CN107517720A - A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage - Google Patents

A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107517720A
CN107517720A CN201710882154.1A CN201710882154A CN107517720A CN 107517720 A CN107517720 A CN 107517720A CN 201710882154 A CN201710882154 A CN 201710882154A CN 107517720 A CN107517720 A CN 107517720A
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parts
seedling
seed
watermelon
water
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王亚男
夏承东
王育鹏
方大伟
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ANHUI HUIDA AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
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ANHUI HUIDA AGRICULTURE Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, it is related to watermelon seedling culturing technical field, comprises the following steps：(1), Seeds preprocess；(2), presoaking and germinating；(3) seedling medium, is prepared；(4), seeding and seedling raising；(5), seedling management.Present invention reduces growing-seedling period, improves percentage of seedgermination and the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds, seedling vigorous index is high, and well developed root system, melon vine are in great numbers.

Description

A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage
Technical field
The present invention relates to watermelon seedling culturing technical field, and in particular to a kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding for improving germination percentage Method.
Background technology
Watermelon can be rated as " king in melon ", sweet succulence, contain substantial amounts of glucose, apple sugar, fructose, protein, amino The nutriments such as acid, tomatin and abundant vitamin C, are a kind of nutrition, pure safety fruit.It mainly eats part For the placenta of prosperity, fruit rinds are smooth, and in green or yellow, fruit flesh succulence is red or yellow, rare white flesh.Watermelon Cold, sweet sweet tea, have clearing away summerheat, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, diuresis relieving restlessness the effect of, help to control chest diaphragm gas stop up, full vexed uncomfortable, urine The diseases such as unfavorable, hot summer weather, heatstroke, skin can also cook, be used as medicine.
Watermelon seedling culturing technology, growing-seedling period are grown mostly at present, and germination percentage and survival rate be not high, causes watermelon late growing stage to delay Slowly, economic benefit is low.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, shortens nursery week Phase, percentage of seedgermination and the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds are improved, seedling vigorous index is high, and well developed root system, melon vine are in great numbers.
The invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, bag Include following steps：
(1), Seeds preprocess
The watermelon seed of full grains is selected, screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, with clear water by west by the way of spray Melon seed is squirted, and after 15~25min, 1.5 are pressed with fine sand：1 volume ratio mixes with watermelon seed, and crumples, Ran Houzai First eluriated with clear water and rinsed afterwards, so as to remove the mucus on kind of skin；
After seed is placed in into 2~4h of ventilation drying, 2~3min of microwave drying treatment, is obtained under the conditions of 72~74 DEG C Pretreated seed, it is standby；
(2), presoaking and germinating
Prepare seed-soaking liquid, the seed that step (1) obtains is put into seed-soaking liquid, under the conditions of 50~55 DEG C soak 30~ 45min, pull out clean；
Prepare germinating box, uviol lamp is set in germinating box and lays the fine sand that a layer thickness is 3~4cm in bottom, will In seed embedment fine sand, and by foregoing seed-soaking liquid and clear water according to 1：2~3 ratios are mixed to get the seed-soaking liquid after being watered, sprinkling Fine sand, keep fine sand moistening, after more than 90% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare sowing；
(3) seedling medium, is prepared
By Nutrition Soil and medicine soil according to 5~8：1 ratio is mixed evenly, and obtains seedling medium；
The medicine soil includes the raw material of following part meter：45~55 parts of bentonite, 15~25 parts of complex enzyme, nandina 7~9 Part, 7~9 parts of deodar pin, 4~6 parts of water chestnut shell, wild anistree 4~6 parts of leaf, 4~6 parts of horse-tail, 1~3 part of common bombax root, jasminum multiflorum 1~ 0.4~0.6 part of 3 parts, 0.8~1.2 part of Jasminum officinale Linn, 0.8~1.2 part of lignum-vitae and moringa seeds；
(4), seeding and seedling raising
Prepare seedling growth greenhouse, the seedling medium that laying step (3) obtains, thickness is 10~15cm, by the watermelon seed after vernalization Son is uniformly sowed in seedling medium, and every mu is sowed 4~4.5kg, is after planting poured permeable, is then covered with fine earth, fine earth immediately Thickness be 1~2cm, then cover one layer of mulch film again, until watermelon seedlings are unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling；
(5), seedling management
After coming up, one time of nutrition liquid was sprayed every 1~2 day, it is 28~29 DEG C, relatively to keep the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse Humidity is 75~80%, and 12~14h of illumination, intensity of illumination is 400~500Lux；
Every the watering of 4 days roots once, every 1~2 day blade face water spray once, every 10 Tiangengs apply liquid manure once, until Transplanting.
Wherein, the seed-soaking liquid of the step (2) includes the raw material of following part meter：0.1~0.3g/L of gibberellin, chitosan 0.1~0.3g/L, 0.08~0.1g/L of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, 0.08~0.1g/L of vitamin C, 0.1%-0.2% potassium nitrate 0.06~ 0.08g/L, 0.06~0.08g/L of butyric acid potassium, 0.04~0.06g/L of carbendazim, 0.04~0.06g/L of taurine, dimension life Plain 0.02~0.04g/L of D, 0.02~0.04g/L of vitamin E, 0.02~0.04g/L of ferrous sulfate, borax 0.01~ 0.03g/L and surplus are water, are mixed after each component is dissolved separately in into water, stir and produce.
Wherein, the preparation method of the medicine soil of the step (3) is：By nandina, deodar pin, water chestnut shell, wild anistree leaf, wood fiber crops Huang, common bombax root, jasminum multiflorum, Jasminum officinale Linn, lignum-vitae and moringa seeds co-grinding, 100~200 mesh sieves are crossed, obtain herb powder；So The water of 3~5 times of parts by weight is added afterwards, and 1~2h is soaked under the conditions of 57 DEG C, 37 DEG C is cooled to, obtains herbal medicine immersion material；To Chinese medicine Complex enzyme is added in immersion material, under the conditions of 45~55 DEG C, boils 15~20min after 1~2h of stirring enzymolysis, separation of solid and liquid obtains Chinese medicine slag；Chinese medicine slag is well mixed with bentonite, obtains the medicine soil.
Wherein, the complex enzyme of the step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：7~9 parts of cellulase, pectase 4~6 1~3 part of part and amylase.
Wherein, the Nutrition Soil of the step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：55~65 parts of rural area soil, expanded perlite 45~55 parts, 24~26 parts of pine needle meal, 24~26 parts of mushroom slag, 14~16 parts of maize straw, 14~16 parts of ABT root-inducing powders, white sand 14~16 parts of mud, 9~11 parts of plant ash, 9~11 parts of vinasse, 9~11 parts of bagasse, 5~7 parts of Carapax Eriocheir sinensis, 5~7 parts of fertile soil, 45~55 parts of molasses fermented 4~6 parts of liquid, 4~6 parts of sesame, 4~6 parts of sawdust and water.
Wherein, the nutrient solution of the step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：0.01~0.03g/L of boric acid, zinc sulfate 0.008~0.01g/L, 0.006~0.008g/L of copper sulphate, 0.006~0.008g/L of manganese sulfate, ferric sulfate 0.006~ 0.008g/L, 0.004~0.006g/L of calcium superphosphate, 0.004~0.006g/L of calcium nitrate, 0.001~0.003g/L of potassium nitrate And excess water.
Wherein, the liquid manure of the step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：45~55 parts of rice bran, 35~40 parts of honey, shellfish 24~26 parts of shell powder, 24~26 parts of plant ash, 24~26 parts of urea, 14~16 parts of castor leaf powder, 14~16 parts of lycopene, Portugal 14~16 parts of grape sugar, 9~11 parts of humic acid, 9~11 parts of amino acid, 7~9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4~6 parts of boric acid, magnesium sulfate 4 99~102 parts of~6 parts, 1~3 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and water.
Wherein, after the watermelon seedling of the step (5) is unearthed, watermelon seedling is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp daily, during irradiation Between be 2~5h.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Growing-seedling period is shortened, percentage of seedgermination is improved and the shoot survival percent that grows directly from seeds, strong sprout refers to Number is high, and well developed root system, melon vine are in great numbers, specific as follows：
(1), the present invention pre-processes to watermelon seed, and screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, removes the mucus on kind of skin, Have and utilize the immersion efficiency for improving seed-soaking liquid；
(2), the present invention uses seed-soaking liquid before vernalization, and immersion can make seed hull weak, be easy to brokenly bud, wherein, add The gibberellin added and heteroauxin solution, can make seed cell Differentiation, so as to promote the development of seed embryo, shorten seed Germinating time, the germination percentage of seed is improved, and the survival rate after germination can be ensured；Coordinate germination accelerating method, can be quick Break seed dormancy, improve germination percentage；In addition, seed soaking after seed can effectively prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect, as grub, mole cricket, Wireworm and cutworm etc., while the accumulation that seed absorbability is strong, can enhance metabolism with Assimilate is improved, so as to There is preferably preventing and treating compared with fruit to the disease of watermelon；
(3), in the present invention, seed nursery again after vernalization is handled, bud ratio is high, and seedling goes out together, grows strong, and long Gesture is well-balanced, uniform in size consistent, ensure that maturity period uniformity, moreover it is possible to resists the invasion of pest and disease damage, reduces production cost, improves Economic well-being of workers and staff；
(4), the present invention prepares seedling medium, using Nutrition Soil and medicine soil mixing, can not only provide watermelon seedlings growth Required nutrition, hestening rooting, and seedling is improved to the repellence of germ, bacteriostasis can be played, watermelon seed can be kept The plumule vigor of son, strengthen watermelon seedling itself resistance；Covering with ground sheeting is used after sowing earthing；Can be with retain water and nutrients, anti-moisture Evaporation, sun-proof drought resisting, improve emergence rate；Ultraviolet irradiation is carried out to seedling after emergence, can further be sterilized, improves survival rate；
(5), the present invention combines seedling management, and obtained watermelon seedlings, seedling vigorous index is high, and chlorophyll content is high, root system hair Reach, melon vine it is in great numbers, and growth period disease is few, and watermelon drought resisting, cold tolerance are strong.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.These embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention and not had to In limitation the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, comprises the following steps：
(1), Seeds preprocess
The watermelon seed of full grains is selected, screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, with clear water by west by the way of spray Melon seed is squirted, and after 15min, 1.5 are pressed with fine sand：1 volume ratio mixes with watermelon seed, and crumples, then again with clear Water is first eluriated and rinsed afterwards, so as to remove the mucus on kind of skin；
After seed is placed in into ventilation drying 2h, the microwave drying treatment 2min under the conditions of 72 DEG C, obtain pretreated Seed, it is standby；
(2), presoaking and germinating
Prepare seed-soaking liquid, the seed that step (1) obtains is put into seed-soaking liquid, 30min is soaked under the conditions of 50 DEG C, pulls out Clean；
Prepare germinating box, uviol lamp is set in germinating box and lays the fine sand that a layer thickness is 3cm in bottom, will be planted In son embedment fine sand, and by foregoing seed-soaking liquid and clear water according to 1：2 ratios are mixed to get the seed-soaking liquid after being watered, and spray fine sand, Keep fine sand moistening, after more than 90% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare sowing；
(3) seedling medium, is prepared
By Nutrition Soil and medicine soil according to 5：1 ratio is mixed evenly, and obtains seedling medium；
The medicine soil includes the raw material of following part meter：45 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of complex enzyme, 7 parts of nandina, 7 parts of deodar pin, 4 parts of water chestnut shell, wild anistree 4 parts of leaf, 4 parts of horse-tail, 1 part of common bombax root, 1 part of jasminum multiflorum, 0.8 part of Jasminum officinale Linn, 0.8 part of lignum-vitae and peppery Wooden 0.4 part of seed；
(4), seeding and seedling raising
Prepare seedling growth greenhouse, lay the seedling medium that step (3) obtains, thickness 10cm is equal by the watermelon seed after vernalization It is even to sow in seedling medium, every mu of sowing 4kg, after planting pour permeable, then covered with fine earth, the thickness of fine earth is immediately 1cm, one layer of mulch film is then covered again, until watermelon seedlings are unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling；
(5), seedling management
After coming up, one time of nutrition liquid was sprayed every 1 day, to keep the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse be 28 DEG C, relative humidity is 75%, illumination 12h, intensity of illumination 400Lux；
Every the watering of 4 days roots once, every 1 day blade face water spray once, every 10 Tiangengs apply liquid manure once, until moving Plant.
Wherein,
The seed-soaking liquid of the step (2) includes the raw material of following part meter：Gibberellin 0.1g/L, chitosan 0.1g/L, ethene Sharp 0.08g/L, vitamin C 0.08g/L, 0.1% potassium nitrate 0.06g/L, butyric acid potassium 0.06g/L, carbendazim 0.04g/L, Taurine 0.04g/L, vitamin D 0.02g/L, vitamin E 0.02g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.02g/L, borax 0.01g/L and remaining Measure as water, mixed after each component is dissolved separately in into water, stir and produce.
The step (3) medicine soil preparation method be：By nandina, deodar pin, water chestnut shell, wild anistree leaf, horse-tail, wood Cotton root, jasminum multiflorum, Jasminum officinale Linn, lignum-vitae and moringa seeds co-grinding, 100 mesh sieves are crossed, obtain herb powder；Then 3 times are added The water of parts by weight, 1h is soaked under the conditions of 57 DEG C, be cooled to 37 DEG C, obtain herbal medicine immersion material；Added into herbal medicine immersion material multiple Synthase, under the conditions of 45 DEG C, 15min is boiled after stirring enzymolysis 1h, separation of solid and liquid obtains Chinese medicine slag；Chinese medicine slag and bentonite are mixed Close uniformly, obtain the medicine soil.
The complex enzyme of the step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：7 parts of cellulase, 4 parts of pectase and amylase 1 Part.
The Nutrition Soil of the step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：55 parts of rural area soil, 45 parts of expanded perlite, pine needle 24 parts of powder, 24 parts of mushroom slag, 14 parts of maize straw, 14 parts of ABT root-inducing powders, 14 parts of white sand mud, 9 parts of plant ash, 9 parts of vinasse, sugarcane 45 parts of 9 parts of slag, 5 parts of Carapax Eriocheir sinensis, 5 parts of fertile soil, 4 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 4 parts of sesame, 4 parts of sawdust and water.
The nutrient solution of the step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：Boric acid 0.01g/L, zinc sulfate 0.008g/L, sulfuric acid Copper 0.006g/L, manganese sulfate 0.006g/L, ferric sulfate 0.006g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.004g/L, calcium nitrate 0.004g/L, nitric acid Potassium 0.001g/L and excess water.
The liquid manure of the step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of honey, 24 parts of oyster shell whiting, vegetation 24 parts of ash, 24 parts of urea, 14 parts of castor leaf powder, 14 parts of lycopene, 14 parts of glucose, 9 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of amino acid, phosphoric acid 99 parts of 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen, 4 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and water.
After the watermelon seedling of the step (5) is unearthed, watermelon seedling is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp daily, irradiation time is 2h。
Embodiment 2
A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, comprises the following steps：
(1), Seeds preprocess
The watermelon seed of full grains is selected, screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, with clear water by west by the way of spray Melon seed is squirted, and after 25min, 1.5 are pressed with fine sand：1 volume ratio mixes with watermelon seed, and crumples, then again with clear Water is first eluriated and rinsed afterwards, so as to remove the mucus on kind of skin；
After seed is placed in into ventilation drying 4h, the microwave drying treatment 3min under the conditions of 74 DEG C, obtain pretreated Seed, it is standby；
(2), presoaking and germinating
Prepare seed-soaking liquid, the seed that step (1) obtains is put into seed-soaking liquid, 45min is soaked under the conditions of 55 DEG C, pulls out Clean；
Prepare germinating box, uviol lamp is set in germinating box and lays the fine sand that a layer thickness is 4cm in bottom, will be planted In son embedment fine sand, and by foregoing seed-soaking liquid and clear water according to 1：3 ratios are mixed to get the seed-soaking liquid after being watered, and spray fine sand, Keep fine sand moistening, after more than 90% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare sowing；
(3) seedling medium, is prepared
By Nutrition Soil and medicine soil according to 8：1 ratio is mixed evenly, and obtains seedling medium；
The medicine soil includes the raw material of following part meter：55 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of complex enzyme, 9 parts of nandina, 9 parts of deodar pin, 6 parts of water chestnut shell, wild anistree 6 parts of leaf, 6 parts of horse-tail, 3 parts of common bombax root, 3 parts of jasminum multiflorum, 1.2 parts of Jasminum officinale Linn, 1.2 parts of lignum-vitae and peppery Wooden 0.6 part of seed；
(4), seeding and seedling raising
Prepare seedling growth greenhouse, lay the seedling medium that step (3) obtains, thickness 15cm is equal by the watermelon seed after vernalization It is even to sow in seedling medium, every mu of sowing 4.5kg, after planting pour permeable, then covered with fine earth, the thickness of fine earth is immediately 2cm, one layer of mulch film is then covered again, until watermelon seedlings are unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling；
(5), seedling management
After coming up, one time of nutrition liquid was sprayed every 1~2 day, it is 29 DEG C, relative humidity to keep the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse For 80%, illumination 14h, intensity of illumination 500Lux；
Every the watering of 4 days roots once, every 2 days blade face water sprays once, every 10 Tiangengs apply liquid manure once, until moving Plant.
Wherein,
The seed-soaking liquid of step (2) includes the raw material of following part meter：Gibberellin 0.3g/L, chitosan 0.3g/L, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 0.1g/L, vitamin C 0.1g/L, 0.2% potassium nitrate 0.08g/L, butyric acid potassium 0.08g/L, carbendazim 0.06g/L, ox sulphur Sour 0.06g/L, vitamin D 0.04g/L, vitamin E 0.04g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.04g/L, borax 0.03g/L and surplus are Water, mixed after each component is dissolved separately in into water, stir and produce.
Step (3) medicine soil preparation method be：By nandina, deodar pin, water chestnut shell, wild anistree leaf, horse-tail, kapok Root, jasminum multiflorum, Jasminum officinale Linn, lignum-vitae and moringa seeds co-grinding, 200 mesh sieves are crossed, obtain herb powder；Then 5 times of weights are added The water of part is measured, 2h is soaked under the conditions of 57 DEG C, is cooled to 37 DEG C, obtain herbal medicine immersion material；Added into herbal medicine immersion material compound Enzyme, under the conditions of 55 DEG C, 20min is boiled after stirring enzymolysis 2h, separation of solid and liquid obtains Chinese medicine slag；Chinese medicine slag is mixed with bentonite Uniformly, the medicine soil is obtained.
The complex enzyme of step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：3 parts of 9 parts of cellulase, 6 parts of pectase and amylase.
The Nutrition Soil of step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：65 parts of rural area soil, 55 parts of expanded perlite, pine needle meal 26 Part, 26 parts of mushroom slag, 16 parts of maize straw, 16 parts of ABT root-inducing powders, 16 parts of white sand mud, 11 parts of plant ash, 11 parts of vinasse, bagasse 55 parts of 11 parts, 7 parts of Carapax Eriocheir sinensis, 7 parts of fertile soil, 6 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 6 parts of sesame, 6 parts of sawdust and water.
The nutrient solution of step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：Boric acid 0.03g/L, zinc sulfate 0.01g/L, copper sulphate 0.008g/L, manganese sulfate 0.008g/L, ferric sulfate 0.008g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.006g/L, calcium nitrate 0.006g/L, potassium nitrate 0.003g/L and excess water.
The liquid manure of step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：55 parts of rice bran, 40 parts of honey, 26 parts of oyster shell whiting, plant ash 26 Part, 26 parts of urea, 16 parts of castor leaf powder, 16 parts of lycopene, 16 parts of glucose, 11 parts of humic acid, 1 part of amino acid/11, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 102 parts of 9 parts of hydrogen potassium, 6 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and water.
After the watermelon seedling of step (5) is unearthed, watermelon seedling is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp daily, irradiation time 5h.
Embodiment 3
A kind of watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, comprises the following steps：
(1), Seeds preprocess
The watermelon seed of full grains is selected, screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, with clear water by west by the way of spray Melon seed is squirted, and after 20min, 1.5 are pressed with fine sand：1 volume ratio mixes with watermelon seed, and crumples, then again with clear Water is first eluriated and rinsed afterwards, so as to remove the mucus on kind of skin；
After seed is placed in into ventilation drying 3h, the microwave drying treatment 3min under the conditions of 73 DEG C, obtain pretreated Seed, it is standby；
(2), presoaking and germinating
Prepare seed-soaking liquid, the seed that step (1) obtains is put into seed-soaking liquid, 35min is soaked under the conditions of 52 DEG C, pulls out Clean；
Prepare germinating box, uviol lamp is set in germinating box and lays the fine sand that a layer thickness is 4cm in bottom, will be planted In son embedment fine sand, and by foregoing seed-soaking liquid and clear water according to 1：3 ratios are mixed to get the seed-soaking liquid after being watered, and spray fine sand, Keep fine sand moistening, after more than 90% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare sowing；
(3) seedling medium, is prepared
By Nutrition Soil and medicine soil according to 7：1 ratio is mixed evenly, and obtains seedling medium；
The medicine soil includes the raw material of following part meter：50 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of complex enzyme, 8 parts of nandina, 8 parts of deodar pin, 5 parts of water chestnut shell, wild anistree 5 parts of leaf, 5 parts of horse-tail, 2 parts of common bombax root, 2 parts of jasminum multiflorum, 1 part of Jasminum officinale Linn, 1 part of lignum-vitae and moringa seeds 0.5 part；
(4), seeding and seedling raising
Prepare seedling growth greenhouse, lay the seedling medium that step (3) obtains, thickness 12cm is equal by the watermelon seed after vernalization It is even to sow in seedling medium, every mu of sowing 4.5kg, after planting pour permeable, then covered with fine earth, the thickness of fine earth is immediately 2cm, one layer of mulch film is then covered again, until watermelon seedlings are unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling；
(5), seedling management
After coming up, one time of nutrition liquid was sprayed every 1~2 day, it is 28 DEG C, relative humidity to keep the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse For 78%, illumination 13h, intensity of illumination 450Lux；
Every the watering of 4 days roots once, every 1 day blade face water spray once, every 10 Tiangengs apply liquid manure once, until moving Plant.
Wherein,
The seed-soaking liquid of step (2) includes the raw material of following part meter：Gibberellin 0.2g/L, chitosan 0.2g/L, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 0.09g/L, vitamin C 0.09g/L, 0.1% potassium nitrate 0.07g/L, butyric acid potassium 0.07g/L, carbendazim 0.05g/L, ox Sulfonic acid 0.05g/L, vitamin D 0.03g/L, vitamin E 0.03g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.03g/L, borax 0.02g/L and surplus For water, mixed after each component is dissolved separately in into water, stir and produce.
Step (3) medicine soil preparation method be：By nandina, deodar pin, water chestnut shell, wild anistree leaf, horse-tail, kapok Root, jasminum multiflorum, Jasminum officinale Linn, lignum-vitae and moringa seeds co-grinding, 150 mesh sieves are crossed, obtain herb powder；Then 4 times of weights are added The water of part is measured, 1.5h is soaked under the conditions of 57 DEG C, is cooled to 37 DEG C, obtain herbal medicine immersion material；Added into herbal medicine immersion material multiple Synthase, under the conditions of 50 DEG C, 18min is boiled after stirring enzymolysis 1.5h, separation of solid and liquid obtains Chinese medicine slag；By Chinese medicine slag and bentonite It is well mixed, obtain the medicine soil.
The complex enzyme of step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：8 parts of cellulase, 5 parts of pectase and amylase 2 part.
The Nutrition Soil of step (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：60 parts of rural area soil, 50 parts of expanded perlite, pine needle meal 25 Part, 25 parts of mushroom slag, 15 parts of maize straw, 15 parts of ABT root-inducing powders, 15 parts of white sand mud, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of vinasse, bagasse 50 parts of 10 parts, 6 parts of Carapax Eriocheir sinensis, 6 parts of fertile soil, 5 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 5 parts of sesame, 5 parts of sawdust and water.
The nutrient solution of step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：Boric acid 0.02g/L, zinc sulfate 0.009g/L, copper sulphate 0.007g/L, manganese sulfate 0.007g/L, ferric sulfate 0.007g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.005g/L, calcium nitrate 0.005g/L, potassium nitrate 0.002g/L and excess water.
The liquid manure of step (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：50 parts of rice bran, 37 parts of honey, 25 parts of oyster shell whiting, plant ash 25 Part, 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of castor leaf powder, 15 parts of lycopene, 15 parts of glucose, 10 parts of humic acid, 0 part of amino acid/11, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 100 parts of 8 parts of hydrogen potassium, 5 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and water.
After the watermelon seedling of step (5) is unearthed, watermelon seedling is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp daily, irradiation time 4h.
Comparative example
Nursery place：Anhui Province Mingguang City growth of watermelon base；
Nursery kind：" cherub " variety of watermelon；
Control methods：1250 are selected from a collection of " cherub " watermelon seed, stochastic averagina is divided into 4 groups, every group 250 4 groups of seeds are respectively adopted embodiment 1~3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 and carry out nursery by grain, wherein：
Comparative example 1：Comparative example 1 is compared with Example 1, homogeneous using only common seedling medium, method and step in addition Together；
Comparative example 2：Nursery is carried out using common method for culturing seedlings；
Observe and record nursery situation, obtain data as shown in table 1 below：
Wherein, chlorophyll content is determined using acetone ethanol mixed liquor extraction method；Root activity uses chlorinated triphenyl base four Nitrogen azoles method determines.From the data of table 1：
(1), seeding growing seedlings method of the invention, the embodiment 1 of use compare pair of unused seedling medium of the present invention Ratio 1, emergence rate improve 2.8%, and chlorophyll content averagely improves 0.5mgg-1FW, root activity improve 6ugg-1·h-1, survival rate of seedling improves 3.2%, and average seedling-growing time is shortened close to 19h；
(2), seeding growing seedlings method of the invention, the embodiment 2 of use, which compares, uses the comparative example of common method for culturing seedlings 2, emergence rate improves 12%, and chlorophyll content averagely improves 1.2mgg-1FW, root activity improve 9ug g-1·h-1, Survival rate of seedling improves 14.4%, and average seedling-growing time shortens nearly 3 days；
In summary, method for culturing seedlings of the invention, shortens growing-seedling period, improves percentage of seedgermination and seedling survives Rate, seedling vigorous index is high, and well developed root system, melon vine are in great numbers.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, its according to The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part technical characteristic is equally replaced Change.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention Protection domain within.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. watermelon seed seedling breeding method for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    (1), Seeds preprocess
    The watermelon seed of full grains is selected, screening removes flat grain and broken kernel, with clear water by watermelon seed by the way of spray Son is squirted, and after 15~25min, 1.5 are pressed with fine sand：1 volume ratio mixes with watermelon seed, and crumples, then again with clear Water is first eluriated and rinsed afterwards, so as to remove the mucus on kind of skin；
    After seed is placed in into 2~4h of ventilation drying, 2~3min of microwave drying treatment under the conditions of 72~74 DEG C, pre- place is obtained Seed after reason, it is standby；
    (2), presoaking and germinating
    Prepare seed-soaking liquid, the seed that step (1) obtains be put into seed-soaking liquid, 30~45min is soaked under the conditions of 50~55 DEG C, Pull out clean；
    Prepare germinating box, uviol lamp is set in germinating box and lays the fine sand that a layer thickness is 3~4cm in bottom, by seed It is embedded in fine sand, and by foregoing seed-soaking liquid and clear water according to 1：2~3 ratios are mixed to get the seed-soaking liquid after being watered, and spray fine sand, Keep fine sand moistening, after more than 90% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, prepare sowing；
    (3) seedling medium, is prepared
    By Nutrition Soil and medicine soil according to 5~8：1 ratio is mixed evenly, and obtains seedling medium；
    The medicine soil includes the raw material of following part meter：45~55 parts of bentonite, 15~25 parts of complex enzyme, 7~9 parts of nandina, snow 7~9 parts of pine needle, 4~6 parts of water chestnut shell, wild anistree 4~6 parts of leaf, 4~6 parts of horse-tail, 1~3 part of common bombax root, 1~3 part of jasminum multiflorum, 0.4~0.6 part of 0.8~1.2 part of Jasminum officinale Linn, 0.8~1.2 part of lignum-vitae and moringa seeds；
    (4), seeding and seedling raising
    Prepare seedling growth greenhouse, the seedling medium that laying step (3) obtains, thickness is 10~15cm, and the watermelon seed after vernalization is equal It is even to sow in seedling medium, every mu of 4~4.5kg of sowing, after planting pour permeable, then covered with fine earth, the thickness of fine earth immediately Spend for 1~2cm, then cover one layer of mulch film again, until watermelon seedlings are unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling；
    (5), seedling management
    After coming up, one time of nutrition liquid was sprayed every 1~2 day, it is 28~29 DEG C, relative humidity to keep the temperature in seedling growth greenhouse For 75~80%, 12~14h of illumination, intensity of illumination is 400~500Lux；
    Every the watering of 4 days roots once, every 1~2 day blade face water spray once, every 10 Tiangengs apply liquid manure once, until transplanting.
  2. 2. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the seed-soaking liquid of (2) includes the raw material of following part meter：0.1~0.3g/L of gibberellin, 0.1~0.3g/L of chitosan, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 0.08~0.1g/L, 0.08~0.1g/L of vitamin C, 0.06~0.08g/L of 0.1%-0.2% potassium nitrate, butyric acid potassium 0.06~0.08g/L, 0.04~0.06g/L of carbendazim, 0.04~0.06g/L of taurine, 0.02~0.04g/L of vitamin D, 0.02~0.04g/L of vitamin E, 0.02~0.04g/L of ferrous sulfate, 0.01~0.03g/L of borax and surplus are water, will be each Component mixes after being dissolved separately in water, stirs and produces.
  3. 3. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the preparation method of the medicine soil of (3) is：By nandina, deodar pin, water chestnut shell, wild anistree leaf, horse-tail, common bombax root, jasminum multiflorum, element Fang Hua, lignum-vitae and moringa seeds co-grinding, 100~200 mesh sieves are crossed, obtain herb powder；Then 3~5 times of parts by weight are added Water, under the conditions of 57 DEG C soak 1~2h, be cooled to 37 DEG C, obtain herbal medicine immersion material；Added into herbal medicine immersion material compound Enzyme, under the conditions of 45~55 DEG C, 15~20min is boiled after 1~2h of stirring enzymolysis, separation of solid and liquid obtains Chinese medicine slag；By Chinese medicine slag It is well mixed with bentonite, obtains the medicine soil.
  4. 4. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the complex enzyme of (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：1~3 part of 7~9 parts of cellulase, 4~6 parts of pectase and amylase.
  5. 5. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the Nutrition Soil of (3) includes the raw material of following part meter：55~65 parts of rural area soil, 45~55 parts of expanded perlite, pine needle meal 24~ 26 parts, 24~26 parts of mushroom slag, 14~16 parts of maize straw, 14~16 parts of ABT root-inducing powders, 14~16 parts of white sand mud, plant ash 9~ 11 parts, 9~11 parts of vinasse, 9~11 parts of bagasse, 5~7 parts of Carapax Eriocheir sinensis, 5~7 parts of fertile soil, 4~6 parts of molasses fermented liquid, sesame 45~55 parts of 4~6 parts of fiber crops, 4~6 parts of sawdust and water.
  6. 6. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the nutrient solution of (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：0.01~0.03g/L of boric acid, 0.008~0.01g/L of zinc sulfate, copper sulphate 0.006~0.008g/L, 0.006~0.008g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.006~0.008g/L of ferric sulfate, calcium superphosphate 0.004~ 0.006g/L, 0.004~0.006g/L of calcium nitrate, 0.001~0.003g/L of potassium nitrate and excess water.
  7. 7. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly the liquid manure of (5) includes the raw material of following part meter：45~55 parts of rice bran, 35~40 parts of honey, 24~26 parts of oyster shell whiting, plant ash 24~26 parts, 24~26 parts of urea, 14~16 parts of castor leaf powder, 14~16 parts of lycopene, 14~16 parts of glucose, humic acid 9~11 parts, 9~11 parts of amino acid, 7~9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4~6 parts of boric acid, 4~6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1~3 part of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and 99~102 parts of water.
  8. 8. the watermelon seed seedling breeding method according to claim 1 for improving germination percentage, it is characterised in that the step Suddenly after the watermelon seedling of (5) is unearthed, watermelon seedling is irradiated with ultraviolet lamp daily, irradiation time is 2~5h.
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CN110663465A (en) * 2019-09-10 2020-01-10 铜仁万山九丰现代农业科技有限公司 Pepper seedling growing method
RU2774170C1 (en) * 2021-05-04 2022-06-15 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Хабаровский Федеральный исследовательский центр Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук обособленное подразделение Дальневосточный научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Method for increasing the viability of corn seeds for the purpose of selective breeding
CN114680031A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-07-01 优奈尔生物科技有限公司 Method for improving survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings
CN114680031B (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-09-05 优奈尔生物科技有限公司 Method for improving survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings

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