CN102948318A - High-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method - Google Patents
High-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102948318A CN102948318A CN2012104177124A CN201210417712A CN102948318A CN 102948318 A CN102948318 A CN 102948318A CN 2012104177124 A CN2012104177124 A CN 2012104177124A CN 201210417712 A CN201210417712 A CN 201210417712A CN 102948318 A CN102948318 A CN 102948318A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method, which relates to an all-film double-ridge furrow drilling technique applied to dry farming areas at the altitude of 2000m to 2500m and belongs to the technical field of horsebean cultivation. The high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method which is a horsebean cultivation technique is characterized in that from mid-to-late October to the days before soil freezes up or in the early spring of the next year, an all-film double-ridge furrow drill is adopted to cover the whole ground with films, and after germination is accelerated, horsebean seeds are sowed into the soil under the temperature of 2 DEG C to 8 DEG C; and in the mid-to-late April of the next year, according to the planting depth of 5cm to 6cm and the plant spacing of 18cm to 23cm, seedlings are planted in the middle lower parts of the sunny sides of small and large ridges. The high-altitude dry-farmed horsebean cultivation method has the advantages that the large and small ridges are completely covered by the mulching films, so that moisture supply is guaranteed in the growth period of horsebeans; the ground temperature is increased, the effective accumulated temperature is increased, the growth period of horsebeans is prolonged, the potential of horsebean production can be exerted, and the maturity of horsebeans is guaranteed; and moreover, the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly use full film double-furrow at high height above sea level Techniques in Dry-farming Areas and broadcast technology, belong to broad bean culture technique field, specifically a kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method.
Background technology
Broad bean claims again lima bean, Buddhist beans etc.; Annual or biennial herb; Be grain, Vegetable and forage, green manure dual-purpose crop.Broad bean contains 8 kinds of essential amino acids, carbohydrate content 47～60%, and nutritive value is abundant, and edible also can sauce processed, soy sauce, bean vermicelli, bean sheet jelly and do vegetables, and also capable of using as feed, green manure and nectariferous plant are planted.
Yuan Dynasty agronomist Wang Zhen says in " agricultural book ": " beginning during silkworm ripe, therefore named "; And Ming Dynasty physician Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is thought in " food book on Chinese herbal medicine ": " pod-like such as old silkworm, therefore named ".Seed is edible; Stem, leaf are rich in nitrogen, are good green manure in winter; Flower, fruit pod, kind shell, seed and Ye Junke are used as medicine, and the function of hemostasis, diuresis, detoxifcation, detumescence is arranged.The root system of broad bean is flourishing, but underground layer 60～100cm, nodule formation early, stem is square, hollow, minute principal stresses upright, stem are strong, thousand kernel weight 900～2500g; Broad bean has stronger cold resistance, and seed can begin to germinate in the time of 5～6 ℃, but the suitableeest germination temperature is 16 ℃, and seedling can be restrained oneself the low temperature about-5 ℃, easily freezes to death in the time of-6 ℃; The thermophilic of growth is 20～25 ℃; Broad bean requires not strict to illumination, soil moisture is had relatively high expectations, and is suitable for cooling and more moistening weather; Adaptability to soil is wider, and sandy loam, clay, paddy field soil, alkaline soil etc. all can be cultivated, to the requirement of soil nutrient, and in the seedling stage that does not form root nodule, suitable an amount of applied nitrogen; Also larger to phosphorus, potassium requirement; Fertility has good effect to magnesium boron to broad bean.Soil lacking boron then easily hinders the breeding of rhizobium, makes the plant fertility bad.
Broad bean is grain, vegetables, green manure, feed dual-purpose crop, and stronger nitrogen fixing capacity is arranged in legume crop, likes the clay loam of warm cool humid climate and pH 6.2～8, not anti-sweltering heat, intolerant to waterlogging.The optimum temperature of broad bean each breeding time is: 9～12 ℃ of germination periods, 14～16 ℃ of vegetative growth phases, 16～20 ℃ of reproductive stages; Temperature is crossed low too high all impacts and is normally pollinated and bear pods.For a long time; adopt the flat work of open country and the flat work of half film in high height above sea level Drought Mountain Area broad bean plantation always; yield poorly and unstable (per mu yield is generally between 100～130kg); and often because of the drought in spring; the impact of the poor grade of soil moisture content; cause broad bean can not sowing in time or emerge uneven, the growth of cereal crop seedlings is poor, the normal growth that has a strong impact on broad bean is grown, and becomes a large factor of the large-scale production of the high height above sea level Drought Mountain Area broad bean of restriction, industrialized development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve in the above high height above sea level Arid Mountain Area broad bean planting technology of height above sea level 2000m can not proper seeding or the difficulty of after planting emerging, Miao Buquan, the poor problem of the growth of cereal crop seedlings, realizes the purpose of broad bean plantation high-yield and high-efficiency.
For achieving the above object, a kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that:
One, adopts full film double-furrow to broadcast machine before freeze-up to soil in mid or late October or when early spring in next year, full film is carried out on ground cover, form the high 12cm in ridge, Da Long ridge bottom width 70cm, two ridges of micro-ridge ridge bottom width 40cm;
Two, select full Broad Bean Seeds, carry out under 2～8 ℃ temperature, being sown in the soil after the vernalization;
Three, press seed level 5～6cm in mid or late April in next year, spacing in the rows 18～23cm, face south on micro-ridge and large ridge a kind of broad bean planting technology of side middle and lower part, ridge of sowing.
Described germination accelerating method is: after Broad Bean Seeds is carried out the conventional program of hoting water treatment of seeds, be placed in the wet cloth bag, spray the solution that contains Mo 0.02～0.08mg/L, Zn0.08～0.10mg/L on wet cloth bag surface, to fill seed-bearing wet cloth bag and spray mentioned solution, every interval 2～4h sprays once, sows in 6h after broad bean kind skin rises brokenly.
The present invention is applicable to the broad bean plantation of height above sea level 2000～2500m.
Because broad bean self rhizobium have very strong nitrogen fixation, can effectively increase the available nitrogen in the soil, reducing by a large amount of undesirable roots, cauline leaf etc. simultaneously increases the soil organic matter in soil, plays the improvement soil structure, and the fertilizing soil soil fertility is conducive to rear the volume increase.
The plantation broad bean is because the film destroy degree is little over the ground, if energy safekeeping mulch film, lower stubble also can be planted potato, saves the mulch film consumption, reduces white pollution to the impact of ecotope, has obvious ecological benefits.
High height above sea level Drought Mountain Area high-efficiency crop kinds of planting is single, uses this technology, is conducive to the Drought Mountain Area Cropping structure adjustment, widens the increasing peasant income channel, and social benefit is remarkable.
The small towns such as the Mongolian gazelle river of the agrotechnical Center Technology personnel in Gulang County in 2012 southern Drought Mountain Area in the county, black pine post, shield and city wall defending army, broadcast the broad bean planting technology by using full film double-furrow, the broad bean average yield reaches 300kg/ mu, maximum output reaches 400kg/ mu, calculate by 4.5 yuan/kg of market procurement price, 1404 yuan of mu incomes, deduction seed, mulch film, fertilizer etc. drop into 250 yuan/mu, 1154 yuan of mu net incomes, more local general planting (half film is flat to be done) mu volume increase 56kg, rate of growth 23.6%, mu increases income 252 yuan; Compare with the full film ridge culture potato of promoting in recent years, potato yield is by nearly three annual output 1832kg, and average 0.6 yuan/kg of procurement price calculates, 1099.2 yuan/mu of full film ridge culture potato mu incomes, deduction seed, mulch film, chemical fertilizer etc. drop into 500 yuan/mu, 599.2 yuan of mu net incomes; Full film double-furrow is broadcast the more full film ridge culture of broad bean potato mu and is increased 554.8 yuan of net incomes, remarkable in economical benefits.
A kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method of the present invention, its beneficial effect is: the present invention has carried out full plastic mulching to large micro-ridge, can fully collect on the one hand the small precipitation of autumn and winter and broad bean growing period, be sowing in spring, the good soil moisture content of creation of emerging, and can protect to greatest extent whole rainfalls of holding the broad bean growing period, reduce the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, guarantee the moisture supply of broad bean in breeding time; On the other hand, full film can improve ground temperature after covering in early days, increases effective accumulated temperature, prolongs broad bean breeding time, is conducive to bring into play the broad bean productive potential, guarantees that broad bean is ripe; And remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
Following examples are that the present invention further goes out to set forth.
Embodiment 1
(1) select breeding: select the improved seeds that output is high, product are of fine quality, premunition is strong, as face silkworm No. 2, No. 3 etc.; Broadcast the sunny weather of front selection, Broad Bean Seeds is spread out on the ground shone 2 days, it is too thick that attention is not spread out, and duty is stirred, and evenly basks seeds; Reject sick, mashed seed during sowing;
(2) plot is selected: select topsoil deep, be rich in organic matter, irrigation and drainage are good, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, soil pH value is between 6, preceding crop is the clay loam plantation of wheat, potatoes and other crops, avoids continuous cropping;
(3) ridging overlay film: carry out autumn overlay film and early spring top in mid or late October and early spring in next year in good time and insult overlay film, before the overlay film soil block is harrowed broken, rake in ground, broadcast machine ridging overlay film (mulch film fabric width 1.2m) with full film double-furrow, form the high 12cm in ridge, Da Long ridge bottom width 70cm, two furrows of micro-ridge ridge bottom width 40cm, and in ditch, beat water seepage hole every 1m; Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 3000kg, superphosphate 15kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 5kg or ash 30kg in conjunction with whole land;
(4) begin sowing in good time: after Broad Bean Seeds is carried out the conventional program of hoting water treatment of seeds, be placed in the wet cloth bag, spray the solution that contains Mo 0.02mg/L, Zn0.08mg/L on wet cloth bag surface, to fill seed-bearing wet cloth bag and spray mentioned solution, every interval 2h sprays once, sows in 6h after broad bean kind skin rises brokenly; Broad bean vernalization is temperature required lower, and the anti-low temperature below 0 ℃ of seedling, and county south Drought Mountain Area generally in the mid or late April sowing, press seed level 5cm, spacing in the rows 18cm, the sowing side middle and lower part, ridge that faces south on micro-ridge and large ridge, mu 4800 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, mu sowing quantity 10kg;
(5) looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings: will in time look into seedling after broad bean is emerged, find to be short of seedling and will to reseed immediately, to guarantee full stand, want when filling the gaps with seedlings to sow behind the first presoaking and germinating again;
(6) scientific consumption of water: broad bean is liked the weather that cools, rationally irrigation and drainage.Growth keeps ground moistening early stage, is unearthed in order to seed sprouting, takes root Qi Miao; Growth soil in mid-term should be dry and comfortable, and is deeply living in order to root system, gives birth to lateral root more, and cauline leaf is sturdy; The growth later stage should be noted prevention against water-logging;
(7) rational application of fertilizer: flowering stage, mu was watered 30kg spraying with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g, every spray in 10 days once, sprayed altogether 2 times, to promote grouting, prolonged functional period of leaf, prevented the fallen flowers pod that falls, and improved 100-grain weight, increased output;
(8) pinching of in time pinching: the flower of broad bean is the short racemes of adnation, and flowering time reaches 20 days, is blooming when bearing pods, the needs that nutrient can not concentrated supply be bloomed and born pods, blooming 8 layers time, in time extract the slightly tender of top 1cm, guarantee the needs of nourishing and growing of blooming and bearing pods;
(9) pest management: the broad bean disease mainly contains root rot, rust etc., and insect pest is take aphid as main, and when rust occured, mu was watered 20kg with 20% triazolone missible oil 80g, the foliage-spray control; When root rot occured, mu was watered 30kg spraying control with 20% carbendazim wettable powder 120g, and when aphid occurs, 2000 times of liquid sprayings of available 1.8% Chongmanke missible oil control;
(10) in good time results: when beanpod full, beans enriches, and the seed color of the leather is pale green, and hilum not yet turns when deceiving as eating the broad bean optimal harvest time raw, become pitchy, beans hardening when bean plant has the beanpod more than 1/3, blade is withered and yellow can be gathered in the crops when coming off in good time.
Claims (4)
1. one kind high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method is characterized in that:
Select full Broad Bean Seeds, carry out under 2～8 ℃ temperature, being sown in the soil after the vernalization;
2. a kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described germination accelerating method is: after Broad Bean Seeds is carried out the conventional program of hoting water treatment of seeds, be placed in the wet cloth bag, spray vernalization solution on wet cloth bag surface, to fill seed-bearing wet cloth bag and spray mentioned solution, every interval 2～4h sprays once, sows in 6h after broad bean kind skin rises brokenly.
3. a kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: vernalization solution contains Mo 0.02～0.08mg/L, Zn0.08～0.10mg/L.
4. a kind of high height above sea level dry farming broad bean cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the present invention is applicable to the broad bean plantation of height above sea level 2000～2500m.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103718814A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Climbing vine type pea bud manual vernalization method |
| CN104041317A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | Broad bean planting method |
| CN105145074A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Nourishing liquid for broad bean mulching cultivation |
| CN105165341A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Broad bean mulching film cultivation method |
| CN105248064A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Sandy composite soil for broad bean mulch cultivation |
| CN107216177A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-29 | 黄少学 | A kind of rain supports Techniques in Dry-farming Areas broad bean implantation methods |
| CN108575638A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods overcoming broad bean continuous cropping obstacle |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103718814A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Climbing vine type pea bud manual vernalization method |
| CN104041317A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州市美人半岛齐力生态农产品专业合作社 | Broad bean planting method |
| CN105145074A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Nourishing liquid for broad bean mulching cultivation |
| CN105165341A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Broad bean mulching film cultivation method |
| CN105248064A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽红花食品有限公司 | Sandy composite soil for broad bean mulch cultivation |
| CN107216177A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-29 | 黄少学 | A kind of rain supports Techniques in Dry-farming Areas broad bean implantation methods |
| CN108575638A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-28 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods overcoming broad bean continuous cropping obstacle |
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Application publication date: 20130306 |