CN107593311A - The method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil - Google Patents
The method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil, comprise the following steps：Arrange plot, begin sowing in good time, seedling management, field management and in good time harvest；Wherein, arrange plot and use ploughing and rotary tillage, and cover mulch film, it is 30~40 to apply weight ratio:8~12:20~30:8~12:6~10:6~10:3~5 desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, the improving fertilizer of ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride.The present invention can make the improved, process green pollution-free in whole salt-soda soil, and improved effect protrudes；Industrial crops can be used as by planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, be also used as landscape ornamental plant, that is, added economic benefit and beautified environment again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improvement technical field, more particularly to the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil.
Background technology
At present, alkaline land improvement mainly has following several technical measures：
1st, water conservancy improves, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching：Suitable for the higher well-drained region of physical features.
2nd, biological modification：Improve salt-soda soil micro-ecological environment, using bio-organic fertilizer, while supplementing organic matter, increase
Add soil beneficial microorganism quantity, make to establish new microecological balance between alkaline land soil, plant and microorganism, reach raw
The target of thing control.
3rd, chemical modifying：Per hectare applies 15 tons or so of gypsum, makees base manure and once applies, and can also combine local actual arable land
In the conditioned soil of alkaline spot and grassland alkaline spot.
4th, ground is ploughed deeply, at least to descend to dig more than 70 centimeters, continuously plough deeply 2 years to 3 years, it is general when could solve to pour substantially
The problem of alkali.
5th, soil moved in improve the original is improved：In weight alkaline spot plot, alkaline spot is dug into deep 40cm, backfilling new soil.
But each of the above method all there is it is more or less the shortcomings that, each method be used alone when it is basic
On all cure the symptoms, not the disease, be also usually to take one of them small aspect to carry out part improvement in the prior art；So need
A kind of effective comprehensive processing method of science is improved to salt-soda soil, fundamentally improves salt-soda soil, then utilizes improvement
Corresponding industrial crops are planted in salt-soda soil afterwards, maintain and improve improved effect and bring economic benefit.
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is the abbreviation of " oil sunflower ", is one of Chinese four big oil crops.The sunflower seeds of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers extracts
Grease, the advanced edible sunflower oil for the low cholesterol that can squeeze out.Because oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers possesses, breeding time is short, and cultivation management is simple, economical
Extensive and drought-enduring, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant the growth characteristic of high efficiency, adaptability, is able to plant extensively in varieties in saline-alkali areas.
By the way that different ameliorative measures is combined, coordinate and plant corresponding plant, can be rapidly in varieties in saline-alkali areas shape
Into vegetation, then by artificial and natural regulation process, it is maximally effective approach to carry out improvement to the soil in salt-soda soil.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil is provided.The party
Method is that improving fertilizer is applied in plantation plot, first ploughing rotary tillage again, covers mulch film, sowing, sand seal implantation hole, field management；It is so logical
Cross and apply improving fertilizer and plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to maintain and improve the effect in improvement salt-soda soil, reach alkaline land improving and increase economic benefit
Dual purpose.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that：
The method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil, comprises the following steps：
A. plot is arranged：First apply improving fertilizer before sowing, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, plough deeply 20~25 lis
Rice, harrows ground neat and well spaced flat, and covers mulch film；
B. begin sowing in good time：Date of seeding, is preferably sowed in late March to early April, and implantation hole is set on mulch film, enterprising in implantation hole
Row program request, per two to five, cave；Program request sowing quantity is 0.5 kilogram every mu, and sowing is preferably shallow unsuitable deep, 3~5 centimetres, soil moisture content
Moisture creating is wanted to sow when poor；Oily 60~65 centimetres of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Planting Row Distance, 25~30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, there is the plot of irrigation conditions, can be appropriate
Line-spacing is increased, reduces spacing in the rows, improves Irradiance, increases yield；
C. seedling management：Seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand, when filling the gaps with seedlings in a pair of true leaves timely balled transplanting, be not easy to reseed；
Thinning is carried out when first pair of true leaf deploys, second or the 3rd pair of true leaf carry out final singling when deploying.
D. field management：1) rich water quality management：Absorption of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to fertilizer and moisture is less early stage, and the later stage is more；Should be timely
Fertilising, watering；2) tillage and weeding：2~3 intertillages are carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding time, intertillage for the first time combines thinning and carried out, and second
Secondary intertillage final singling is carried out after one week, and third time intertillage is carried out before buddingging, and combines ridging, and ridging height is more than 10 centimetres,
To promote oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers well established and vigorously developing, prevent from lodging；3) prune ventilation：The phase is formed in floral disc, and the axillary bud of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and upper part can be grown point
Branch, branch is extractd in time, promote the growth of stem floral disc；4) bee pollination：Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is entomophilous flower crop, by insect pollination
Can be solid；General use puts honeybee pollination in a suitable place to breed, and a hive bee can bear 5~6 mu of ground pollinations；, must human assistance such as without honeybee source
Pollination, method is to, lightly rubbing with the hands together by a pair of floral discs, and the time should be since when spending in full bloom, every 1~2
It is carried out once, general 2~3 times；Pollination is best to 11 effects of the morning after dew is done in the morning every time；5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control,
The corresponding prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out to different regions or different cultivars；
E. harvest in good time：Usually late June to early July harvests, and can manually be harvested during physiological maturity.
Oil sunflower seed is rich in unrighted acid-linoleic acid needed by human, and content is up to 58%~69%, risen in human body
To the effect of " street cleaner ", can remove internal " rubbish "；Sunflower oil is rich in vitamin E, without erucic acid, without cholesterol,
Without aflatoxins；With light, appetizing, moistening lung, qi-restoratives, beauty, reducing blood lipid and other effects, it is eaten for a long time and health care is played to human body
Effect.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is mainly born on sand, drought-enduring, cold-resistant, impoverishment tolerant.Therefore, be advantageous in alkaline land improving plantation at initial stage
Vegetation is quickly formed, improves soil texture.
The improving fertilizer, including weight ratio are 30~40:8~12:20~30:8~12:6~10:6~10:3~5 it is de-
Sulphur gypsum, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride.
Preferably, in described step a every mu apply 3~5 tons of improving fertilizer.
Preferably, the implantation hole sand seal lid in described step b after program request.
Preferably, cleaning eliminates mulch film while tillage and weeding in described step d.
Preferably, 5~7 kilograms of urea can be imposed in described step d every mu of seedling stage, florescence top dressing combines watering, often
Mu applies 15~20 kilograms of urea, 10~15 kilograms of potassium sulfate, the cm of fertilization depth 10.
Preferably, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth water requirement early stage is small in described step d, during surface pond, answers timely draining, prevents rotten
Root is dead；Buddingging to the pustulation period, such as running into damage caused by a drought, should water in time.
Preferably, harvest need to become yellowish-brown by 8~10 days floral discs using mechanical harvest after physiological maturity in described step e
During color.
Preferably, it is 35 that described improving fertilizer, which includes weight ratio,:10:25:10:8:8:It is 4 desulfurated plaster, flyash, swollen
Moisten soil, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention is using improving fertilizer and plants oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers improvement salt-soda soil；Wherein desulfurated plaster can be improved effectively in improving fertilizer
Salt affected soil, calcium ion-exchanged caused by the sodium ion and gypsum dissolution in soil, supplement calcium ion can eliminate carbonate to planting
The toxic action of thing, reduce the basicity of soil, adjust the pH value of soil, improve the dispersiveness of soil sticking grain, make soil permeability
Property improve, while also containing the mineral element such as the necessary sulphur of plant growth, silicon, useful crop plants growth in desulfurated plaster；Flyash
Main oxides composition be:SiO2、Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2、MgO、K2O、Na2O、SO3、MnO2Deng additionally
There is P2O5Deng content of mineral substances enriches, and can effectively provide mineral matter element, and the unburned carbon granule in flyash is loose more
Hole, it can effectively improve the structure of alkaline land soil；On the one hand bentonite also has mineral matter, on the one hand also act as binding agent
Effect；Zeolite is enhydrite, inside there is cavity, can play suction-operated, improves soil texture situation, maintains the fertilizer of fertilizer
Effect；Urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride provide plant growth necessary element accordingly；
The collective effect of improving fertilizer and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers increases soil fertility, improves soil texture；
Using ploughing again after rotary tillage, it can more effectively improve soil texture, beneficial to salinity with deposit of moisture；
Plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and use mulch film and sand seal implantation hole technology, emergence rate, survival rate and the yield of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can be improved, together
When pin soil in moisture, reduce soil salt.
Therefore, the improved, process green pollution-free in whole salt-soda soil, improved effect protrude；Planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can conduct
Industrial crops, are also used as landscape ornamental plant, that is, add economic benefit and beautified environment again.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment one, alkaline land improving fertilizer production one
A. it is 40 by weight:8:20:12:10:6:3 prepare desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphorus
Sour ammonium and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer, and
Urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in the water of corresponding weight, are added in above-mentioned pulverizer and fully mixed with above-mentioned mixture
Close；
B. mixed material is entered into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
C. packing, which preserves, produces improving fertilizer.
Embodiment two, alkaline land improving fertilizer production two
A. it is 30 by weight:12:30:8:6:10:5 prepare desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphorus
Sour ammonium and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer, and
Urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in the water of corresponding weight, are added in above-mentioned pulverizer and fully mixed with above-mentioned mixture
Close；
B. mixed material is entered into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
C. packing, which preserves, produces improving fertilizer.
Embodiment three, alkaline land improving fertilizer production three
A. it is 35 by weight:10:25:10:8:8:4 prepare desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, phosphorus
Sour ammonium and calcium chloride, desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite and calcium chloride are added to and crushes and mixes in pulverizer, and
Urea and ammonium phosphate are dissolved in the water of corresponding weight, are added in above-mentioned pulverizer and fully mixed with above-mentioned mixture
Close；
B. mixed material is entered into comminutor to be granulated, then dry forming.
C. packing, which preserves, produces improving fertilizer.
Example IV, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cultivation
A. plot is arranged：First apply improving fertilizer before sowing, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, plough deeply 20~25 lis
Rice, harrows ground neat and well spaced flat, and covers mulch film；3~5 tons of improving fertilizer is applied for every mu according to soil fertility situation；
B. begin sowing in good time：Date of seeding, is preferably sowed in late March to early April, and implantation hole is set on mulch film, enterprising in implantation hole
Row program request, per two, cave；Program request sowing quantity is 0.5 kilogram every mu, and sowing is preferably shallow unsuitable deep, 3~5 centimetres, during soil moisture content difference
Moisture creating is wanted to sow；Oily 60~65 centimetres of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Planting Row Distance, 25~30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, has the plot of irrigation conditions, can suitably increase
Line-spacing, spacing in the rows is reduced, improve Irradiance, increase yield；
C. seedling management：Seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand, when being short of seedling in a pair of true leaves timely balled transplanting, be not easy to reseed；
Thinning is carried out when first pair of true leaf deploys, second or the 3rd pair of true leaf carry out final singling when deploying.
D. field management：1) rich water quality management：Absorption of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to fertilizer is less early stage, and the later stage is more；Need potassium more, need nitrogen
Take second place, need phosphorus minimum.In seedling stage, every mu can impose 5~7 kilograms of urea, and florescence top dressing combines watering and ditched, and every mu is applied urea 15
~20 kilograms, 10~15 kilograms of potassium sulfate, the cm of fertilization depth 10.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth water requirement early stage is small, and excessive rainfall is also
It can cause excessive growth, during surface pond, answer timely draining, prevent rotten death.Buddingging to the pustulation period, such as running into damage caused by a drought, should and
When water；2) tillage and weeding：2-3 intertillage is carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding time, intertillage for the first time combines thinning and carried out, in second
Carried out after ploughing final singling one week, third time intertillage is carried out before buddingging, and combines ridging, and ridging height is more than 10 centimetres, to promote
Oil-feed certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is well established and vigorously developing, prevents from lodging, while remove mulch film；3) prune ventilation：Some kinds form the phase in floral disc, in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers on
The axillary bud in portion can grow branch, although can also form floral disc, usual floral disc is small, hollow kernels, also affects stem flower
The development of disk.Branch is extractd in time, promote the growth of stem floral disc.Have what scab occurred for excessively in great numbers or blade, with
And the strong yellow leaf of bottom will be extractd in time, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light；4) bee pollination：Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is entomophilous flower crop, is awarded by insect
Powder could be solid；General use puts honeybee pollination in a suitable place to breed, and a hive bee can bear 5~6 mu of ground pollinations；, must be artificial such as without honeybee source
Supple-mentary pollination, method are to, lightly rubbing with the hands together by a pair of floral discs, and the time should be since when spending in full bloom, every 1
Carry out once within~2 days, general 2~3 times；Pollination is best to 11 effects of the morning after dew is done in the morning every time；5) pest and disease damage is prevented
Control, the corresponding prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out to different regions or different cultivars；
E. harvest in good time：Usually late June to early July harvests, and physiological maturity standard turns yellow for plant stem, leaf
Piece is largely withered and yellow, sagging or come off, and the floral disc back side becomes yellowish-brown pericarp and become hard manually to harvest, the field of mechanical harvest
Block, to become optimal during yellowish-brown by 8~10 days floral discs after physiological maturity.
Embodiment five, application effect
From in March, 2016 in September, 2016, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in the saline and alkaline plot in Inner Mongol Dengkou County with this fertilizer, before cultivation first
Base fertilizer is made using improving fertilizer, centre supplements appropriate inorganic fertilizer；Meanwhile set control field, using general planting method without
Treated salt-soda soil plot and do not add improving fertilizer, do not use ground membrane technology plantation as control 1.During plantation, to oil
The plant height of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, root system, growth etc. are detected, and the plot plant for finding to handle by the present invention increases obvious, and root system is more
Prosperity, yield substantially increase.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers average yield per mu increases income 143 kilograms than control group then, and every mu averagely increases income more than 700 yuan；Flower
Tourism is viewed and admired in phase also opening, and realization increases income.
By the plantation in a season, 0~30cm soil layers salt content from 0.3~0.4% be reduced to 0.1~0.2%, pH from
8.3 fall below 7.4；And the barren situation of the alkaline land soil that is effectively improved planting area, the total nitrogen content increase in soil
47~51%, edaphon content improves 31%；Soil total gap rate reaches 48% or so, and it is left that ventilative hole reaches 16%
It is right.
As can be seen here, the present invention is notable to the improved effect in salt-soda soil.
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content of the invention lectured has been read, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (9)
1. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A. plot is arranged：First apply improving fertilizer before sowing, the leveling earth after ploughing and rotary tillage, plough deeply 20~25 centimetres,
Ground rake is neat and well spaced flat, and covers mulch film；
B. begin sowing in good time：Sowed in late March to early April, implantation hole is set on the mulch film, carried out a little in implantation hole
Broadcast, per two to five, cave；
C. seedling management：Look into seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings, it is ensured that full stand；
D. field management：Including rich water quality management, tillage and weeding, prune ventilation, bee pollination and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
E. harvest in good time：Late June to early July harvests, and can manually be harvested during physiological maturity；
The improving fertilizer, including weight ratio are 30~40:8~12:20~30:8~12:6~10:6~10:3~5 desulfurization stone
Cream, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride.
2. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is every in the step a
Mu applies 3~5 tons of improving fertilizer.
3. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step b midpoints
Implantation hole sand seal lid after broadcasting.
4. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step d
Cleaning eliminates mulch film while tillage and weeding.
5. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step d
Rich water quality management can impose 5~7 kilograms of urea every mu of seedling stage, and florescence top dressing combines watering, every mu apply 15~20 kilograms of urea,
10~15 kilograms of potassium sulfate, the cm of fertilization depth 10.
6. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Mended in the step d
During seedling in a pair of true leaves timely balled transplanting, be not easy to reseed；Carry out thinning when first pair of true leaf deploys, second or the 3rd pair
True leaf carries out final singling when deploying.
7. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Beaten in the step d
Wooden fork ventilation is to form the phase in floral disc, extracts the branch that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and upper part is grown from axillary bud in time, promotes the growth of stem floral disc.
8. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Received in the step e
Obtain using mechanical harvest need to floral disc becomes yellowish-brown within 8~10 days after physiological maturity when.
9. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The improving fertilizer includes
Weight ratio is 35:10:25:10:8:8:4 desulfurated plaster, flyash, bentonite, zeolite, urea, ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride.
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| CN109287392A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fertilizing method of slight alkaline land kind herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers |
| CN111373992A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-07 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Planting method of oil sunflower in saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20180119 |