CN113141990A

CN113141990A - Natural farming cultivation method for greenhouse strawberries

Info

Publication number: CN113141990A
Application number: CN202110446423.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐启聪; 徐启贺; 徐启涛
Original assignee: Shandong Shangheben Ecological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Shangheben Ecological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-25
Filing date: 2021-04-25
Publication date: 2021-07-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-25
Also published as: CN113141990B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a natural farming method for greenhouse strawberries. The method is mainly implemented by matching 6 measures, namely establishing a grassy zone, applying probiotics compost and fermented cake fertilizer, applying probiotics active liquid, transplanting strawberries in a large basin, symbiosis of the grassy zone, covering organic materials, stimulating high temperature in the full bearing period and the like, and optimizes the ground planting scheme of the strawberries by improving the soil fertility and the ecological system in the field, so that the strawberries return to the original natural taste. The problems of building and maintaining of a soil ecosystem, strawberry pest and disease damage countermeasure, strawberry quality improvement and the like in the strawberry cultivation process are mainly solved.

Description

Natural farming cultivation method for greenhouse strawberries

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a natural farming method for greenhouse strawberries.

Background

Strawberry is a popular agricultural product. Due to the high nutrition and good taste, the strawberry food has great demand on strawberries, and contributes to the rapid development of the strawberry industry. However, the cultivation of strawberries under modern agricultural systems is always plagued by fertilizer damage and pesticide residues. The exterior of the strawberry fruit is not protected by a hard shell, and the pulp is tender and juicy, so that the strawberry fruit can be easily used as a target food for farmland pests. In addition, strawberry plants are also susceptible to disease from the field environment. Therefore, in order to ensure the yield of the strawberries, considerable amounts of pesticides and growth regulators are put into production. The problems of eating safety of strawberries are frequently caused. With the increasing awareness of people about food safety, the production of organic strawberries with low fertilizer and low pesticide or without fertilizer and pesticide begins to be gradually concerned and tried by the practitioners of organic agriculture or natural agriculture law. Under a cultivation system of a natural farming method, due to the fact that strong nutrition of chemical fertilizers and protection of pesticides are separated, quality and yield of strawberries are seriously affected and are unstable, and the phenomenon of no production or no harvest occurs. Especially, a plurality of modern strawberry elevated cultivation facilities and nutrient solution cultivation systems appear at present, so that the production of strawberries is practically separated from the land, and the production is an industrial production mode. The strawberries cultivated in the mode lose the original natural taste of the strawberries, and the strawberries are further aggravated to be far away from the nature. Therefore, how to explore an effective natural agricultural strawberry cultivation scheme is particularly important.

The natural agricultural law inherits the basic concept of respecting nature and following the natural law, inherits the oriental agriculture wisdom for thousands of years, and draws the excellent achievements in modern scientific research to fully explore and develop the huge potential of the soil with vitality so as to carry out permanent sustainable agricultural production. For more than half a century, even though chemical fertilizers and pesticides have entered the full age, natural farming laws have been practiced and inherited by people who have sympathetic with the originators' ideas. Nowadays, with the rising demand for food safety, the sense of crisis due to environmental destruction caused by agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers is widely recognized in society, and the role played by natural agricultural law is highly socially evaluated.

The core strategy of natural farming is to cultivate healthy soil (called 'soil cultivation' for short). Improving the content of organic matters in soil, activating mineral elements in soil, improving the biological diversity of agricultural land and activating soil microorganisms, and the thinking ways form the thought content of natural agricultural method soil cultivation. These technical ideas have achieved great results in the cultivation of many crops and vegetables. Therefore, the soil cultivation idea of the natural farming method is applied to the organic production of the strawberries, and the method is a cause with feasibility and economic prospect.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to produce strawberries with excellent quality and stable yield on healthy fertile soil, the inventor provides a natural farming method for greenhouse strawberries. The method is mainly implemented by matching 6 measures of establishing a grass zone, applying probiotic compost and fermented cake fertilizer, applying probiotic active liquid, transplanting strawberries in a large basin, symbiosis of the grass zone, covering organic materials, high-temperature stimulation in the full bearing period and the like, and optimizes the ground planting scheme of the strawberries by improving the soil fertility and the ecological system in the field, so that the strawberries return to the original natural taste. The problems of building and maintaining a soil ecosystem, taking measures against diseases and insect pests of strawberries, improving the quality of the strawberries and the like in the strawberry cultivation process are mainly solved.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

1) establishing a lawn area: leveling a large field, applying completely decomposed or moderately decomposed compost of 1-2kg per square meter, deep ploughing once, and raking the field. And planning a planting zone and a grassy zone in the field. The planting zones and the grass growing zones are arranged alternately. The width of the planting zone is 50cm, and the width of the grass zone is 80 cm. As shown in fig. 1. The green manure is sowed on the planting belt as reference, and the selected seeds can be blue grass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, clover and ryegrass, and are mixed according to equal proportion when being sowed. The total amount of the seeds per mu is 4-5kg, the seeds can be sowed in a drill or broadcast, and the seeds are covered with soil and pressed after being sowed and are frequently watered. The grassland can help maintain the ecological stability of the field and provide sufficient organic matter for the field. The lawn was managed with a small mower. The reserved height during mowing is generally 10cm, and mowing frequency is judged according to growth speed of grass in different seasons. The grass cut every time is laid on the planting belt, so that the planting belt can be moisturized, the soil biological diversity is improved, and the nutrition can be provided for the strawberries after decomposition. When the lawn mower grows vigorously in summer, the fermented cake fertilizer is used for topdressing the lawn mower every month, and the dosage is 50-100 g/square meter.

2) Probiotic compost and fermented cake fertilizer application

When land preparation is carried out, completely decomposed compost (1-2kg per square meter) and fermented cake fertilizer (100g per square meter) are spread in the field to serve as base fertilizer, and then the cultivation belt is properly ploughed and leveled. When the strawberry seedlings are transplanted in a large basin, half of the using amount of the basin soil is decomposed compost. In the growth process of the strawberries, top dressing is carried out by using a fermented cake fertilizer twice a month, and the dosage is 100 g/square meter.

The preparation method of the probiotic compost comprises the following steps:

the raw material of the probiotic compost can be prepared by mixing crushed straws, rice hulls, mushroom dregs, fallen leaves and other carbon-containing materials with rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal, hoof powder and other nitrogen-containing materials, adding a small amount of garden soil, adjusting the humidity to 55-60% by using 100 times diluted EM bacterial liquid, and then stacking for aerobic fermentation. Turning over and adjusting water twice a month, fermenting the straw materials for more than 8 months, fermenting the fallen leaf materials for more than 18 months to obtain a rotten state, and using the fermented fallen leaf materials. The compost formulation used here was rice hulls: rice bran: leaf falling: oil meal: soil (volume ratio) 36:2:5:1: 4.

The EM is Runkangyuan EM stock solution produced by Linyiyiyikang organic agriculture science and technology park, Inc.

The preparation method of the fermented cake fertilizer comprises the following steps:

mixing testa oryzae (or testa Tritici), soybean meal, fish meal, and distiller's grains at a ratio of 6:3:1: 0.5. Pouring 100 times diluted EM bacterial liquid into the material, rubbing the material with hands to make the material uniformly and fully absorb water, mixing for 2-3 times with a tool, adjusting the water content to 35-40%, and holding the material in a conglobation state and being dispersable when touching. Putting into container, sealing and fermenting for more than 1 month to start using.

3) Probiotic active liquid administration

The administration of probiotic active fermentation broth is used mainly in two aspects: the utility model is used on the ground. When land preparation is carried out, after compost is spread, spraying the EM bacterial liquid diluted by 100 times and 500 times once, wherein each square meter is 1 liter, the ground is wet, and then mixing the surface soil. ② spraying on leaf surfaces. During the growth period of the strawberries, the disease resistance and the fruit quality of the strawberries can be improved by spraying the strawberries with 1000-fold diluted EM fermentation liquor for 2-3 times every week.

4) Big pot transplanting of strawberries and symbiosis of grassy belts

In 9-10 months, strawberry seedlings are purchased or automatically propagated, and the strawberry varieties are required to have certain disease resistance and strong seedlings. A flowerpot (FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) having a diameter of about 27cm, a height of about 23cm, a volume of about 7L and a mesh hole at the bottom was prepared. Mixing the compost obtained in the step 2) with clean and pathogen-free garden soil in equal proportion, and filling the mixture into a flowerpot. And transplanting the prepared strawberry seedlings into a flowerpot, and watering thoroughly. And (3) placing the flowerpot with the strawberry seedlings on a cultivation belt which is prepared in advance in a field and is applied with base fertilizer, wherein the interval between pots is 10 cm. The dry and wet changes of the pot soil can be noticed at any time, and the seedling is promoted to grow up by frequent watering. From late autumn to early spring, the greenhouse is closed for management, and the strawberries are ensured to live through the winter safely. In early spring, when the temperature rises, old leaves and withered yellow leaves in the pot are cut off, and fermented cake fertilizer is scattered on two sides of the base part of the flowerpot on the cultivation belt and mixed with surface soil once. After that, the fertilizer is applied for 2 times every month.

After the strawberries turn green in spring, a large number of root systems occur, and root tips penetrate through meshes at the bottom of the flowerpot and prick into greenhouse soil below the flowerpot to absorb nutrients from the root tips. The grass on the grass belt can help the greenhouse to realize ecological stability and provide organic matters, the root system of the grass can also form moderate but not excessive growth competition for the root system of the strawberry, and the stress resistance reaction of the strawberry can be stimulated, so that the fruit quality is improved.

5) Organic material coating

In the whole growth process of the strawberries, the grass cut by the grass growing belt is laid at the side of the flowerpot base on the cultivation belt. If not enough, semi-decomposed straw or wheat straw can be laid on the cultivation belt. When the strawberries are watered every time, the covering materials beside the flower pots are sprayed with water to promote the decomposition of the covering materials. The organic materials such as straws and the like are covered on the cultivation ridges, so that moisture can be preserved for soil, organic matters can be provided, a food source can be provided for soil animals, and the formation of soil aggregates can be promoted. After the first covered straw is gradually decomposed, new straw or cut weeds are added.

6) High temperature stimulation during full bearing period

The crop carries various resistance genes in vivo. Applying appropriate high temperature treatment to strawberries in the full bearing period can stimulate the activity of stress resistance genes of strawberries, including the up-regulated expression of genes related to sugar synthesis and vitamin synthesis, thereby leading to the increase of the synthesis of sugar, vitamins and other functional substances, and finally improving the quality and taste of the strawberries. The specific method comprises the following steps: in the full bearing period, normal morning and evening greenhouse management is guaranteed, meanwhile, the greenhouse is closed completely at 12 to 12 o' clock every noon, the time lasts for half an hour, the temperature in the greenhouse can rise rapidly, and a transient high-temperature stimulus is formed on growing strawberries. And after half an hour, opening the greenhouse and recovering the greenhouse to be in a normal state.

In the invention, the grass zone is established to supplement organic matters for strawberries, improve soil properties, regulate microclimate, and establish an effective food net system of 'organic matters → soil microorganisms-protozoa-saprophytic animals-herbivores-phytophagous animals → predators → microorganisms', thereby providing a benign local ecological environment for the growth of strawberries. More importantly, the grass has a developed root system, and when the grass is crossed with the root system of the strawberry, competitive stimulation is applied to the grass, stimulation signal transduction is induced, resistance genes related to the strawberry are enhanced, and finally the strawberry is robust and fruits are high in quality.

The application of the probiotic compost and the fermented cake fertilizer provides high-quality comprehensive nutrients for the growth of strawberries and promotes the activation of soil microorganisms. The probiotic active liquid plays a role in inhibiting strawberry diseases and stimulating the growth of strawberries. The potted transplanting of the strawberries can enable the growth positions of the strawberries to be away from the ground for a certain distance, so that the strawberries are protected from damage of a plurality of soil pests (such as slugs) to the strawberry fruits. The organic material covering effectively improves the small ground environment and provides organic matters for the soil. The high-temperature stimulation in the full bearing period is an induction method for the stress resistance of the strawberries, and finally the quality of the strawberries can be improved.

In the whole production process, products such as pesticides, bactericides, chemical fertilizers, plant growth regulators and the like are not used, and the used agricultural materials are all plant-derived materials, so that the production of the pure natural agricultural strawberries is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a field strawberry cultivation zone and a grass zone configuration; FIG. 2 is a specification of a strawberry basin; fig. 3 is a mesh of the bottom of the strawberry basin.

Detailed Description

The above-mentioned aspects of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the subject matter of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. All the technologies realized based on the above design schemes of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. The following examples are carried out using conventional techniques, except as otherwise indicated.

Example of the implementation

In 2015-2016, experimental studies were carried out, and in 2017-2019, subsequent production observations were carried out. In a common sunlight greenhouse, good soil fertility is maintained, and high-quality strawberries closest to nature are produced in a pot culture mode.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing high-quality probiotic compost

The raw material of the probiotic compost can be prepared by mixing crushed straws, rice hulls, mushroom dregs, fallen leaves and other carbon-containing materials with rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal, hoof powder and other nitrogen-containing materials, adding a small amount of garden soil, adjusting the humidity to 55-60% by using 100 times diluted EM bacterial liquid, and then stacking for aerobic fermentation. Turning over and adjusting water twice a month, fermenting the straw materials for more than 8 months, fermenting the fallen leaf materials for more than 18 months to obtain a rotten state, and using the fermented fallen leaf materials. The compost formulation used here was rice hulls: rice bran: leaf falling: oil meal: soil (volume ratio) 36:2:5:1: 4. The EM is Runkangyuan EM stock solution produced by Linyiyiyikang organic agriculture science and technology park, Inc.

(2) Preparing a fermented cake fertilizer:

mixing testa oryzae (or testa Tritici), soybean meal, fish meal, and distiller's grains at a ratio of 6:3:1: 0.5. Pouring 100 times diluted EM bacterial liquid into the material, rubbing the material with hands to make the material uniformly and fully absorb water, mixing for 2-3 times with a tool, adjusting the water content to 35-40%, and holding the material in a conglobation state and being dispersable when touching. Putting into container, sealing and fermenting for more than 1 month to start using. The EM is Runkangyuan EM stock solution produced by Linyiyiyikang organic agriculture science and technology park, Inc.

(3) Preparing a lawn belt: leveling a large field, applying completely decomposed or moderately decomposed compost of 1-2kg per square meter, deep ploughing once, and raking the field. And planning a planting zone and a grassy zone in the field. The planting zones and the grass growing zones are arranged alternately. The width of the planting zone is 50cm, and the width of the grass zone is 80 cm. As shown in fig. 1. The green manure is sowed on the planting belt as reference, and the selected seeds can be blue grass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, clover and ryegrass, and are mixed according to equal proportion when being sowed. The total amount of the seeds per mu is 4-5kg, the seeds can be sowed in a drill or broadcast, and the seeds are covered with soil and pressed after being sowed and are frequently watered. The grassland can help maintain the ecological stability of the field and provide sufficient organic matter for the field. The lawn was managed with a small mower. The reserved height during mowing is generally 10cm, and mowing frequency is judged according to growth speed of grass in different seasons. The grass cut every time is laid on the planting belt, so that the planting belt can be moisturized, the soil biological diversity is improved, and the nutrition can be provided for the strawberries after decomposition. When the lawn mower grows vigorously in summer, the fermented cake fertilizer is used for topdressing the lawn mower every month, and the dosage is 50-100 g/square meter.

4) Big pot transplanting of strawberries and symbiosis of grassy belts

In 9-10 months, strawberry seedlings are purchased or automatically propagated, and the strawberry varieties are required to have certain disease resistance and strong seedlings. A flowerpot having a diameter of about 27cm, a height of about 23cm, a volume of about 7L and a mesh hole at the bottom was prepared. Mixing the compost obtained in the step 2) with clean and pathogen-free garden soil in equal proportion, and filling the mixture into a flowerpot. And transplanting the prepared strawberry seedlings into a flowerpot, and watering thoroughly. And (3) placing the flowerpot with the strawberry seedlings on a cultivation belt which is prepared in advance in a field and is applied with base fertilizer, wherein the interval between pots is 10 cm. The dry and wet changes of the pot soil can be noticed at any time, and the seedling is promoted to grow up by frequent watering. From late autumn to early spring, the greenhouse is closed for management, and the strawberries are ensured to live through the winter safely. In early spring, when the temperature rises, old leaves and withered yellow leaves in the pot are cut off, and fermented cake fertilizer is scattered on two sides of the base part of the flowerpot on the cultivation belt and mixed with surface soil once. After that, the fertilizer is applied for 2 times every month.

5) Organic material coating

The grass cut by the grass growing belt is completely paved beside the flowerpot base on the cultivation belt at ordinary times. If not enough, semi-decomposed straw or wheat straw can be laid on the cultivation belt. When the strawberries are watered every time, the covering materials beside the flower pots are sprayed with water to promote the decomposition of the covering materials. The organic materials such as straws and the like are covered on the cultivation ridges, so that moisture can be preserved for soil, organic matters can be provided, a food source can be provided for soil animals, and the formation of soil aggregates can be promoted. After the first covered straw is gradually decomposed, new straw or cut weeds are added.

6) High temperature stimulation during full bearing period

In the full bearing period, the normal management of the greenhouse in the morning and at the evening is ensured, the greenhouse is completely closed from 12 pm to 12 pm every day for half an hour, and the greenhouse is opened after half an hour to recover the normal state.

Through 2 years of investigation and research and 3 years of production test, the fertility of the soil in the greenhouse is well improved, an ecological system in the greenhouse is stable, and the number of natural enemies of pests is remarkably increased. The potted strawberry grows well, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is less, the yield is lower than that of the conventional agriculture, but the sugar content of the fruit is improved by 20-30 percent compared with the conventional product, the vitamin content is improved by 45-90 percent, the nitrate content is reduced by more than 60 percent, the comprehensive quality is greatly improved, and the taste is obviously improved. The results of the brief investigation are shown in tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 brief survey results of strawberry yield and quality

TABLE 2 conditions of natural enemies and pests in the environment of strawberry natural farming

Practice shows that 6 measures such as establishment of a grassland zone, application of probiotic compost and fermented cake fertilizer, application of probiotic active liquid, large-pot transplanting of strawberries, symbiosis of the grassland zone, organic material coverage, high-temperature stimulation in the full bearing period and the like are matched and executed, so that the stability of a farmland ecosystem and soil fertility is realized, and the strawberries return to the original natural taste. The scheme can preliminarily realize the production of the natural farming method high-quality strawberries without pesticide and fertilizer.

Claims

1. A natural farming cultivation method of greenhouse strawberries comprises the following specific technical scheme:

1) establishing a lawn area: and planning a planting zone and a grassy zone in the field. The planting zones and the grass growing zones are arranged alternately. The width of the planting zone is 50cm, and the width of the grass zone is 80 cm. The grass cut each time is laid on the planting belt. When the lawn mower grows vigorously in summer, the fermented cake fertilizer is used for topdressing the lawn mower every month, and the dosage is 50-100 g/square meter.

2) Probiotic compost and fermented cake fertilizer application

When land preparation is carried out, completely decomposed compost (1-2kg per square meter) and fermented cake fertilizer (100g per square meter) are scattered in a field to serve as base fertilizer. When the strawberry seedlings are transplanted in a large basin, half of the using amount of the basin soil is decomposed compost. In the growth process of the strawberries, top dressing is carried out by using a fermented cake fertilizer twice a month, and the dosage is 100 g/square meter.

3) Probiotic active liquid administration

The utility model is used on the ground. And (3) spraying 1L of EM bacterial liquid diluted by 100-fold and 500-fold once during land preparation. ② spraying on leaf surfaces. During the growth period of the strawberries, the EM broth diluted 1000 times was sprayed 2-3 times per week.

4) Big pot transplanting of strawberries and symbiosis of grassy belts

A flowerpot having a diameter of about 27cm, a height of about 23cm, a volume of about 7L and a mesh hole at the bottom was prepared. The compost is mixed with clean garden soil without pathogenic bacteria in equal proportion and then is filled into a flowerpot. And transplanting the prepared strawberry seedlings into a flowerpot, and watering thoroughly. And (3) placing the flowerpot with the strawberry seedlings on a cultivation belt which is prepared in advance in a field and is applied with base fertilizer, wherein the interval between pots is 10 cm. From late autumn to early spring, the greenhouse is closed for management, and the strawberries are ensured to live through the winter safely. In early spring, when the temperature rises, old leaves and withered yellow leaves in the pot are cut off, and fermented cake fertilizer is scattered on two sides of the base part of the flowerpot on the cultivation belt and mixed with surface soil once. After that, the fertilizer is applied for 2 times every month.

5) Organic material coating

In the whole growth process of the strawberries, the grass cut by the grass growing belt is laid at the side of the flowerpot base on the cultivation belt. If not enough, semi-decomposed straw or wheat straw can be laid on the cultivation belt. When the strawberries are watered every time, the covering materials beside the flower pots are sprayed with water to promote the decomposition of the covering materials.

6) High temperature stimulation during full bearing period

In the full bearing period, normal morning and evening greenhouse management is guaranteed, meanwhile, the greenhouse is closed completely at 12 to 12 o' clock every noon, the time lasts for half an hour, the temperature in the greenhouse can rise rapidly, and a transient high-temperature stimulus is formed on growing strawberries. And after half an hour, opening the greenhouse and recovering the greenhouse to be in a normal state.

The step 1) is characterized in that the grass zone is established to supplement organic matters for strawberries, improve soil properties, regulate microclimate, and establish an effective food net system of 'organic matters → soil microorganisms-protozoa-saprophytic animals-herbivores-phytophagous animals → predators → microorganisms', thereby providing a benign local ecological environment for the growth of strawberries. More importantly, the grass has a developed root system, and when the grass is crossed with the root system of the strawberry, competitive stimulation is applied to the grass, stimulation signal transduction is induced, resistance genes related to the strawberry are enhanced, and finally the strawberry is robust and fruits are high in quality.

The step 2) is characterized in that the application of the probiotic compost and the fermented cake fertilizer provides high-quality comprehensive nutrients for the growth of the strawberries and promotes the activation of soil microorganisms.

The preparation method of the compost and the active liquid in the step 2) comprises the following steps:

firstly, a method for preparing probiotic compost comprises the following steps:

the raw material of the probiotic compost can be prepared by mixing crushed straws, rice hulls, mushroom dregs, fallen leaves and other carbon-containing materials with rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal, hoof powder and other nitrogen-containing materials, adding a small amount of garden soil, adjusting the humidity to 55-60% by using 100 times diluted EM bacterial liquid, and then stacking for aerobic fermentation. Turning over and adjusting water twice a month, fermenting the straw materials for more than 8 months, fermenting the fallen leaf materials for more than 18 months to obtain a rotten state, and using the fermented fallen leaf materials. The compost formula used is rice husk: rice bran: leaf falling: oil meal: soil (volume ratio) 36:2:5:1: 4.

Secondly, a manufacturing method of the fermented cake fertilizer comprises the following steps:

The step 3) is characterized in that the probiotic active liquid plays a role in inhibiting strawberry diseases and stimulating the growth of strawberries.

The step 4) is characterized in that the big pot transplantation of the strawberries can enable the growth positions of the strawberries to be away from the ground for a certain distance, so that the damage of a plurality of soil pests (such as slugs) to strawberry fruits is avoided.

Step 5) is characterized in that the organic material coverage effectively improves the ground microenvironment and provides organic matter for the soil.

The step 6) is characterized in that the high-temperature stimulation in the full bearing period is an induction method for the stress resistance of the strawberries, and finally the quality of the strawberries can be improved.