CN105993753A - Pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of single late japonica rice - Google Patents
Pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of single late japonica rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993753A CN105993753A CN201610370203.9A CN201610370203A CN105993753A CN 105993753 A CN105993753 A CN 105993753A CN 201610370203 A CN201610370203 A CN 201610370203A CN 105993753 A CN105993753 A CN 105993753A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
- A01M21/043—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals
Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of single late japonica rice. The method comprises the following steps that seed treatment is conducted; after preceding crops are harvested, 150 mL of paraquat and 45 kg of water are blended and applied to the field per mu for stubble removing and weeding, and base fertilizer application and soil preparation are conducted; seeding and closed weeding are conducted; weeding is conducted again when the rice is in the stage that two leaves and one terminal bud grow out and a person can stand on the ground of the rice field, and then irrigation is conducted; draining and soil drying in field are immediately conducted when 320-360 stem and tiller seedlings appear in the field per square meter; top dressing of a stem elongating and blossom promoting fertilizer is conducted when the remaining leaf primordium number of rice seedlings is 3.5; top dressing is conducted when the remaining leaf primordium number of a main stem is 1.5; panicle blast, rice false smut, banded sclerotial blight, rice planthoppers, rice leaf folder and borer pests are prevented and treated 10-15 days before the crevasse period and 3-5 days before the crevasse period. According to the pollution-free direct-seeding cultivation method of the single late japonica rice, seeding is conducted directly after soil preparation is conducted, rice seedling raising and seedling transplant are not needed, a large amount of labor is saved, and the labor seasonal tense contradiction is relieved; closed weeding is conducted after seeding is conducted, weeding is conducted again when the rice is in the stage that two leaves and one terminal bud grow out and the person can stand on the ground of the rice field, and the weeding efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of rice cultivation, specifically a kind of nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. is one of most important cereal crops of China, there is in Grain Production in China important strategic position, China's rice area accounts for the 29% of the cereal crops gross area, total producing accounts for the 44% of whole nation total grain output, more than 90% concentrates on south rice workspace, wherein double cropping of rice accounts for more than 1/4th of whole nation Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, is concentrated mainly on 4th district such as Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi.Oryza sativa L. is also one of most crop of fertilizer requirement, heavy dressing adds crop production cost, pollute environment, also result in energy waste simultaneously, rice yield and the important relation that improves and topdress of utilization rate of fertilizer, the Oryza sativa L. of different times needs fertilizer the most different, and the fertilising in rice shoot period is most important to the growth of Oryza sativa L..The Oryza sativa L. of the prior art fertilizer in rice shoot period is commercially available mostly, and this type of Fertilizer nutrient is single, and amount of application is relatively big, and easily causes soil compaction, to environmentally undesirable.
Japonica rice needs the sunshine-duration short, and trophophase is long, the most cold-resistant, and rice matter viscosity is strong, and the short circle of the grain of rice, protein content is higher, features good taste.Single japonica rice cropping nuisanceless live be after previous crops Semen Tritici aestivi or other crops allow stubble, directly sow after straw urges rotten process, fertilising, whole ground, make mode without seedling, a kind of rice of transplanting seedlings, save rice seedling bed, save culturing seedlings cost, be suitable for scale plantation
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) sowing: seed treatment；After previous crops results, every mu of land for growing field crops N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium 150mL is watered 45kg except stubble weed eradication；Basal dressing；Use rotary cultivator rotary tillage after fertilising, pour water to ground moistening, soak 1-2 days, then rotary tillage is raked, sedimentation and drawing；Sowing, closes weeding；
(2) land for growing field crops rich water quality management: moistening vertical Seedling, mends time can keep a foothold in 2 leaf 1 heart stage earth's surfaces and pours water after killing weeds；Land for growing field crops stem tiller Seedling number every square metre reaches 320-360 Seedling, and during every mu of stem tiller Seedling 25-28 ten thousand, field is baked in draining immediately, can keep a foothold in roasting Tian Zhitian face, earth's surface fine fisssure time till；When during seedling leaf remainder 3.5, i.e. rice shoot stem the 4th leaf reciprocal extracts half out, mu imposes jointing rush fertilizers for potted flowers；Jointing is to heading flowering grouting, and field is always maintained at shoaling layer；When during main stem leaf age remainder 1.5, leaf the most second from the bottom takes out half, mu chases after carbamide 2-3kg, potassium chloride 3-4kg；
(3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: before cut before 10-15 days and cut 3-5 days, keypoint control fringe pestilence, false smut, banded sclerotial blight, planthopper, rice leaf roller, snout moths larva pest and disease damage.
Described seed treatment step is: select fine basking seeds 1-2 days before seed soaking, and every 50kg seed rice is watered 65kg seed soaking 18h with 25% Prochloraz 20mL, stacks 18h accelerating germination to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；Every 50kg seed rice adds 15% paclobutrazol 15g with sharp victory 100ml or 70% imidacloprid suspending agent 250ml and is watered 1kg seed dressing.
Described basal dressing step is: except spreading fertilizer over the fields 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer 40-50kg/ mu after stubble weed eradication, add carbamide 5-10kg/ mu and zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu.
Described step (1) closes weeding: mu flies special 100ml and adds 20% pyrazosulfuron 20g and be watered the spraying of 30kg uniform earth's surface with sweeping volt 50ml or the outstanding 100ml or auspicious of speed.
Described jointing promotees fertilizers for potted flowers: carbamide 7.5-10kg, potassium chloride 6-8kg.
Described step (2) is mended and is killed children's grass: in the previous day of pouring water before 3 leaf phases, mu with 6% rice happiness 100ml or 10% rice outstanding person 80ml or 15% cyhalofop-butyl 20ml add 10% Han Le 20g be watered 30kg even spraying benefit kill 2 leaf 1 heart Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae, after herbicide spraying, 24h fills shallow water seedling-protection immediately.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: directly sow behind the whole ground of single japonica rice cropping live broadcasting method of the present invention, it is not necessary to seedling, transplant seedlings, saves a large amount of labour, alleviates the contradiction that labour's seasonality is nervous；The present invention closes weeding after planting, mends and kill weeds time can keep a foothold in 2 leaf 1 heart stage earth's surfaces, and weeding ratio is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Early crops for rotation Fruit variety high yield, high-quality, high anti-(disease-resistant, resistant to lodging) Early-mid ripening kind such as town rice 11, town rice 18 and military fortune round-grained rice 29 etc., mu sowing quantity 3-4kg；Late crops for rotation Fruit variety high yield, precocity, high anti-, fine quality Yanjing 5, Yang Yu round-grained rice 2, military fortune round-grained rice 27 and elegant water 519, mu application rate 4-5kg.
Direct-seeding: by soil moisture requirement point direct-sowing dry and water direct seeding, by mechanical planting wide cut requirement extension set tool drilling with broadcast sowing.Machinery drought drilling: after referring to wheat (oily) results, plate stubble applies fertilizer, and expands row drill for sowing in lines drilling Oryza sativa L. with " 2BG-6A changes 5 " Semen Tritici aestivi；Machinery drought is broadcasted sowing: after referring to wheat (oily) results, plate stubble applies fertilizer, sows seeds, and completes hack, lid kind with shallow rotation stubble cleaner.Water direct seeding broadcasts sowing: after wheat (oily) results, shallow rotation stubble-cleaning after the fertilising of plate stubble, the upper water of trench digging leveling, and holds up flat by T-bar slurry, drags bat to collapse paddy with broom, wet gunnysack the most again.Mechanized direct sowing: after wheat (oily) results, shallow rotation stubble-cleaning after the fertilising of plate stubble, whole ground water is raked, and after heavy reality, sows with direct sowing of rice machinery.
1, sowing
1.1 seed treatment: bask seeds before seed soaking 1-2 days, break seed dormancy, improve germinating energy and germination percentage, reduce kind of a shell and carry disease germs, although note that cement court can not be basked seeds.Two is seed soaking: every 50kg seed rice, with 25% Prochloraz 20ml, is watered (water temperature about 35 degree) 65kg, plays water after seed soaking 18h, and moistening stacking 18h accelerating germination is to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Three is seed dressing: every 50kg seed, adds 15% paclobutrazol 15g with sharp victory 100ml or 70% imidacloprid suspending agent 250ml and is watered 1kg, the uniform medicinal liquid of furnishing, and machinery seed dressing after seed plays water makes seed rice appearance medicinal liquid parcel uniformly, can sow after drying.Allow kind of bud adsorb a band medicine, kill Interior Seed pathogenic bacteria, prevent the rice seedling bakanae disease of 25-30 days, rice thrips, planthopper, bird pest, strengthen rice root, Miao Zhuan, increase tiller, reduce land for growing field crops sowing quantity.
1.2 remove stubble weed eradication: June early and middle ten days, in time except stubble weed eradication after the previous crops results such as Semen Tritici aestivi, every mu of land for growing field crops N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium 150ml is watered 45kg except stubble weed eradication, within second day, robs fine except stubble: or bundling pulverizes from field or stubble-removing machine and urges corruption, mu decomposition agent 2kg to add holostrome before carbamide 5kg rotary tillage is poured water spreading fertilizer over the fields.
1.3 use sufficient base manure: after the previous crops such as Semen Tritici aestivi allow stubble remove stubble, holostrome spreads fertilizer over the fields 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer 40-50kg/ mu, adds carbamide 5-10kg/ mu and zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu.
1.4 lands for growing field crops rotation harrow whole works: except stubble apply fertilizer after with large-scale rotary cultivator rotary tillage, pour water subsequently to ground moistening, soak 1-2 days, then rotary tillage is raked, after mud sediment draining cool to face, field without during hydrops sowing.
1.5 open " three ditches ": to open (dragging) ditch before sowing in time: furrow ditch, Yao Gou, gutter, accomplish that gutter is deeper than waist ditch 2-3cm, and waist ditch is deeper than furrow ditch 1-2cm, and furrow ditch depth 8-10cm and the degree of depth are consistent, it is simple to dewatering, draining and pour water.
1.6 3 suitable sowings: one is sowing optimum period, early June to late June, early-maturing variety was earlier than June 25, and Early maturity kind is at the latest earlier than June 30 earlier than June 20 sowing time at the latest for medium variety.Two is suitable application rate: early sowing field, mu application rate 3-3.5kg before June 15, sows field application rate 3.5-4.5kg 15-25 day in June, sows mu application rate 4.5-5kg 25-30 day in June, sowing mu application rate 5-6kg after June 30.Three is that suitable seeding method improves seeding quality: seeder broadcasts sowing or drilling, or artificial broadcast.Artificial broadcast presses wide cut 3m, quantitative weighing Fructus Setariae Germinatus uniform broadcasting.
1.7 close weedings: open (dragging) ditch dewatering the most immediately, close weeding in time: mu flies special 100ml and adds 20% pyrazosulfuron 20g and be watered the spraying of 30kg uniform earth's surface with sweeping volt 50ml or the outstanding 100ml or auspicious of speed.Live field is closed weeding and is required " two are not early in the morning ": spray i.e. in time early, respray, not drain spray, improves and closes herbicidal effect, reduces the Seedling later stage and mends and remove herbicide probability and cost.
2, land for growing field crops rich water quality management
2.1 moistening vertical Seedlings: Single Late Rice is after planting to (duration about 3 weeks) before rice shoot 2 leaf 1 heart stage, field keeps moistening, earth's surface, face, field can not hydrops, ensure the air (oxygen) of suitable moisture (soil moisture 85-90%), suitable temperature and abundance promote to emerge, Qi Miao and vertical Seedling, promote root growth (in case later stage lodging), until benefit just can be poured water after killing weeds time can keep a foothold in 2 leaf 1 heart stage earth's surfaces.
2.2 benefits kill children's grass: direct seading rice is after planting, because of Surface Humid, temperature and oxygen in soil are sufficient, advantageously descend weeds to cover to grow, or close the place of herbicidal effect bad (medicine is uneven in spray, drain spray and low-lying hydrops), in the previous day of pouring water before 3 leaf phases, according to field grass as, mu with 6% rice happiness 100ml or 10% rice outstanding person 80ml or 15% cyhalofop-butyl 20ml add 10% Han Le 20g be watered 30kg even spraying benefit kill 2 leaf 1 heart Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae, after herbicide spraying, 24h fills shallow water seedling-protection immediately.
2.3 light fertile rush Seedlings, shallow water tiller: rice shoot enters 3 leaves, and (every square metre has Seedling 300-360 to enough seedling stages later, duration about 4 weeks), field keeps shoaling layer, promotes rice shoot tiller, the plot that base manure is not enough, after filling shallow water when rice shoot 3 leaf, mu gently chases after carbamide 5kg, potassium chloride 4-5kg, promote seedling growth, tiller the most estranged.
2.4 enough Seedlings bake field: when land for growing field crops stem tiller Seedling number every square metre reaches 320-360 Seedling (during mu stem tiller Seedling 25-28 ten thousand (time is at the beginning of late July to 8 month), field is baked in draining immediately, control ineffective tillering, catch into early tiller Cheng great Sui estranged, can keep a foothold in roasting field degree to face, field, earth's surface fine fisssure time, the highest stem tiller Seedling is poured water when 40 to 45 ten thousand, promotes that rice shoot enters reproductive growth.
2.5 impose jointing promotees fertilizers for potted flowers: enough Seedlings bake Tian Houzhi rice shoot jointing, after pouring water, when when seedling leaf remainder 3.5, i.e. rice shoot stem the 4th leaf reciprocal extracts half out, (first arrival early August in August) mu imposes jointing fertilizer carbamide 7.5-10kg, potassium chloride 6-8kg, promote ear differentiation Cheng great Sui, improve rate of tillering panicle.
2.6 shallow waters protect booting; light fertile guarantor is spent; improve setting percentage: from rice shoot jointing to heading flowering grouting (duration 30-35d), field is always maintained at shoaling layer, with water regulating QI, homoiothermic, take good care of point; ensure the normal Cheng great Sui of booting; see that Seedling gently chases after guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers time leaf the most second from the bottom takes out half when main stem leaf age remainder 1.5 (mid or late August), the plot that rice shoot lower blade blade tip is sent out, mu chases after carbamide 2-3kg, potassium chloride 3-4kg; promote the differentiation of fringe grain, improve setting percentage.
2.7 alternations of wetting and drying, promote that milking maturity yellow maturity is to old: heading flowering to milking maturity (at the beginning of JIUYUE early and middle ten days to 10 month), and field keeps shallow water to moistening, milking maturity is to yellow maturity, mid or late October to the end of month, field was based on dry, suitably fills horse race water and promotes milking maturity and yellow maturity, improves setting percentage.Carrying out blade face in conjunction with fringe phase insect pest preventing and controlling and spurt micro-fertilizer such as organic potassium, organosilicon and organic boron etc., improve setting percentage and grain weight, enhancing rice strain is disease-resistant, capacity for the resistance to lodging.
3, comprehensive pest and disease damage green preventing and treating: before tillering stage, boot stage and beginning fringe, grouting milk stage according to plant protection department " disease pest information " and field investigation result, implement to prevent and treat by " Oryza sativa L., Wheat Diseases And Insect Pests prevent and treat prediction scheme ".
3.1 rice growings are to seeding stage: do a good job of it seed treatment: Prochloraz seed soaking, dry-raised nurse or sharp victory or bright shield are dressed seed, emphasis prevention seed-borne disease (bakanae disease, rice blast, Aplelenchiodes bessegi of rice etc.) and preventing and treating pass disease pest matchmaker, and pre-insect protected passes disease (virosis)；Prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper, white backed planthopper, rice thrips, snout moths larva etc. in good time.
3.2 Oryza sativa L. cut (front) phases: before cut before 10-15 days and cut 3-5 days, the pest and disease damage such as keypoint control fringe pestilence, false smut, banded sclerotial blight, planthopper, rice leaf roller, snout moths larva.According to rice varieties characteristic, most disease and pest kind, occurrence degree, emergence period, treatment in accordance with local conditions determines and cures mainly object, and rational mixture medicament is controlled " leading " and held concurrently " secondary ", reaches the effect of " spray is how anti-".
3.3 rice milking stages are to the ripe fringe phase: according to disease pest, reality occurs, and with planthopper for curing mainly object, double control other pest and disease damages.
During preventing and treating, different types of pesticide replaces rotation and uses, to delay Drug resistance to produce.During dispenser, field to keep shoaling layer, anhydrous field as far as possible, suitably strengthens water consumption, it is ensured that prevention effect.
Above content is only to present configuration example and explanation; described specific embodiment is made various amendment or supplements or use similar mode to substitute by affiliated those skilled in the art; without departing from invention structure or surmount scope defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (6)
1. the nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) sowing: seed treatment；After previous crops results, every mu of land for growing field crops N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium 150mL is watered 45kg and goes out except stubble
Grass；Basal dressing；Use rotary cultivator rotary tillage after fertilising, pour water to ground moistening, soak 1-2 days, then rotary tillage is raked, precipitation
Draining；Sowing, closes weeding；
(2) land for growing field crops rich water quality management: moistening vertical Seedling, mends time can keep a foothold in 2 leaf 1 heart stage earth's surfaces and pours water after killing weeds；Land for growing field crops stem
Tiller Seedling number every square metre reaches 320-360 Seedling, and during every mu of stem tiller Seedling 25-28 ten thousand, field is baked in draining immediately, roasting Tian Zhitian face energy
Keep a foothold, earth's surface fine fisssure time till；When during seedling leaf remainder 3.5, i.e. rice shoot stem the 4th leaf reciprocal extracts half out, mu imposes
Jointing promotees fertilizers for potted flowers；Jointing is to heading flowering grouting, and field is always maintained at shoaling layer；Inverse during main stem leaf age remainder 1.5
When second leaf takes out half, mu chases after carbamide 2-3kg, potassium chloride 3-4kg；
(3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: before cut before 10-15 days and cut 3-5 days, keypoint control fringe pestilence, false smut, stricture of vagina are withered
Disease, planthopper, rice leaf roller, snout moths larva pest and disease damage.
The nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described seed
Process step is: select fine basking seeds 1-2 days before seed soaking, and every 50kg seed rice is watered 65kg seed soaking with 25% Prochloraz 20mL
18h, stacks 18h accelerating germination to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；Every 50kg seed rice sharp victory 100ml or 70% imidacloprid suspending agent 250ml adds
15% paclobutrazol 15g is watered 1kg seed dressing.
The nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in execute base
Fertile step is: except spreading fertilizer over the fields 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer 40-50kg/ mu after stubble weed eradication, add carbamide 5-10kg/ mu and
Zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu.
The nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(1) closing weeding is: mu flies special 100ml and adds 20% pyrazosulfuron 20g and convert with sweeping volt 50ml or the outstanding 100ml or auspicious of speed
Spray in the uniform earth's surface of water 30kg.
The nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described jointing
Promoting fertilizers for potted flowers is: carbamide 7.5-10kg, potassium chloride 6-8kg.
The nuisanceless direct-sowing cultivating method of single japonica rice cropping the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
(2) benefit kills children's grass: in the previous day of pouring water before 3 leaf phases, and mu likes 100ml or 10% rice outstanding person 80ml or 15% cyanogen fluorine with 6% rice
Grass ester 20ml add 10% Han Le 20g be watered 30kg even spraying mend kill 2 leaf 1 heart Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae, after herbicide spraying, 24h is immediately
Fill shallow water seedling-protection.
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| CN106508543A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 沈阳农业大学 | High-yield water-saving cultivation method for rice dry direct seeding |
| CN107018833A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of non-irrigated drill culture method of one season of hybrid paddy rice rice region machinery |
| CN108566853A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-25 | 浙江清溪鳖业股份有限公司 | A kind of Single Late Rice planthopper physical control method |
| CN109566305A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Single Late Rice Dry nursery method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106508543A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 沈阳农业大学 | High-yield water-saving cultivation method for rice dry direct seeding |
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| CN109566305A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-04-05 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Single Late Rice Dry nursery method |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |