CN110915576A - Ecological planting method of tomatoes - Google Patents
Ecological planting method of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915576A CN110915576A CN201911379574.3A CN201911379574A CN110915576A CN 110915576 A CN110915576 A CN 110915576A CN 201911379574 A CN201911379574 A CN 201911379574A CN 110915576 A CN110915576 A CN 110915576A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological planting method of tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: selecting seeds, accelerating germination, sowing and raising seedlings, fertilizing, planting, preventing and controlling diseases and pests and harvesting; the planting method provides a set of systematic scientific planting method from seedling culture to harvesting, correspondingly uses different fertilizers in different stages of cultivation, reduces the occurrence of tomato mosaic virus diseases, lightens the influence of diseases on yield and quality, has high production safety, simultaneously improves the yield of tomatoes, improves the quality of the tomatoes, and has good popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to an ecological planting method of tomatoes.
Background
Tomatoes are called tomatoes and persimmons, are sourced from tropical and subtropical regions, belong to the genus of tomatoes in the family of Solanaceae, are worldwide vegetables which are widely cultivated, and have 80-90 years of history in China. The tomato is wide in cultivation adaptability, various in variety, high in yield, rich in nutrition and good in marketability, can be used as vegetables and fruits, is an important vegetable processing raw material, is popular with cultivators and people, and is one of the main fruits and vegetables in China.
The eating amount of the tomatoes is large, and each person eats 50-100 g of fresh tomatoes every day, so that the requirements of the human body on several vitamins and minerals can be met. The tomato contains "lycopene", which has the function of inhibiting bacteria; contains malic acid, citric acid and saccharide, and has digestion promoting effect. Tomatoes are rich in nutrients and have many functions called the fruit of miracle vegetables. Organic acids such as malic acid and citric acid in fructus Lycopersici Esculenti also have the effects of increasing gastric acidity, promoting digestion, and regulating gastrointestinal function. The tomato contains fruit acid, can reduce the content of cholesterol, and is beneficial to hyperlipidemia. The tomato is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, protein, saccharide, organic acid, and cellulose. It is these benefits of tomatoes that the amount of tomatoes cultivated in various regions is also large. The cultivation area is still continuously expanded when the plants are generally planted in various places in China.
At present, in order to improve the tomato yield and meet the increasing demand of the market in the planting process of the tomatoes in the prior art, phenomena of blindly applying chemical fertilizers, especially imbalance of the proportion of nitrogen fertilizers and fertilization nutrients and the like generally exist. In the tomato planting process, a great amount of chemical fertilizers are applied to increase the yield, and simultaneously, a series of ecological environment problems of vegetable garden soil acidification, organic matter reduction, soil hardening, water source pollution and the like are caused, and in addition, the great amount of chemical fertilizers are also one of the causes of tomato quality deterioration. Therefore, the contradiction between tomato planting method and environmental protection in the prior art needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological planting method of tomatoes. The tomato planted by the method has strong disease resistance, high quality and small damage to soil in the planting process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ecological planting method of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
step 1, seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting high-yield, cold-resistant, weak-light-resistant, disease-resistant, wide-adaptability and strong-stress-resistant tomato seeds suitable for greenhouse cultivation, placing the tomato seeds in an oven at 60-70 ℃ for baking for 1-2h, then placing the tomato seeds in water at 30-50 ℃ for stirring for 20-40min, fishing out the tomato seeds, cleaning the fished tomato seeds with water, wrapping the cleaned tomato seeds with wet cotton cloth, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 25-35 ℃ to obtain the tomato seeds with buds;
step 2, sowing and seedling raising: culturing the tomato seeds with buds in the step 1 by using a large bed or nutrient solution until the height of the seedlings is 12-20cm, the stem thickness is 0.5-0.7cm, and 6-8 true leaves are available, and transplanting and planting;
step 3, base fertilizer: selecting lands which are not planted with solanaceae, peanuts, soybeans, sesame and radish crops, deeply ploughing for 15-25cm, applying the tomato ecological planting special fertilizer to the lands at a rate of 180 plus 200 kg/mu, smashing the ploughed soil, uniformly mixing the smashed soil with the tomato ecological special fertilizer, and raking;
step 4, field planting: placing the tomato seedlings cultivated in the step 2 in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied in the step 3 for transplanting and field planting, wherein the row spacing of the tomato seedlings is 40-60 cm x 80-120 cm, and 150g of protease is added with 6000-9000kg of water per mu of land after transplanting and field planting for watering;
step 5, disease and pest control: when the plant grows to 30-40 cm, erecting and tying tendrils, erecting bamboo rods for the material, erecting by 120 plus 180cm, and carrying out herringbone erection, and simultaneously pruning the plant to leave only one main branch; spraying 90-110g of protease and 300g of liquid biological bacteria with 35-50kg of water per mu of land in the first flowering period of transplanting and planting of tomato seedlings, and spraying 90-110g of protease and 300g of liquid biological bacteria with 35-50kg of water per mu of land after 10-15 days; spraying the fruit once every time, wherein 300g of liquid biological bacteria is used for spraying once per mu of land, and 35-50kg of water is added;
and step 6, harvesting: picking the tomatoes one week later when the outer surfaces of the tomatoes are red, lightly picking the tomatoes when picking the tomatoes, and preventing the tomatoes from being stabbed with each other in transportation without carrying pedicles.
In the specific implementation process, the specific method for growing the seedlings on the large bed comprises the following steps:
applying 80-120kg of special fertilizer for ecological planting of tomatoes per mu of land, deeply ploughing the land by 10-20 cm, breaking the ploughed soil and uniformly mixing the ploughed soil with the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes, then sowing 10000-fold seeds of the tomatoes per mu of land with the sowing depth of 0.4-1.4cm, and spraying 90-110g of liquid biological bacteria and 45-55g of protease mixed with 15-20kg of water per mu of land after 2-3 true leaves emerge; spraying 300g of liquid biological bacteria 200-110 g of protease and 15-20kg of water 3-5 days before transplanting and planting.
In a specific implementation process, the specific method for raising the seedlings by using the nutrient solution comprises the following steps:
the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes is used as a seedling substrate, the substrate is filled with cups, the tomato seeds are sowed in the substrate, the sowing depth is set to be 0.4-1.4cm, and after 2-3 main leaves emerge, 300g of liquid biological bacteria and 15-20kg of water are added to each mu of land for spraying.
Preferably, the fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of eggshell powder, 2-4 parts of ground phosphate rock, 85-95 parts of rice hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of celery root secretion, 0.08-0.12 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 1-3 parts of urea and 7-9 parts of synergistic component.
Preferably, the fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of eggshell powder, 2-4 parts of ground phosphate rock, 85-95 parts of activated rice hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of celery root secretion, 0.08-0.12 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 1-3 parts of urea and 7-9 parts of synergistic component.
Preferably, the rare earth element fertilizer is one or more of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate.
Preferably, the rare earth element fertilizer is a mixture consisting of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate, and the mass ratio of the ceric sulfate to the lanthanum nitrate is 1: (1-2).
Preferably, the synergistic component is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and lauramide propyl amine oxide.
Preferably, the synergistic component is a mixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and lauramidopropyl amine oxide, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to the lauramidopropyl amine oxide is 1: (1-2).
The preparation method of the activated rice hull powder comprises the following steps:
cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with NaClO aqueous solution, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching the rice hull powder, chicken manure and aerobic bacteria, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 24-48h, adding anaerobic bacteria at normal temperature, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 5-15 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the rice hull powder to the sheep manure to the aerobic strain to the anaerobic strain is (70-80): (5-10): (1-2): (1-2), the aerobic bacteria are one or more of EM active bacteria and bacillus megaterium, and the anaerobic bacteria are one or more of methane bacteria and bifidobacteria.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria are EM active bacteria, and the anaerobic bacteria are bifidobacteria.
Preferably, the protease is formed by mixing 3-5 parts by weight of subtilisin and 1-2 parts by weight of papain, and the liquid biological bacteria is formed by mixing 2-4 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis and 5-7 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding effects:
the planting method provides a set of systematic scientific planting method from seedling culture to harvesting, correspondingly uses different fertilizers in different stages of cultivation, reduces the occurrence of tomato mosaic virus diseases, lightens the influence of diseases on yield and quality, has high production safety, simultaneously improves the yield of tomatoes, improves the quality of the tomatoes, and has good popularization prospect.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of raw materials in the examples:
the tomato seed variety is Zhongza No. 9.
The sheep manure is pure dry sheep manure provided by Shijiazhuang Wangyang biotechnology limited, and has an organic matter content of not less than 45 wt% and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content of not less than 5 wt%.
The rice hull powder is 20 meshes of rice hull powder provided by a processing plant for Yiliu rice hull powder in common grave town in Huaiyuan county.
The bacillus subtilis is numbered as ACCC04177, is purchased from agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center of China academy of agricultural sciences, and has the following viable bacteria number: 2 hundred million/mL.
The bacillus licheniformis is numbered ACCC02936 and purchased from the agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center of China academy of agricultural sciences, and the number of viable bacteria is as follows: 2 hundred million/mL.
The subtilisin is the subtilisin with the enzyme activity of 100000u/g provided by Kejo biotechnology limited of Hezhou.
The papain is the papain with the enzyme activity of 400000u/g provided by the biological technology company Limited of Sian Ruien.
The celery root secretion is prepared according to the Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN 201610794031.8.
Egg shell powder, purchased from processing plants of the mineral products of Zhao county, Hebei Shijiazhuang.
Powdered rock phosphate containing total phosphorus (P) as main component2O5)20％，CaO 45.55％，Al2O31.68％，Fe2O31.11%, bio-technologies ltd, saint, jonan.
EM active bacteria purchased from Zhengzhou Qiufu agricultural science and technology Limited company and rufous liquid mainly comprises more than 80 components of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and the like, and the bacteria content is more than or equal to 500 hundred million/g.
The bacillus megaterium is purchased from China Biotechnology limited in Cangzhou city, is light yellow powder, and has a bacterial content of more than or equal to 100/g.
The methane bacteria is purchased from Nanjing Saite biotechnologies GmbH, also called anaerobic bacteria agent, and is in powder form, and mainly comprises methane-producing bacteria, pseudomonas, lactobacillus, yeast, activator and the like, and the content of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g.
The bifidobacterium is purchased from Xian astronomical phenomena bioengineering GmbH, and has the model of TX-53 and the bacterial content of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
NaClO purchased from a Thailand disinfection science and technology source manufacturer, 84 II type disinfectant, wherein in the using process, the stock solution and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 150, and the dosage of the diluent of the 84 II type disinfectant is 30 times of the weight of the rice hull powder in the rice hull powder disinfection process.
Example 1
An ecological planting method of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
step 1, seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting high-yield, cold-resistant, weak-light-resistant, disease-resistant, wide-adaptability and strong-stress-resistant tomato seeds suitable for greenhouse cultivation, placing the tomato seeds in a 65 ℃ drying oven for baking for 1.5h, then placing the tomato seeds in 40 ℃ water, stirring for 30min, fishing out the tomato seeds, cleaning the fished tomato seeds with water, wrapping the cleaned tomato seeds with wet cotton cloth, and accelerating germination in a 30 ℃ constant temperature oven to obtain tomato seeds with buds;
step 2, sowing and seedling raising: culturing the tomato seeds with buds in the step 1 by using a nutrient solution until the height of the tomato seeds is 16cm, the stem thickness is 0.6cm, and 7 true leaves exist, and transplanting and planting the tomato seeds;
step 3, base fertilizer: selecting lands which are not planted with solanaceae, peanuts, soybeans, sesame and radish crops, deeply ploughing for 20cm, applying the tomato ecological planting special fertilizer to the lands at a rate of 190 kg/mu, smashing the ploughed soil, uniformly mixing with the tomato ecological special fertilizer, and then raking;
step 4, field planting: placing the tomato seedlings cultivated in the step 2 in the soil subjected to the base fertilizer in the step 3 for transplanting and field planting, wherein the row spacing of the tomato seedlings is 50 centimeters multiplied by 100 centimeters, and after transplanting and field planting, watering the tomato seedlings by adding 8000kg of water into 150g of protease per mu of land;
step 5, disease and pest control: when the plant grows to 35 cm, erecting and tying tendrils, erecting bamboo poles for the material, erecting by 150cm, and pruning the plant to leave only one main branch; spraying 100g of protease and 250g of liquid biological bacteria with 40kg of water per mu of land in the first flowering period of transplanting and planting of tomato seedlings, and spraying 100g of protease and 250g of liquid biological bacteria with 40kg of water per mu of land after 12 days; spraying 250g of liquid biological bacteria and 40kg of water in each mu of land once per fruit picking;
and step 6, harvesting: picking the tomatoes one week later when the outer surfaces of the tomatoes are red, lightly picking the tomatoes when picking the tomatoes, and preventing the tomatoes from being stabbed with each other in transportation without carrying pedicles.
The specific method for raising the seedlings by using the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes is used as a seedling culture substrate, the substrate is filled with cups, the tomato seeds are sowed in the substrate, the sowing depth is set to be 1.0 cm, and after 2 true leaves emerge, the liquid biological bacteria of 250g and the protease of 100g are mixed with 18kg of water per mu for spraying.
The fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of eggshell powder, 3 parts of phosphate rock powder, 90 parts of activated rice hull powder, 1 part of celery root exudate, 0.1 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 2 parts of urea and 8 parts of synergistic component.
The preparation method of the activated rice hull powder comprises the following steps: cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with diluent of 84 II type disinfectant, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching the rice hull powder, chicken manure and EM active bacteria, performing aerobic fermentation for 30h, adding bifidobacterium at normal temperature, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
The rare earth element fertilizer is a mixture consisting of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate, and the mass ratio of the ceric sulfate to the lanthanum nitrate is 1: 1.
the synergistic component is a mixture consisting of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and lauramidopropyl amine oxide, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to the lauramidopropyl amine oxide is 1: 2.
the mass ratio of the rice hull powder to the sheep manure to the EM active bacteria to the bifidobacteria is 75: 8: 1: 1.
the protease is formed by mixing 4 parts by weight of subtilisin and 1.5 parts by weight of papain, and the liquid biological bacteria is formed by mixing 3 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis and 6 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis.
Example 2
An ecological planting method of tomatoes comprises the following steps:
step 1, seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting high-yield, cold-resistant, weak-light-resistant, disease-resistant, wide-adaptability and strong-stress-resistant tomato seeds suitable for greenhouse cultivation, placing the tomato seeds in a 65 ℃ drying oven for baking for 1.5h, then placing the tomato seeds in 40 ℃ water, stirring for 30min, fishing out the tomato seeds, cleaning the fished tomato seeds with water, wrapping the cleaned tomato seeds with wet cotton cloth, and accelerating germination in a 30 ℃ constant temperature oven to obtain tomato seeds with buds;
step 2, sowing and seedling raising: culturing the tomato seeds with buds in the step 1 by using a nutrient solution until the height of the tomato seeds is 16cm, the stem thickness is 0.6cm, and 7 true leaves exist, and transplanting and planting the tomato seeds;
step 3, base fertilizer: selecting lands which are not planted with solanaceae, peanuts, soybeans, sesame and radish crops, deeply ploughing for 20cm, applying the tomato ecological planting special fertilizer to the lands at a rate of 190 kg/mu, smashing the ploughed soil, uniformly mixing with the tomato ecological special fertilizer, and then raking;
step 4, field planting: placing the tomato seedlings cultivated in the step 2 in the soil subjected to the base fertilizer in the step 3 for transplanting and field planting, wherein the row spacing of the tomato seedlings is 50 centimeters multiplied by 100 centimeters, and after transplanting and field planting, watering the tomato seedlings by adding 8000kg of water into 150g of protease per mu of land;
step 5, disease and pest control: when the plant grows to 35 cm, erecting and tying tendrils, erecting bamboo poles for the material, erecting by 150cm, and pruning the plant to leave only one main branch; spraying 100g of protease and 250g of liquid biological bacteria with 40kg of water per mu of land in the first flowering period of transplanting and planting of tomato seedlings, and spraying 100g of protease and 250g of liquid biological bacteria with 40kg of water per mu of land after 12 days; spraying 250g of liquid biological bacteria and 40kg of water in each mu of land once per fruit picking;
and step 6, harvesting: picking the tomatoes one week later when the outer surfaces of the tomatoes are red, lightly picking the tomatoes when picking the tomatoes, and preventing the tomatoes from being stabbed with each other in transportation without carrying pedicles.
The specific method for raising the seedlings by using the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes is used as a seedling culture substrate, the substrate is filled with cups, the tomato seeds are sowed in the substrate, the sowing depth is set to be 1.0 cm, after 2 true leaves emerge, 250g of liquid biological bacteria and 100g of protease are mixed with 18kg of water for each mu of seedlings to be sprayed
The fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of eggshell powder, 3 parts of phosphate rock powder, 90 parts of rice hull powder, 1 part of celery root exudate, 0.1 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 2 parts of urea and 8 parts of synergistic component.
The rare earth element fertilizer is a mixture consisting of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate, and the mass ratio of the ceric sulfate to the lanthanum nitrate is 1: 1.
the synergistic component is a mixture consisting of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and lauramidopropyl amine oxide, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to the lauramidopropyl amine oxide is 1: 2.
the protease is formed by mixing 4 parts by weight of subtilisin and 1.5 parts by weight of papain, and the liquid biological bacteria is formed by mixing 3 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis and 6 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the synergistic component is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
Example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the synergistic component is lauramidopropyl amine oxide.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the activated rice hull powder comprises the following steps: cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with diluent of 84 II type disinfectant, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching the rice hull powder, chicken manure and EM active bacteria, performing aerobic fermentation for 30h, adding methane bacteria at normal temperature, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
The mass ratio of the rice hull powder to the sheep manure to the EM active bacteria to the methane bacteria is 75: 8: 1: 1.
example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the activated rice hull powder comprises the following steps: cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with diluent of 84 II type disinfectant, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching the rice hull powder, chicken manure and bacillus megaterium, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30h, adding bifidobacterium at normal temperature, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 10 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
The mass ratio of the rice hull powder to the sheep manure to the bacillus megaterium to the bifidobacterium is 75: 8: 1: 1.
example 7
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the activated rice hull powder comprises the following steps: cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with diluent of 84 II type disinfectant, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching the rice hull powder, chicken manure and bacillus megatherium, performing aerobic fermentation for 30h, adding methane bacteria at normal temperature, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
The mass ratio of the rice hull powder to the sheep manure to the bacillus megatherium to the methane bacteria is 75: 8: 1: 1.
comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of eggshell powder, 3 parts of phosphate rock powder, 75 parts of rice hull powder, 8 parts of sheep manure, 1 part of celery root secretion, 0.1 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 2 parts of urea and 8 parts of synergistic component.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the fertilizer special for ecological planting of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of eggshell powder, 3 parts of ground phosphate rock, 90 parts of activated rice hull powder, 0.1 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 2 parts of urea and 8 parts of synergistic component.
Test example 1
The tomatoes are vegetables rich in vitamin C, and the content of the vitamin C is used as an important index for judging the quality of the tomatoes; lycopene is a natural pigment contained in plants, mainly exists in the ripe fruits of tomatoes belonging to the family Solanaceae, is one of the strongest antioxidants found in the plants in the nature at present, has far better effect of scavenging free radicals than other carotenoids and vitamin E, has a singlet oxygen quenching rate constant 100 times that of vitamin E, and can effectively prevent and treat various diseases caused by aging and immunity reduction. The survival rate of the tomato seedlings in the 2 nd month after transplantation and field planting in the embodiments 1 to 7 and the comparative example 1 is statistically analyzed, and the vitamin C content and the lycopene content in the tomatoes harvested for the first time after transplantation and field planting are measured.
And (3) measuring the content of the tomato vitamin C: according to GB/T6195-86, 100g of representative tomato sample is weighed and put into a tissue triturator, 100mL of extracting agent is added, and the mixture is quickly mashed into homogenate. Weigh 25g of the slurried sample, transfer the sample to a 100mL volumetric flask with the extractant, dilute to the mark, shake well and filter. If the filtrate is colored, adding 0.4g of kaolin into each gram of sample for decolorization, and then filtering; 10mL of the filtrate was aspirated into a 50mL Erlenmeyer flask and titrated with a calibrated 2, 6-dichloroindophenol solution until the solution was pink and did not fade within 15 s. And simultaneously performing a blank test.
Determination of lycopene content: the test was performed with reference to the chinese invention patent application No. 200910153900.9.
Specific results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test results table
Test example 2
Nitrate content in vegetables and fruits is an important index for measuring quality, because excessive nitrate intake into human bodies can cause poisoning and oxygen deficiency, ferrous hemoglobin prion diseases and digestive system canceration. The nitrate 71-80% eaten by human beings comes from vegetables, so the content of the nitrate in the vegetables and fruits plays an important role in the quality of the vegetables, the content of the reducing sugar affects the taste of the tomatoes, and the higher the content of the reducing sugar is, the better the quality of the tomatoes is.
Statistical analysis was performed on the survival rate of the tomato seedlings in 2 months after transplantation and field planting in examples 1 to 7 and comparative example 1, and the nitrate content and the reducing sugar content in the tomatoes harvested for the first time after transplantation and field planting were measured. Wherein the content of nitrate in the tomato is determined according to GB/T15401-1994, and the content of reducing sugar is determined according to GB/T5009.7-1985.
The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test results table
| Serial number | Nitrate content (mg/kg) | Reducing sugar content (%) |
| Example 1 | 89.3 | 5.69 |
| Example 2 | 115.6 | 4.02 |
| Example 3 | 96.1 | 4.86 |
| Example 4 | 93.7 | 5.17 |
| Example 5 | 98.4 | 4.65 |
| Example 6 | 95.9 | 4.93 |
| Example 7 | 103.5 | 4.71 |
| Comparative example 1 | 104.2 | 4.31 |
| Comparative example 2 | 97.5 | 4.79 |
Claims (10)
1. An ecological planting method of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting high-yield, cold-resistant, weak-light-resistant, disease-resistant, wide-adaptability and strong-stress-resistant tomato seeds suitable for greenhouse cultivation, placing the tomato seeds in an oven at 60-70 ℃ for baking for 1-2h, then placing the tomato seeds in water at 30-50 ℃ for stirring for 20-40min, fishing out the tomato seeds, cleaning the fished tomato seeds with water, wrapping the cleaned tomato seeds with wet cotton cloth, and accelerating germination in a constant temperature box at 25-35 ℃ to obtain the tomato seeds with buds;
step 2, sowing and seedling raising: culturing the tomato seeds with buds in the step 1 by using a large bed or nutrient solution until the height of the seedlings is 12-20cm, the stem thickness is 0.5-0.7cm, and 6-8 true leaves are available, and transplanting and planting;
step 3, base fertilizer: selecting lands which are not planted with solanaceae, peanuts, soybeans, sesame and radish crops, deeply ploughing for 15-25cm, applying the tomato ecological planting special fertilizer to the lands at a rate of 180 plus 200 kg/mu, smashing the ploughed soil, uniformly mixing the smashed soil with the tomato ecological special fertilizer, and raking;
step 4, field planting: placing the tomato seedlings cultivated in the step 2 in the soil after the base fertilizer is applied in the step 3 for transplanting and field planting, wherein the row spacing of the tomato seedlings is 40-60 cm x 80-120 cm, and 150g of protease is added with 6000-9000kg of water per mu of land after transplanting and field planting for watering;
step 5, disease and pest control: when the plant grows to 30-40 cm, erecting and tying tendrils, erecting bamboo rods for the material, erecting by 120 plus 180cm, and carrying out herringbone erection, and simultaneously pruning the plant to leave only one main branch; spraying 90-110g of protease and 300g of liquid biological bacteria with 35-50kg of water per mu of land in the first flowering period of transplanting and planting of tomato seedlings, and spraying 90-110g of protease and 300g of liquid biological bacteria with 35-50kg of water per mu of land after 10-15 days; spraying the fruit once every time, wherein 300g of liquid biological bacteria is used for spraying once per mu of land, and 35-50kg of water is added;
and step 6, harvesting: picking the tomatoes one week later when the outer surfaces of the tomatoes are red, lightly picking the tomatoes when picking the tomatoes, and preventing the tomatoes from being stabbed with each other in transportation without carrying pedicles.
2. The ecological planting method of tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for growing seedlings on a large bed is as follows: applying 80-120kg of special fertilizer for ecological planting of tomatoes per mu of land, deeply ploughing the land by 10-20 cm, breaking the ploughed soil and uniformly mixing the ploughed soil with the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes, then sowing 10000-fold seeds of the tomatoes per mu of land with the sowing depth of 0.4-1.4cm, and spraying 90-110g of liquid biological bacteria and 45-55g of protease mixed with 15-20kg of water per mu of land after 2-3 true leaves emerge; spraying 300g of liquid biological bacteria 200-110 g of protease and 15-20kg of water 3-5 days before transplanting and planting.
3. The ecological tomato planting method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution seedling raising method comprises the following specific steps: the special fertilizer for ecological planting of the tomatoes is used as a seedling substrate, the substrate is filled with cups, the tomato seeds are sowed in the substrate, the sowing depth is set to be 0.4-1.4cm, and after 2-3 main leaves emerge, 300g of liquid biological bacteria and 15-20kg of water are added to each mu of land for spraying.
4. The ecological tomato planting method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer specially used for ecological tomato planting comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of eggshell powder, 2-4 parts of ground phosphate rock, 85-95 parts of rice hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of celery root secretion, 0.08-0.12 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 1-3 parts of urea and 7-9 parts of synergistic component.
5. The ecological tomato planting method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer specially used for ecological tomato planting comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of eggshell powder, 2-4 parts of ground phosphate rock, 85-95 parts of activated rice hull powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of celery root secretion, 0.08-0.12 part of rare earth element fertilizer, 1-3 parts of urea and 7-9 parts of synergistic component.
6. The ecological planting method for tomatoes as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the fertilizer of rare earth elements is one or more of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate.
7. The ecological tomato planting method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the synergistic component is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and lauramidopropyl amine oxide.
8. The ecological tomato planting method according to claim 5, wherein the activated rice hull powder is prepared by the following steps: cleaning rice hull powder with water, sterilizing with NaClO aqueous solution, placing in an oven for drying, taking the dried rice hull powder as a fermentation raw material, matching with the rice hull powder, sheep manure and aerobic bacteria, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 24-48h, adding anaerobic bacteria at normal temperature, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 5-15 days to obtain the activated rice hull powder.
9. The ecological tomato planting method according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hull powder, the sheep manure, the aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria is (70-80): (5-10): (1-2): (1-2), the aerobic bacteria are one or more of EM active bacteria and bacillus megaterium, and the anaerobic bacteria are one or more of methane bacteria and bifidobacteria.
10. The ecological tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protease is prepared by mixing 3-5 parts by weight of subtilisin and 1-2 parts by weight of papain, and the liquid biological bacteria is prepared by mixing 2-4 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis and 5-7 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis.
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