CN105746154A - Water and fertilizer integrated planting method of greenhouse strawberries - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated planting method of greenhouse strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746154A CN105746154A CN201610157650.6A CN201610157650A CN105746154A CN 105746154 A CN105746154 A CN 105746154A CN 201610157650 A CN201610157650 A CN 201610157650A CN 105746154 A CN105746154 A CN 105746154A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated planting method of greenhouse strawberries. The water and fertilizer integrated planting method comprises the following steps: field planting, plastic film covering, greenhouse-period management, water and fertilizer management, disease and pest prevention and control and harvesting. The greenhouse strawberries planted by adopting the method are simultaneously irrigated and fertilized by means of a drip irrigation and fertilization system on the premise of applying organic fertilizers and humic acid compound fertilizers, so that the demands of crops on moisture and nutrients are timely and appropriately satisfied, the efficient water and fertilizer utilization is realized, and the yield of the strawberries is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of greenhouse strawberry, particularly relate to a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods.
Background technology
In greenhouse strawberry is cultivated, fertilizing method is particularly important.Traditional fertilization mode often only focuses on fertilizer and humic acid combined fertilizer, or only supplement the nutritional labelings such as N P and K in soil, and it is separately performed with irrigation to apply fertilizer, fertilizer is not easy by the root absorption of plant, the fertilization mode later stage easily causes de-fertilizer, and the yield that fertile amount deficiency causes the later stage to be gathered significantly reduces.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency that prior art exists, the purpose of the present invention is that and provides a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, improves the yield of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is such that a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the steps:
(1) field planting: first select booth, and install fertigation system, more whole, basal dressing, ridging, and to producing Seedling field planting；
(2) covering with ground sheeting: first select mulch film, then carries out overlay film；
(3) canopy period management: select the button canopy time, carry out the work of temperature and humidity management, plant management, HORMONE TREATMENT, supple-mentary pollination；
(4) water and fertilizer management: pour water, topdress；
(5) insect pest preventing and controlling；
(6) gather.
As a kind of preferred version, described fertigation system includes water source, head pivot, water distributing network, and described water source includes subsoil water, Ku Shui, river；Described head pivot includes water pump, filter, fertilizer applicator, control equipment and instrument；Described water distributing network includes main, arm and drip irrigation zone.
As a kind of preferred version, the fertilizer of described fertigation system selects fertigation dedicated fertilizer or common fertilizer, described fertigation dedicated fertilizer be Shi Meite, Henan Shang Shi water soluble fertilizer, cloud river Le Shite one or more, described common fertilizer be carbamide, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, MAP, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate one or more.
As a kind of preferred version, described fertigation system uses scour without sediment motion pipeline before using, and continues to irrigate with clear water after fertilising.
As a kind of preferred version, the booth selected in described step (1) is width 6 ~ 8m, length 40 ~ 60m, thin-wall galvanized steel pipe booth；To every ridge duplicate rows when producing Seedling field planting, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm～18cm, every 667 plant 9500～11000 strains.
As a kind of preferred version, in described step (2), the black mulch film that 0.03mm ~ 0.05mm is thick selected by mulch film, is first removed by ground weeds clean, flatten furrow face, remove Lao Ye before overlay film；During overlay film, first surrounding being strained and fixed, in mulch film upper shed, pulled out from opening part by seedling, close proximity to ground wanted by mulch film, and during overlay film mean daily temperature lower than 20 DEG C.
As a kind of preferred version, selecting the button canopy time to carry out button greenhouse film in described step (3), this greenhouse film selects polyethylene dripless thin membrane, when the extraneous lowest temperature is at 5 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C, it is necessary to buckles two road films and strengthens insulation；Carry out temperature and humidity management work: temperature should control at 5 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C；Carry out plant management work: during Strawberry Growth, extract sick leaf, Lao Ye, new pumping stolon, invalid alabastrum in time, keep effective blade 4-6 leaf, after gathering, extract residual spray, sick leaf, Lao Ye in time, to promote the growth promoter of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae regrowth hair fruit；Carry out HORMONE TREATMENT work, poppyhead sequence budding 30% time and the side inflorescence pumping phase, with gibberellins 5～8mg/L, every strain 5mL, totally 1～2 time, and keep higher temperature, to promote that plant strain growth and inflorescence elongate；Carrying out supple-mentary pollination work: spend the last week and put into Apis in booth, bee numbers is identical with the strain number of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, and during spraying pesticide, beehive needs to take out.
As a kind of preferred version, work of pouring water in described step (4): water permeable during field planting, after field planting, in 1 week, every day pours water once till rice shoot survives；Fructus Fragariae Ananssae field planting survive after to buddingging, pour water weekly 1 ~ 2 time, each 667 water consumption 6 ~ 8m3；Post flowering of buddingging is poured water in conjunction with fertilising so that soil relative temperature is maintained at 50% ~ 60%.
As a kind of preferred version, in described step (4) on the basis using sufficient base manure, Post flowering proportion of utilization formula fertilizer applicator of buddingging starts to topdress, and filled every 10～15 days and executes once, each water consumption 3.5～4.5m3.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention: greenhouse strawberry is under the premise of application of organic fertilizers and humic acid combined fertilizer, by fertigation system, irrigate and carry out with fertilising simultaneously, timely and appropriate discovery meet the crop demand to moisture and nutrient, realize liquid manure efficiently to utilize, further increase the yield of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of fertigation system in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.Following example are only for clearly illustrating technical scheme, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the steps:
(1) field planting: first select booth, and install fertigation system, more whole, basal dressing, ridging, and to producing Seedling field planting；
(2) covering with ground sheeting: first select mulch film, then carries out overlay film；
(3) canopy period management: select the button canopy time, carry out the work of temperature and humidity management, plant management, HORMONE TREATMENT, supple-mentary pollination；
(4) water and fertilizer management: pour water, topdress；
(5) insect pest preventing and controlling；
(6) gather.
As it is shown in figure 1, the preferred described fertigation system of the present invention includes water source, head pivot, water distributing network, described water source includes subsoil water, Ku Shui, river；Described head pivot includes water pump, filter, fertilizer applicator, control equipment and instrument；Described water distributing network includes main, arm and drip irrigation zone.During enforcement, utilize fertigation system that pressure water conveying is assigned to field, by drip irrigation zone with soil near the moistening crop root of small flow.
Wherein, described water pump selects suitable water pump kind and suitable power according to water source situation and irrigated area, output is needed to the water source regulated and stored or silt content is bigger, often to build cistern；Described filter adopts laminated filter, and to use the laminated filter of more than 125um precision to be advisable, size should match with water distributing network；Described fertilizer applicator can select pressure differential tank, Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, proportion expression fertilizer applicator or other pumping to receive fertilizer applicator according to actual conditions, general selection proportion expression fertilizer applicator, the fertilizer mother solution hold-up tank of fertilizer applicator should select the hold-up tank that the corrosion resistances such as plastics are strong, selects appropriately sized container according to the area of fertigation etc.；Described control equipment and instrument include valve, flow and pressure regulator, flow meter or water meter, Pressure gauge, relief valve, air inlet and exhaust valve etc..
Wherein, described arm and drip irrigation zone are arranged in booth, (PVC U) hard tube that arm adopts diameter to be 35mm～45mm, arm is arranged at the centre position of greenhouse room, the canopy room arm of 6 meters of width reserves 6 two pass-out mouths of a river respectively, reserving 8 two pass-out mouths of a river on canopy room arm 8 meters wide respectively, outlet stays centre position, ridge；Described drip irrigation zone adopts internally-inlaid drip irrigation zone or thin wall irrigation belt, and flow is 1L/h～3L/h, and dripper spacing is 20cm～30cm, and drip irrigation zone is laid between two row Fructus Fragariae Ananssaes.
The fertilizer of the preferred described fertigation system of the present invention selects fertigation dedicated fertilizer or common fertilizer, described fertigation dedicated fertilizer be Shi Meite, Henan Shang Shi water soluble fertilizer, cloud river Le Shite one or more, described common fertilizer be carbamide, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, MAP, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate one or more.During enforcement, using high phosphorous formula florescence, Post flowering uses equilibrated type formula, and fruit expanding period uses high potassium type formula.
The preferred described fertigation system of the present invention uses scour without sediment motion pipeline before using, and continues to irrigate with clear water after fertilising, and irrigation time is 15min.
Described fertigation system cleans fertilizer applicator 1 time in every 30 days, and opens each end plug successively, uses High-Pressure Water to rinse main, branch pipe(tube), and maintains fertilizer applicator by equipment specification requirement；Cleaned filter when the Pressure gauge outlet reading of micro filters is lower than inlet pressure (0.6～1) individual atmospheric pressure, small-sized monomer strainer cleans 1 time for every 30 days.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the steps:
(1) field planting: first select booth, booth is width 6 ~ 8m, length 40 ~ 60m, thin-wall galvanized steel pipe booth, and fertigation system is installed, again wholely, basal dressing, ridging, high-quality decomposed manure material 1500kg executed by every 667 bases, become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100kg, N P and K proportioning is the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg of 15:15:15, plough deeply 20cm, rake north-south ridging, ridge face width 50cm, furrow width 30cm, ridge height 25cm～30cm, the roomy canopy of 6m plays 6 ridges, the roomy canopy of 8m plays 8 ridges, and to producing Seedling field planting, every ridge duplicate rows, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm～18cm, every 667 plant 9500～11000 strains；
(2) covering with ground sheeting: first select mulch film, the black mulch film that 0.03mm ~ 0.05mm is thick selected by mulch film, and mulch film width should cover to ditch, selects the special black mulch film of greenhouse strawberry of door width 65cm, then carries out overlay film；
(3) canopy period management: select the button canopy time, carry out the work of temperature and humidity management, plant management, HORMONE TREATMENT, supple-mentary pollination；
(4) water and fertilizer management: pour water, topdress；
(5) insect pest preventing and controlling；
(6) gather.
The time producing Seedling field planting is by the present invention preferred described step (1) early September ~ the middle ten days, definite value requires not bury the heart, under not crab rooting, without exception outwards, the limit row back of a bow of ridge cultivation is inwards for the new stem back of a bow.
In the preferred described step (2) of the present invention, ground film quality should meet GBl3725 1992 " blow moulded polyethyene type agricultural ground cover film " requirement, is first removed by ground weeds clean, flatten furrow face, remove Lao Ye before overlay film；During overlay film, first surrounding being strained and fixed, in mulch film upper shed, pulled out from opening part by seedling, close proximity to ground wanted by mulch film, and general overlay film when mid or late October mean daily temperature is lower than 20 DEG C during overlay film.
Selecting the button canopy time to carry out button greenhouse film in the preferred described step (3) of the present invention, this greenhouse film selects polyethylene dripless thin membrane, when the extraneous lowest temperature is at 5 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C, it is necessary to buckles two road films and strengthens insulation；Carry out temperature and humidity management work: temperature should control at 5 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C；Carry out plant management work: during Strawberry Growth, extract sick leaf, Lao Ye, new pumping stolon, invalid alabastrum in time, keep effective blade 4-6 leaf, after gathering, extract residual spray, sick leaf, Lao Ye in time, to promote the growth promoter of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae regrowth hair fruit；Carry out HORMONE TREATMENT work, poppyhead sequence budding 30% time and the side inflorescence pumping phase, with gibberellins 5～8mg/L, every strain 5mL, totally 1～2 time, and keep higher temperature, to promote that plant strain growth and inflorescence elongate；Carrying out supple-mentary pollination work: spend the last week and put into Apis in booth, bee numbers is identical with the strain number of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, and during spraying pesticide, beehive needs to take out.
Wherein, the button canopy time is typically in late October or early November carries out；With 25 DEG C for standard in daytime canopy after button canopy, not can exceed that 30 DEG C, should taking off film during such as temperature of shed more than 25 DEG C aeration-cooling, night, outside air temperature was lower than 5 DEG C, should strengthen insulation, after button canopy, must ventilate wet down, though the coldest month in the winter time, when in daytime canopy, maximum temperature is lower than 10 DEG C, can sealed thermal insulating, wet down of suitably ventilating during higher than 10 DEG C.
Pouring water in the preferred described step (4) of the present invention work: water permeable during field planting, after field planting, in 1 week, every day pours water once till rice shoot survives；Fructus Fragariae Ananssae field planting survive after to buddingging, pour water weekly 1 ~ 2 time, each 667 water consumption 6 ~ 8m3；Post flowering of buddingging is poured water in conjunction with fertilising so that soil relative temperature is maintained at 50% ~ 60%.
Wherein watering permeable during field planting, after field planting, in 3 days, every day will fill a water, wants duty to water, in one week till rice shoot survives；Post flowering of buddingging is poured water in conjunction with fertilising, and the principle that winter facility Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is irrigated is on a small quantity repeatedly, should keep the skin wet in time according to the growing way of plant, weather condition.
In the preferred described step (4) of the present invention on the basis using sufficient base manure, Post flowering proportion of utilization formula fertilizer applicator of buddingging starts to topdress, and filled every 10～15 days and executes once, each water consumption 3.5～4.5m3.
Wherein can be selected for drip irrigation special fertilizer material 667 consumption 2kg each, one: Shi Meite fertilizer, florescence, N P and K proportioning was the formula of 10:52:7, and Post flowering N P and K proportioning is the formula of 20:20:20, and fruit expanding period N P and K proportioning is the formula of 13:6:40；Two: Henan Shang Shi water soluble fertilizer, use high phosphorous florescence, Post flowering equilibrated type, fruit expanding period expands general by high potassium type；Three: cloud river Le Shite fertilizer, florescence, N P and K proportioning was the formula of 15:30:15, the formula of Post flowering 20:20:20, the formula of fruit expanding period 15:6:35；First fertilizer preparation is become concentrated solution during fertilising, then water with water after the fertile pump dilution of application percentage formula note, it is also possible to select common fertilizer preparation, be made into aqueous solution, now join and now execute, use 0.4kg carbamide, 1.2kg MAP and 0.6kg potassium sulfate florescence 667；Post flowering 667 uses 0.5kg carbamide, 0.8kg MAP and 0.8kg potassium sulfate；Fruit expanding period 667 uses 0.6kg carbamide, 0.2kg MAP and 1.4kg potassium sulfate.
In step of the present invention (5), Fructus Fragariae Ananssae Major Diseases has: gray mold, powdery mildew, anthrax, virosis etc., Fructus Fragariae Ananssae Major Pests has: aphid, red spider, subterranean pest-insect etc., adhere to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control, with cultural control, physical control, Biological control is main, chemical prevention is auxiliary, select disease-resistant variety, cultivate healthy and strong rice shoot, strengthen cultivation management, the vexed canopy soil disinfection of high temperature, efficent rotation, cleaning rural area, use chemical control disease pest should meet GB4285 major experiment standard and all parts of GB/T8321() pesticide reasonable application, strictly control safety interval of pesticide pollution, main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique is with reference to DB13/T1395 2011 Fructus Fragariae Ananssae main diseases and insect pests Prevention Technique code.
Gathering in time during, meat deliquescing red at three/mono-turns of the interface of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae in step of the present invention (6) in batches, when gathering, handle with care, fruit quality should meet NY5103-2002 standard, and yield reaches 3000kg/667.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also making some improvement and deformation, these improve and deformation also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) field planting: first select booth, and install fertigation system, more whole, basal dressing, ridging, and to producing Seedling field planting；
(2) covering with ground sheeting: first select mulch film, then carries out overlay film；
(3) canopy period management: select the button canopy time, carry out the work of temperature and humidity management, plant management, HORMONE TREATMENT, supple-mentary pollination；
(4) water and fertilizer management: pour water, topdress；
(5) insect pest preventing and controlling；
(6) gather.
2. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fertigation system includes water source, head pivot, water distributing network, and described water source includes subsoil water, Ku Shui, river；Described head pivot includes water pump, filter, fertilizer applicator, control equipment and instrument；Described water distributing network includes main, arm and drip irrigation zone.
3. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the fertilizer of described fertigation system selects fertigation dedicated fertilizer or common fertilizer, described fertigation dedicated fertilizer be Shi Meite, Henan Shang Shi water soluble fertilizer, cloud river Le Shite one or more, described common fertilizer be carbamide, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, MAP, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate one or more.
4. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described fertigation system uses scour without sediment motion pipeline before using, and continues to irrigate with clear water after fertilising.
5. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one in claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterised in that: the booth selected in described step (1) is width 6 ~ 8m, length 40 ~ 60m, thin-wall galvanized steel pipe booth；To every ridge duplicate rows when producing Seedling field planting, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm～18cm, every 667 plant 9500～11000 strains.
6. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one in claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the black mulch film that 0.03mm ~ 0.05mm is thick selected by mulch film, first ground weeds are removed clean before overlay film, flatten furrow face, remove Lao Ye；During overlay film, first surrounding being strained and fixed, in mulch film upper shed, pulled out from opening part by seedling, close proximity to ground wanted by mulch film, and during overlay film mean daily temperature lower than 20 DEG C.
7. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one in claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that: described step (3) selects the button canopy time carry out button greenhouse film, this greenhouse film selects polyethylene dripless thin membrane, when the extraneous lowest temperature is at 5 DEG C ~ 8 DEG C, it is necessary to buckle two road films and strengthen insulation；Carry out temperature and humidity management work: temperature should control at 5 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C；Carry out plant management work: during Strawberry Growth, extract sick leaf, Lao Ye, new pumping stolon, invalid alabastrum in time, keep effective blade 4-6 leaf, after gathering, extract residual spray, sick leaf, Lao Ye in time, to promote the growth promoter of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae regrowth hair fruit；Carry out HORMONE TREATMENT work, poppyhead sequence budding 30% time and the side inflorescence pumping phase, with gibberellins 5～8mg/L, every strain 5mL, totally 1～2 time, and keep higher temperature, to promote that plant strain growth and inflorescence elongate；Carrying out supple-mentary pollination work: spend the last week and put into Apis in booth, bee numbers is identical with the strain number of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, and during spraying pesticide, beehive needs to take out.
8. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one in claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterised in that: work of pouring water in described step (4): water permeable during field planting, after field planting, in 1 week, every day pours water once till rice shoot survives；Fructus Fragariae Ananssae field planting survive after to buddingging, pour water weekly 1 ~ 2 time, each 667 water consumption 6 ~ 8m3；Post flowering of buddingging is poured water in conjunction with fertilising so that soil relative temperature is maintained at 50% ~ 60%.
9. a kind of greenhouse strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to any one in claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterized in that: in described step (4) on the basis using sufficient base manure, Post flowering proportion of utilization formula fertilizer applicator of buddingging starts to topdress, filling every 10～15 days executes once, each water consumption 3.5～4.5m3.
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| CN106613216A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 潜山县思迈农业科技有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for greenhouse peppers |
| CN107047019A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 陈育财 | A kind of introduction and cultivation method of New Strawberry Variety |
| CN107347338A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽紫约农业科技有限公司 | A kind of blueberry water-fertilizer integral method |
| CN107409687A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-12-01 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick |
| CN108873993A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 河南聚合科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligence liquid manure humiture control plant production workshop cloud platform |
| CN113141990A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 山东尚上禾本生态科技有限公司 | Natural farming cultivation method for greenhouse strawberries |
| CN113575339A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所海南甘蔗育种场 | Sugarcane drip irrigation cultivation method and integrated drip irrigation system thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106278479A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 韦中定 | Fructus Fragariae Ananssae dedicated liquid fertilizer and automatic dripping irrigation fertilization system thereof |
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| CN107409687A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-12-01 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick |
| CN107409687B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2020-06-30 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Method for cultivating strawberry seedlings by using waste mushroom sticks |
| CN107347338A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽紫约农业科技有限公司 | A kind of blueberry water-fertilizer integral method |
| CN108873993A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 河南聚合科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligence liquid manure humiture control plant production workshop cloud platform |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |