconciliation poisoning, therefore, applied widely, applicable to any crop, apply in the vast rural area of China.
3) aqueous pesticide solution of the brassin lactones that the application adopts has that preparation method is simple, easy to use, cost is low and free of contamination advantage.
The embodiment that the foregoing is only the application, is not limited to the application, and for a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.All within the application's spirit and principle, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the application's claim scope.
Claims (6)
1. a composition pesticide of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, is characterized in that, be using brassin lactones or with the mixture of other agricultural chemicals as active ingredient, with auxiliary agent or fertilizer composition, wherein,
Described brassin lactones, comprise: brassinolide, 24-show brassin lactones, 22,23,24-table brassin lactones, 28-show the summation of high brassin lactones, the high brassin lactones of 28-, 25-methyl brassin lactones and wherein one or more of 14-hydroxyl brassinosteroids, and described brassin lactones content is 0.001% to 0.4%.
2. the composition pesticide of control crop in cruciferae club root as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described composition can be made into the formulations of pesticide of aqua, wetting powder, missible oil, microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, microcapsule formulations, water dispersible granules and/or medicament-fertilizer mixture.
3. the composition pesticide of control crop in cruciferae club root as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described agricultural chemicals, comprising: insecticide, bactericide, weed killer herbicide and/or plant growth regulator.
4. the composition pesticide of control crop in cruciferae club root as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer, comprising: inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and/or bio-fertilizer.
5. the composition pesticide of preventing and treating root knot nematode disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the application of described composition pesticide in the Pesticidal products of preparation prevention, treatment crop in cruciferae club root.
6. a method of preventing and treating crop in cruciferae club root, is characterized in that, uses the composition pesticide of control crop in cruciferae club root as claimed in claim 1, is handled as follows: seed soaking, foliar spray, spread fertilizer over the fields or fill with root.
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| CN116267361A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-06-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for preventing and treating clubroot of cruciferous crops |
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