CN104620803A - Method for planting chilies - Google Patents
Method for planting chilies Download PDFInfo
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- CN104620803A CN104620803A CN201410777662.XA CN201410777662A CN104620803A CN 104620803 A CN104620803 A CN 104620803A CN 201410777662 A CN201410777662 A CN 201410777662A CN 104620803 A CN104620803 A CN 104620803A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting chilies. The method comprises the steps of seed collecting, cultivating, planting, harvesting and processing and other technical links. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the yield of the planted chilies is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of capsicum.
Background technology
Screw green pepper is first cross elephant skin greens pepper, higher than similar variety yield, the ground plantations such as suitable Shandong, northwest five province and Hainan.
Capsicum is one of main vegetable crop of China, has purposes widely, both can eat raw, be again important condiment, in vegetables industry, occupy consequence, become food indispensable in people's daily life.
Capsicum is divided into the types such as goat's horn green pepper, long red pepper, capsicum annum fasciculatum, line green pepper, pimento by the fruit properties according to capsicum; According to purposes, capsicum can be divided into be eaten raw, processes two classes.Quality of Capsicum comprises marketing quality, nutritional quality and flavor quality.Marketing quality mainly comprises the appearance character of fruit, which determines the commercial value of capsicum; Nutritional quality mainly comprises the nutrient component such as vitamin, dry matter content, and flavor quality refers to capsaicin content etc., and the thing that nutritional quality and flavor quality determine capsicum is worth.
China's pepper cultivation is with a long history, and germ plasm resource is enriched, and cultivated area occupies first of the world, and Annual planting area, more than 1,300,000 hm2, plays an important role in the vegetables anniversary stable market supply of guarantee China.Capsicum produces has become the important component part of many provinces and cities of China "three highs" agriculture, has become one of the pillar industry in many cities, county.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of capsicum, and the yield of hot pepper of the method plantation is high, quality good, glossy, cutin thickness, and economic benefit is very considerable.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
An implantation methods for capsicum, comprises the steps:
nursery:the annual the first tenday period of a month in November start the nursery of capsicum Parent.First sterilization and pharmacy disinfection process are carried out in seedbed and parental seed before nursery: 1, warm water sterilization: when selecting that distilled water is boiled is cooled to 55 degrees centigrade again to 100, parental seed is poured in warm water and be stirred to cooling, then soak 5 hours.This method can be killed the germ on parental seed substantially.2, with potassium permanganate solution, nursery Special hole dish is carried out disinfection.3, electric blanket of people being slept is laid on seedling bed and is electrified, and seedling culture hole plate is placed on and electric blanket is warmed up to (electric blanket is heated and can directly cave dish mesostroma be heated up) between 25-30 degree, spill suitable quantity of water, moisture content inquire for dry see wet.4, after emerging about a week, electric blanket is moved, use boiler heating instead.Boiler heating also makes whole seedling growth greenhouse air themperature be increased to about 20 degree.5, emerge and carry out a sterilization with " iprodione " after a week and prevent and treat epidemic disease etc., within latter every 15 days, carry out preventing and treating damping off with " Pu Like ", avoid occurring courses of infection in pepper breeding process, the seedling age phase is about three months as far as possible.
divide alms bowl:in order to ensure the steady growth of capsicum seedling, there is not excessive growth and crazy strain phenomenon, strengthen capsicum seedling divide cultivation after adaptive capacity, capsicum seedling first will carry out a point alms bowl job (capsicum seedling use be manually transplanted to and adopt in nutritive cube that nutritive soil preparation is good) before being transplanted to land for growing field crops.In nutritive cube, vegetative period is about 30 days, and both after year, early March started to enter land for growing field crops young crops transplanting.
management:1, prevention germ killing drugs once (first time spray " hundred is safe ", second time spray " Jia Ruinong ", third time spray " agricultural streptomycin ", the 4th spray " Jin Lei ") must be sprayed after transplanting every 15 days.Spray once " Ningnanmycin " in addition every month to prevent virus diseases, every month will spray once " Imidacloprid " and prevent aphid.2, professional protected personnel must be had every day to check the state of an illness in land for growing field crops, find that there is diseased plant and must dial in time and remove, find that ill leaf must cut off.3, land for growing field crops all adopts dropper technology, and must have greenhouse gardening.Booth is equipped with plastics Anti-fogging Film and sun-proof net, can not drench with rain capsicum, otherwise when Pepper Leaves has wet, spore that fungi produces easily lives with on blade, then can spread to healthy plant very soon via wind or farm implements and pedestrian.Sun-proof net is that the sunshine saturation point when noon should cover sun-proof net more than 70,000 lux-hours at once.Happiness photosensitiveness capsicum light saturation point is strangled 3.5 ten thousand---50,000 strangle within, illumination is too strong, and then plant is unfavorable carries out photosynthesis, even occurs phenomenons such as " fruits of burning day ".To enhance field management in a word, to guarantee not allow young crops infect any germ in crossover process; Enhance field management, allow seed health enter first-filial generation.
pollination:can adopt after door green pepper bud is full manually to kind of a flower producing Crossbred.Pollination operation: male parent male flower is taken maternal female flower bud of pollinating.Pollination Best Times is every morning 6:30-9:30, afternoon, about 4:30-6:30 was (for ensureing seed quality, when temperature is more than 30 degree and overcast and rainyly do not take hybridization pollination work), pollination period is about one month (being both as the criterion about every strain result 20 achievements).For improving seed purity and germination rate, often making one between pollination period and becoming kind green pepper will carry out strain note.The blowing work of capsicum seedling top to be carried out, to ensure the full grains of the capsicum normal growth after pollinating and commercial seed after pollination terminates.
maturing stage: plant green pepper and within latter about 60 days, enter picking time (harvesting standard is popular in fruit, plant grain is full to be as the criterion) about bearing fruit.Secondary cleaning to being carried out to the non-hybridization fruit of slipping through the net during blowing before gathering, and necessarily marked achievement be gathered, to there being the achievement and have the achievement of small holes caused by worms to remove of catching an illness, can not adopt.
seeds processing: produce high quality seed after planting green pepper Fruit machine barking.Wet seed will clean in time, dry, airing (after seed airing moisture reach 8% and be qualified with below).It is selected that the qualified rear seed screening machine of moisture carries out more than secondary continuously, then employing manually picks up choosing to the black seed of seed.The sterilization seed coat agent dressing blent finally is used to complete.
The advantage of the screw green pepper of the inventive method plantation:
The screw green pepper look that implantation methods of the present invention obtains is green, fresh fruit brightness is high, screw-type; Pungent is dense, fresh, the thin matter of thick flavor, skin is crisp, entrance is stale-proof without depositing about 50 days under slag, normal temperature; Stalk is sturdy, not easily lodge, blade is plump, disease resistance is strong, heatproof high yield.
Product coefficient of stabilization, up to more than 99%, achieves Chinese hybrid capsicum polyphyly and to reestablish diplomatic relations new breakthrough.
Product of the present invention inherits the heavy advantage of maternal product, in turn ensure that its output after hybridization.On average every 500 grams of single fruits are at about 60 for market, Jiangxi soil capsicum, and per mu yield is about about 2000 jin.And the every 500 grams of single fruits of product after hybridization only have about 10, per mu yield can reach about 15000 jin, single fruit weight about 50 grams, and economic worth is high.
Inherit maternal advantage, color and luster is dark green, vivid, entrance is good without slag, commodity, and resistance to transport, holding time are long, and normal temperature can deposit commodity green pepper about 50 days between 10-20 degree Celsius.
Inherit that male parent high antiviral is sick, rust staining is sick, blight, base rot disease, epidemic disease etc., high temperature resistant plantation, adapts to high mountain, hills plantation especially.
The dense pungent of inheritor's male parent, giving off a strong fragrance taste and dense delicate flavour, excellent taste.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.The method described in the embodiment of the present invention that it should be understood that is only used for the present invention is described, instead of limitation of the present invention, under concept thereof of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention to the simple modifications of preparation method of the present invention.
One, seedling culture
(1) bed soil preparation
1, subsoil: dig 12-15cm, breaks up the clods, and picks clean foreign material.Every square metre of subsoil applies " strengthening agent " 50g and " Carbendazim+Thiram " 5-8g, and it is dark evenly to puddle 10cm, treads and paves.
2, overburden soil: select aseptic, without worm's ovum, without the garden loam of grass-seed or green onion garlic ground soil (forbidding to use the soil that 1 year used weed killer herbicide).Use after sieving.
(2) type of seeding
1, the sowing time: March 1 was to March 10.
2, thickness of sowing: every square metre of effective area 26-30g (determine by thousand kernel weight, every square of grain of rice number is no more than 4200).
3, type of seeding: broadcast sowing.Thickness of earth covering 1cm, covering with plastic film immediately after broadcasting.
(3) seedbed management
1, remove mulch film: come up about 70% time remove mulch film, seedling occur top soil time beat ram-jolt gently with crude iron silk.
2, temperature controls: do not leak informaton when before coming up, ground temperature is no more than 30 DEG C.After being unearthed, daytime controls between 25-28 DEG C, night about 15 DEG C; 5-7 days before transplanting, controls at about 25 DEG C daytime, does not put straw mat, carry out practicing seedling during outdoor temperature more than 5 DEG C at night.
3, moisture management: not non-irrigatedly not water, which which drought waters; Cloudy day does not water fine day and waters, and does not water afternoon and waters the morning.
4, top dressing: spray foliage fertilizer when there is de-fertile phenomenon, sprays calcareous fertilisers in 5-7 days before transplanting.
5, seedling standard: plant height 6-8cm, visible true leaf more than 4, without dead leaf, without diseased plant, plant color is normal.
Two, seedling is cultivated
What most peasant household bought is pepper seedling, needs to transplant, cultivates as seedling, just can carry out the earth field planting.
1, booth construction: select leeward on the sunny side, fill with the convenient place of draining, build north-south shed or East and West direction Yimianpu canopy, skirt film be had, to leak informaton.Canopy height 1.5-2m, width 4-8m, length apparent area and determining, general per hectare need transplant canopy 300m
2left and right.At the beginning of 34 months the end of month, detain canopy heat.
2, bed soil process: the soil property of seedling bed will be avoided sticky heavy, and bed surface weeds and residual branch lose leaf and will clean out.Add appropriate fertilizer depending on soil fertility, generally every square metre is no more than 1.5kg, and fertilizer must fully become thoroughly decomposed (preferably next year fertile), must smash after sieving and use.Every square metre of composite fertilizer 50g separately adding " strengthening agent " or N, P, K content each 15%.Muck is evenly spread on bed surface, and turn over 15cm deeply, bulk must be smashed when turning over, pick up clean foreign material, loam is puddled evenly, and prevent fertility uneven, growing way is uneven, or occurs to burn seedling phenomenon.Pave after slightly treading, being convenient to the later stage waters as far as possible.
3, trasplanting method: transplant time generally started April 15, and be not later than 20 at the latest, correct time is determined depending on weather condition and booth heat-retaining condition.Transplanting den-sity is not less than 5 × 5cm
2.Trasplanting method: fill with permeable before transplanting, pour water while strike off furrow face with plank, ensures the not inclined moisture in the soil in furrow face.Must print by strain, line-spacing, equidistantly plant seedling, plant rear mistake and watered once little water again in 1-2 hour.
4, seedling management: transplanting stage total principle is " front short after control ", " temperature control does not control water ".The front heat and moisture preserving as far as possible of slow seedling, canopy temperature is no more than 30 DEG C and need not leaks informaton, and will put little wind, preferably take the mode of sheltering from heat or light to lower the temperature when temperature is too high.Daytime about 25 DEG C after slow seedling, night about 15 DEG C.Between seedling-slowing stage, bed soil can not be shown in dry, water in time, waters and will carry out the morning at fine day.According to bed clay fertilizer power and green pepper seedling growing way after slow seedling, execute a urea, every square metre of 25g in conjunction with punching of pouring water, when punching is fertile, the water yield wants foot, prevents from burning seedling.Also can spray 2-3 foliage fertilizer, about interval 5-7 days, field planting first about 10 days (height of seedling 17-20 centimetre) is watered permeable, and stronger ventilation amount gradually, reduce canopy temperature, control to water, within 3-4 days to field planting, remove canopy film (comprising skirt film), carry out rice shoot exercise.
Three, field production
(1) selection of land selects stubble
Select that physical features is smooth, fertility is higher, water condition good plot plantation capsicum, the sticky important place not selecting gas permeability bad and Low land do green pepper field, avoid continuous cropping as far as possible, meet stubble and Chinese sorghum, beet, millet and other solanaceous crops do front stubble.
(2) whole ground overlay film
Capsicum plot of planting preferably is ploughed, and that can not plough also will dig clean crops for rotation.Method of soil preparation has two kinds, and one is after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, and does little high furrow, the wide 90cm of furrow, furrow width 30cm between furrow, button fabric width 90-100cm mulch film, and both sides, furrow face plant " turning word " seedling, and this method adapts to sand; Another kind is that first " three ploughs are worn " beats ridge, row spacing 60-65cm, and fabric width 60cm mulch film is covered on single ridge or fabric width 120cm mulch film is covered on two ridge, and ridge plants seedling, and this method adapts to blackland along the river.Overlay film should carry out for 7-10 days before transplanting, before overlay film, ridge (furrow) face is paved, and fills with water of revealing the exact details, after not gluing, and overlay film immediately, moisture-heat preservation.Available weed killer herbicide 48% drag-line, per hectare medication 3000 milliliters is watered 750 kilograms, or is watered 750 kilograms by 50% Acetochlor per hectare 1500 milliliters, is sprayed on face, ridge, overlay film immediately after spray.Pressure to be strained tight during overlay film.
(3) rational application of fertilizer
Base fertilizer is fertile based on agriculture, supplements a certain amount of chemical fertilizer.Produce the standard of dry green pepper 5000 kilograms according to per hectare, according to soil fertility quality and the fertile quality of agriculture, per hectare applies the fertile 30-50 ton of agriculture.Except agriculture fertilizer, chemical fertilizer per hectare amount of application is the composite fertilizer 500 kilograms that (formula 1) N, P, K respectively contains 15%, 200 kilograms, urea; Or (formula 2) 300 kilograms, urea, two ammoniums 150 kilograms, potassium sulfate 150 kilograms.Above-mentioned fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields before 2/3rds dozens of ridges, the ditch spread that its excess-three is divided.Base fertilizer must even deep placement, and the most handy empty ploughshare wears one time at primitive groove, then at He Long, loam is mixed, with burn-out-proof seedling.
(4) field planting in good time
Field planting is excessively late, end water not enough, envelope is covered sternly, muck burning seedling causes the principal element that survival rate is low, the underproduction is serious.Therefore, must grasp in field planting process following some:
1. resident time: get final product field planting after latest frost, normal year, about 20 days May, terminated before May 25.Accomplish and resolutely refuse to plant seedling in June.
2. plantation density: fertilely easily rare, unfertile land is easily close.General hectare bag seedling 5.5-6 ten thousand strain.60cm row spacing, spacing in the rows 28-30cm, 65cm row spacing, spacing in the rows 26-28cm.
3. field planting method: water must be sat and transplant, depth of planting 8-10cm.Perforating can plant after overlay film, also before overlay film, first can dig hole, after overlay film, in hole, plant seedling.Planting seedling must be real, and envelope hole must be tight, prevents from hanging dry, air-dry.
4. field planting is poured water: planted certain area and must water once permeable, two ridges overlay film to accomplish irrigation under film.
(5) field management
1. Scientific irrigation: capsicum is afraid of that flood is afraid of drought again, except must water during field planting permeable except, should the principle of this " three see " (seeing that seedling is seen with seeing in sky) in field management process, little water duty is watered, and can't cause field ponding.In rainy season in 7 ~ August, prevention waterlogging should be noted, timely draining.
2. topdress: first time, door green pepper flowering stage, per hectare imposed 200 kilograms, urea, or nitrophosphate fertilizer 300 kilograms 15 ~ 20 June in good time; Second time is in capsicum result Sheng phase mid-July, and per hectare imposes 150 kilograms, urea, or nitrophosphate fertilizer 200 kilograms.Method preferably between two strains dazzling point execute, also can spread fertilizer over the fields in conjunction with the furrow that waters.
3. the control of disease pest and weed:
1) disease control: will strengthen management to enrich muck, chemical control is auxiliary.Second crop soil should enrich farmyard manure, suitably sprays the foliage fertilizer containing various trace elements.
Blossom-end rot: belong to physiological disturbance, result initial stage high temperature and drought susceptible disease.Should to pour water cooling, in advance foliage-spray calcareous fertilisers, their early stage can spray 70% thiophanate methyl, and 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid preventing secondary infects.
Shot hole: the full bearing period is as continuous wet weather or the rapid fine susceptible disease of anxious rain.At premorbid or their early stage DT bactericide, should can kill to obtain new phytomycin 500 times of liquid, or prevent and treat with the medical penicillin of agricultural streptomycin every sprayer 500-800 ten thousand unit.
Bacterial wilt: meta-alkalescence soil susceptible disease.Will concentrate control at the initial stage of a disease, method carries out filling root with the new phytomycin of agricultural streptomycin 500 times of liquid to diseased plant and surrounding plant, and the liquid 250 milliliters prepared is filled with in every strain, the control of the medicine of blade face spray simultaneously, the same shot hole of method.No matter which kind of disease, all will accomplish that vehicle concentration is accurate, and spray medicine is careful, and make liquid whole plant, particularly blade is all stained with liquid up and down, and is evenly distributed.
2) pest control: mainly prevent eliminating aphis.Find that aphid will prevent and treat early, prevent and treat with Imidacloprid (as " large gram of worm ").
3) prevention and control of weeds: will pull out weeds between seedling eye and ridge in time, reduces liquid manure loss.
4. prune and pinch off young shoots: after seedling is delayed in field planting, the side shoot below door green pepper will be destroyed in time, accomplishes that twig is only very little.August 10 started, and pinched from capsicum branch top bud part, promoted bottom fruit maturation.
5. inserted link hurdle frame: grow vigorous plot, for preventing later stage green pepper seedling lodging, inserting a waddy every 5-8m, being connected on waddy and straining, hot pepper crop is clipped between two ropes in plant both sides with two nylon ropes on ridge.Small size green pepper field can support with waddy branch.Per hectare produces dry pepper 5000 kilograms.
Claims (1)
1. a pepper planting method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
nursery:
1, warm water sterilization: when selecting that distilled water is boiled is cooled to 55 degrees centigrade again to 100, parental seed is poured in warm water and be stirred to cooling, then soak 5 hours;
2, with potassium permanganate solution, nursery Special hole dish is carried out disinfection;
3, electric blanket of people being slept is laid on seedling bed and is electrified, and seedling culture hole plate is placed on and electric blanket is warmed up to (electric blanket is heated and can directly cave dish mesostroma be heated up) between 25-30 degree, spill suitable quantity of water, moisture content inquire for dry see wet;
4, moved by electric blanket after emerging about a week, use boiler heating instead, boiler heating also makes whole seedling growth greenhouse air themperature be increased to about 20 degree;
5, emerge and carry out a sterilization with " iprodione " after a week and prevent and treat epidemic disease etc., within latter every 15 days, carry out preventing and treating damping off with " Pu Like ", avoid occurring courses of infection in pepper breeding process, the seedling age phase is about three months as far as possible;
divide alms bowl:
Capsicum seedling first will carry out a point alms bowl job before being transplanted to land for growing field crops, and in nutritive cube, vegetative period is about 30 days, and both after year, early March started to enter land for growing field crops young crops transplanting;
management:
Prevention germ killing drugs must be sprayed every 15 days once, first time spray " hundred is safe ", second time spray " Jia Ruinong ", third time spray " agricultural streptomycin ", the 4th spray " Jin Lei " after transplanting; Spray once " Ningnanmycin " in addition every month to prevent virus diseases, every month will spray once " Imidacloprid " and prevent aphid; Land for growing field crops all adopts dropper technology, and must greenhouse gardening be had, booth is equipped with plastics Anti-fogging Film and sun-proof net, at once sun-proof net should cover sun-proof net when the sunshine saturation point at noon more than 70,000 lux-hours, and happiness photosensitiveness capsicum light saturation point is strangled 3.5 ten thousand---50,000 strangle within;
pollination:can adopt manually to kind of a flower producing Crossbred after door green pepper bud is full, pollination operation: male parent male flower is taken maternal female flower bud of pollinating, pollination Best Times be every morning 6:30-9:30, afternoon about 4:30-6:30, pollination period is about one month;
maturing stage: plant green pepper and within latter about 60 days, enter picking time about bearing fruit, harvesting standard is popular in fruit, plant that grain is full to be as the criterion.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104920036A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-23 | 绥阳县富鑫经济综合开发有限公司 | Pepper planting method |
| CN105123195A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-09 | 太仓市雅丰农场专业合作社 | Hot pepper planting method |
| CN107912236A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-17 | 熊新家 | A kind of implantation methods of capsicum |
| CN108605701A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-10-02 | 云南老厨娘食品有限公司 | A kind of artificial culturing method of wild hot millet |
| CN109805014A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-28 | 贵州省辣如意食品有限责任公司 | A kind of formulation of pesticide for promoting pepper plant to grow tall |
| CN109845597A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽禾新现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving capsicum winter resistance |
| CN113287505A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-24 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Pepper floating seedling raising method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN107912236A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-04-17 | 熊新家 | A kind of implantation methods of capsicum |
| CN109805014A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-28 | 贵州省辣如意食品有限责任公司 | A kind of formulation of pesticide for promoting pepper plant to grow tall |
| CN109845597A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽禾新现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving capsicum winter resistance |
| CN113287505A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-24 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Pepper floating seedling raising method |
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