JP2009195213A - Softening method and softened seed - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a softening method for surely softening seeds of plant, especially seeds of plant belonging to the family Fagaceae or Ginkgoaceae while keeping their shapes, and to provide softened seeds that are softened by the softening method in a retained state of shape and has an excellent texture. <P>SOLUTION: The method for softening seeds of plant belonging to the family Fagaceae or Ginkgoaceae includes heat-treating the seeds and then enzymically treating the seeds with xylanase and pectinase. The heating is preferably carried out at the temperature of the central parts of the seeds in the range of 65-85°C. The seeds of plant are preferably seeds of plant belonging to the genus Castanea or Ginkgo. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a softening method and a softened seed.

  For example, there are many elderly patients and patients who cannot chew or swallow hard food due to some disease. These people usually consume a mixture of a plurality of foods in a paste or liquid form by grinding.

  However, in such a case, it is not clear what food is being eaten, and the appetite is not sufficient. As a result, adverse effects such as a drop in physical strength are likely to occur. Therefore, from the viewpoint of increasing appetite, it is important to maintain not only the softness of the food but also the shape of the food itself that the food originally has.

  As a method for softening a food that satisfies both of these conditions, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for softening a food while maintaining the shape of the food using a pectin-degrading enzyme or a cellulose-degrading enzyme. .

  However, in Patent Document 1, foods to be processed are vegetables, potatoes, beans, fruits and potatoes, and it is difficult to make all foods soft as well.

JP 2003-284522 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a softening method that can surely soften plant seeds, particularly plant seeds belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae, while maintaining the shape thereof, and such softening method, An object of the present invention is to provide a softened seed that is softened while maintaining its shape and has an excellent texture.

Such an object is achieved by the present inventions (1) to (14) below.
(1) A softening method for softening seeds of plants belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae,
A softening method, wherein the seed is heat-treated and then treated with xylanase and pectinase.

  (2) The softening method according to (1), wherein the heating is performed such that a temperature of a center portion of the seed is in a range of 65 to 85 ° C.

  (3) The softening method according to (1) or (2), wherein the heating is performed under humidification.

  (4) Humidification humidity is the softening method as described in said (3) whose relative humidity is 60 to 100% RH.

  (5) The softening method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the enzyme treatment is performed by immersing the seed in an enzyme-containing solution containing both the xylanase and the pectinase.

  (6) The softening method according to (5), wherein contents of the xylanase and the pectinase in the enzyme-containing solution are each 0.1 to 10 wt%.

  (7) The softening method according to (5) or (6), wherein the enzyme treatment is performed under reduced pressure.

  (8) In any one of the above (1) to (7), after the heat treatment, prior to the enzyme treatment, an enzyme permeation promotion treatment for promoting penetration of the xylanase and the pectinase into the seed is performed. Softening method.

  (9) The softening method according to (8), wherein the enzyme permeation promotion treatment is a freezing / thawing treatment in which the seed is frozen and then thawed.

  (10) The softening method according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein an enzyme deactivation treatment for deactivating the enzyme is performed after the enzyme treatment.

  (11) The softening method according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the seed is chestnut or ginkgo.

  (12) The softening method according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the seeds have substantially the same shape before and after softening.

  (13) A softened seed obtained by softening seeds of a plant belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae by the softening method according to any one of (1) to (12) above.

(14) The softened seeds are “Handling of labeling permission for food for elderly people (Eshin No. 15, notice of Director of Newly Developed Food Health Countermeasures Office, Food Health Division, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Health and Welfare, February 23, 1994) The softened seed according to the above (13), wherein the compressive stress measured according to “Test method for food for elderly people” is 1 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or less.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the seed of the plant which belongs to a beech family or the ginkgoaceae can be softened reliably in the state which maintained the shape, and the softened seed which has smooth texture is obtained.

In particular, by appropriately setting the temperature in the heat treatment, softened seeds that do not lose their shape can be obtained more reliably.
Such softened seeds are suitable for people who are difficult to chew or swallow.

  Hereinafter, the softening method and the softened seeds of the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments.

  The softening method of the present invention is a method for softening the seeds of plants belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae, wherein the seeds are heat-treated and then enzymatically treated with xylanase and pectinase.

  Here, examples of seeds of plants belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae to which the present invention is applied include seeds of plants belonging to the chestnut genus, beech genus, Konara genus, shii genus, genus genus or ginkgo genus. However, among these, seeds of plants belonging to the genus Chestnut or Ginkgo genus, that is, chestnuts or ginkgo are preferable.

  If the softening method of the present invention is applied to the softening of these seeds, as will be described in detail later, the softening can be ensured while maintaining the shape of these seeds. Moreover, these seeds (especially chestnut or ginkgo) are preferable because there is much demand for food.

  In the present specification, “seed” refers to a portion provided for edible foods, for example, from which the seed coat (shell / demon skin), the inner seed coat (astringent skin), etc. are removed, provided in the beech family or ginkgo fruit.

  The softening method of the present embodiment includes [1] a heat treatment step for heat-treating seeds of plants belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae, and [2] a freeze / thaw treatment step for freezing and then thawing the heated seeds. [3] An enzyme treatment step for allowing the enzyme to permeate the thawed seed and reacting, and [4] an enzyme deactivation treatment step for inactivating the enzyme.

  Through this process, the molecular chains of the constituent components of the seed (eg, polysaccharides) are evenly cut throughout to reduce the molecular weight, resulting in softening while maintaining the seed shape. It can be performed.

Hereinafter, each process is explained in full detail.
[1] Heat treatment step First, for example, when chestnuts are used, demon skin and astringent skin are removed to obtain seeds for treatment, and then the seeds are heat treated.

  As a result, the constituent components of the seeds are, for example, entangled between the molecules, or the molecular chains are cut slightly, or the distance between the molecules is increased, and voids are formed in the seeds. . For this reason, in the enzyme treatment step [3] described later, the molecular chain can be more reliably cleaved by the enzyme, that is, the seed can be softened more reliably.

  The heat treatment method is not particularly limited. For example, a method of heating seeds under humidification (steaming method), a method of immersing seeds in boiling water (boiled water) (boiling method), or spraying hot water on the seeds. Or the method of apply | coating (application | coating method), the method of making a seed contact a flame, etc. are mentioned, Among these, it can use combining 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.

  Among these, as a heat treatment method, a method of heating seeds under humidification (a method of steaming) is particularly suitable.

  According to this method, the temperature at the center of the seed can be easily and accurately controlled during the heat treatment.

  Moreover, moisture can be impregnated in the seed with heating, and voids can be formed in the seed by removing this moisture in the freezing and thawing treatment step [2]. As a result, in the enzyme treatment step [3], the enzyme can be uniformly supplied into the gap. Therefore, the softening of the seed by an enzyme can be performed in a state having an excellent texture.

  Furthermore, the outer surface of the softened seeds finally obtained may have a good appearance without being burnt.

  In this case, the humidity of humidification is preferably about 60 to 100% RH, and more preferably about 85 to 100% RH in terms of relative humidity. By performing heat treatment on the seed under humidification in such a range, it is possible to heat the seed evenly to the center of the seed without alteration (denaturation) of the outer surface of the seed.

  In addition, the heating is preferably performed so that the temperature at the center of the seed is in a range of about 65 to 85 ° C, and more preferably in a range of about 70 to 80 ° C. By heating so that the temperature of the center part of the seed is within the above range, the temperature in the vicinity of the outer surface of the seed can be prevented from becoming unnecessarily high, and the seed can be heated almost uniformly. For this reason, when the seed is treated with an enzyme in the enzyme treatment step [3] to be described later, it is possible to reliably prevent the outer surface of the seed from being selectively dissolved, swollen or deformed. As a result, the seed can be reliably maintained in substantially the same shape (the shape of the seed itself) before and after softening.

  In order to set the temperature at the center of the seed within the above range, the heating temperature is preferably about 70 to 110 ° C., more preferably about 80 to 100 ° C., although it varies slightly depending on the installation temperature. The By setting within this range, the temperature at the center of the seed can be set within the above range, and a substantially uniform temperature can be maintained throughout the entire seed.

  Further, the heating time is not particularly limited because it varies slightly depending on the temperature of the center of the seed, but when it is within the above temperature range, it is preferably about 5 to 30 minutes, and is about 10 to 20 minutes. Is more preferable. By heating the seed in such a time, it can be heated more reliably and uniformly to the center of the seed (whole seed), and when the seed is treated with an enzyme, the outer surface of the seed dissolves, swells, It is possible to more reliably prevent deformation and the like.

[2] Freezing / thawing step Next, the heat-treated seed is frozen and then thawed.

[2-1] First, the heat-treated seeds are frozen.
Thereby, after the water | moisture content which exists in the inside of a seed crystallizes, when it liquefies again in process [2-2] mentioned later, a fine space | gap (flow path) is formed in the inside of a seed. As a result, in the enzyme treatment step [3], the enzyme-containing liquid can be surely penetrated to the center of the seed through the formed gap.

  Therefore, such freezing / thawing treatment can be said to be an enzyme permeation promoting treatment that promotes permeation of the enzyme into the seed in the enzyme treatment step [3].

  The temperature during freezing (freezing temperature) is not particularly limited, but is preferably −5 ° C. or lower, more preferably −10 ° C. or lower, and further preferably −20 ° C. or lower. By setting to such a freezing temperature, it is possible to freeze evenly to the center of the seed quickly and reliably.

  The time for holding at the freezing temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 hour or more, and more preferably about 5 to 12 hours.

  In addition, the time required to reach the freezing temperature is also appropriately set according to the size of the voids to be formed inside the seed. For example, it is preferable to freeze rapidly in order to form extremely fine voids, and to freeze slowly in order to form relatively large voids.

[2-2] Next, thaw the frozen seeds.
The thawing method is not particularly limited. For example, the method in which the seeds are allowed to stand at room temperature, the method in which the seeds are allowed to stand in a heating atmosphere, the method in which the seeds are allowed to stand in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, and the method in the heat treatment described above. Etc. can be used alone or in combination.

  Among these, as a thawing method, it is preferable to use at least one of a method of leaving a seed at room temperature and a method of leaving a seed in a reduced-pressure atmosphere. According to the former method, seeds can be easily thawed without requiring a large facility. It is also preferable because it can be thawed while preventing the loss of shape of the seed. Further, according to the latter method, when the water crystallized in the gap is sublimated and thawed, the amount of water remaining in the gap can be surely reduced, and the enzyme treatment step [3] Thus, the penetration rate of the enzyme into the gap can be improved.

  The thawing may not be performed in this step [2], and the seed may be thawed in the enzyme-containing solution in the next step [3].

  In addition, in the enzyme permeation promotion treatment, instead of freezing and thawing the seed, for example, a method in which the seed is pressurized in a state of being immersed in the enzyme solution, a vacuum, or a relative humidity of about 30 to 60% RH. A method of placing it under air and slightly drying the surface can be used.

[3] Enzyme treatment step Next, through the step [2], the thawed seed is allowed to permeate and react (enzyme reaction) with the enzyme.

  Thereby, the component of a seed can be cut | disconnected by the effect | action of an enzyme, and the molecular weight reduction can be performed, As a result, a seed can be softened.

  In the present invention, an enzyme containing both a xylanase and a pectinase is used as an enzyme that cleaves seed components.

  A xylanase has an enzyme activity that cleaves a bond between xyloses present in hemicellulose, which is one of the polysaccharides contained in seeds (chestnuts). On the other hand, pectinase has an enzyme activity ability to cleave the bond between galacturonic acids present in pectin.

  Here, when enzyme treatment is performed using only one of xylanase and pectinase, the softened seeds do not have sufficient softness in terms of mechanically measured values, or even mechanically. Even if it has a sufficient softness at the value measured in the above, when it is actually eaten, the degree of softness is not uniform throughout, and a sufficient (smooth) texture may not be obtained.

  This is because in the enzyme treatment of either xylanase or pectinase, the enzyme is permeated into the voids formed in the seeds through the steps [1] and [2] to cut the constituent components of the seeds. It is considered that a large number of polysaccharides that have not been sufficiently decomposed (lower molecular weight) existed in the seeds, and these remain in the seeds.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, by performing enzyme treatment using both xylanase and pectinase, the degree of molecular weight reduction of the constituent components inside the seed can be made uniform throughout the seed, and after softening In addition to the low mechanical measurement, the seeds of can give a very smooth texture when actually eaten.

  Moreover, each of xylanase and pectinase does not inhibit the enzyme activities of each other as described above. Therefore, these enzymes permeate the seeds while cutting the constituent components of the seeds that can be cut by each other. As a result, the enzyme can be almost uniformly permeated throughout the seed and can be softened uniformly.

  Examples of the method for allowing the enzyme to penetrate into the seed include a method of immersing the thawed seed in the enzyme-containing liquid (immersion method), a method of spraying and applying the seed containing the enzyme-containing liquid (application method), and the like. These can be used alone or in combination.

  Among these, as a method for allowing the enzyme to penetrate into the seed, it is preferable to use a method (immersion method) in which the thawed seed is immersed in the enzyme-containing solution. By using the dipping method, it is preferable because a large amount of seeds can be treated simultaneously with a simple operation.

  In this case, immersion of the thawed seed in the enzyme-containing solution may be performed under normal pressure, but is preferably performed under reduced pressure. Thereby, the enzyme can be more reliably permeated into the void formed in the seed, that is, the inside of the seed.

  Although the pressure in the case of pressure reduction is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is about 500-3000 Pa, and it is more preferable that it is about 1000-2000 Pa.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the temperature of an enzyme containing liquid is about 10-30 degreeC, and it is more preferable that it is about 15-25 degreeC.

  The immersion time of the seed in the enzyme-containing solution varies slightly depending on the temperature of the enzyme-containing solution and is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 to 60 minutes, and more preferably about 5 to 45 minutes.

  In addition, the immersion of the thawed seed in the enzyme-containing solution is performed in place of reducing the surrounding atmosphere or reducing the pressure, and applying vibration (ultrasonic vibration) to the extent that the shape of the seed does not collapse, You may make it carry out, stirring. Thereby, the penetration efficiency of the enzyme into the seed can be increased.

  Here, in the enzyme permeation treatment, a first enzyme-containing liquid containing xylanase and a second enzyme-containing liquid containing pectinase may be prepared, and the seeds may be treated using these sequentially. It is preferable to use an enzyme-containing solution containing both xylanase and pectinase. As a result, both xylanase and pectinase enzymes can be uniformly permeated to the center of the seed sufficiently and without unevenness in their concentrations.

  In this case, the content of xylanase in the enzyme-containing solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 10 wt%, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5 wt%. By setting the content of xylanase in the enzyme-containing liquid in the above range, it is possible to more reliably reduce the molecular weight of hemicellulose.

  Further, the content of pectinase in the enzyme-containing solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.1 to 10 wt%, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5 wt%. By setting the content of pectinase in the enzyme-containing solution in the above range, the molecular weight of pectin can be reduced more reliably.

  Therefore, seeds can be softened more quickly and reliably by using an enzyme-containing solution containing both xylanase and pectinase in the above range. It is also possible to reliably prevent the seed shape from collapsing.

  Examples of the liquid used to prepare such an enzyme-containing liquid include water and alcohols such as ethanol, and one or more of these can be used in combination. In addition, a buffer solution to which a buffering agent such as phosphate or citrate is added can also be used.

  The enzyme reaction between the seed constituents and the enzyme as described above is preferably carried out as slowly as possible. Specifically, it is preferably carried out at a low temperature for a relatively long time. Thereby, the molecular weight reduction of the component of a seed can be performed uniformly in the whole seed. As a result, the softened seeds have a very good texture.

  The low temperature is preferably about 4 to 15 ° C, more preferably about 5 to 10 ° C.

  In the temperature range, the enzyme reaction time is preferably about 1 to 18 hours, and preferably about 5 to 15 hours.

[4] Enzyme deactivation treatment step Next, an enzyme deactivation treatment for deactivating the enzyme is performed.

  As a result, the softened seeds (softened seeds) can be prevented from undergoing further enzymatic reaction during storage or the like, for example, causing seeds to lose their shape.

Examples of the enzyme deactivation treatment include heat treatment for heating the enzyme-treated seed, treatment for bringing an acid solution into contact with the enzyme-treated seed (treatment for immersing in an acid solution, etc.), and the like.
The softened seeds of the present invention are obtained through the above steps.

  In addition, the softened seeds obtained in this way have a shape that is almost equal to the seed before softening. That is, such softened seeds are sufficiently softened, have a good texture, and maintain the appearance of the seeds before softening. For this reason, it can be expected to promote appetite for elderly people and patients who are difficult to chew and swallow.

Such softened seeds preferably have a compressive stress of 1 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or less, more preferably 5 × 10 ⁴ N / m ^2, measured according to the “Method for testing food for elderly people” prescribed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. ² or less. By satisfying such numerical values, the above-mentioned elderly and patients can surely chew and swallow the softened seeds.

  As mentioned above, although the softening method and softened seed of this invention were demonstrated about embodiment, this invention is not limited to this.

  For example, in the present invention, steps [2] and [4] in the above embodiment may be omitted. Moreover, arbitrary processes may be added.

  In addition to xylanase and pectinase, other enzymes such as cellulase, β-glucosidase, amylase, and lactase can also be used in combination.

Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.
1. 1. Evaluation by difference in enzyme type 1-1. Production of softened seeds (Example 1A)
<1> Heat treatment step First, 20 Japanese chestnuts were prepared, and the devil skin and astringent skin were removed to obtain Japanese chestnut seeds. Then, this Japanese corn seed was put into boiling water (100 ° C.) and boiled for 10 minutes.
In addition, the temperature of the center part (core part) of the seed after 10-minute progress was 73 degreeC on average.

<2> Freezing / thawing treatment step Next, the heat-treated seeds were stored in a freezing chamber at -20 ° C and frozen overnight (10 hours). Thereafter, the frozen seeds were taken out of the freezer and thawed by leaving them at 20 ° C. (room temperature) for 60 minutes.

<3> Enzyme treatment step Next, an enzyme aqueous solution (enzyme-containing solution) in which both xylanase and pectinase were dissolved in water was prepared.

  In addition, the content of xylanase (xylanase activity: 90000 U / g) in the enzyme aqueous solution was 0.5 wt%, and the content of pectinase (pectinase activity: 8000 U / g) was 0.5 wt%.

  The seeds after thawing were immersed in this aqueous enzyme solution for 10 minutes under reduced pressure (1500 Pa). This allowed both xylanase and pectinase to penetrate into the seed.

  Next, the seed into which the enzyme had permeated was stored in a refrigerated room at 5 ° C. and left overnight (10 hours). Thereby, the seed and the enzyme were reacted.

<4> Enzyme deactivation treatment step Next, the seed after completion of the enzyme reaction treatment was heated at 75 ° C. for 1 hour to deactivate the enzyme.
As described above, softened seeds of Japanese grits were obtained.

(Comparative Example 1A)
In step <3>, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A except that a 1.0 wt% xylanase aqueous solution was used as the enzyme-containing solution.

(Comparative Example 2A)
In step <3>, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A except that a 1.0 wt% pectinase aqueous solution was used as the enzyme-containing solution.

(Comparative Example 3A)
In step <3>, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that a 1.0 wt% cellulase aqueous solution was used as the enzyme-containing solution.

(Comparative Example 4A)
In step <3>, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that an enzyme aqueous solution containing both xylanase and cellulase was used as the enzyme-containing solution.

  The xylanase content in the enzyme aqueous solution was 0.5 wt%, and the cellulase content was 0.5 wt%.

(Comparative Example 5A)
In step <3>, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1A, except that an enzyme aqueous solution containing both pectinase and cellulase was used as the enzyme-containing solution.

  In addition, the content of pectinase in this enzyme aqueous solution was 0.5 wt%, and the content of cellulase was 0.5 wt%.

1-2. Evaluation 1-2-1. Compressive stress Compressive stress is in the "Handling of labeling permission for food for the elderly (Notification No. 15; Notification of Director of Newly Developed Food Health Countermeasures Office, Food and Health Division, Ministry of Health and Welfare, February 23, 1994)" Measured with reference to (based on) the test method for food for elderly people. That is, using a rheometer ("RE2-33005S" manufactured by Yamaden Co., Ltd.), a plunger with a diameter of 3 mm is compressed at a compression rate of 10 mm / second from the upper end of the softened seed (sample) to 70% of the thickness. The clearance was set such that 30% of the lower end portion remained, and the compressive stress (N / m ² ) was measured. Here, the clearance means the distance from the tip of the plunger to the zero point (that is, the lower end of the sample) when the sample is compressed to the maximum.

The measurement temperature was 20 ± 2 ° C.
And the average value of the measurement result of ten softened seeds measured with the softened seed of Example 1A and each comparative example was evaluated according to the following four criteria.

◎: 1 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or less ○: 1 × 10 ⁵ N / m ^{2 or} more, 5 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or less △: 5 × 10 ⁵ N / m ^{2 or} more, 1 × 10 ⁶ N / m ² or less ×: more than 1 × 10 ⁶ N / m ²

1-2-2. Evaluation of texture Next, 10 monitors were allowed to eat the softened seeds of Example 1A and each comparative example, respectively, and evaluated according to the following four criteria according to the texture they felt. .

A: The texture is extremely smooth as a whole.
B: Although it is a smooth texture as a whole, a slightly solid thing remains in the mouth.
C: Many solid things remain in the mouth, and the overall texture is not smooth.
D: It feels hard as a whole.

And the data of the monitor was totalized about Example 1A and each comparative example.
These results are shown in Table 1.

  As is apparent from Table 1, the softened seeds of Example 1A obtained by enzyme treatment using both xylanase and pectinase exhibited sufficient softness in the mechanically measured values (compressive stress). Even when actually eaten, the texture was extremely smooth.

  In contrast, the softened seeds of Comparative Example 1A obtained by enzymatic treatment using only xylanase and Comparative Example 4A obtained by enzymatic treatment using both xylanase and cellulase were mechanically Although the measured value showed a sufficient softness, a sufficient texture was not obtained when actually eaten.

  In addition, the softened seeds of Comparative Examples 2A, 3A, and 5A obtained by enzyme treatment with other enzymes are inferior in both mechanically measured values and actual texture. Met.

2. 2. Evaluation by temperature difference in heat treatment 2-1. Production of softened seeds (Example 1B)
In the step <1>, using a steam convention (steamer), heating was performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 10 minutes under humidification (relative humidity 100% RH), in the same manner as in Example 1A. Softened seeds were obtained.
In addition, the temperature of the center part (core part) of the seed after 10-minute progress was 71 degreeC on average.

(Example 2B)
Except for the heating time of 20 minutes, softened seeds of Japanese grits were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B.
In addition, the temperature of the center part of the seed after 20-minute progress averaged 83 degreeC.

(Example 3B)
Except for the heating time of 25 minutes, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B.
In addition, the temperature of the center part of the seed after 25 minutes passed was an average of 87 degreeC.

(Example 4B)
Except for the heating time of 5 minutes, softened seeds of Japanese corn were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B.
In addition, the temperature of the center part of the seed after 5 minutes passed averaged 67 degreeC.

(Example 5B)
A softened Japanese corn seed was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B except that the heating time was 3 minutes.
In addition, the temperature of the center part of the seed after 3 minutes passed was an average of 60 degreeC.

(Comparative Example 1B)
Softened seeds of Japanese grits were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1B except that the heat treatment was omitted.

2-2. Evaluation 2-2-1. Compressive stress It was carried out in the same manner as 1-2-1.

2-2-2. Texture evaluation It performed like said 1-2-2.

2-2-3. Shape Evaluation Each of the ten softened seeds was visually confirmed and evaluated according to the following four criteria.

A: No change in shape is observed.
○: Some shape change is recognized.
(Triangle | delta): The change of a clear shape is recognized.
X: The shape is not stopped.
These results are shown in Table 2.

  As is apparent from Table 2, the temperature of the center part of the seed during the heat treatment is set to a range of 70 to 80 ° C. (Examples 1A and 1B), thereby maintaining the shape of the softened seed while maintaining the mechanical shape. Both the measured value and the actual texture were excellent.

  Moreover, when softened seeds were produced in the same manner as in the Examples and Comparative Examples using ginkgo instead of Japanese chestnuts, the same results as described above were obtained.

Claims (13)

A softening method for softening seeds of plants belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae,
A softening method, wherein the seed is heat-treated and then treated with xylanase and pectinase.   The softening method according to claim 1, wherein the heating is performed so that a temperature of a center portion of the seed is in a range of 65 to 85 ° C.   The softening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating is performed under humidification.   The softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the enzyme treatment is performed by immersing the seed in an enzyme-containing solution containing both the xylanase and the pectinase.   The softening method according to claim 4, wherein the content of the xylanase and the pectinase in the enzyme-containing solution is 0.1 to 10 wt%, respectively.   The softening method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the enzyme treatment is performed under reduced pressure.   The softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein after the heat treatment, prior to the enzyme treatment, an enzyme permeation promoting treatment for promoting permeation of the xylanase and the pectinase into the seed is performed.   The softening method according to claim 7, wherein the enzyme permeation promoting treatment is a freezing / thawing treatment in which the seed is frozen and then thawed.   The softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an enzyme deactivation treatment for deactivating the enzyme is performed after the enzyme treatment.   The softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seed is a chestnut or a ginkgo.   The softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the seeds have substantially the same shape before and after softening.   A softened seed obtained by softening seeds of a plant belonging to the family Beechaceae or Ginkgoaceae by the softening method according to any one of claims 1 to 11. The softened seeds are described in “Handling of labeling permission for foods for elderly people (Eshin No.15, Notification of Director of Newly Developed Food Health Countermeasures Office, Food and Health Division, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Health and Welfare, February 23, 1994)” The softened seed according to claim 12, which has a compressive stress of 1 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or less measured according to “Test method for food for elderly people”.