CN104620803B - Method for planting chilies - Google Patents

Method for planting chilies Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104620803B
CN104620803B CN201410777662.XA CN201410777662A CN104620803B CN 104620803 B CN104620803 B CN 104620803B CN 201410777662 A CN201410777662 A CN 201410777662A CN 104620803 B CN104620803 B CN 104620803B
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seedling
days
pollination
spray
fructus capsici
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CN104620803A (en
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龚德胜
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Jiangxi Niwota Industrial Development Co Ltd
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Jiangxi Niwota Industrial Development Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting chilies. The method comprises the steps of seed collecting, cultivating, planting, harvesting and processing and other technical links. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the yield of the planted chilies is high.

Description

A kind of pepper planting method
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of Fructus Capsici.
Background technology
Screw green pepper is first cross elephant skin green pepper, higher than similar variety yield, the ground kind such as suitable Shandong, five province of northwest and Hainan Plant.
Fructus Capsici is one of main vegetable crop of China, has extensive purposes, can both be eaten raw, is important flavoring agent again, Consequence is occupy in vegetables industry, it has also become indispensable food in people's daily life.
Fructus Capsici is divided into into the types such as Cornu Caprae seu Oviss green pepper, Capsicum frutescens L.Var.1o m Bail, capsicum annum fasciculatum, line green pepper, Fructus Capsici according to the fruit properties of Fructus Capsici;According to Purposes, Fructus Capsici can be divided into be eaten raw, processes two classes.Quality of Capsicum includes marketing quality, nutritional quality and flavor quality.Marketing quality The main appearance character for including fruit, it determines the commercial value of Fructus Capsici;Nutritional quality mainly includes that vitamin, dry contain The nutritional labelings such as amount, flavor quality refer to that capsaicin content etc., nutritional quality and flavor quality determine the thing value of Fructus Capsici.
China's pepper cultivation is with a long history, and germ plasm resource is enriched, and cultivated area is occupied first of the world, and Annual planting area exceedes 1300000 hm2, play an important role in China's vegetable anniversary stable market supply is ensured.Fructus Capsici production has become many provinces and cities of China The important component part of "three highs" agriculture, it has also become one of many cities, the pillar industry in county.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of Fructus Capsici, the yield of hot pepper of the method plantation High, quality is good, and glossy, cutin thickness, economic benefit are very considerable.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Capsici, comprise the steps:
Nursery:Annual the first tenday period of a month in November start Fructus Capsici Parent nursery.First seedbed and parental seed are carried out before nursery Sterilization and pharmacy disinfection are processed:1st, warm water sterilization:From distilled water it is boiled to 100 be cooled to 55 degrees centigrade when parent's kind Son is poured in warm water and is stirred to cooling, then soaks 5 hours.This method substantially can be killed the pathogenic bacteria on parental seed.2nd, with height Nursery special hole tray is carried out disinfection by mangaic acid aqueous solutions of potassium.3rd, people is slept into electric blanket it is laid on seedling bed and be electrified, nursery Hole tray is placed on electric blanket and is warmed up between 25-30 degree(Electric blanket heating directly can heat up hole tray mesostroma), it is sprinkled with appropriate Water, moisture content inquire for dry seeing wet.4th, electric blanket is moved after emerging in or so week, uses boiler heating instead.Boiler heating also makes whole Individual seedling growth greenhouse air themperature is increased to 20 degree or so.5th, emerge and prevent and treat epidemic disease Deng, after carried out preventing and treating damping off per 15 days with " general to make every effort to overcome ", occur courses of infection, seedling age phase during avoiding pepper breeding as far as possible For three months or so.
Divide alms bowl:In order to ensure the steady growth of Fructus Capsici seedling, excessive growth and crazy strain phenomenon are occurred without, strengthen Fructus Capsici seedling point and plant Adaptability afterwards, Fructus Capsici seedling will first carry out a point alms bowl job before being transplanted to land for growing field crops(By Fructus Capsici seedling with being manually transplanted to Jing is using in the good nutritive cube of nutritive soil preparation).In nutritive cube trophophase be 30 days or so, both after year early March start into Enter land for growing field crops young crops to transplant.
Management:1st, prevention germ killing drugs must be sprayed after transplanting every 15 days once(Spray " hundred is safe " for the first time, second spray " Jia Ruinong ", third time spray " agricultural streptomycin ", the 4th spray " Jin Lei ").Spray once " Ningnanmycin " in addition every month pre- Diseases prevention viral disease, will spray once " imidacloprid " prevention aphid every month.2nd, professional protected personnel must checks in land for growing field crops daily The state of an illness, it is found that having diseased plant dial in time removes, it is found that ill leaf must cut off.3rd, land for growing field crops is all using dropper technology, and must There need be greenhouse gardening.Plastics Anti-fogging Film and sun-proof net are housed on booth, it is impossible to which drench with rain Fructus Capsici, otherwise when Pepper Leaves are wet When, spore produced by funguses is easily lived with blade, then can be spread to healthy plant via wind or farm implements and pedestrian quickly. Sun-proof net is should at once to cover sun-proof net more than 70,000 lux-hours when the sun light saturation point at noon.Light property Fructus Capsici light saturation point exists 3.5 ten thousand Le --- within 50,000 Le, the too strong then plant of illumination is unfavorable to carry out photosynthesis, or even phenomenons such as " fruits of burning day " occurs.Always To enhance field management, to guarantee not allow in crossover process young crops to infect any pathogenic bacteria;Enhance field management, allow seed health Into first-filial generation.
Pollination:Can be using artificial to kind of a flower producing Crossbred after door green pepper alabastrum is full.Pollination operation:Male parent male flower is plucked The maternal female flower alabastrum of pollination of going down.Pollination Best Times are every morning 6:30—9:30, afternoon 4:30—6:30 or so(To protect Card seed quality, overcast and rainy does not take when temperature is more than 30 degree and hybridization pollination to work), pollination period is one month or so(Both it is every Strain 20 achievements of result or so are defined).To improve seed purity and germination percentage, one is often made during pollination and will be done into kind green pepper Good strain note.Pollination will carry out the blowing work of Fructus Capsici seedling top after terminating, to ensure Fructus Capsici normal growth and commodity after pollinating The full grains of seed.
Period of maturation:Plant green pepper and enter collection period in 60 days or so about after bearing fruit(Harvesting standard is popular in fruit, plant that grain is full to be It is accurate).Before harvesting will to blowing when the non-hybridization fruit slipped through the net carry out secondary cleaning, and necessarily marked achievement is adopted Receive, achievement is caught an illness and the achievement for there are small holes caused by worms must go to remove to having, can not be adopted.
Seed is processed:Kind of green pepper fruit is using producing high quality seed after machine barking.Wet seed will clean in time, dry, Dry in the sun(After seed dry in the sun, moisture reaches 8% and with lower section as qualified).After moisture is qualified with seed screening machine be carried out continuously it is secondary with It is upper selected, then using manually carrying out picking up choosing to the black seed of seed.Finally completed using the sterilization seed coat agent coating blent.
The advantage of the screw green pepper of the inventive method plantation:
Screw green pepper color that implantation methods of the present invention are obtained is green, fresh fruit brightness is high, screw-type;Pungent is dense, fresh, thick flavor, skin Thin matter is crisp, entrance is stale-proof without storage under slag, room temperature for 50 days or so;Straw is sturdy, be difficult lodging, blade is plump, disease resistance is strong, resistance to Warm high yield.
Product coefficient of stabilization up to more than 99%, realizes Chinese hybrid Fructus Capsici polyphyly and reestablishes diplomatic relations new breakthrough.
The product of the present invention inherits maternal product weight advantage, and its yield is in turn ensure that after hybridization.Jiangxi market soil Fructus Capsici Averagely per 500 grams of single fruits at 60 or so, per mu yield is about at 2000 jin or so.And the product after hybridizing only has 10 per 500 grams of single fruits Only or so, up to 15000 jin or so, 50 grams or so of single fruit weight, economic worth are high for per mu yield.
The advantage of female parent is inherited, color and luster is dark green, and vivid, entrance is good without slag, commodity, and resistance to transport, holding time are long, often It is warm to deposit commodity green pepper 50 days or so between 10-20 degree Celsius.
Male parent high antiviral disease, rust staining disease, blight, base rot disease, epidemic disease etc. are inherited, high temperature resistant is planted, especially Adapt to high mountain, hills plantation.
The dense pungent of inheritor's male parent, giving off a strong fragrance taste and dense delicate flavour, excellent taste.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.It should be understood that embodiment of the present invention methods described It is only used for the explanation present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, to preparation side of the invention under the concept thereof of the present invention The simple modifications of method belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
First, seedling culture
(One)It is prepared by bed soil
1st, subsoil:12-15cm to be digged, breaks up the clods, and picks net debris.Every square metre of subsoil apply " strengthening agent " 50g and " Carbendazim+Thiram " 5-8g, and 10cm depths are uniformly puddled, tread and pave.
2nd, overburden soil:From it is aseptic, (forbid to use and used remove for 1 year without worm's ovum, the garden loam without grass seed or Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii ground soil The soil of careless agent).Use after sieving.
(2) type of seeding
1st, the sowing time:March 1 was to March 10.
2nd, thickness of sowing:Every square metre of effective area 26-30g (is determined by mass of 1000 kernel, every square metre of grain number is less than 4200 Grain).
3rd, type of seeding:Broadcast sowing.Thickness of earth covering 1cm, covering with plastic film immediately after broadcasting.
(3) seedbed management
1st, remove mulch film:Come up 70% or so when remove mulch film, gently being beaten with crude iron silk during the soil of top occurs in seedling Ram-jolt.
2nd, temperature control:Do not leak informaton when before coming up, ground temperature is less than 30 DEG C.Be unearthed after daytime control 25-28 DEG C it Between, 15 DEG C or so of night;5-7 days before transplanting, control on daytime does not put straw mat during more than 5 DEG C of night outdoor temperature at 25 DEG C or so, Carry out practicing Seedling.
3rd, moisture management:Not non-irrigated not pour, which which drought pours;Cloudy day does not pour fine day and pours, and does not pour the morning afternoon and pours.
4th, foliage top dressing:Occur during de- fertilizer phenomenon, spraying foliage fertilizer, before transplanting, spray calcareous fertilisers within 5-7 days.
5th, seedling standard:Plant height 6-8cm, it is seen that true leaf more than 4, without dead leaf, without diseased plant, plant color is normal.
2nd, seedling is cultivated
The purchase of most peasant households is pepper seedling, and needs are transplanted, and cultivates as seedling, can just carry out the earth fixed Plant.
1st, booth construction:Selection is leeward to face south, fills at draining conveniently, builds north-south shed or East and West direction Yimianpu canopy, There is skirt film, to leak informaton.The high 1.5-2m of canopy, width 4-8m, depending on length apparent area, general per hectare need to transplant canopy 300m2It is left It is right.Heat canopy is detained at the beginning of 34 months the end of month.
2nd, bed soil is processed:The soil property of seedling bed will avoid viscous weight, bed surface weeds and residual branch from losing leaf and will clean out.Depending on soil Fertility adds appropriate fertilizer, and typically per square metre is less than 1.5kg, and fertilizer fully must become thoroughly decomposed(Preferably next year Fertilizer), must smash.Per square metre of another compound fertilizer 50g for adding " strengthening agent " or N, P, K content each 15%.Muck Bed surface is uniformly spread on, 15cm depths are turned over, bulk must be smashed when turning over, pick up net debris, loam is puddled uniformly, prevent fertility uneven, Growing way is uneven, or burn seedlings phenomenon occurs.Paved after slightly treading as far as possible, be easy to the later stage to water.
3rd, implantation method:Transplant time typically starts in April on the 15th, is not later than 20 at the latest, and correct time regards weather feelings Condition and booth heat-retaining condition determine.Transplanting den- sity is not less than 5 × 5cm2.Implantation method:Fill permeable before transplanting, the wood when pouring water Plate strikes off furrow face, it is ensured that the not inclined moisture in the soil of furrow face.Must print by strain, line-spacing, equidistantly plant Seedling, 1-2 hours be crossed after having planted and pours one again Secondary little water.
4th, seedling management:Transplanting stage total principle is " controlling after front rush ", " temperature control does not control water ".Before slow seedling, insulation is protected as far as possible Wet, canopy temperature need not be leaked informaton less than 30 DEG C, and little wind will be put when temperature is too high, preferably take the mode of sheltering from heat or light to lower the temperature.Daytime after slow seedling 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night.During slow seedling, bed soil can not be shown in dry, water in time, and watering will be carried out in the fine day morning.It is slow After seedling applies a carbamide with reference to punching of pouring water according to bed soil fertility and green pepper Seedling growing way, every square metre of 25g, during punching fertilizer the water yield will foot, Prevent burn seedlings.2-3 foliage fertilizer can be also sprayed, is spaced 5-7 days or so, be colonized first 10 days or so(17-20 centimetre of height of seedling)Irrigate Water, and ventilation is gradually increased, canopy temperature is reduced, control is watered, and to before being colonized removes canopy film within 3-4 days(Including skirt film), carry out seedling Seedling is taken exercise.
3rd, field production
(One)Selection of land selects stubble
Physical features to be selected is flat, fertility is higher, and Fructus Capsici is planted in the preferable plot of water condition, does not select bad viscous of breathability Important place and Low land do green pepper field, avoid continuous cropping as far as possible, meet stubble and Sorghum vulgare Pers., Radix Betae, millet and other solanaceous crops do front stubble.
(Two)Site preparation overlay film
Plant Fructus Capsici plot is preferably ploughed, it is impossible to which that what is ploughed will also dig net crops for rotation.Method of soil preparation has two kinds, Yi Zhongshi After applying fertilizer to the subsoil, little high ridge is done, furrow width 90cm, furrow width 30cm between furrow detain fabric width 90-100cm mulch films, and furrow face both sides plant " turning word " Seedling, this method adapt to sand;Another kind is that first " three ploughs are worn " beats ridge, row spacing 60-65cm, and fabric width 60cm mulch films are covered on single ridge Or fabric width 120cm mulch films are covered on double ridges, Seedling on ridge, is planted, this method adapts to blackland along the river.Overlay film should enter for 7-10 days before transplanting OK, ridge before overlay film(Furrow)Face is paved, and filling is revealed the exact details water, after not gluing, overlay film immediately, and moisture-heat preservation.Available herbicide 48% draws Rope, 3000 milliliters of per hectare medication are watered 750 kilograms, or with 50% Acetochlor per hectare 1500 milliliters be watered 750 kilograms, spray In ridge face, overlay film immediately after spray.Pressure to be tensed during overlay film tight.
(Three)The rational application of fertilizer
Base fertilizer will be based on agricultural fertilizer, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer of supplement.The standard of 5000 kilograms of dry green pepper is produced according to per hectare, according to Soil fertility quality and agricultural fertilizer quality, per hectare apply agricultural fertilizer 30-50 ton.In addition to agricultural fertilizer, chemical fertilizer per hectare amount of application is(Formula 1)N、 P, K are respectively containing 15% 500 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 200 kilograms of carbamide;Or(Formula 2)300 kilograms of carbamide, 150 kilograms of diammonium, potassium sulfate 150 kilograms.Above-mentioned fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields before 2/3rds dozens of ridges, a ditch spread of its excess-three point.Base fertilizer must uniform deep placement, it is most handy Empty ploughshare is worn one time in primitive groove, then in He Long, makes loam mix homogeneously, in case burn seedlings.
(Four)It is colonized in good time
It is to cause the principal element that survival rate is low, the underproduction is serious that field planting is too late, bottom water is not enough, envelope covers not tight, muck burn seedlings. Therefore, must grasp during field planting it is following some:
1. resident time:Can be colonized after latest frost, normal year terminated before May 25 20 days or so May.Accomplish Resolutely refuse to plant June seedling.
2. plantation density:Fertile ground is easily dilute, and unfertile land is easily close.Ten thousand plants of general hectare bag Seedling 5.5-6.60cm row spacings, spacing in the rows 28- 30cm, 65cm row spacing, spacing in the rows 26-28cm.
3. field planting method:Water transplanting, depth of planting 8-10cm must be sat.Can perforating plant after overlay film, also can be in overlay film It is front first to dig hole, Seedling is planted after overlay film in hole.Planting Seedling must be real, and envelope hole must be tight, prevents from hanging dry, air-dried.
4. field planting is poured water:Plant certain area and must pour once permeable, the irrigation under film to be accomplished of double ridge overlay films.
(Five)Field management
1. Scientific irrigation:Fructus Capsici is afraid of that drought is again afraid of in flood, must pour permeable outer when field planting, should be originally in field management process " three see "(See that Seedling is seen with seeing in day)Principle, little water duty pours, and can't cause field ponding.7~August part rainy season, it should be noted that anti- Flood, timely draining.
2. topdress in good time:For the first time 15~20 June, door green pepper florescence, per hectare impose 200 kilograms of carbamide, or 300 kilograms of nitrophosphate fertilizer;150 kilograms of carbamide, or nitrophosphate fertilizer are imposed in Fructus Capsici result Sheng phase mid-July, per hectare second 200 kilograms.Method dazzling point preferably between two plants is applied, and also can be spread fertilizer over the fields with reference to the furrow that waters.
3. the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed:
1)Disease control:Will be to enrich based on muck strengthens management, supplemented by chemical control.Second crop soil should enrich farm manure, Foliage fertilizer containing various trace elements is sprayed suitably.
Blossom-end rot:Belong to physiological disturbance, as a result initial stage high temperature and drought susceptible disease.Should pour water cooling, in advance foliage-spray calcium Fertilizer, their early stage can spray 70% thiophanate methyl, the infection of 50% 500 times of carbendazim liquid preventing secondary.
Shot hole:The best fruiting period such as the rapid fine susceptible disease of continuous overcast and rainy or anxious rain.Should kill in premorbid or their early stage DT Microbial inoculum, can kill to obtain 500 times of liquid of new phytomycin, or be carried out per ten thousand units of aerosol apparatus 500-800 with the medical penicillin of agricultural streptomycin Preventing and treating.
Bacterial wilt:Meta-alkalescence soil susceptible disease.Preventing and treating is concentrated at the initial stage of a disease, and method is mould with agricultural streptomycin planting Plain 500 times of liquid carry out pouring root to diseased plant and surrounding plant, and per plant fills 250 milliliters of the medicinal liquid for preparing, while blade face spray preventing and treating, side The same shot hole of method.No matter which kind of disease, will accomplish vehicle concentration accurately, and spray is careful, make medicinal liquid in whole plant, special It is not that blade is all stained with medicinal liquid up and down, and is evenly distributed.
2)Pest control:Mainly prevent eliminating aphis.It was found that aphid will prevent and treat early, imidacloprid is used(Such as " big gram of worm ")It is anti- Control.
3)Prevention and control of weeds:Weeds between Seedling eye and ridge are pulled out in time, reduce liquid manure loss.
4. prune and pinch off young shoots:After field planting slow seedling, the side shoot below door green pepper will be destroyed in time, accomplish that twig is only very little.August 10 days Start, pinch from Fructus Capsici branch top alabastrum part, promote bottom fruit maturation.
5. inserted link hurdle frame:Vigorous plot is grown, to prevent later stage green pepper Seedling from lodging, a waddy is inserted on ridge every 5-8m, It is connected on waddy with two nylon ropes in plant both sides and is tensed, hot pepper crop is clipped between two ropes.Small area green pepper field can be with wood Rod branch is supported.Per hectare produces 5000 kilograms of dry pepper.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of pepper planting method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Nursery:
1st, warm water sterilization:From distilled water it is boiled to 100 be cooled to 55 degrees centigrade when parental seed poured in warm water stir Mix to cooling, then soak 5 hours;
2nd, nursery special hole tray is carried out disinfection with potassium permanganate solution;
3rd, people slept into electric blanket be laid on seedling bed and be electrified, seedling culture hole plate is placed on electric blanket be warmed up to 25-30 degree it Between, it is sprinkled with suitable quantity of water, moisture content inquires for dry seeing wet;
4th, electric blanket is moved after emerging in a week, uses boiler heating instead, boiler heating also makes whole seedling growth greenhouse air themperature liter Up to 20 degree;
5th, emerge and prevent and treat epidemic disease, after to carry out preventing and treating per 15 days with " general to make every effort to overcome " sudden Sick, it is to avoid to occur courses of infection during pepper breeding, the seedling age phase is three months;
Divide alms bowl:
Fructus Capsici seedling will first carry out a point alms bowl job before being transplanted to land for growing field crops, in nutritive cube, trophophase is on March after 30 days, i.e. year Initially enter land for growing field crops young crops ten days to transplant;
Management:
Prevention germ killing drugs must be sprayed after transplanting every 15 days once, for the first time spray " hundred is safe ", second spray " Jia Ruinong ", the Three sprays " agricultural streptomycin ", the 4th spray " Jin Lei ";Spray once " Ningnanmycin " every month in addition to prevent virus diseases, each " imidacloprid " prevention aphid will be sprayed once the moon;Land for growing field crops all using dropper technology, and it is necessary to have greenhouse gardening, on booth Equipped with plastics Anti-fogging Film and sun-proof net, sun-proof net be when noon sun light saturation point should cover at once more than 70,000 lux-hours it is sun-proof Net, light property Fructus Capsici light saturation point is within the Le of 3.5 ten thousand Le -50,000;
Pollination:Using manually to kind of a flower producing Crossbred, pollination operation after door green pepper alabastrum is full:Male parent male flower is taken into pollination Maternal female flower alabastrum, pollination time are every morning 6:30—9:30, afternoon 4:30—6:30, pollination period is one month;
Period of maturation:Kind of green pepper enters collection period for 60 days after bearing fruit, and harvesting standard is popular in by fruit, plant that grain is full to be defined.
CN201410777662.XA 2014-12-17 2014-12-17 Method for planting chilies Expired - Fee Related CN104620803B (en)

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CN104920036B (en) * 2015-06-23 2018-07-17 绥阳县富鑫经济综合开发有限公司 A kind of pepper planting method
CN105123195A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-09 太仓市雅丰农场专业合作社 Hot pepper planting method
CN108605701A (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-10-02 云南老厨娘食品有限公司 A kind of artificial culturing method of wild hot millet
CN107912236A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-04-17 熊新家 A kind of implantation methods of capsicum
CN109805014A (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-28 贵州省辣如意食品有限责任公司 A kind of formulation of pesticide for promoting pepper plant to grow tall
CN109845597A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-06-07 安徽禾新现代农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods improving capsicum winter resistance
CN113287505A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-08-24 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) Pepper floating seedling raising method

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