CN103069991B - Cultivation method of pollution-free strawberries - Google Patents
Cultivation method of pollution-free strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN103069991B CN103069991B CN201310033997.6A CN201310033997A CN103069991B CN 103069991 B CN103069991 B CN 103069991B CN 201310033997 A CN201310033997 A CN 201310033997A CN 103069991 B CN103069991 B CN 103069991B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of the cultivation of fruits and particularly relates to a cultivation method of pollution-free strawberries, which comprises the following steps of: (1) disinfecting the soil; (2) applying base fertilizer to the soil; (3) spraying pesticide to the soil and weeding; (4) planting; (5) applying rooting water; (6) suspending seedlings; (7) managing before covering mulching films; (8) laying the mulching films; (9) constructing a greenhouse; (10) managing after constructing the greenhouse; and (11) harvesting. According to the cultivation method of the pollution-free strawberries, the operations of applying fertilizer and using pesticide are carried out according to different periods in the growth of strawberries, so that required nutritional components are fully obtained by the strawberries at different periods, the stable, abundant and normal growth is kept, the yield and the quality of the fruits of the strawberries are enhanced, and the pollution-free strawberries with high quality are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit and cultivate field, be specifically related to the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry.
Background technology
Strawberry cry again the red certain kind of berries, the foreign certain kind of berries, the certain kind of berries etc., be a kind of fruit of redness.Strawberry is the common name to rose family Fragaria plant, belongs to herbaceos perennial.It is heart-shaped that the outward appearance of strawberry is, delicious red tender, and pulp succulence contains special strong fruit fragrance.Strawberry nutrition is worth high, containing enriching vitamin C, and the effect of helpful digestion, meanwhile, strawberry can also be consolidated gums, fresh breath, moist throat.
Strawberry is the holder of rosaceous plant strawberry, and its real fruit is those tiny particles of holder surface, belongs to herbaceos perennial, floral white.Originate in the ground such as South America, Europe, between 11～January of winter, pluck every year using fresh herb during fruit maturation.
Strawberry contains abundant vitamin and mineral matter, and every hectogram contains vitamin C up to 80 milligrams, far away higher than apple and pears; Also contain glucose, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, carotin, vitamin b3 etc.These nutrients are to the good facilitation of having grown of children, also very useful to the elderly's health.Especially abundant vitamin C can be prevented and treated bleeding gums, promotes wound healing, and can make skin fine and smooth and flexible.
The traditional Chinese medical science thinks, strawberry taste is sweet, cool in nature, has the effects such as moistening lung is promoted the production of body fluid, strengthening the spleen and stomach, eats after meal several strawberries, contributes to digestion appetizing, and invigorating the spleen is promoted the production of body fluid.Recently physician finds, often edible strawberry is also helpful to preventing and treating arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.According to foreign medical science man research, in strawberry, contain anticancer component, growth that can inhibition tumor cell.In Europe, strawberry is enjoyed the laudatory title of " fruit queen " for a long time, and is used as children and the elderly's health food.
Strawberry also has higher medicinal and medical value." the strawberry amine " extracting from strawberry, the blood diseases such as treatment leukemia, aplastic anemia have good curative effect.The sweet acid of strawberry taste, cool in nature, nontoxic, can moisten, promotes the production of body fluid, sharp phlegm, invigorating the spleen, relieve the effect of alcohol, enrich blood, change fat, and enterogastritis and cardiovascular disease are had to certain preventive and therapeutic effect.According to records, clothes drink fresh strawberry juice can be controlled abscess of throat, hoarseness disease.Food strawberry, to having indigestion distending pain, have no appetite, malnutrition or weak becoming thin after being ill, be very useful.In Guangzhou, with a kind of wild humid euphorbia strawberry, locals smashs its cauline leaf for dressing treatment sore to pieces and has special efficacy, and deposited snake stings, scalds, burn etc. also proves effective very much.Strawberry juice also has the effect of moistening skin nutrition, with it, makes various senior cosmetic creams, to slowing down skin, occurs that wrinkle has remarkable result.
According to surveying and determination, in every 100 grams of strawberry pulp, sugary 8 to 9 grams, protein are 0.4 to 0.6 gram, and 50 to 100 milligrams of vitamin Cs are higher 7 to 10 times than apple, grape.And its malic acid, citric acid, vitamin B1, cobalamin, and the content of carotin, calcium, phosphorus, iron is also high 3 to 4 times than apple, pears, grape.Taiwanese calls strawberry " vitamin pill of living ", and German is described as strawberry " magical fruit ", is reasonable as seen.The nutrient component of strawberry easily, by human body digestion, absorption, is eaten also more and can not suffered from cold or get angry, and is all-ages healthy food.
South China is preferably in mid or late October and plants, and now temperature is 25～30 ℃, and transplanting stock survives soon, but autumn drought at a time when this should note irrigating, and transplanted seedling can reach more than 90% survival rate substantially like this.In existing cultivated strawberry technology, adopt rectangle field planting, seeding row spacing is 10～15cm * 25cm more, every 666.7 square metres of about field planting 10,000 strains.During strawberry cultivating, should notice that orientation plants, well-grown plant rhizome portion is all bending, should be by crooked convex surface towards furrow one side, and plant like this and can guarantee that strawberry knot, on the side slope on ridge, is convenient to pad fruit and gathers.The depth of planting is also the key that strawberry survives, and should grasp " deeply not burying the heart, shallow not crab rooting ", plants dark, and the seedling heart is buried by soil, easily causes scutellum rot; Planted shallow, shoot root exposes, and is difficult for producing new root, and seedling easily thirst.After planting, water once permeable at once.
The common damage by disease and insect of strawberry cultivating has (1) gray mold: it is a kind of fungal disease occurring on leaf, flower, carpopodium and fruit.(2) powdery mildew: cause harm blade and fruit, Fruit stops, painted variation.This disease continuously wet weather, overirrigation, plant is too in great numbers and overdrying condition under whole vegetative period constantly occur.(3) black points: the fruit of mainly causing harm, softening rotting, in Storage of Strawberry transportation, performance is more very.(4) two spotted spider mite: mainly suck From Strawberry Leaves juice, leaf rolling yellow when serious, plant atrophy, has a strong impact on output.(5) aphid: common cotten aphid, parasitizes strawberry complete stool, and take leaf, flower, lobus cardiacus as many.(6) cutworm and snail, belong to omnivorousness, and cause harm blade and fruit, eat sky by fruit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of scale, be easy to the breeding method of the nuisanceless strawberry of standardized administration, concrete steps are as follows:
1) soil disinfection: in 6～July, adopt calcium cyanamide to be applied in soil and to carry out soil disinfection by the mode of evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, after plowed soils, soil is carried out to plastic sheeting for farm use sealing covering and make soil moisture remain on 65～75%, cover 20～40 days;
2) soil basal dressing: transplant first 10～15 days basal dressings, every mu applies nitrogen 3.9～4.9Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1～1.5Kg by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields in soil, potassium oxide 2～3Kg, calcium oxide 3.1Kg, boron 30～60g, executed base manure after manual sorting soil establish furrow;
3) soil spray cultivation: transplant first 3～7 days, employing is executed the liquid of adding water configuration in field soil is sprayed to cut weeds;
4) field planting: every furrow kind two row, line-spacing 24～26cm, spacing in the rows 23～30cm, every mu of field planting 5000～5500 strain seedling;
5) normal root water: adopt micro-benefit energy and the rich sharp liquid that adds water configuration to water after transplanting and execute;
6) slow seedling: transplant latter 9～11 days, adopt ground hose drip irrigation to keep soil moisture 60～70% in conjunction with the mode of artificial teeming, delay seedling;
7) the front management of lid mulch film: slow seedling finishes rear control water, and soil moisture remains on 50～60%; Mid or late October topdresses, and by watering the mode of executing, applies nitrogen 1～1.5Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.5～0.75Kg, potassium oxide 1～1.5Kg in every mu of soil; The first young leaves phase adopts hundred Thailands, greenly protects, micro-ly mend the liquid that fruit power, Acetamiprid adds water configuration and spray; 2～3 young leaves phases, the liquid that adopts hundred Thailands, Pa Lite, the strong power of micro-benefit to add water preparation is sprayed;
8) laying plastic: mid-November laying plastic, before laying plastic, execute Hua Qianfei, by the mode of broadcasting sowing, in every mu of soil, apply nitrogen 1～1.5Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.5～0.75Kg, potassium oxide 1～1.5Kg; Lay black mulch film, and make plant leaf stretch out mulch film; 3～4 young leaves phases, the liquid that adopts Kai Run, micro-applique power, Acetamiprid to add water configuration is sprayed;
9) button canopy: November early and middle ten days, when nocturnal temperature is down to 8～10 ℃, sets up booth and detain canopy insulation;
10) after button canopy, manage:
A. cultivation condition in booth: in booth, day temperature remains on 28～30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on more than 10 ℃; After poppyhead wadding is bloomed, control day temperature in booth and remain on 20～25 ℃, nocturnal temperature remains on more than 5 ℃; In booth, relative air humidity is 50～60%;
B. medication: second young leaves while growing after button canopy, the liquid that adopt that Amici reaches, micro-applique power, Pa Lite, Acetamiprid adds water preparation is sprayed; After aobvious flower bud, adopt Amici to reach, micro-ly mend the liquid that fruit power, the strong power of micro-benefit adds water preparation and spray; Before blooming, adopt Kai Ze, micro-benefit fruit power, micro-benefit boron power to add water preparating liquid and spray; The liquid that young fruit period adopts Shi Jiale, micro-benefit Gai Li, the strong power of micro-benefit to add water preparation is sprayed;
C. put honeybee in a suitable place to breed: before blooming 5～7 days, honeybee is moved in booth;
D. fertilising: full-bloom stage to young fruit period is adopted, every mu of fertilizer liquid that adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 2.5～3.5kg, micro-benefit energy 0.8～1.2kg to add water preparation is irrigated; The every mu of plain flowers and fruits fertilizer of the excellent acute hearing of employing 2～3kg of swollen fruit phase, micro-benefit energy 1kg adds the solution of water preparation and irrigates, and imposes once every 18～22 days, and the swollen fruit phase applies fertilizer 5～6 times altogether;
11) gather: after strawberry is gathered, every mu of fertilizer liquid that adopts the general fertile 2～3kg of excellent clever element to add water configuration carries out drip irrigation.
Preferably, soil disinfection is every mu of calcium cyanamide of 17% that adopts 50kg described in step 1), by the mode of evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, is applied to and in soil, is carried out soil disinfection.Described 17% calcium cyanamide is its active ingredient (CaCN in calcium cyanamide
2) quality account for 17% of total calcium cyanamide quality.Other drug of the present invention or fertilizer, its percentage all represents the quality percentage composition of active principle.
In step 1), relative moisture of the soil remains on 65～75%; Preferably 70% left and right, if soil is more dry, first sprays water with irrigate band before epiphragma, and the film cover time is about 1 month.
Preferably, step 2) being applied for of described base manure adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg, rich happiness calcium ammonium nitrate (15% nitrogen, 25% calcium oxide) 12～13kg, after platform agriculture board fertilizer 48～52kg and 15% holds power boron 200 ~ 400g and mixes, by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields, execute in soil.
By organosilicon composite fertilizer 10 ~ 15kg, rich happiness calcium ammonium nitrate (15% nitrogen, 25% calcium oxide) 12～13kg, platform agriculture board fertilizer 48～52kg and 15% holds power boron 200 ~ 400g can apply nitrogen 3.9～4.9Kg in soil, phosphorus pentoxide 1～1.5Kg, potassium oxide 2～3Kg, calcium oxide 3.1Kg, boron 30～60g.
Step 2) after soil basal dressing, with ditching machine, ditch, furrow are done in manual sorting.
Preferably, furrow are high 28～32 centimetres, and furrow are wide 55～65 centimetres, and furrow face becomes turtleback shape, 32～38 centimetres of the furrow widths between every furrow, limit furrow kind single file.
More excellent, furrow are high 30 centimetres, and furrow are wide 60 centimetres, and furrow face becomes turtleback shape, 35 centimetres of furrow widths.
Preferably, in step 3), 42～46 kilograms of every mu of liquids that adopts 33% of 100 ~ 150ml to execute to add water configuration in field spray.
Preferably, field planting adopts triangle field planting described in step 4), and the back of a bow is towards ditch.
Described triangle field planting refers to when Strawberry seedlings is transplanted, and seedling plantation, on three summits of isosceles triangle, is adopted to the method for adjacent two line misregistration field planting.The described back of a bow towards ditch be the new stem direction of the Strawberry Seedlings back of a bow towards ditch, inflorescence stretches out from hunchbacked direction conventionally, can be so that gather.
Transplanting stock is selected: requiring has 4～6, normal expansion leaf, well developed root system, and new root is many, and leaf look normal, and petiole is short, disease-free, without serious pityriasis simplex, thick 0.6～1 centimetre of rhizome.Transplanting stock is processed: cut off disease Lao Ye, long, dead root.
Preferably, before field planting, seedling adopts the liquid of 2000 times of liquid preparations of 25% triumphant profit to soak root 1～2 minute.2000 times of liquid of described 25% triumphant profit are about to the liquid of 2000 times of acquisitions of 25% triumphant profit thin up.
Preferably, in step 5), the normal root water that adopts 1000 times of liquid of micro-benefit energy, 18.1% rich sharp 3000 times of liquid to add water preparation waters to be executed, and 150～200 milliliters of normal root water are watered in every strain.Normal root water liquid of the present invention adopts micro-benefit energy and 18.1% rich sharp being configured; In normal root water liquid, micro-benefit energy is by 1000 times of water dilutions, and 18.1% is rich sharp by 3000 times of water dilutions.
The seedling-slowing stage of step 6), as transplanted at high temperature arid weather at strong sunshine, needs to cover sunshade net protection, finds that floating seedling or silt seedling will timely replantings.
Preferably, described in step 7), topdress and execute for every mu of fertilizer liquid 1500～2000kg that adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 5～7.5kg to add water configuration waters.By watering the every mu of employing organosilicon composite fertilizer of method executing, in soil, apply 1～1.5 kilogram, nitrogen, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 1～1.5 kilogram of potassium oxide.
After topdressing, extract in time the axillalry bud of Lao Ye, dead leaf, sick leaf and new pumping.
Preferably, the step 7) first young leaves phase adopts 60,%00 safe 1500 times of liquid, and 0.136% greenly protects 15000 times of liquid, and micro-benefit fruit 600 times of liquid of power and 600 times of liquid of 3% Acetamiprid add the liquid of water configuration sprays, every mu of spraying liquid 15kg; 2～3 young leaves phases, adopt 60,%00 safe 750 times of liquid, 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, and the strong 700 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the liquid of water preparation sprays, every mu of spraying liquid 14～16kg.
Preferably, described in step 8), spending front fertilizer is that every mu of fertilizer liquid 1500～2000kg that adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 5～7.5kg to add water configuration waters and executes.By watering the every mu of employing organosilicon composite fertilizer of method executing, in soil, apply 1～1.5 kilogram, nitrogen, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 1～1.5 kilogram of potassium oxide.
Preferably, 3～4 young leaves phases of step 8) adopt 2000 times of liquid of 25% triumphant profit, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, and 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 14～16kg.
Preferably, step 10) is: in booth, day temperature remains on 28～30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on 10～20 ℃; After poppyhead wadding is bloomed, control day temperature in booth and remain on 20～25 ℃, nocturnal temperature remains on 5～20 ℃; In booth, relative air humidity is 50～60%
Preferably, when second young leaves grows after step 10) button canopy, adopt 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 24～26kg.
After aobvious flower bud, adopt 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the medicament of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 24～26kg.
Before blooming, adopt 50% triumphant damp 1250 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, 2000 times of liquid of micro-benefit boron power add the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 18～20kg.
Young fruit period, adopts 50% to execute 1000 times of liquid of good pleasure, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit lid power, and the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 18～20kg.
Before blooming 5～7 days, honeybee is moved in booth, every canopy one case of honeybee, one of quantity approximately one strain strawberry, beehive is 12～16cm overhead.
Preferably, full-bloom stage is to young fruit period, and every mu adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 2.5～3.5kg, micro-benefit energy 0.8～1.2kg to add water to be mixed with 1500～2000kg solution and to irrigate.More excellent, every mu adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 3kg, micro-benefit energy 1kg to add water to be mixed with 1500～2000kg solution and to irrigate.
Fertilising is carried out in conjunction with pouring water, and rich water infiltrates in soil by dropper, and the concentration of fertilizer is controlled in 0.4%, avoids overrich and hinders root.
The swollen fruit phase, every mu adopts the plain flowers and fruits fertilizer of excellent acute hearing 2～3kg, micro-benefit energy 1kg to add water to be mixed with 1500～2000kg solution and to irrigate; Every 18～22 days, impose once, the swollen fruit phase applies fertilizer 5～6 times altogether.
Preferably, after step 11) strawberry is gathered, every mu adopts the general fertile 2～3kg of excellent clever element to add water to be configured to 1500～2000kg fertilizer liquid and to carry out drip irrigation.Gather and gather when strawberry ninety percent is ripe.
The invention also discloses aforementioned nuisanceless strawberry breeding method in the application in cultivated strawberry field.
The beneficial effect of strawberry cultural method of the present invention is: beneficial effect that please supplementary copy inventive method cultivates according to this programme that to educate strawberry large, hardness is good, fragrant and sweet, compare with the strawberry of Common Cultivation management, the strawberry single fruit weight that this programme is cultivated improves 3～5%, pol improves 0.5～1 degree, long 4～7 days of storage period.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that embodiment is only for the present invention is described, but not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
One, the cultivation of strawberry
1. cultivate place: Taizhou of Zhejiang
2. cultivation method
1) soil disinfection: generally at high temperature season in 6～July, carry out soil treatment, adopt 17% calcium cyanamide to execute in soil by the mode of evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, every mu of use 17% calcium cyanamide 50kg, then turn over, then cover old plastic sheeting for farm use and seal, relative moisture of the soil remains on 70% left and right, if soil is more dry, before epiphragma, first with irrigate band, spray water.The film cover time rested in about 1 month.
2) basal dressing is done furrow wholely: transplant first 10～15 days, adopt organosilicon composite fertilizer (organosilicon composite fertilizer 20-10-20, purchased from Silicon Valley, Hebei Fei Ye Co., Ltd) 10～15kg, rich happiness calcium ammonium nitrate (15% nitrogen, 25% calcium oxide) 12.5kg, platform agriculture board fertilizer (having company of fertilizer Co., Ltd purchased from Shandong Quan Linjia) 50kg, 15% holds power boron 200～400g mix after, by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields, execute in soil, in soil, apply nitrogen 3.9～4.9kg, 1～1.5 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 2～3 kilograms of potassium oxides, 3.1 kilograms, calcium oxide, 30～60 grams of boron.Then with ditching machine, ditch, furrow are done in manual sorting, and furrow are high 30 centimetres, and furrow are wide 60 centimetres, and furrow face becomes turtleback shape, 35 centimetres of furrow widths, and furrow connect 95 centimetres, ditch, and limit furrow kind single file connects 60 centimetres, ditch.
3) spray cultivation: transplant first 3～7 days, when soil is wet, adopt 33% to execute field and mend 100～150ml/ mu, before evenly spraying furrow face and bottom of trench and carrying out bud, envelope is cut weeds, 45 kilograms of liquids for mu.
4) in good time field planting: Taizhou plain generally in late September field planting be advisable, field planting is too early, meets high temperature and drought, survival rate is low, field planting is excessively slow, affects side flower bud differentiation, specifically sees the quality of seedling and weather and determines, and robs as far as possible cloudy field planting.
Plantation density: every furrow kind two row, 25 centimetres of line-spacings, 23～30 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is planted 5000～5500 strains.Field planting method: adopt triangle field planting, hunchbacked towards ditch, planting depth: " deeply do not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting." transplanting stock selects: requiring has 4～6, normal expansion leaf, well developed root system, new root is many, and leaf look normal, and petiole is short, disease-free, without serious pityriasis simplex, thick 0.6～1 centimetre of rhizome.Transplanting stock is processed: cut off disease Lao Ye, long, dead root.Adopt the liquid of 2000 times of liquid preparations of 25% triumphant profit to soak root 1～2 minute.
5) water normal root water: transplant, Yi Bian adopt 1000 times of liquid of micro-benefit energy, the liquid of 3000 times of liquid preparations of 18.1% rich sharp missible oil (purchased from U.S. Fu Meishi company) waters normal root water, and 150～200 milliliters of liquids are watered in every strain on one side.
6) seedling-slowing stage management: transplant in the seedling-slowing stage after 10 days, ground is the way continuous water spray moisturizing in conjunction with artificial teeming by soft drip irrigation.Run into high temperature arid weather at strong sunshine and transplant, the protection of lid sunshade net.Find that floating seedling or silt seedling will timely replantings.
7) management before lid mulch film:
Fertilizing, watering: will suitably control water after slow seedling, keep soil not dry.
Topdress for the first time about late October, adopt organosilicon composite fertilizer (20-10-20) to water Shi，Mu Yong organosilicon composite fertilizer 5～7.5kg, water consumption is 1500～2000kg, apply 1～1.5 kilogram, nitrogen, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 1～1.5 kilogram of potassium oxide.
Priming leaf bud picking: the axillalry bud of extracing in time Lao Ye, dead leaf, sick leaf and new pumping.
The first young leaves phase adopts 60,%00 safe 1500 times of liquid, and 0.136% greenly protects 15000 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, and 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water configuration sprays, every mu of about 15kg of spraying liquid.
2～3 young leaves phases, adopt 60,%00 safe 750 times of liquid, 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, and the strong 700 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the medicament of water preparation sprays, every mu of about 15kg of spraying liquid.
8) lay unregistered land film:
Generally in mid-November, cover unregistered land film, before laying plastic, at the furrow back of the body, adopt organosilicon composite fertilizer (20-10-20) 5～7.5kg to spread fertilizer over the fields Hua Qianfei in the ranks, apply 1～1.5 kilogram, nitrogen, 0.5～0.75 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 1～1.5 kilogram of potassium oxide.Then laying plastic, draws out after plant leaf, with soil block, mulch film bore edges is compressed and makes its ground proximity.
3～4 young leaves phases adopt 2000 times of 25% triumphant profits, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, and 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with the about 15kg of liquid.
9) detain in time canopy: when the very night, temperature drop to 8～10 were spent, start to cover horticultural covering film, detain canopy insulation.
10) after button canopy, manage:
Humiture control: after booth epiphragma, for increasing accumulated temperature Accelerate bloom, day temperature keeps 30 degree left and right, more than keeping 10 degree night.After poppyhead order is bloomed, in the Fruit maturing stage, keep 20～25 degree daytime, more than spending nights 5.Humidity is very large on bloom Pollination Fertilization impact of strawberry, humidity is high, and pollen germination rate is low, tends to increase fruitlet rate and deformity fruit, so, after strawberry blooms, to suitably control water, keep soil not dry, also should pay attention to the wet down of taking a breath, even in cold winter, also in the time of will utilizing noon temperature higher, pressed two gusset skirts and ventilated, reduced humidity in canopy, made relative moisture in canopy remain on 50～60% as far as possible.
Pre-preventing disease and pest:
1) after button canopy, second young leaves grows, and adopts 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, and 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with the about 25kg of liquid.This time laxative should carry out for 12～15 days before putting honeybee.
2) after aobvious flower bud, adopt 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the medicament of water preparation sprays, and every mu with the about 25kg of liquid.
3), before blooming, adopt 1250 times of liquid of 50% Kai Ze (purchased from German BASF Co., Ltd), 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, 2000 times of liquid of micro-benefit boron power add water preparating liquid sprays, and every mu with the about 20kg of liquid.
4) young fruit period, adopts 50% to execute 1000 times of liquid of good pleasure, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit lid power, and the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with the about 20kg of liquid.
Priming leaf, stolon: extract bottom Lao Ye, sick leaf, Huang Ye, stolon, except main bud, retain 2～3 lateral buds, all the other are all extractd
Put honeybee in a suitable place to breed: before blooming 5～7 days, honeybee is moved in booth, honeybee select in honeybee for well, every canopy one case of honeybee, one of quantity approximately one strain strawberry, beehive is 15 centimeters of left and right overhead, beehive mouth is towards south.
Dredge flower bud flower thinning: dredge and go 4～5 grades of buds, poppyhead order to stay 6～7 of fruits.
Fertilizing, watering:
Full-bloom stage is to young fruit period, and every mu adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 3kg, micro-benefit energy 1kg to be mixed with 1500kg solution and to apply fertilizer.
The swollen fruit phase, every mu adopts the plain flowers and fruits of excellent acute hearing fertile (purchased from the Escombe star four seasons (Qingdao) crop alimentary Co., Ltd)) the solution 2000kg of 2.5kg, micro-benefit energy 1kg preparation irrigates; Every about 20 days, impose once later, according to the growing way of plant, select properly mixed highly enriched instant punching fertilising.The swollen fruit phase applies fertilizer 6 times altogether.
Topdress and carry out in conjunction with pouring water, rich water infiltrates in soil by dropper, and the concentration of fertilizer is controlled in 0.4%, must guard against overrich and hinders root, 1500～2000 kilograms of mu irrigation quantities.
11) gather in time: when strawberry 9 is ripe, gather, after every batch of strawberry is gathered, adopting the fertilizer liquid 2000kg that the plain general fertilizer of the excellent acute hearing of rear use (the Escombe star four seasons (Qingdao) crop alimentary Co., Ltd) 2.5kg/ mu adds water configuration and carry out drip irrigation, is next group strawberry result accumulation nutrition.
Two, cultivation result
The strawberry of the present embodiment method cultivation can fruit picking 3 batches, 1500 kilograms of per mu yields, and fruit is large and hard, storage tolerance, color and luster is scarlet brightness, and mouthfeel is fragrant and sweet.50 grams of the highest single fruit weights, 30～45 grams of mean fruit weights, strawberry pol 12～15%(saccharimeter), 13～15 days storage periods.
Claims (10)
1. a breeding method for nuisanceless strawberry, concrete steps are as follows:
1) soil disinfection: in 6～July, adopt calcium cyanamide to be applied in soil and to carry out soil disinfection by the mode of evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, after plowed soils, soil is carried out to plastic sheeting for farm use sealing covering and make soil moisture remain on 65～75%, cover 20～40 days;
2) soil basal dressing: transplant first 10～15 days basal dressings, every mu applies nitrogen 3.9～4.9Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1～1.5Kg by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields in soil, potassium oxide 2～3Kg, calcium oxide 3.1Kg, boron 30～60g, executed base manure after manual sorting soil establish furrow;
3) soil spray cultivation: transplant first 3～7 days, employing is executed the liquid of adding water configuration in field soil is sprayed to cut weeds;
4) field planting: every furrow kind two row, line-spacing 24～26cm, spacing in the rows 23～30cm, every mu of field planting 5000～5500 strain seedling;
5) normal root water: adopt micro-benefit energy and the rich sharp liquid that adds water configuration to water after transplanting and execute;
6) slow seedling: transplant latter 9～11 days, adopt ground hose drip irrigation to keep soil moisture 60～70% in conjunction with the mode of artificial teeming, delay seedling;
7) the front management of lid mulch film: slow seedling finishes rear control water, and soil moisture remains on 50～60%; Mid or late October topdresses, and by watering the mode of executing, applies nitrogen 1～1.5Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.5～0.75Kg, potassium oxide 1～1.5Kg in every mu of soil; The first young leaves phase adopts hundred Thailands, greenly protects, micro-ly mend the liquid that fruit power, Acetamiprid adds water configuration and spray; 2～3 young leaves phases, the liquid that adopts hundred Thailands, Pa Lite, the strong power of micro-benefit to add water preparation is sprayed;
8) laying plastic: mid-November laying plastic, before laying plastic, execute Hua Qianfei, by the mode of broadcasting sowing, in every mu of soil, apply nitrogen 1～1.5Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.5～0.75Kg, potassium oxide 1～1.5Kg; Lay black mulch film, and make plant leaf stretch out mulch film; 3～4 young leaves phases, the liquid that adopts Kai Run, micro-applique power, Acetamiprid to add water configuration is sprayed;
9) button canopy: November early and middle ten days, when nocturnal temperature is down to 8～10 ℃, sets up booth and detain canopy insulation;
10) after button canopy, manage:
A. cultivation condition in booth: in booth, day temperature remains on 28～30 ℃, and nocturnal temperature remains on more than 10 ℃; After poppyhead wadding is bloomed, control day temperature in booth and remain on 20～25 ℃, nocturnal temperature remains on more than 5 ℃; In booth, relative air humidity is 50～60%;
B. medication: second young leaves while growing after button canopy, the liquid that adopt that Amici reaches, micro-applique power, Pa Lite, Acetamiprid adds water preparation is sprayed; After aobvious flower bud, adopt Amici to reach, micro-ly mend the liquid that fruit power, the strong power of micro-benefit adds water preparation and spray; Before blooming, adopt Kai Ze, micro-benefit fruit power, micro-benefit boron power to add water preparating liquid and spray; The liquid that young fruit period adopts Shi Jiale, micro-benefit Gai Li, the strong power of micro-benefit to add water preparation is sprayed;
C. put honeybee in a suitable place to breed: before blooming 5～7 days, honeybee is moved in booth;
D. fertilising: full-bloom stage is to young fruit period, and every mu of fertilizer liquid that adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 2.5～3.5kg, micro-benefit energy 0.8～1.2kg to add water preparation is irrigated; The every mu of plain flowers and fruits fertilizer of the excellent acute hearing of employing 2～3kg of swollen fruit phase, micro-benefit energy 1kg adds the solution of water preparation and irrigates, and imposes once every 18～22 days, and the swollen fruit phase applies fertilizer 5～6 times altogether;
11) gather: after strawberry is gathered, every mu of fertilizer liquid that adopts the general fertile 2～3kg of excellent clever element to add water configuration carries out drip irrigation.
2. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, soil disinfection is every mu of calcium cyanamide of 17% that adopts 50kg described in step 1), by the mode of evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, is applied to and in soil, is carried out soil disinfection.
3. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 2) being applied for of described base manure adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 10～15kg, rich happiness calcium ammonium nitrate 12～13kg, after platform agriculture board fertilizer 48～52kg and 15% holds power boron 200～400g and mixes, by the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields, execute in soil.
4. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3), 42～46 kilograms of every mu of liquids that adopts 33% of 100～150ml to execute to add water configuration in field spray.
5. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5), the normal root water that adopts 1000 times of liquid of micro-benefit energy, 18.1% rich sharp 3000 times of liquid to add water preparation waters to be executed, and 150～200ml normal root water is watered in every strain.
6. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, topdresses described in step 7) and executes for every mu of fertilizer liquid 1500～2000kg that adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 5～7.5kg to add water configuration waters; The first young leaves phase adopts 60,%00 safe 1500 times of liquid, and 0.136% greenly protects 15000 times of liquid, and micro-benefit fruit 600 times of liquid of power and 600 times of liquid of 3% Acetamiprid add the liquid of water configuration sprays, every mu of spraying liquid 15kg; 2～3 young leaves phases, adopt 60,%00 safe 750 times of liquid, 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, and the strong 700 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the liquid of water preparation sprays, every mu of spraying liquid 14～16kg.
7. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, spending front fertilizer described in step 8) is that every mu of fertilizer liquid 1500～2000kg that adopts organosilicon composite fertilizer 5～7.5kg to add water configuration waters and executes; 3～4 young leaves phases adopt 2000 times of liquid of 25% triumphant profit, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, and 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 14～16kg.
8. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when after step 10) button canopy, second young leaves grows, adopt 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 700 times of liquid of micro-applique power, 25% 1500 times of handkerchief Z-TEKs liquid, 3% 600 times of Acetamiprids liquid adds the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 24～26kg; After aobvious flower bud, adopt 25% Amici to reach 1500 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the medicament of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 24～26kg; Before blooming, adopt 50% triumphant damp 1250 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit fruit power, 2000 times of liquid of micro-benefit boron power add the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 18～20kg; Young fruit period, adopts 50% to execute 1000 times of liquid of good pleasure, 600 times of liquid of micro-benefit lid power, and the strong 1000 times of liquid of power of micro-benefit add the liquid of water preparation sprays, and every mu with liquid 18～20kg; Full-bloom stage is to young fruit period, and every mu adopts micro-benefit root power calcium 2.5～3.5kg, micro-benefit energy 0.8～1.2kg to add water to be mixed with 1500～2000kg solution and to irrigate; The swollen fruit phase, every mu adopts the plain flowers and fruits fertilizer of excellent acute hearing 2～3kg, micro-benefit energy 1kg to add water to be mixed with 1500～2000kg solution and to irrigate.
9. the breeding method of nuisanceless strawberry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after step 11) strawberry is gathered, every mu adopts the general fertile 2～3kg of excellent clever element to add water to be configured to 1500～2000kg fertilizer liquid and to carry out drip irrigation.
Described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-9 nuisanceless strawberry breeding method in the application in cultivated strawberry field.
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| CN103385104A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-13 | 太仓市临江农场专业合作社 | Ornamental strawberry growing method |
| CN103355088A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-23 | 韦中定 | Strawberry cultivation method |
| CN103733758A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-23 | 林雪桃 | Strawberry planting method |
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| CN106717945A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-31 | 阜阳市殿兴农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield strawberry |
| CN107047019A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 陈育财 | A kind of introduction and cultivation method of New Strawberry Variety |
| CN107580992A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-16 | 界首市四季旺家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods for improving yield of strawberry |
| CN107484529B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-02-12 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Facility strawberry multi-year one-planting method |
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