CN114680031A - Method for improving survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114680031A CN114680031A CN202210082923.0A CN202210082923A CN114680031A CN 114680031 A CN114680031 A CN 114680031A CN 202210082923 A CN202210082923 A CN 202210082923A CN 114680031 A CN114680031 A CN 114680031A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings, which comprises the steps of seed treatment, germination acceleration, seedling substrate preparation, sowing and seedling management. In the seed treatment process, a germination promoter is added, and the germination promoter comprises gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, a honeysuckle extract and vitamin C. After the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, the embryo is not damaged at all, gibberellin in the germination promoter promotes the germination of the seeds, and the polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate the germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds is more than 97%, the survival rate of seedlings is more than 95%, the seed utilization rate is high, and the extra cost of planting is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of seedless watermelons, and particularly relates to a method for improving survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings.
Background
The seedless watermelon, also called triploid watermelon, is made by planting seeds obtained by hybridizing diploid watermelon and tetraploid watermelon, has the advantages of no need of spitting seeds, high sugar content, easy storage and good taste, and is popular with people. The growth of the seedless watermelon is almost the same as that of the common seeded watermelon, the cultivation technology of the seedless watermelon is similar to that of the common seeded watermelon, but the survival rate of seedlings is far lower than that of the common seeded watermelon. The problems of low seed germination rate, low seedling rate, seedling death in seedling revival stage, pollen abortion, low melon setting rate and the like often occur in the process of cultivating seedless watermelons, and the yield is reduced for light people and the yield is no longer acceptable for heavy people. In order to improve the yield and the quality of seedless watermelons, the survival rate of seedlings needs to be improved firstly, and corresponding technical measures need to be adopted in seedling management.
The patent number 'CN 201710629429.0' is named as 'seedling cultivation method of high-yield seedless watermelon', nutrient solution and nutrient soil are used in combination in the seedling cultivation process, invasion of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the yield and quality of seedless watermelon are increased. But the survival rate of the seedless watermelon seedlings is realized by reducing the plant diseases and insect pests and improving the germination rate of the seedlings.
The patent number 'CN 201810272387.4' is named as 'a cultivation method of seedless watermelons', organic seedless watermelons with high yield, good quality and exquisite appearance are cultivated through a series of method steps of seedling raising, seeding, seedbed management, land preparation and fertilization, field planting, field management and the like, but an exact scheme is not provided for improving the survival rate of seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings, and aims to improve the germination rate and the survival rate of the seedlings.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for increasing the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings includes treating seeds, accelerating germination, preparing the culture medium, sowing and managing.
S1 seed treatment
Selecting seedless watermelon seeds with regular shapes and sizes and full particles, cleaning to remove impurities on the surface, soaking in distilled water, adding a germination promoter, soaking at 35-40 ℃ for 1-2h, performing microwave treatment for 3-5min, taking out and drying in the air.
Preferably, the components of the germination promoter comprise gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, honeysuckle extract and vitamin C; the addition amount of each component of the bud promoting agent is 1-2g/L of gibberellin, 20-30g/L of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1-0.2g/L of glyceride hydrolase, 0.02-0.04g/L of xylanase, 5-10g/L of honeysuckle extract and 0.8-1.5g/L of vitamin C.
Preferably, the glyceride hydrolase and the xylanase are commercially available, wherein the activity of the glyceride hydrolase is 100000u/ml, and the activity of the xylanase is 50000 u/ml.
Preferably, the power of the microwave treatment is 150-180W.
The seeds of the seedless watermelons are different from the seeds of the common diploid watermelons, the seeds of the seedless watermelons are thick in seed skin and high in cork degree, so that the germination rate of the seedless watermelons is low, the seed skin is generally cut by adopting a shell breaking technology to improve the germination rate of the seedless watermelons, but the method is easy to damage seed embryos. Suberization refers to the addition of suberin, a glycerol-based polymer, to the seed coat cell wall, resulting in increased cell wall strength and poor permeability. After the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, the embryo is not damaged at all, gibberellin in the germination promoter promotes the germination of the seeds, and the polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds.
S2 germination acceleration
And (3) placing the treated seeds on wet gauze, covering a layer of wet gauze on the treated seeds, and then putting the seeds into a constant-temperature germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 12-14 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of the constant-temperature germination accelerating box is 33-35 ℃.
S3 preparation of seedling raising matrix
Preparing a seedling culture substrate suitable for seedless watermelons, wherein the seedling culture substrate is prepared by adding water into 30-40 parts of turf, 10-15 parts of perlite, 2-4 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer and 10-15 parts of vermiculite and uniformly stirring, and the water content is 55-60%.
Preferably, 1-2% of chlorothalonil 500-700 times liquid is added into a seedling culture substrate to prevent the seedling from generating diseases.
Preferably, the chlorothalonil is commercially available, and the content of the effective components is 75%.
S4, sowing seeds
The seedling substrate is arranged in a plug tray, and the seeds after germination acceleration are sown with the sowing depth of 0.8-1.0 cm; after sowing, covering the seeds with turf, leveling the seeds for 1 to 2cm, carrying out spray irrigation until the seeds are thoroughly irrigated, and then covering a layer of film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Preferably, the plug tray is 50 holes or 72 holes; the thickness of the film is 0.06-0.12 mm.
S5, seedling management
Maintaining the temperature of the greenhouse at 33-35 ℃, and keeping the ventilation in the greenhouse. Removing the film after the seedlings come out of the soil, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at night to be 16-18 ℃, and preventing hypocotyls of the seedlings from being slender to form high-foot seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night.
Preferably, the substrate is kept moist during the seedling raising management period, and the special foliar fertilizer for the watermelon is sprayed once after the first true leaf of the seedling grows out.
Furthermore, the spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is 0.1-0.15%.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention achieves the technical effects that:
1. by adopting the method provided by the invention, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds is more than 97%, the survival rate of seedlings is more than 95%, the seed utilization rate is high, and the extra cost of planting is reduced.
2. During seed treatment, after the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, no damage is caused to seed embryos, gibberellin promotes the seed germination, and polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate the germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds.
3. The seedling raising substrate suitable for the seedless watermelons is prepared, the water retention and air permeability are good, the chlorothalonil is added into the seedling raising substrate, and the survival rate of the seedlings is reduced due to the occurrence of diseases in the seedling stage.
4. After the seedlings come out of the soil, the film is removed, and meanwhile, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, so that the hypocotyls of the seedlings are prevented from being slender to form high-leg seedlings.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Embodiment 1 a method for increasing the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Selecting 500 seedless watermelon seeds with regular shapes and sizes and full grains, cleaning to remove impurities on the surface, soaking in distilled water, adding a germination promoter, soaking at 38 ℃ for 1.5h, performing microwave treatment for 5min, taking out and drying in the air.
The components of the bud promoting agent comprise gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, honeysuckle extract and vitamin C; the addition amount of each component of the bud promoting agent is 1.5g/L of gibberellin, 25g/L of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15g/L of glyceride hydrolase, 0.03g/L of xylanase, 7g/L of honeysuckle extract and 1.2g/L of vitamin C.
The activity of the glyceride hydrolase is 100000u/ml, and the activity of the xylanase is 50000 u/ml.
The power of the microwave treatment is 160W.
The seeds of the seedless watermelons are different from the seeds of the common diploid watermelons, the seeds of the seedless watermelons are thick in seed skin and high in cork degree, so that the germination rate of the seedless watermelons is low, the seed skin is generally cut by adopting a shell breaking technology to improve the germination rate of the seedless watermelons, but the method is easy to damage seed embryos. The suberization refers to that suberin is added in the seed coat cell wall, so that the strength of the cell wall is increased, and the permeability is poor; suberin is a glycerin-based polymer. After the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, the embryo is not damaged at all, gibberellin in the germination promoter promotes the germination of the seeds, and the polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate the germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds.
S2 germination acceleration
And placing the treated seeds on wet gauze, covering a layer of wet gauze on the treated seeds, and then putting the seeds into a constant-temperature germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 12 hours.
The temperature of the constant-temperature germination accelerating box is 35 ℃.
S3 preparation of seedling culture medium
Preparing a seedling culture substrate suitable for seedless watermelons, wherein the seedling culture substrate is prepared by adding water into 35 parts of grass carbon, 12 parts of perlite, 3 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer and 12 parts of vermiculite and uniformly stirring, and the water content is 60%.
Adding 600 times of 1% chlorothalonil into the seedling culture substrate to prevent and treat diseases.
The chlorothalonil is purchased from the market, and the content of effective components is 75 percent.
S4, sowing seeds
The seedling substrate is arranged in a plug tray with 50 holes, and the seeds after germination acceleration are sown with the sowing depth of 0.8 cm; after sowing, covering the seeds with turf, leveling the seeds by 1.5cm, carrying out spray irrigation until the seeds are thoroughly irrigated, and then covering a layer of film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
The thickness of the film was 0.12 mm.
S5, seedling management
The temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 34 ℃, and the ventilation in the greenhouse is kept. After the seedlings come out of the soil, removing the film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at night to be 17 ℃, and preventing hypocotyls of the seedlings from being slender to form high seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 30 ℃ in the day and 18 ℃ at night.
The substrate is kept moist during the seedling raising management period, and the special foliar fertilizer for the watermelons is sprayed once after the seedlings grow the first true leaves.
The spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is 0.1%.
By adopting the method of example 1, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds is 98%, and the survival rate of the seedlings is 97%.
Embodiment 2 a method for increasing the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Selecting 500 seedless watermelon seeds with regular shape and size and full particles, cleaning to remove impurities on the surface, soaking in distilled water, adding a germination promoter, soaking at 35 ℃ for 2h, performing microwave treatment for 3min, taking out and drying in the air.
The components of the bud promoting agent comprise gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, honeysuckle extract and vitamin C; the addition amount of each component of the bud promoting agent is 1g/L of gibberellin, 30g/L of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1g/L of glyceride hydrolase, 0.02g/L of xylanase, 5g/L of honeysuckle extract and 1.5g/L of vitamin C.
The activity of the glyceride hydrolase is 100000u/ml, and the activity of the xylanase is 50000 u/ml.
The power of the microwave treatment was 150W.
The seeds of the seedless watermelons are different from the seeds of the common diploid watermelons, the seeds of the seedless watermelons are thick in seed skin and high in cork degree, so that the germination rate of the seedless watermelons is low, the seed skin is generally cut by adopting a shell breaking technology to improve the germination rate of the seedless watermelons, but the method is easy to damage seed embryos. The suberization refers to that suberin is added in the seed coat cell wall, so that the strength of the cell wall is increased, and the permeability is poor; suberin is a glycerin-based polymer. After the germination promoter is added in the seed treatment process, the germination rate of seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, no damage is caused to seed embryos, gibberellin promotes the seed germination, and polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate the germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds.
S2 germination acceleration
And (3) placing the treated seeds on wet gauze, covering a layer of wet gauze on the treated seeds, and then putting the seeds into a constant-temperature germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 14 hours.
The temperature of the constant-temperature germination accelerating box is 33 ℃.
S3 preparation of seedling culture medium
Preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for seedless watermelons, wherein the seedling culture medium is prepared by adding water into 30 parts of grass carbon, 10 parts of perlite, 2 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer and 10 parts of vermiculite and uniformly stirring, and the water content is 55%.
And adding 500 times of 1% chlorothalonil into the seedling culture substrate to prevent and treat diseases.
The chlorothalonil is purchased from the market, and the content of effective components is 75 percent.
S4, sowing seeds
The seedling substrate is placed in a 72-hole plug tray, and the seeds after germination acceleration are sown with the sowing depth of 1 cm; after sowing, covering the seeds with turf, leveling the seeds for 1cm, carrying out spray irrigation until the seeds are thoroughly irrigated, and then covering a layer of film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
The thickness of the film is 0.06 mm.
S5, seedling management
The temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 33 ℃, and the ventilation in the greenhouse is kept. After the seedlings come out of the soil, removing the film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 23 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at night to be 16 ℃ to prevent hypocotyls of the seedlings from being slender and forming high seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night.
The substrate is kept moist during the seedling raising management period, and the special foliar fertilizer for the watermelons is sprayed once after the seedlings grow the first true leaves.
The spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is 0.15%.
By adopting the method of example 2, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds is 97%, and the survival rate of the seedlings is 96%.
Embodiment 3 a method for increasing the survival rate of seedless watermelon seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Selecting 500 seedless watermelon seeds with regular shape and size and full particles, cleaning to remove impurities on the surface, soaking in distilled water, adding a germination promoter, soaking at 40 ℃ for 1h, performing microwave treatment for 3min, taking out and drying in the air.
The components of the bud promoting agent comprise gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, honeysuckle extract and vitamin C; the components of the bud promoting agent are gibberellin 2g/L, polyvinyl alcohol 20g/L, glyceride hydrolase 0.2g/L, xylanase 0.04g/L, honeysuckle extract 10g/L and vitamin C0.8g/L.
The activity of the glyceride hydrolase is 100000u/ml, and the activity of the xylanase is 50000 u/ml.
The power of the microwave treatment is 180W.
The seeds of the seedless watermelons are different from the seeds of the common diploid watermelons, the seeds of the seedless watermelons are thick in seed skin and high in cork degree, so that the germination rate of the seedless watermelons is low, the seed skin is generally cut by adopting a shell breaking technology to improve the germination rate of the seedless watermelons, but the method is easy to damage seed embryos. The suberization refers to that suberin is added in the seed coat cell wall, so that the strength of the cell wall is increased, and the permeability is poor; suberin is a polymer based on glycerol. After the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of the seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, the embryo is not damaged at all, gibberellin in the germination promoter promotes the germination of the seeds, and the polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate the germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds.
S2 germination acceleration
And (3) placing the treated seeds on wet gauze, covering a layer of wet gauze on the treated seeds, and then placing the seeds into a constant-temperature germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 13 hours.
The temperature of the constant-temperature germination accelerating box is 34 ℃.
S3 preparation of seedling culture medium
Preparing a seedling culture medium suitable for seedless watermelons, wherein the seedling culture medium is prepared by adding water into 40 parts of grass carbon, 15 parts of perlite, 4 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer and 15 parts of vermiculite and uniformly stirring, and the water content is 60%.
700 times of liquid of 2 percent chlorothalonil is added into a seedling substrate to prevent and treat diseases.
The chlorothalonil is purchased from the market, and the content of effective components is 75 percent.
S4, sowing seeds
The seedling substrate is arranged in a plug tray with 50 holes, and the seeds after germination acceleration are sown with the sowing depth of 1 cm; after sowing, covering the seeds with turf, trowelling the seeds for 2cm, performing spray irrigation until the seeds are thoroughly irrigated, and then covering a layer of film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
The thickness of the film is 0.12 mm.
S5, seedling management
The temperature of the greenhouse is maintained at 35 ℃, and the ventilation in the greenhouse is kept. After the seedlings come out of the soil, removing the film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at night to be 18 ℃ to prevent hypocotyls of the seedlings from being slender and forming high seedlings; when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 30 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ at night.
The substrate is kept moist during the seedling raising management period, and the special foliar fertilizer for the watermelons is sprayed once after the seedlings grow the first true leaves.
The spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is 0.1%.
By the method of example 3, the germination rate of seedless watermelon seeds was 98% and the seedling survival rate was 96%.
Comparative example 1
Selecting representative example 1, removing the seed treatment step, treating the seeds by adopting the traditional hull breaking technology, wherein the rest is the same as example 1, the budding rate is 84%, the seedling survival rate is 90%, and the effect is lower than that of example 1.
During seed treatment, after the germination promoter is added, the germination rate of seedless watermelon seeds can be effectively improved, no damage is caused to seed embryos, gibberellin promotes the seed germination, and polyvinyl alcohol serving as an osmotic regulator can improve the activity of seed cells; the glyceride hydrolase can relieve the degree of the cork of the seeds; the proper amount of xylanase can loosen the cell wall structure of the seeds, reduce the strength and facilitate germination; the honeysuckle extract and the vitamin C can improve the disease resistance of the seeds. The traditional hull breaking technology is adopted to treat the seeds, certain damage can be caused to the embryo, the quality of the seedlings can be reduced, and the survival rate can be reduced.
The method for calculating the budding rate comprises the following steps: the germination rate is the number of germinated seeds ÷ the number of treated seeds × 100%
The seedling survival rate calculation method comprises the following steps: survival rate of seedling is survival seedling number multiplied by budding seed number multiplied by 100%
Unless otherwise specified, the proportions are mass proportions, and the percentages are mass percentages; the raw materials are all purchased from the market.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the survival rate of the seedless watermelon seedlings is characterized by comprising the steps of seed treatment, germination acceleration, preparation of a seedling culture medium, sowing and seedling culture management.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of the seedlings of the seedless watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds are treated by selecting the seedless watermelons with regular shapes and sizes and full particles, cleaning off impurities on the surfaces of the seeds, soaking the seeds in distilled water, adding a germination promoter, soaking the seeds for 1 to 2 hours at 35 to 40 ℃, then performing microwave treatment for 3 to 5 minutes, and fishing out and airing the seeds.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the components of said germination promoter include gibberellin, polyvinyl alcohol, glyceride hydrolase, xylanase, honeysuckle extract, and vitamin C.
4. The method for improving seedling survival rate of seedless watermelons according to claim 3, wherein the gibberellin is added in an amount of 1-2g/L, the polyvinyl alcohol is added in an amount of 20-30g/L, the glyceride hydrolase is added in an amount of 0.1-0.2g/L, the xylanase is added in an amount of 0.02-0.04g/L, the honeysuckle extract is added in an amount of 5-10g/L, and the vitamin C is added in an amount of 0.8-1.5 g/L.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power of the microwave treatment is 150- "180W".
6. The method for improving the survival rate of seedlings of seedless watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination is carried out by placing the treated seeds on wet gauze, covering a layer of wet gauze on the treated seeds, and then placing the seeds in a constant-temperature germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 12-14 hours;
the temperature of the constant-temperature germination accelerating box is 33-35 ℃.
7. The method for improving the survival rate of the seedlings of the seedless watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling culture substrate is prepared by preparing a seedling culture substrate suitable for the seedless watermelons;
the seedling raising substrate is prepared by adding water into 30-40 parts of grass carbon, 10-15 parts of perlite, 2-4 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer and 10-15 parts of vermiculite and uniformly stirring, wherein the water content is 55-60%.
8. The method for improving the survival rate of the seedlings of the seedless watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sowing step, the seedling raising substrate is arranged in a plug tray, the seeds after germination accelerating are sown, and the sowing depth is 0.8-1.0 cm; after sowing, covering the seeds with turf, leveling the seeds for 1 to 2cm, carrying out spray irrigation until the seeds are thoroughly poured, and then covering a layer of film.
9. The method for improving the survival rate of seedlings of seedless watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seedling management, the temperature of a greenhouse is maintained at 33-35 ℃, and the greenhouse is kept ventilated; removing the film after the seedlings come out of the soil, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at night to be 16-18 ℃; when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night.
10. The method for improving the survival rate of the seedless watermelon seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that in the seedling management, the substrate is kept moist during the seedling management, and after the seedlings grow to form the first true leaves, a foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is sprayed once;
the spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer special for the watermelons is 0.1-0.15%.
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