CN103988685A - High-yield culture technology of selenium-enriched peanuts - Google Patents
High-yield culture technology of selenium-enriched peanuts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield culture technology of selenium-enriched peanuts. By spraying a mixed nutrient solution with microelements such as boron and molybdenum and photosynthetic bacteria on the surfaces of leaves during different peanut growth periods and meanwhile spraying a selenium-enriched nutrient solution with a certain number of selenium elements, the effects of high yield, increased yield and stabile selenium element content are achieved for the peanuts, the yield per mu of the peanuts is improved by 30% through combination with a scientific and reasonable sowing and field management method; in addition, by mixing farmyard organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and a certain amount of ammonium selenate for decomposition and stack retting before peanut sowing and meanwhile broadcasting the mixture before turning and plowing so as to combine soil fertilization with leaf surface fertilization, especially combine organic selenium application in soil with inorganic selenium application on leaf surfaces, the selenium content of the peanuts is increased, the selenium content of the peanuts produced through the technology is stabilized within the range from 0.18 mg/kg to 0.2 mg/kg, and the health care effect of the peanuts is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to peanut cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts.
Background technology
Peanut is the important economic crops of China, be rich in fat and protein, and containing the multivitamins such as thiamine, vitamin b3, niacin, content of mineral substances is also very abundant, particularly contains the necessary amino acid of human body, there is promotion brain cell development, strengthen the function of memory, both edible, also can use by feed, being the important raw material of industry, is again large exporting.Of many uses, in national economy, account for critical role.
For a long time, peanut cultivation does not have the high-yield culturing mode of system perfecting, make peanut cultivation close not high, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, peanut can not well carry out photosynthesis, add microelement deficiencies and peanut nutrition growth imbalance, cause peanut per mu yield level to be restricted, conventionally mu 200-300 kilogram.
Selenium is as the trace element of needed by human, in the plantation of crops, day by day paid attention to, but the effect of bringing into play in the growth of current peanut is less, mainly because Root Absorption trace element in peanut growth process is very little, by general applying containing the fertilizer of selenium, realize the rich selenium DeGrain of peanut in soil, especially the soil of China 70% is poor selenium soil, only rely in Root Absorption soil selenium to produce selenium-rich peanuts with health role be almost impossible.
Beihai is peanut major production areas, Guangxi, and cultivation history is long, widely distributed.Along with the development of industry restructuring and market economy, Beihai peanut is produced and is developed rapidly, is Main Economic crop and oil crop, occupies critical role in agricultural planting structure.Development peanut is produced and has been become one of important channel of growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income.In recent years, Beihai Hepu County is creating energetically nuisanceless peanut production base and is carrying out on the basis of assert in the nuisanceless peanut place of production, implement national oil crop high yield and create ten thousand mu of demonstrative projects of peanut, how to utilize geographical environment advantage to realize the selenium-rich peanuts high-yield culturing that health-care effect is high, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The high-yield culture technique that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of selenium-rich peanuts, by the different times at peanut growth, carry out foliage-spray and comprise boron, molybdenum, iron, the mixotrophism liquid of the trace elements such as zinc and photosynthetic bacteria, spray the selenium-rich nutritive liquid with a certain amount of selenium element simultaneously, making peanut realize high yield increases income, the effect that selenium constituent content is stable, in trace element, use iron ammonium sulfate Substitute For Partial ferrous sulfate simultaneously, use potassium borohydride Substitute For Partial boric acid, can play the effect that regulates soil pH, prevent soil transition acidifying, improve soil permeability, effective crop rotation that improves output and be conducive to soil,
Another object of the present invention is, by the stack retting that becomes thoroughly decomposed after mixing with farm organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and a certain amount of ammonium selenate before peanut seeding, easily absorbed, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of nutritive element general equilibrium, simultaneously by spreading fertilizer over the fields before turning over, soil application and foliage-spray are combined, especially in soil, apply Organic Selenium and foliage-spray inorganic selenium combines, make in peanut growth process more abundant to the absorption of selenium element, improve the Se content in peanut, increase health-care effect and output.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of site preparation and fertilization that comprises is provided, seed selection sowing and comprise bud before the field management method of the systematic science such as weeding, split application and irrigation and drainage, realize high-yield culturing and the management of peanut.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A high-yield culture technique for selenium-rich peanuts, is characterized in that,
In peanut lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of the growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively of blooming, the component that comprises following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, go back foliage-spray selenium-rich nutritive liquid, in described selenium-rich nutritive liquid, comprise sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2;
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step 1, site preparation and fertilization, select suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over after the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed ridging, ploughing depth 25-30cm;
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, shines prior to seeding fruit and peel off after 2-3 days, and after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, kind of benevolence is carried out beginning sowing in good time after dressing seed, and sowing depth 3-7cm;
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2sowing area is with being sprayed on Mian Jilong both sides, ridge after 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the preparation method of mixed fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step 1 is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg are mixed with the fertilizer that mixes stack retting prior to seeding, wherein according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained, is applicable to sowing area 600-800m
2.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the application process of the described mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in 2/3 left and right, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue 1/3 left and right is concentrated and spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or do cover seed manure use; In addition, before turning over simultaneously according to 20-25kg/600-800m
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields respectively ash and lime.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, can sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is chosen in before and after solar term in the beginning of spring, and sows when 5d is on average stabilized in more than 15 ℃ at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: with in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 30-50% Seedvax wetting powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent one or more respectively by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight with plant benevolence and mix.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, in step 2, adopt rational close planting method to sow, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, each ridge face sowing 4-6 is capable, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, and in after planting suppressing.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, when field management described in step 3 is also included in peanut seedling stem and grows 3-5 blade, in conjunction with fertilization strategy, intertill and loosen the soil, wherein said fertilization strategy is according to every 600-800m
2the consumption that imposes peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg or urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, both peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth is vigorous while having excessive growth lodging phenomenon to occur, in peanut begin to spend rear 25-30d, every 600-800m
2with 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g, be watered 50-60kg and spray, meanwhile, can add the inorganic fertilizer that spray contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum.
Preferably, in the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and within 6-8 days before turning over, sprays 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase is pulled out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is buried or burn outside growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at place, sick cave simultaneously.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the high-yield culture technique of a kind of selenium-rich peanuts of the present invention, by the different times at peanut growth, carry out the mixotrophism liquid that foliage-spray comprises the trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, iron, zinc and photosynthetic bacteria, spray the selenium-rich nutritive liquid with a certain amount of selenium element simultaneously, make peanut realize the effect that high yield increases income, selenium constituent content is stable.Wherein molybdenum is one of necessary trace element of growth and development of plants, at present knownly can promote legume root system development, impel the distribution of root system wide and dark, increase the absorption area of root system, strengthen the absorbing capacity of root system to nutrient, and improve the drought-resistance ability of plant, in soybean planting, application has significant effect of increasing production, but in peanut cultivation, lacks use experience.Equally, boron element is particularly important to growing of some crops, the soil that lacks boron can cause pollen development bad, few and the tubbiness of root system, poor growth, form colored and unreal result, therefore in the plantation of peanut, increasing both production and income is played to vital effect, the present invention fully takes into account molybdenum and the importance of boron element in peanut cultivation, by repeatedly spraying the nutrient solution that contains these two kinds of elements, fully guarantee these two kinds micro-supplementing in time, make peanut yield improve more than 10%, simultaneously, add photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum, effectively improve the photosynthesis of plant, improve output 8%,
In addition, in general fertilizers, supplement ferro element and use ferrous sulfate, although ferrous sulfate has comparatively stable, the advantage of good absorbing, but make soil pH value reduce for a long time, easily cause soil compaction, permeability is poor, affect the long-term utilization of output and soil, and the present invention uses iron ammonium sulfate Substitute For Partial ferrous sulfate, guarantee on the one hand content and the assimilation effect of ferro element, can play on the other hand the effect that regulates soil pH value, prevent soil transition acidifying, improve soil permeability, effective crop rotation that improves output and be conducive to soil, equally, use potassium borohydride Substitute For Partial boric acid, also be to guarantee on the one hand the absorption of boron element, effectively regulate on the other hand soil pH value, effectively reduce the adverse consequences of using inorganic fertilizer to cause soil.Through facts have proved in a large number, the mixotrophism liquid that use contains potassium borohydride and iron ammonium sulfate sprays and than the nutrient solution that contains merely boric acid and ferrous sulfate, sprays peanut yield and can improve 10%, and more loose than the soil that uses general nutrient solution to spray.In conjunction with science, reasonably sow and field management method, the present invention can make the overall raising 30% of peanut per mu yield.
In addition, by use farm organic fertilizer before peanut seeding, stack retting becomes thoroughly decomposed after inorganic fertilizer and a certain amount of ammonium selenate mix, easily absorbed, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of nutritive element general equilibrium, simultaneously by spreading fertilizer over the fields before turning over, soil application and foliage-spray are combined, especially in soil, apply Organic Selenium and foliage-spray inorganic selenium combines, make in peanut growth process more abundant to the absorption of selenium element, improve the Se content in peanut, Se content in institute of the present invention yield peanut is stabilized in 0.18-0.2mg/kg, and Se content is only below 0.05 in the peanut of conventional method cultivation, greatly increased the health-care effect of peanut, selenium constituent content is in reasonable absorbs the scope of selenium element simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is elaborated, after making those of ordinary skills consult this specification, can implement according to this.
A high-yield culture technique for selenium-rich peanuts, wherein,
In peanut lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of the growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively of blooming, the component that comprises following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, go back foliage-spray selenium-rich nutritive liquid, in described selenium-rich nutritive liquid, comprise sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2.
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step 1, site preparation and fertilization, select suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over after the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed ridging, ploughing depth 25-30cm.Selection ecotope is good, the light loam that physical features is smooth, soil structure is suitable, physicochemical character is good, plow layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is higher, acid-base value ph value is 6-7 or sandy loam plantation.Provenance selection without or not polluted by Industrial " three Waste " and agricultural, urban life, Biohazard Waste, away from traffic main arteries such as highway, station, airport, harbours, and source of irrigation water upstream does not form the pollution source of prestige association to home environment, and heavy metal free pollutes.Carry out rice field-upland field rotation, previous crops be take paddy rice as good, after late rice results, turn in time and shine ground, make soil reach deeply, loose, thin, broken, flat, without weeds, do not harden, water content is moderate and irrigation and drainage condition easily, thereby make growing in suitable soil environment of peanut, be conducive to the raising of output.
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, shines prior to seeding fruit and peel off after 2-3 days, and after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, kind of benevolence is carried out beginning sowing in good time after dressing seed, and sowing depth 3-7cm.Selecting suitable kind is that peanut obtains highly efficient and productive key, should select through authorization, promote, breeding time is suitable, more precocious, plant type is compact, it is concentrated to bear pods, drought resistance is strong and compared with the improved seeds of disease-resistanting leaf spot.In can selecting, spend the kinds such as No. six, profound oil 75, Guangdong oil 13, profound oil 41.Need prior to seeding to carry out certain seed preparation work, seed preparation work for guarantee one broadcast full stand and improve peanut yield, quality is most important.
First select two a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc.s to reserve seed for planting, seed selection is chosen seeds again to the pod of reserving seed for planting before peeling off, and selects full two a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc.s to plant.Secondly, for improving germination capacity of seeds, before peeling off, need to shine fruit 2～3d.Broadcast the front after-ripening that fruit can increase seed of shining, break the dormancy of seed, promote the activity of enzyme, be conducive to the conversion of nutrient in seed, improve the vitality of seed, in addition, shine fruit and also can make seed drying, strengthen kind of the saturating property of skin, improve the pressure of soaking into of seed, strengthen water absorbing capacity, promote the germination of sprouting of seed, particularly and duration of storage poor to maturity was subject to the seed effect of tide particularly evident; Shine fruit and can also play bactericidal action.Peanut husking should not be too early, because of the seed after peeling off easily absorbs moisture, strengthen respiration, accelerate the activity of enzyme, promote Substance Transformation, consume a large amount of nutrients, reduction germinating capacity, therefore, the time of peeling off from the sowing time of peanut is better close to more.
After peeling off, carry out classification grain-by-grain seed selection, sick worm, broken hinder kernel and not plump benevolence picks, the kind benevolence that large grain, middle grain are used as to plant is divided into I and II seed, receives and keeps respectively, sows.Before sowing, carry out germination test, select seed quality good, the kind benevolence that germination rate is high, directly sows by dry kind of benevolence.
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2sowing area is with being sprayed on Mian Jilong both sides, ridge after 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.Wherein irrigation and drainage is mainly according to peanut growth how many, Rainfall distribution situation of precipitation in the phase, need to the decide irrigation and drainage of each growing stage of soil moisture content and peanut to soil moisture, and peanut is met drought and will be poured water in time after blooming.More for Beihai peanut growth middle and later periods rainwater, field ponding is too much, soil lacks air, to get rid of in time excess surface water, too much moisture in lowering of watertable and minimizing plow layer, to regulate soil temperature, humidity, ventilation and nutrition condition, keep good soil structure, for peanut is created good growing environment.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the preparation method of mixed fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step 1 is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg are mixed with the fertilizer that mixes stack retting prior to seeding, wherein according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained, is applicable to sowing area 600-800m
2.Wherein said fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, and according to soil fertility condition, takes the circumstances into consideration to determine the consumption of the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and consumption described herein is applicable to the field of medium fertility.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, described in the become thoroughly decomposed application process of mixed fertilizer be: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in 2/3 left and right, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue 1/3 left and right is concentrated and is spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or do cover seed manure use; In addition, before turning over simultaneously according to 20-25kg/600-800m
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields respectively ash and lime.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, can sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is chosen in before and after solar term in the beginning of spring, and sowing when 5d is on average stabilized in more than 15 ℃ at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm, now 5cm soil layer humidity accounts for 50% of maxmun field capacity; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.The type of seeding of peanut at present mainly contains: Traditional Man sowing, semi-mechanization sowing and three kinds of modes of Mechanization sowing, wherein relatively save time with efficient with semi-mechanization sowing and Mechanization sowing.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: with in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 30-50% Seedvax wetting powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent one or more respectively by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight with plant benevolence and mix.
Can select different medicaments to dress seed according to different needs, not only can improve the resistant to diseases and insects of peanut, and the element that can supplement the nutrients, strengthen the vigor of Kernel of Peanut, strengthen its drought resistance etc., guarantee that peanut seedling is neat, seedling is complete, seedling is strong, for peanut good quality and high output is laid good basis.Conventionally use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 40% Seedvax wetting powder can effectively prevent that by the 0.3%-0.5% seed dressing of seed weight Roots of Peanut maize ear rot, the crown rot that because of fungus in soil, may cause from causing rotten dead seedling.With 50% Phoxim emulsion, by 0.2% seed dressing of grain weight, can prevent and treat soil insect in seedling stage.Can at seeding time seed and medicinal powder together be poured in little basin, firmly shake up, medicament is attached on kind of skin, then seed is sown in soil.Also can before broadcasting, by seed coat agent, be watered seed dressing and coating, both prevent and treat disease, also can promote Development of Peanut.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, in step 2, adopt rational close planting method to sow, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, preferred 20cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, preferred 23cm, face sowing 4-6 is capable for each ridge, preferred 5 row, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, preferably 2, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, is advisable with 5cm, grasp " dry do not plant dark, wet do not plant shallow " and sticky shallow of soil property, dark principle is wanted in the plot of sandy soil ground or Sha Xing great, and cultivates and the most deeply can not surpass 7cm, is shallower than 3cm most.And in after planting suppressing, broadcasting rear suppression is the successful experience that full stand is guaranteed in Drought Resistance in Peanut sowing, after suppression, not only can reduce soil water evaporation, and can make Kernel of Peanut and soil close contact, impel soil lower floor moisture to rise, prevent that Kernel of Peanut from becoming dry, and is convenient to seed germination and emerges.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, when field management described in step 3 is also included in peanut seedling stem and grows 3-5 blade, in conjunction with fertilization strategy, intertill and loosen the soil, wherein said fertilization strategy is according to every 600-800m
2the consumption that imposes peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg or urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, both peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth is vigorous while having excessive growth lodging phenomenon to occur, in peanut begin to spend rear 25-30d, every 600-800m
2with 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g, be watered 50-60kg and spray, meanwhile, can add the inorganic fertilizer that spray contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum.
In the high-yield culture technique of described selenium-rich peanuts, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and within 6-8 days before turning over, sprays 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase is pulled out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is buried or burn outside growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at place, sick cave simultaneously.
In addition, field management also comprises a series of biological controls, physical control and chemical prevention and control method, is specially:
Biological control, selects the low toxicity chemical pesticide little to natural enemy lethality, and protection natural enemy, utilizes natural enemy.
Physical control, is used good many boards frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp and yellow plate can trap and kill the various pests such as cotton bollworm, thrips, cutworm, nocturnal moth class.
Chemical control, agricultural chemicals is used in strict accordance with < < Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region agriculture environmental protection regulations > >, < < chemistry security and uses standard > > and < < agricultural chemicals reasonable application > > to carry out.Bacterial wilt, after peanut seeding, usable highly effective bactericide loose grade as withered in green grass or young crops in 30d left and right is watered filling root; Rust, be with medicament control at the initial stage of a disease, conventional medicament has 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture bordeaux mixture, 150 times of dilutions of 50% colloid sulphur, 800 times of dilutions of 15% trazodone wettable powder or 500-600 times of dilution of 75% tpn wetting powder etc.; Leaf spot, spray for the first time at the initial stage of a disease medicine, every 10-15d spray once, 2-3 time continuously, conventional medicament has 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture, 150 times of dilutions of 50% colloid sulphur, 1000 times of dilutions of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 600-800 times of dilution of 75% tpn wetting powder etc.Different agricultural chemicals are used alternatingly can doublely control the multiple peanut diseases such as crown rot and stem rot; , at blade, there are not yet to spread 3000 times of liquid of full Tian Shiyong 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 300 times of liquid of 50% Aphox or 1000 times of dilutions of 40% Rogor or 1500 times of dilution controls of 50% dichlorvos in aphid; Nocturnal moth class is prevented and treated with 90% chlorophos crystal or 1000 times of dilutions of 50% dichlorvos when finding just hatching larva, the Ke Jian insect of cultivating peanut Zhiduo County; The plague of rats, the used time is used the diphacinone-Na poison bait unification of high-efficiency low-toxicity to kill mouse prior to seeding and after blooming.
Peanut should be determined according to the appearance of kind and plant suitable harvest time.Peanut is the crop that infinitely blossoms and bears fruit, and pod formation time and development degree on same plant are very inconsistent.In production generally with plant by green flavescence, stem retains 3-4 sheet greenery, most of pod is ripe, pearl beans type kind plumpness reaches more than 75%, as the sign of field peanut maturation.Accomplish timely results, prevent shedding, germination, reduce infection by Aspergillus flavus chance, after results, will dry in time, reach safe moisture 15% and preserve when following.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed utilization in specification and embodiment, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other modification, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (10)
1. a high-yield culture technique for selenium-rich peanuts, is characterized in that,
In peanut lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of the growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively of blooming, the component that comprises following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, go back foliage-spray selenium-rich nutritive liquid, in described selenium-rich nutritive liquid, comprise sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2;
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step 1, site preparation and fertilization, select suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over after the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed ridging, ploughing depth 25-30cm;
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, shines prior to seeding fruit and peel off after 2-3 days, and after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, kind of benevolence is carried out beginning sowing in good time after dressing seed, and sowing depth 3-7cm;
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2sowing area is with being sprayed on Mian Jilong both sides, ridge after 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.
2. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of mixed fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step 1 is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg are mixed with the fertilizer that mixes stack retting prior to seeding, wherein according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained, is applicable to sowing area 600-800m
2.
3. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the application process of the described mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in 2/3 left and right, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue 1/3 left and right is concentrated and spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or do cover seed manure use; In addition, before turning over simultaneously according to 20-25kg/600-800m
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields respectively ash and lime.
4. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, can sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is chosen in before and after solar term in the beginning of spring, and sows when 5d is on average stabilized in more than 15 ℃ at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.
5. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: with in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 30-50% Seedvax wetting powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent one or more respectively by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight with plant benevolence and mix.
6. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts rational close planting method to sow in step 2, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, each ridge face sowing 4-6 is capable, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, and in after planting suppressing.
7. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when field management described in step 3 is also included in peanut seedling stem and grows 3-5 blade, in conjunction with fertilization strategy, intertill and loosen the soil, wherein said fertilization strategy is according to every 600-800m
2the consumption that imposes peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg or urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
8. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
9. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, both peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth is vigorous while having excessive growth lodging phenomenon to occur, in the peanut beginning, spend rear 25-30d, every 600-800m
2with 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g, be watered 50-60kg and spray, meanwhile, can add the inorganic fertilizer that spray contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum.
10. the high-yield culture technique of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and within 6-8 days before turning over, sprays 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase is pulled out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is buried or burn outside growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at place, sick cave simultaneously.
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| CN107172945A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-19 | 陆鹏 | One implantation methods cultivated peanut |
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