CN109380069A - A kind of implantation methods of tomato - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN109380069A CN109380069A CN201811334204.3A CN201811334204A CN109380069A CN 109380069 A CN109380069 A CN 109380069A CN 201811334204 A CN201811334204 A CN 201811334204A CN 109380069 A CN109380069 A CN 109380069A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of tomato, mainly it is made of promotion photosynthesis and the multiple links such as the high yield synergy of " physics diseases prevention, biology control worm " of the Seeds preprocess of " ultraviolet radioactive, flotation are soaked seed ", the seedling culture of " vernalization is sowed, fertilising is colonized ", the science plantation of " Discrete control, alternating temperature management ", " temperature control that adds lustre to mends carbon " in due course, using the tomatoes of implantation methods of the present invention, not only fruit is uniform, yield is high, growth cycle is short, also there is nutriment abundant, with more preferably taste and mouthfeel, the benefit of plantation is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technique for cultivating tomato fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of tomato.
Background technique
Tomato also known as tomato, tomato are that Solanaceae tomato genus is annual or herbaceos perennial, originate in South America
Continent, north and south of China are cultivated extensively.Not only nutritive element content is abundant for tomato, eating method multiplicity, and unique flavor also has only
Blood, decompression, diuresis, stomach strengthening and digestion promoting, cool blood flat liver and other effects, very popular, market demand surges in recent years.
Though existing tomato planting mode is more, tomato requires strictly, especially to illumination, temperature and soil environmental condition
Earth nutrient has higher requirement, Seeds preprocess, field management and in terms of be easy to appear many problems, lead
Cause tomato low output, not of uniform size and low quality the problems such as, be not able to satisfy consumer demand.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of tomato, efficient by carrying out to seed
The standardized management of pretreatment and field meets requirement of the tomato in different phase to illumination, temperature and soil nutrient, reduces disease
The uniform in size of tomato, output increased and quality improving are realized in harmful generation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: it includes that ultraviolet radioactive, flotation are soaked seed
Seeds preprocess step；
The seedling culture step of vernalization sowing, fertilising field planting；
Discrete control, the scientific of alternating temperature management plant step；
Add lustre to temperature control, the in due course promotion photosynthesis step for mending carbon；
The high yield Promoting step of worm is controlled in physics diseases prevention, biology.
More specific step are as follows:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing sandy loam, tilling depth 15-25cm, and apply organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer；
(2) canopy nursery is built:
A it) Seeds preprocess: 1-2 days prior to seeding, using ultraviolet lamp treatment with irradiation seed 4-9 hours, then takes out at normal temperature
It being put into seed soaking agent, supernatant seed is pulled out after impregnating 10-15 minutes, remaining seed continues to impregnate 3-6 hours,
It is finally rinsed with clear water, obtains the tomato seeds of full seed, health；
B) vernalization: by treated, tomato seeds are placed in that air humidity is more than 85%, in 18-24 DEG C of temperature of incubator, and are sprayed
The aqueous solution for spilling gibberellin and/or the basic element of cell division carries out vernalization, when 70% or more seed is shown in bud, can stop vernalization, etc.
Wait sow；
C it) sows: first using the seedling medium in carbendazim medicine liquid spray seedlings nursing plate, then the seed broadcasting after vernalization will educated
In seedling matrix；
D it) builds canopy: building warm canopy with steelframe, the setting canopy gradient is 33.5-38.5 degree, seedlings nursing plate after planting is put into warm canopy,
Winter-Spring nursery uses high light transmission plastic foil Insulation, and 15-20 DEG C of day temperature, 10-13 DEG C of night, and it is relatively wet to control soil
Degree is 50-55%, and summer and autumn nursery is cooled down using sunshade net shading, 20-30 DEG C of day temperature, 16-20 DEG C of night, and control soil
Relative humidity is 55-60%；
(3) Seeding planting: when tomato seedling grows to 2-4 piece true leaf, tomato seedling is removed from seedlings nursing plate, is then pressed
1800~1900 plants/acre are colonized in the soil of step (1), and watering is primary in time；
(4) field management:
A) temperature management: before tomato bears fruit, daily 8 points insulating layers for removing warm canopy, and full canopy leaks informaton hydrofuge, the time of leaking informaton is
20-30 minutes, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, temperature of shed is 15-25 DEG C, in 11-14 point, canopy
Interior temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C, in 18. -08 points, by covering and heat insulating layer, in canopy
Temperature is 15-20 DEG C；After tomato bears fruit, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in 8 thirty -11 by daily 8 points of hydrofuges that leak informaton
Point, temperature of shed are 20-25 DEG C, and in 11-14 point, temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed 20-25
DEG C, in 18. -08 points, temperature of shed is 5-15 DEG C；
B) moisture management: being watered using under-film drip irrigation, and 4-7 days lobus cardiacuses are good at after field planting pours 1 seedling recovering water again, later trickle irrigation watering
Primary for 8-10 days, the humidity of soil is 70-80%, and air humidity is 50-60% in canopy；
C) illumination management: should ensure that sufficient illumination in the morning, and properly increase temperature, intensity of photosynthesis favorably be improved, in
The weather that noon is sunny and temperature is high carries out shading cooling using sunshade net；In the period of tomato blooms pollination, illumination is strong
Degree is ten thousand lux 5-7, if cloudy light and declines, sprayable solution of zinc sulfate, promotes plant nutrition flowing, keeps
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell；In the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5；
D) fertilizer management: before tomato bears fruit, apply suitable tomato special fertilizer with water several times, and at daily 11 points and 14 points
Increase CO2Gas fertilizer 1-2 hours, make CO in canopy2Concentration be 600-1000ppm, discharged in fine day abundance, cloudy weather applies
20-30% can be high-volume reduced, the cloudy day generally reduces 50% than fine day, and sleet sky can not be put；After tomato bears fruit, chased after outside root
Add the mixed fertilizer rich in nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, cave of applying fertilizer is 5-10 centimetres with a distance from root, and depth is 8-10 centimetres；
E it) Plant adjustment: using the planting form of single climing training, is hung climing on frame with thin bamboo insert rack or with nylon rope, in life
Flower and fruit thinning is carried out in growth process in time, extra and abnormal flowers and fruits are thinning out in time, to concentrate nutrition supply, are guaranteed just
Product rate；After tomato bears fruit, remove that 2-3 piece in bottom is sick, residual, old leaf in time, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；
F) flower and fruit protecting: in early spring low temperature and early autumn high temperature, flower spike is smeared using the aqueous solution of auxin, concentration is
With temperature inversely, and a small amount of pigment is added in 800-950 times of liquid, the height of concentration in the solution, prevents from repeating to smear producing
Raw malformed fruit；
(5) common prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, object the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: are combined using cultural control, physical method and sprinkling biological agent
Reason method includes adding fly net and suspension ultraviolet light light trap；
(6) fruit harvesting: harvesting in batches after fruit maturation, mitigates plant burden, and when picking will retain carpopodium, convenient for storage and
The needs of long-distance transport.
In preferred scheme, step (1) organic fertilizer is biological organic fertilizer, including composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed natural pond
Gas fertilizer, composite microbe fertilizer, biogas manure dosage be respectively 8-10 kgs/acre and 6-8 ton/mu；Step (1) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Fertilizer is composite chemical fertilizer, and main component is urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate, and wherein the weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:
0.3:1.6。
In preferred scheme, step (2) ultraviolet lamp is low pressure mercury lamp, and the wavelength for issuing ultraviolet light is 250-260
Nanometer, for killing the germ in seed.
In preferred scheme, step (2) seed soaking agent by following weight percent material composition: ferrous gluconate
0.4-0.6%, vitamin C 0.1-0.3%, vitamin D 0.3-0.5%, vitamin E 0.05-0.1%, borax 0.05-0.1%, molybdic acid
Ammonium 0.03-0.06%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03-0.08%, ethylenediamine phosphate 0.1-0.3%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30ppm, chlorination
Potassium 40-60ppm, chitosan oligosaccharide 40-50ppm, olefin conversion 9-15ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 10-15ppm, surplus are water.
In preferred scheme, the concentration of aqueous solution of step (2) gibberellin and/or the basic element of cell division is 600-800 times
Liquid at least sprays 3 times.
In preferred scheme, step (2) described seedling medium includes: 10-20 parts of rice husks, 8-15 parts of crushing by weight
Corncob cellulose, 5-10 part rape cake, 10-15 parts of lotus pool sludge, 2-5 parts of tealeaf residues, 5-10 parts of urea, 8-15 parts of potassium chloride and 2-
5 parts of calcium phosphate, the voidage of seedling medium are 45-55%, and pH value uses the more of 0.4-0.7 grams per liter within the scope of 6.0-7.0
Bacterium medicine liquid continuously sprays 3-5 times seedling medium.
In preferred scheme, step (4) tomato special fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer, mainly by the component system of following weight
At: 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 35-65 parts of ammonium nitrate, 8-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, nitric acid
2-5 parts of calcium, 1-5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-5 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate.
In preferred scheme, step (4) mixed fertilizer is the mixed fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and biology has
Machine fertilizer is made of the fermentation of silkworm faeces, Oletum Columba livia, rabbit excrement, chestnut shell, egg-shell meal, fishbone dust, ashes, rice husk and swill,
Chemical fertilizer includes urea, potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate, and the weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.5:4 in chemical fertilizer.
In preferred scheme, butyric acid potassium and/or Nafusaku are added in step (4) described seedling recovering water, concentration is
3-20ppm。
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of tomato, has the advantages that
1) using organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer collectively as the base fertilizer of plantation tomato, organic fertilizer is composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed
Biogas manure, the quantity of biogas manure is big, nutrient is complete, content is low, fertilizer efficiency Chi Erchang, and multiple beneficial bacterium can decompose in composite microbe fertilizer
Organic matter in biogas manure discharges the nutrient that can be directly utilized by Tomato Root System, improves the physicochemical property of soil, increases soil
Crumb structure, the overall porosity of soil improves 8-15%, and the water content of soil improves 5-8%, builds good growth for root system
Developing environment promotes strengthening root and strong sprout, increases plant resistance, and biological nitrogen fixation bacterium can also ensure tomato in composite microbe fertilizer
It is uniform in size consistent, while applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer that ratio is 1:0.3:1.6, tomato is able to satisfy during the growth process to a large amount of
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needs, the macromolecular in organic fertilizer can also adsorb each metal ion species, microelement in chemical fertilizer, so that fertile
Power slow release, fertilizer efficiency is more longlasting, common to provide, keep or improve plant nutrient, greatly reduces the applied amount of chemical fertilizer, is conducive to
It improves the yield of tomato and improves Tomato Quality；
2) tomato seeds are irradiated using the ultraviolet light that wavelength is 250-260 nanometers, the DNA(deoxidation core in bacterial virus can be destroyed
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid) or RNA(ribonucleic acid) molecular structure, cause growth cell death or regenerative cell dead, to kill
Various germs entrained by seed, reduce the generation of disease；
3) tomato seeds are impregnated using seed soaking agent, flotation agent of the ethylenediamine phosphate as seed in seed soaking agent can wrinkle
The kind grain surface of contracting generates bubble, and not full kind grain and field trash are emerged and removed, so that it is neat to make to come up
Unanimously, convenient for the management in later period, and seed soaking agent nutriment also rich in, expelling parasite medicament and antimicrobial protection agent, not only
The activity that various enzymes can be improved, promotes the sprouting of seed, so that the seedling cultivated, has obtained sufficient nutrition supply, moreover it is possible to
Enough prevent and walk quickly and keep away subterranean pest-insect, bud, strong bud can be protected；
4) tomato seeds are sprayed using gibberellin and/or the basic element of cell division, plant cell division, the formation of induced bud can be stimulated
With the growth for promoting bud, there is breaking dormancy to seed and bud, promote to sprout, to improve germination percentage, promotes seedling strong
Strong, germination period can shift to an earlier date 1-2 days, shorten nursery stage, improve the quality and efficiency of nursery；
5) seedling medium is sprayed using carbendazim medical fluid continuous several times, sufficiently kills the fungi in seedling medium, tomato can be prevented and treated
Early blight, and raw material needed for preparing seedling medium are simple, at low cost, effect is good, germination percentage reaches 95% or more, cultivates
Seedling rhizome is sturdy, uniformity, disease-resistant and resistance is strong；
6) before tomato bears fruit, nutrient is provided for tomato plant by a small amount of multiple applications water soluble tomato special fertilizer, meets plant
Object root system uninterruptedly absorbs the characteristics of nutrient, avoids leaching loss caused by disposable heavy dressing, and tomato special fertilizer is rich in nitrogen
The microelements such as phosphorus potassium and iron zinc-copper molybdenum manganese, nutrition is comprehensive, seedlings root growth and development and tomato stem-leaf can be promoted to grow, favorably
In the synthesis of protein, promotion quality and improve mouthfeel；
7) top dressing is carried out to the tomato after bearing fruit using the mixed fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, mixed fertilizer not only has
There is raw material to be easy to get, easy to implement and fertilizer efficiency it is reliable and stable, moreover it is possible to utilize swill, turn waste into wealth, coordinate soil nutrient balance,
Absorption convenient for tomato to each nutrient, it is ensured that tamato fruit a large amount of nutritional ingredients, especially potassium needed for expanding period
Fertilizer greatly improves the fruit-setting rate of tomato, and rate of growth is up to 23%, and is conducive to Fruit and fruit color, reduces fruit
The problem of size unevenness；
8) a small amount of butyric acid potassium and/or Nafusaku are added in seedling recovering water, and endogenous hormones in tomato plant body is promoted to close
Not only adventitious root primordia is promoted to sprout by regulating and controlling the activity of important enzyme at the double effects with supplemented with exogenous hormone, can promoted
Young root growth and raising seedlings root vigor, moreover it is possible to keep the higher chlorophyll content of tomato anaphase blade, improve Leaf Physiology
Function, extremely low dosage can reach preferable effect, and the effect of strong plantlets and rootage is good, and cheap；
9) scientific plantation is carried out to tomato using the field management of Discrete control, in terms of temperature management, for tomato plant
Height morbidity temperature range changes the environment temperature in warm canopy all at 25-30 DEG C, using alternating temperature management, generally using means such as radix saposhnikoviaes
Strict control temperature of shed is lower than 25 DEG C, temperature of shed is quickly ramped up to 30-35 DEG C using means such as heaters at noon, not only
To pasteurised completely has been carried out in canopy, be conducive to disease control, also improve ground temperature, enhances the photosynthesis of tomato, be conducive to
Output increased, Fruit, fruit color and listing ahead of time, while after tomato bears fruit, keep the day and night temperature in warm canopy to exist
10 DEG C or so, be conducive to the accumulation of photosynthate, improve the amino acid to dissociate in tomato, soluble sugar and protein
The nutritive value of content, tomato is higher, and then improves the quality of tomato；In terms of fertilizer management, before tomato bears fruit, repeatedly with
Water applies suitable tomato special fertilizer, can meet the wilderness demand to nitrogenous fertilizer, and according to weather condition, feed CO at times2Gas
Fertilizer properly increases CO in canopy2Content increases rate of photosynthisis, after tomato bears fruit, using mixed fertilizer additional outside root, can meet pair
The demand of potash fertilizer surges, and in each growth and development stage, supplies different fertilizer in time, improves the yield and quality of tomato；?
In terms of illumination management, the setting canopy gradient is 33.5-38.5 degree, changes the greenhouse gradient of 45 degree of tradition, on the one hand make 7-9 point with
The sunray of 15-17 point is vertical with the plastic film on the surface Wen Peng, reduces the reflection of sunray, to make up tomato in 7-9
The disadvantage of illumination deficiency between point and 15-17 point, on the other hand makes the plastic film on midday sun light and the surface Wen Peng
Angle is smaller, is conducive to reflect extra light, avoiding the temperature of warm canopy at noon is more than 35 DEG C, in the pollination of blooming of tomato
Phase, control intensity of illumination are ten thousand lux 5-7, in cloudy day sprayable solution of zinc sulfate to promote plant nutrition to flow, are kept
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell, in the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5, prevents Plant Leaf
Piece moisture largely evaporates, and influences Fruit；It is cooperated by a variety of field management of the different phase during tomato planting
Processing, so that the tomato plant cultivated is healthy and strong, disease-resistant and resistance is strong, and the yield and quality of tomato is substantially improved, and condition is good, mouth
Feel good, economic effect is very significant, has the prospect promoted and applied.
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.In the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted, to avoid unnecessarily
Obscure idea of the invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of implantation methods of tomato, mainly by the Seeds preprocess of " ultraviolet radioactive, flotation are soaked seed "；It " urges
The seedling culture of bud sowing, fertilising field planting "；The science plantation of " Discrete control, alternating temperature management "；" temperature control that adds lustre to mends carbon in due course "
Promotion photosynthesis；The multiple key link compositions of the high yield synergy of " physics diseases prevention, biology control worm "；Detailed process is as follows for it:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing sandy loam, tilling depth 18cm, and apply organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer；The organic fertilizer is
Biological organic fertilizer, including composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed biogas manure, composite microbe fertilizer, biogas manure dosage be respectively 9 public affairs
Pound/acre and 6 tons/mu, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer be composite chemical fertilizer, main component be urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate,
The weight ratio of middle N P and K is respectively 1:0.3:1.6；Using organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer collectively as the base fertilizer of plantation tomato,
The physicochemical property for not only improving soil, prevents soil hardening, and the macromolecular in organic fertilizer can also adsorb various gold in chemical fertilizer
Belong to ion, microelement, so that fertility slow release, fertilizer efficiency is more longlasting, reduces the applied amount of chemical fertilizer, is conducive to improve tomato
Yield and improvement Tomato Quality；
(2) canopy nursery is built:
A it) Seeds preprocess: 1 day prior to seeding, using ultraviolet lamp treatment with irradiation seed 8 hours, then takes out and is put at normal temperature
In seed soaking agent, supernatant seed is pulled out after impregnating 12 minutes, remaining seed continues to impregnate 4 hours, finally with clear
Water rinses, and obtains the tomato seeds of full seed, health；The ultraviolet lamp is low pressure mercury lamp, and the wavelength for issuing ultraviolet light is
250-260 nanometers, for killing the germ in seed；The seed soaking agent by following weight percent material composition: glucose
Sour ferrous iron 0.4%, vitamin C 0.2%, vitamin D 0.5%, vitamin E 0.08%, borax 0.06%, ammonium molybdate 0.04%, five water sulphur
Sour copper 0.05%, ethylenediamine phosphate 0.3%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 25ppm, potassium chloride 45ppm, chitosan oligosaccharide 48ppm, olefin conversion 12ppm,
Compound sodium nitrophenolate 14ppm, surplus are water；Flotation agent of the ethylenediamine phosphate as seed, by not full kind grain and field trash emersion
The water surface simultaneously removes, and borax, chitosan oligosaccharide and olefin conversion can prevent and walk quickly and keep away subterranean pest-insect, compound nitrophenol as expelling parasite and antimicrobial agent
The activity that sodium can promote cellular plasm flowing, improve various enzymes, remaining improves nutriment abundant for seed, is conducive to train
Bring out healthy and strong seedling；
B) vernalization: by treated, tomato seeds are placed in the incubator that air humidity is more than 19 DEG C of 85%, temperature, and are sprayed red
The aqueous solution of mycin carries out vernalization, for stimulating seed inner cell to divide, the formation of induced bud and the growth for promoting bud, when 75%
Above seed is shown in bud, can stop vernalization, waits sowing；The concentration of aqueous solution of the gibberellin is 750 times of liquid, is sprayed 3 times；
C it) sows: first using the seedling medium in carbendazim medicine liquid spray seedlings nursing plate, then the seed broadcasting after vernalization will educated
In seedling matrix；The seedling medium includes: 15 parts of rice husks, 12 parts of crushing maize stick cores, 8 parts of rape cakes, 12 parts by weight
Lotus pool sludge, 3 parts of tealeaf residues, 8 parts of urea, 11 parts of potassium chloride and 3 parts of calcium phosphate, the voidage of seedling medium are 48%, and pH value exists
Within the scope of 6.0-7.0, and 5 times, sufficiently killing nursery base are continuously sprayed to seedling medium using the carbendazim medical fluid of 0.45 grams per liter
Fungi in matter prevents and treats early blight of tomato；
D it) builds canopy: building warm canopy with steelframe, the setting canopy gradient is 35.5 degree, for reducing the reflection of sunray, to make up kind
Eggplant is insufficient in the illumination of 7-9 point and 15-17 point, and seedlings nursing plate after planting is put into warm canopy, and Winter-Spring nursery is moulded using high light transmission
Material film Insulation, 15-18 DEG C of day temperature, 10-12 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 50-55%, summer and autumn nursery
Cooled down using sunshade net shading, 22-28 DEG C of day temperature, 16-18 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 55-60%；
(3) Seeding planting: when tomato seedling grows to 3 true leaves, tomato seedling is removed from seedlings nursing plate, is then pressed
1850 plants/acre are colonized in the soil of step (1), and watering is primary in time, irrigates bottom water；
(4) field management:
A) temperature management: before tomato bears fruit, daily 8 points insulating layers for removing warm canopy, and full canopy leaks informaton hydrofuge, the time of leaking informaton is
22 minutes, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, temperature of shed is 15-25 DEG C, warm in 11-14 point, canopy
Degree is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C, in 18. -08 points, passes through covering and heat insulating layer, temperature of shed
It is 15-20 DEG C；After tomato bears fruit, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, canopy by daily 8 points of hydrofuges that leak informaton
Interior temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and in 11-14 point, temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C,
18. -08 points, temperature of shed are 8-15 DEG C；Temperature range is fallen ill all at 25-30 DEG C for the height of tomato plant, and general use is prevented
The means strict control temperature of shed such as wind is lower than 25 DEG C, and temperature of shed is quickly ramped up to 30- using means such as heaters at noon
35 DEG C, not only to pasteurised completely has been carried out in canopy, be conducive to disease control, also improve ground temperature, enhances the photosynthetic work of tomato
With；
B) moisture management: being watered using under-film drip irrigation, and 4-7 days lobus cardiacuses are good at after field planting pours 1 seedling recovering water again, later trickle irrigation watering
Primary for 8 days, the humidity of soil is 70-80%, and air humidity is 50-60% in canopy；It is added with concentration in the seedling recovering water
The butyric acid potassium of 15ppm can promote young root to grow and improve seedlings root vigor, moreover it is possible to keep tomato anaphase blade higher
Chlorophyll content；
C) illumination management: should ensure that sufficient illumination in the morning, and properly increase temperature, intensity of photosynthesis favorably be improved, in
The weather that noon is sunny and temperature is high carries out shading cooling using sunshade net；In the period of tomato blooms pollination, illumination is strong
Degree is ten thousand lux 5-7, if cloudy light and declines, sprayable solution of zinc sulfate, promotes plant nutrition flowing, keeps
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell；In the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5, prevents Plant Leaf
Piece moisture largely evaporates, and influences Fruit；
D) fertilizer management: before tomato bears fruit, apply suitable tomato special fertilizer with water several times, and at daily 11 points and 14 points
Increase CO2Gas fertilizer 1.5 hours, makes CO in canopy2Concentration be 600-800ppm, discharged in fine day abundance, cloudy weather applies
25% can be high-volume reduced, the cloudy day generally reduces 50% than fine day, and sleet sky can not be put；It is additional rich outside root after tomato bears fruit
The mixed fertilizer of nitrogenous, magnesium, calcium and potassium, cave of applying fertilizer are 5-10 centimetres with a distance from root, and depth is 8-10 centimetres, are conducive to root system
It absorbs, will not also burn root；The tomato special fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer, is mainly made of the component of following weight: potassium chloride 18
Part, 55 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 3 parts of ammonium molybdate, manganese sulfate 2
Part, 4 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；The mixed fertilizer is the mixed fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and biological organic fertilizer is by silkworm
Excrement, Oletum Columba livia, rabbit excrement, chestnut shell, egg-shell meal, fishbone dust, ashes, rice husk and swill fermentation are made, chemical fertilizer packet
Urea, potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate are included, the weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.5:4 in chemical fertilizer；According to tomato each
Demand of the growth and development stage to fertilizer is different, supplies different fertilizer in time, improves the yield and quality of tomato, and annual output increases
Add 21.94%；
E it) Plant adjustment: using the planting form of single climing training, is hung climing on frame with thin bamboo insert rack or with nylon rope, in life
Flower and fruit thinning is carried out in growth process in time, extra and abnormal flowers and fruits are thinning out in time, to concentrate nutrition supply, are guaranteed just
Product rate；After tomato bears fruit, remove that 2-3 piece in bottom is sick, residual, old leaf in time, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；
F) flower and fruit protecting: in early spring low temperature and early autumn high temperature, flower spike is smeared using the aqueous solution of auxin, plant is raw
Long hormone is drop-proof agent, and concentration is 800-950 times of liquid, and the height of concentration inversely, and is added in the solution with temperature
A small amount of pigment prevents from repeating to smear generating malformed fruit；
(5) common prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, agriculture the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: are combined using cultural control, physical method and sprinkling biological agent
Industry prevention and treatment includes the field management and different types of crop rotation of the pretreatment of seed, root strong sprout living, and physical method is anti-including adding
Worm net and suspension ultraviolet light light trap；
(6) fruit harvesting: harvesting in batches after fruit maturation, mitigates plant burden, and when picking will retain carpopodium, convenient for storage and
The needs of long-distance transport.
Embodiment 2: a kind of implantation methods of tomato, mainly by the Seeds preprocess of " ultraviolet radioactive, flotation are soaked seed "；It " urges
The seedling culture of bud sowing, fertilising field planting "；The science plantation of " Discrete control, alternating temperature management "；" temperature control that adds lustre to mends carbon in due course "
Promotion photosynthesis；The multiple key link compositions of the high yield synergy of " physics diseases prevention, biology control worm "；Detailed process is as follows for it:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing sandy loam, tilling depth 22cm, and apply organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer；The organic fertilizer is
Biological organic fertilizer, including composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed biogas manure, composite microbe fertilizer, biogas manure dosage be respectively 8 public affairs
Pound/acre and 7 tons/mu；The nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer be composite chemical fertilizer, main component be urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate,
The weight ratio of middle N P and K is respectively 1:0.3:1.6；Using organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer collectively as the base fertilizer of plantation tomato,
The physicochemical property for not only improving soil, prevents soil hardening, and the macromolecular in organic fertilizer can also adsorb various gold in chemical fertilizer
Belong to ion, microelement, so that fertility slow release, fertilizer efficiency is more longlasting, reduces the applied amount of chemical fertilizer, is conducive to improve tomato
Yield and improvement Tomato Quality；
(2) canopy nursery is built:
A it) Seeds preprocess: 1 day prior to seeding, using ultraviolet lamp treatment with irradiation seed 6 hours, then takes out and is put at normal temperature
In seed soaking agent, supernatant seed is pulled out after ten minutes impregnating, remaining seed continues to impregnate 5 hours, finally with clear
Water rinses, and obtains the tomato seeds of full seed, health；The ultraviolet lamp is low pressure mercury lamp, and the wavelength for issuing ultraviolet light is
250-260 nanometers, for killing the germ in seed；The seed soaking agent by following weight percent material composition: glucose
Sour ferrous iron 0.6%, vitamin C 0.3%, vitamin D 0.4%, vitamin E 0.06%, borax 0.08%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, five water sulphur
Sour copper 0.06%, ethylenediamine phosphate 0.2%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 26ppm, potassium chloride 55ppm, chitosan oligosaccharide 45ppm, olefin conversion 10ppm,
Compound sodium nitrophenolate 12ppm, surplus are water；Flotation agent of the ethylenediamine phosphate as seed, by not full kind grain and field trash emersion
The water surface simultaneously removes, and borax, chitosan oligosaccharide and olefin conversion can prevent and walk quickly and keep away subterranean pest-insect, compound nitrophenol as expelling parasite and antimicrobial agent
The activity that sodium can promote cellular plasm flowing, improve various enzymes, remaining improves nutriment abundant for seed, is conducive to train
Bring out healthy and strong seedling；
B) vernalization: by treated, tomato seeds are placed in the incubator that air humidity is more than 22 DEG C of 90%, temperature, and are sprayed thin
The aqueous solution of born of the same parents' mitogen carries out vernalization, for stimulating seed inner cell to divide, the formation of induced bud and the growth for promoting bud, when
70% or more seed is shown in bud, can stop vernalization, waits sowing；The concentration of aqueous solution of the basic element of cell division is 680 times of liquid,
Sprinkling 4 times；
C it) sows: first using the seedling medium in carbendazim medicine liquid spray seedlings nursing plate, then the seed broadcasting after vernalization will educated
In seedling matrix；The seedling medium includes: 18 parts of rice husks, 9 parts of crushing maize stick cores, 9 parts of rape cakes, 10 portions of lotuses by weight
Pool sludge, 2 parts of tealeaf residues, 9 parts of urea, 12 parts of potassium chloride and 4 parts of calcium phosphate, the voidage of seedling medium are 51%, and pH value exists
Within the scope of 6.0-7.0, and 4 times, sufficiently killing nursery base are continuously sprayed to seedling medium using the carbendazim medical fluid of 0.5 grams per liter
Fungi in matter prevents and treats early blight of tomato；
D it) builds canopy: building warm canopy with steelframe, the setting canopy gradient is 36.5 degree, for reducing the reflection of sunray, to make up kind
Eggplant is insufficient in the illumination of 7-9 point and 15-17 point, and seedlings nursing plate after planting is put into warm canopy, and Winter-Spring nursery is moulded using high light transmission
Material film Insulation, 15-20 DEG C of day temperature, 10-13 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 50-55%, summer and autumn nursery
Cooled down using sunshade net shading, 20-30 DEG C of day temperature, 16-20 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 55-60%；
(3) Seeding planting: when tomato seedling grows to 4 true leaves, tomato seedling is removed from seedlings nursing plate, is then pressed
1800 plants/acre are colonized in the soil of step (1), and watering is primary in time, irrigates bottom water；
(4) field management:
A) temperature management: before tomato bears fruit, daily 8 points insulating layers for removing warm canopy, and full canopy leaks informaton hydrofuge, the time of leaking informaton is
20-30 minutes, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, temperature of shed is 15-25 DEG C, in 11-14 point, canopy
Interior temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C, in 18. -08 points, by covering and heat insulating layer, in canopy
Temperature is 15-20 DEG C；After tomato bears fruit, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in 8 thirty -11 by daily 8 points of hydrofuges that leak informaton
Point, temperature of shed are 20-25 DEG C, and in 11-14 point, temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed 20-25
DEG C, in 18. -08 points, temperature of shed is 5-15 DEG C；Temperature range is fallen ill all at 25-30 DEG C, generally for the height of tomato plant
It is lower than 25 DEG C using the means strict control temperature of shed such as radix saposhnikoviae, is at noon quickly risen temperature of shed using means such as heaters
To 30-35 DEG C, not only to pasteurised completely has been carried out in canopy, is conducive to disease control, also improves ground temperature, enhance the light of tomato
Cooperation is used；
B) moisture management: being watered using under-film drip irrigation, and 4-7 days lobus cardiacuses are good at after field planting pours 1 seedling recovering water again, later trickle irrigation watering
Primary for 10 days, the humidity of soil is 70-80%, and air humidity is 50-60% in canopy；It is added with concentration in the seedling recovering water
The Nafusaku of 12ppm can promote young root to grow and improve seedlings root vigor, moreover it is possible to keep the higher leaf of tomato anaphase blade
Chlorophyll contents；
C) illumination management: should ensure that sufficient illumination in the morning, and properly increase temperature, intensity of photosynthesis favorably be improved, in
The weather that noon is sunny and temperature is high carries out shading cooling using sunshade net；In the period of tomato blooms pollination, illumination is strong
Degree is ten thousand lux 5-7, if cloudy light and declines, sprayable solution of zinc sulfate, promotes plant nutrition flowing, keeps
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell；In the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5, prevents Plant Leaf
Piece moisture largely evaporates, and influences Fruit；
D) fertilizer management: before tomato bears fruit, apply suitable tomato special fertilizer with water several times, and at daily 11 points and 14 points
Increase CO2Gas fertilizer 2 hours, makes CO in canopy2Concentration be 800-1000ppm, discharged in fine day abundance, cloudy weather discharges
Amount can reduce 30%, and the cloudy day generally reduces 50% than fine day, and sleet sky can not be put；After tomato bears fruit, addition is rich in outside root
The mixed fertilizer of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, cave of applying fertilizer are 5-10 centimetres with a distance from root, and depth is 8-10 centimetres, are conducive to the suction of root system
It receives, will not also burn root；The tomato special fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer, is mainly made of the component of following weight: 20 parts of potassium chloride,
45 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4 parts of manganese sulfate,
2 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；The mixed fertilizer be biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer be by silkworm faeces,
Oletum Columba livia, rabbit excrement, chestnut shell, egg-shell meal, fishbone dust, ashes, rice husk and swill fermentation are made, and chemical fertilizer includes urine
Element, potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate, the weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.5:4 in chemical fertilizer；According to tomato in each growth
Demand of the stage of development to fertilizer is different, supplies different fertilizer in time, improves the yield and quality of tomato, and annual output increases
23.01%；
E it) Plant adjustment: using the planting form of single climing training, is hung climing on frame with thin bamboo insert rack or with nylon rope, in life
Flower and fruit thinning is carried out in growth process in time, extra and abnormal flowers and fruits are thinning out in time, to concentrate nutrition supply, are guaranteed just
Product rate；After tomato bears fruit, remove that 2-3 piece in bottom is sick, residual, old leaf in time, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；
F) flower and fruit protecting: in early spring low temperature and early autumn high temperature, flower spike is smeared using the aqueous solution of auxin, plant is raw
Long hormone is to bear fruit spirit, and concentration is 800-950 times of liquid, and the height of concentration inversely, and is added in the solution with temperature
A small amount of pigment prevents from repeating to smear generating malformed fruit；
(5) common prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, agriculture the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: are combined using cultural control, physical method and sprinkling biological agent
Industry prevention and treatment includes the field management and different types of crop rotation of the pretreatment of seed, root strong sprout living, and physical method is anti-including adding
Worm net and suspension ultraviolet light light trap；
(6) fruit harvesting: harvesting in batches after fruit maturation, mitigates plant burden, and when picking will retain carpopodium, convenient for storage and
The needs of long-distance transport.
Embodiment 3: a kind of implantation methods of tomato, mainly by the Seeds preprocess of " ultraviolet radioactive, flotation are soaked seed "；It " urges
The seedling culture of bud sowing, fertilising field planting "；The science plantation of " Discrete control, alternating temperature management "；" temperature control that adds lustre to mends carbon in due course "
Promotion photosynthesis；The multiple key link compositions of the high yield synergy of " physics diseases prevention, biology control worm "；Detailed process is as follows for it:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing sandy loam, tilling depth 25cm, and apply organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer；The organic fertilizer is
Biological organic fertilizer, including composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed biogas manure, composite microbe fertilizer, biogas manure dosage be respectively 10 public affairs
Pound/acre and 8 tons/mu；The nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer be composite chemical fertilizer, main component be urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate,
The weight ratio of middle N P and K is respectively 1:0.3:1.6；Using organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer collectively as the base fertilizer of plantation tomato,
The physicochemical property for not only improving soil, prevents soil hardening, and the macromolecular in organic fertilizer can also adsorb various gold in chemical fertilizer
Belong to ion, microelement, so that fertility slow release, fertilizer efficiency is more longlasting, reduces the applied amount of chemical fertilizer, is conducive to improve tomato
Yield and improvement Tomato Quality；
(2) canopy nursery is built:
A it) Seeds preprocess: 2 days prior to seeding, using ultraviolet lamp treatment with irradiation seed 9 hours, then takes out and is put at normal temperature
In seed soaking agent, supernatant seed is pulled out after impregnating 15 minutes, remaining seed continues to impregnate 6 hours, finally with clear
Water rinses, and obtains the tomato seeds of full seed, health；The ultraviolet lamp is low pressure mercury lamp, and the wavelength for issuing ultraviolet light is
250-260 nanometers, for killing the germ in seed；The seed soaking agent by following weight percent material composition: glucose
Sour ferrous iron 0.5%, vitamin C 0.15%, vitamin D 0.35%, vitamin E 0.07%, borax 0.09%, ammonium molybdate 0.6%, five water sulphur
Sour copper 0.07%, ethylenediamine phosphate 0.25%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 28ppm, potassium chloride 50ppm, chitosan oligosaccharide 40ppm, olefin conversion
14ppm, compound sodium nitrophenolate 15ppm, surplus are water；
B) vernalization: by treated, tomato seeds are placed in the incubator that air humidity is more than 24 DEG C of 90%, temperature, and are sprayed red
The aqueous solution of mycin and the basic element of cell division carries out vernalization, for stimulating seed inner cell to divide, the formation of induced bud and promotion bud
Growth can stop vernalization when 70% or more seed is shown in bud, wait sowing；The water of the gibberellin and the basic element of cell division
Solution concentration is 600 times of liquid, is at least sprayed 5 times；
C it) sows: first using the seedling medium in carbendazim medicine liquid spray seedlings nursing plate, then the seed broadcasting after vernalization will educated
In seedling matrix；The seedling medium includes: 20 parts of rice husks, 14 parts of crushing maize stick cores, 6 parts of rape cakes, 11 parts by weight
Lotus pool sludge, 4 parts of tealeaf residues, 10 parts of urea, 14 parts of potassium chloride and 2 parts of calcium phosphate, the voidage of seedling medium are 53%, pH value
Seedling medium is continuously sprayed 3 times within the scope of 6.0-7.0, and using the carbendazim medical fluid of 0.6 grams per liter, sufficiently killing nursery
Fungi in matrix prevents and treats early blight of tomato；
D it) builds canopy: building warm canopy with steelframe, the setting canopy gradient is 38 degree, for reducing the reflection of sunray, to make up tomato
It is insufficient in the illumination of 7-9 point and 15-17 point, seedlings nursing plate after planting is put into warm canopy, Winter-Spring nursery uses high light transmission plastics
Film Insulation, 15-20 DEG C of day temperature, 10-13 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 50-55%, summer and autumn nursery is adopted
Cooled down with sunshade net shading, 20-30 DEG C of day temperature, 16-20 DEG C of night, and controlling relative moisture of the soil is 55-60%；
(3) Seeding planting: when tomato seedling grows to 3 true leaves, tomato seedling is removed from seedlings nursing plate, is then pressed
1900 plants/acre are colonized in the soil of step (1), and watering is primary in time, irrigates bottom water；
(4) field management:
A) temperature management: before tomato bears fruit, daily 8 points insulating layers for removing warm canopy, and full canopy leaks informaton hydrofuge, the time of leaking informaton is
20-30 minutes, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, temperature of shed is 15-25 DEG C, in 11-14 point, canopy
Interior temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C, in 18. -08 points, by covering and heat insulating layer, in canopy
Temperature is 15-20 DEG C；After tomato bears fruit, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in 8 thirty -11 by daily 8 points of hydrofuges that leak informaton
Point, temperature of shed are 20-25 DEG C, and in 11-14 point, temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed 20-25
DEG C, in 18. -08 points, temperature of shed is 5-15 DEG C；Temperature range is fallen ill all at 25-30 DEG C, generally for the height of tomato plant
It is lower than 25 DEG C using the means strict control temperature of shed such as radix saposhnikoviae, is at noon quickly risen temperature of shed using means such as heaters
To 30-35 DEG C, not only to pasteurised completely has been carried out in canopy, is conducive to disease control, also improves ground temperature, enhance the light of tomato
Cooperation is used；
B) moisture management: being watered using under-film drip irrigation, and 4-7 days lobus cardiacuses are good at after field planting pours 1 seedling recovering water again, later trickle irrigation watering
Primary for 8 days, the humidity of soil is 70-80%, and air humidity is 50-60% in canopy；Indoles fourth is added in the seedling recovering water
Sour potassium and Nafusaku, concentration are 8ppm, young root can be promoted to grow and improve seedlings root vigor, moreover it is possible to be kept for the tomato later period
The higher chlorophyll content of blade；
C) illumination management: should ensure that sufficient illumination in the morning, and properly increase temperature, intensity of photosynthesis favorably be improved, in
The weather that noon is sunny and temperature is high carries out shading cooling using sunshade net；In the period of tomato blooms pollination, illumination is strong
Degree is ten thousand lux 5-7, if cloudy light and declines, sprayable solution of zinc sulfate, promotes plant nutrition flowing, keeps
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell；In the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5, prevents Plant Leaf
Piece moisture largely evaporates, and influences Fruit；
D) fertilizer management: before tomato bears fruit, apply suitable tomato special fertilizer with water several times, and at daily 11 points and 14 points
Increase CO2Gas fertilizer 1 hour, makes CO in canopy2Concentration be 600-800ppm, discharged in fine day abundance, cloudy weather discharges
Amount can reduce 20%, and the cloudy day generally reduces 50% than fine day, and sleet sky can not be put；After tomato bears fruit, addition is rich in outside root
The mixed fertilizer of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, cave of applying fertilizer are 5-10 centimetres with a distance from root, and depth is 8-10 centimetres, are conducive to the suction of root system
It receives, will not also burn root；The tomato special fertilizer is water soluble fertilizer, is mainly made of the component of following weight: 25 parts of potassium chloride,
50 parts of ammonium nitrate, 12 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of calcium nitrate, 3 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of manganese sulfate,
5 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrate；The mixed fertilizer be biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer be by silkworm faeces,
Oletum Columba livia, rabbit excrement, chestnut shell, egg-shell meal, fishbone dust, ashes, rice husk and swill fermentation are made, and chemical fertilizer includes urine
Element, potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate, the weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.5:4 in chemical fertilizer；According to tomato in each growth
Demand of the stage of development to fertilizer is different, supplies different fertilizer in time, improves the yield and quality of tomato, and annual output increases
21.36%；
E it) Plant adjustment: using the planting form of single climing training, is hung climing on frame with thin bamboo insert rack or with nylon rope, in life
Flower and fruit thinning is carried out in growth process in time, extra and abnormal flowers and fruits are thinning out in time, to concentrate nutrition supply, are guaranteed just
Product rate；After tomato bears fruit, remove that 2-3 piece in bottom is sick, residual, old leaf in time, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；
F) flower and fruit protecting: in early spring low temperature and early autumn high temperature, flower spike is smeared using the aqueous solution of auxin, plant is raw
Long hormone is dichlorphenoxyacetic acid, and concentration is 800-950 times of liquid, the height of concentration with temperature inversely, and in solution
It is middle that a small amount of pigment is added, it prevents from repeating to smear generating malformed fruit；
(5) common prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, agriculture the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: are combined using cultural control, physical method and sprinkling biological agent
Industry prevention and treatment includes the field management and different types of crop rotation of the pretreatment of seed, root strong sprout living, and physical method is anti-including adding
Worm net and suspension ultraviolet light light trap；
(6) fruit harvesting: harvesting in batches after fruit maturation, mitigates plant burden, and when picking will retain carpopodium, convenient for storage and
The needs of long-distance transport.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the embodiment being not all of, and be not construed as
Limitation of the invention, the technical solution that protection scope of the present invention should be recorded with claim, the skill recorded including claim
The equivalents of technical characteristic are protection scope in art scheme.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also in this hair
Within bright protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of tomato, it is characterized in that: it includes the Seeds preprocess step of ultraviolet radioactive, flotation seed soaking；
The seedling culture step of vernalization sowing, fertilising field planting；
Discrete control, the scientific of alternating temperature management plant step；
Add lustre to temperature control, the in due course promotion photosynthesis step for mending carbon；
The high yield Promoting step of worm is controlled in physics diseases prevention, biology.
2. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: more specific step are as follows:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing sandy loam, tilling depth 15-25cm, and apply organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer；
(2) canopy nursery is built:
A it) Seeds preprocess: 1-2 days prior to seeding, using ultraviolet lamp treatment with irradiation seed 4-9 hours, then takes out at normal temperature
It being put into seed soaking agent, supernatant seed is pulled out after impregnating 10-15 minutes, remaining seed continues to impregnate 3-6 hours,
It is finally rinsed with clear water, obtains the tomato seeds of full seed, health；
B) vernalization: by treated, tomato seeds are placed in that air humidity is more than 85%, in 18-24 DEG C of temperature of incubator, and are sprayed
The aqueous solution for spilling gibberellin and/or the basic element of cell division carries out vernalization, when 70% or more seed is shown in bud, can stop vernalization, etc.
Wait sow；
C it) sows: first using the seedling medium in carbendazim medicine liquid spray seedlings nursing plate, then the seed broadcasting after vernalization will educated
In seedling matrix；
D it) builds canopy: building warm canopy with steelframe, the setting canopy gradient is 33.5-38.5 degree, seedlings nursing plate after planting is put into warm canopy,
Winter-Spring nursery uses high light transmission plastic foil Insulation, and 15-20 DEG C of day temperature, 10-13 DEG C of night, and it is relatively wet to control soil
Degree is 50-55%, and summer and autumn nursery is cooled down using sunshade net shading, 20-30 DEG C of day temperature, 16-20 DEG C of night, and control soil
Relative humidity is 55-60%；
(3) Seeding planting: when tomato seedling grows to 2-4 piece true leaf, tomato seedling is removed from seedlings nursing plate, is then pressed
1800~1900 plants/acre are colonized in the soil of step (1), and watering is primary in time；
(4) field management:
A) temperature management: before tomato bears fruit, daily 8 points insulating layers for removing warm canopy, and full canopy leaks informaton hydrofuge, the time of leaking informaton is
20-30 minutes, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in -11 point of 8 thirty, temperature of shed is 15-25 DEG C, in 11-14 point, canopy
Interior temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed is 20-25 DEG C, in 18. -08 points, by covering and heat insulating layer, in canopy
Temperature is 15-20 DEG C；After tomato bears fruit, temperature of shed is down to 20 DEG C hereinafter, in 8 thirty -11 by daily 8 points of hydrofuges that leak informaton
Point, temperature of shed are 20-25 DEG C, and in 11-14 point, temperature of shed is 30-35 DEG C, in 14. -18 points, temperature of shed 20-25
DEG C, in 18. -08 points, temperature of shed is 5-15 DEG C；
B) moisture management: being watered using under-film drip irrigation, and 4-7 days lobus cardiacuses are good at after field planting pours 1 seedling recovering water again, later trickle irrigation watering
Primary for 8-10 days, the humidity of soil is 70-80%, and air humidity is 50-60% in canopy；
C) illumination management: should ensure that sufficient illumination in the morning, and properly increase temperature, intensity of photosynthesis favorably be improved, in
The weather that noon is sunny and temperature is high carries out shading cooling using sunshade net；In the period of tomato blooms pollination, illumination is strong
Degree is ten thousand lux 5-7, if cloudy light and declines, sprayable solution of zinc sulfate, promotes plant nutrition flowing, keeps
The compatibility of pollen vitality and absciss layer cell；In the fruiting period of tomato, intensity of illumination is ten thousand lux 3-5；
D) fertilizer management: before tomato bears fruit, apply suitable tomato special fertilizer with water several times, and at daily 11 points and 14 points
Increase CO2Gas fertilizer 1-2 hours, make CO in canopy2Concentration be 600-1000ppm, discharged in fine day abundance, cloudy weather applies
20-30% can be high-volume reduced, the cloudy day generally reduces 50% than fine day, and sleet sky can not be put；After tomato bears fruit, chased after outside root
Add the mixed fertilizer rich in nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, cave of applying fertilizer is 5-10 centimetres with a distance from root, and depth is 8-10 centimetres；
E it) Plant adjustment: using the planting form of single climing training, is hung climing on frame with thin bamboo insert rack or with nylon rope, in life
Flower and fruit thinning is carried out in growth process in time, extra and abnormal flowers and fruits are thinning out in time, to concentrate nutrition supply, are guaranteed just
Product rate；After tomato bears fruit, remove that 2-3 piece in bottom is sick, residual, old leaf in time, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light；
F) flower and fruit protecting: in early spring low temperature and early autumn high temperature, flower spike is smeared using the aqueous solution of auxin, concentration is
With temperature inversely, and a small amount of pigment is added in 800-950 times of liquid, the height of concentration in the solution, prevents from repeating to smear producing
Raw malformed fruit；
(5) common prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, object the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: are combined using cultural control, physical method and sprinkling biological agent
Reason method includes adding fly net and suspension ultraviolet light light trap；
(6) fruit harvesting: harvesting in batches after fruit maturation, mitigates plant burden, and when picking will retain carpopodium, convenient for storage and
The needs of long-distance transport.
3. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (1) organic fertilizer is biology
Organic fertilizer, including composite microbe fertilizer and decomposed biogas manure, composite microbe fertilizer, biogas manure dosage be respectively 8-10 public affairs
Pound/acre and 6-8 tons/mu；
Step (1) nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer be composite chemical fertilizer, main component be urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate, wherein
The weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.3:1.6.
4. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) ultraviolet lamp is low pressure
Mercury lamp, the wavelength for issuing ultraviolet light is 250-260 nanometers, for killing the germ in seed.
5. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) described seed soaking agent is by as follows
The material composition of weight percent: ferrous gluconate 0.4-0.6%, vitamin C 0.1-0.3%, vitamin D 0.3-0.5%, dimension
Raw element E0.05-0.1%, borax 0.05-0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.03-0.06%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03-0.08%, ethylenediamine phosphate
0.1-0.3%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30ppm, potassium chloride 40-60ppm, chitosan oligosaccharide 40-50ppm, olefin conversion 9-15ppm, multiple nitre
Phenol sodium 10-15ppm, surplus are water.
6. a kind of implantation methods of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) gibberellin and/or thin
The concentration of aqueous solution of born of the same parents' mitogen is 600-800 times of liquid, is at least sprayed 3 times.
7. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) seedling medium is by weight
Measuring part meter includes: 10-20 parts of rice husks, 8-15 parts of crushing maize stick cores, 5-10 parts of rape cakes, 10-15 parts of lotus pool sludge, 2-5 parts
The voidage of tealeaf residue, 5-10 part urea, 8-15 parts of potassium chloride and 2-5 parts of calcium phosphate, seedling medium is 45-55%, and pH value exists
Within the scope of 6.0-7.0, and seedling medium is continuously sprayed 3-5 times using the carbendazim medical fluid of 0.4-0.7 grams per liter.
8. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (4) described tomato special fertilizer is
Water soluble fertilizer is mainly made of the component of following weight: 15-25 parts of potassium chloride, 35-65 parts of ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8-15
Part, 3-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 1-5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-5 parts of manganese sulfate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1-
5 parts.
9. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (4) mixed fertilizer is biology
The mixed fertilizer of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer are by silkworm faeces, Oletum Columba livia, rabbit excrement, chestnut shell, egg-shell meal, fish
Bone meal, ashes, rice husk and swill fermentation are made, and chemical fertilizer includes urea, potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate, in chemical fertilizer
The weight ratio of N P and K is respectively 1:0.5:4.
10. the implantation methods of a kind of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: being added in step (4) described seedling recovering water
There are butyric acid potassium and/or Nafusaku, concentration 3-20ppm.
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| CN111408618A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-14 | 河北江尚环境治理集团有限公司 | Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by utilizing black nightshade and corn intercropping plants |
| CN114287216A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-08 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | Planting and fertilizing method for improving tomato growth vigor |
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