CN105746266A - Rice pollution-free planting method - Google Patents
Rice pollution-free planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746266A CN105746266A CN201610243393.8A CN201610243393A CN105746266A CN 105746266 A CN105746266 A CN 105746266A CN 201610243393 A CN201610243393 A CN 201610243393A CN 105746266 A CN105746266 A CN 105746266A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice pollution-free planting method.The rice pollution-free planting method comprises the following first step of production field selection, the second step of rice seedling bed preparation, the third step of seed selection and treatment, the fourth step of seedling culture, the fifth step of transplanting and the sixth step of management after transplanting.Compared with a current conventional rice production technology, the rice pollution-free production technology is adopted; by means of the production method, production can be carried out according to corresponding production technological standards, general sanitary standards are met, and it is identified through the related department that the content of harmful substances (such as pesticide residues, heavy metal and nitrite) in rice is controlled within the tolerance range in national regulations, and no damage is caused to the health of the human body after people eat rice, so that the life quality of people is improved, and the yield of rice can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of Oryza sativa L., belong to rice cultivation planting technical field.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. is grass family oryza plant, is the fundamental type of cultivated rice, develops, for wild rice domestication, the cultivation seed rice originally formed, is one of China's staple food crop.Sown area and total product all account for the first place of cereal crops, and the main food of our people is not only by rice, also there are about half population in the world with rice for staple food.Rice is of high nutritive value, and general highed milled rice contains carbohydrate 75%～79%, protein 6.5%～9.0%, fat 0.2%～2.0%, crude fibre 0.2%～1.0%.In addition, possibly together with several amino acids.Because rice crude fiber content is low, therefore easily digest, and various nutritional labeling can digestibility and absorbance all high, be suitable for the needs of human body.Oryza glutinosa side-product is of many uses.Testa oryzae is the concentrated feed of domestic animal, is also important medical material；Rice husk is the important raw material of industry；Caulis et Folium Oryzae, except making feed stripped and organic fertilizer, is alternatively arranged as the raw material of paper industry etc..Therefore develop Rice Production, improve the yield of Oryza glutinosa and the quality of rice, the development tool of Chinese national economy is of great significance.
But, current Rice Production generally weighs yield lightweight, in Oryza glutinosa, the content of harmful substance (such as pesticide residues, heavy metal, nitrite etc.) often exceeds the allowed band of national regulation, after people are edible, health is often resulted in impact.Along with the raising of people's living standard, the needs of non-harmful product are more and more urgent.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Rice Non-polluted implantation methods.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of Rice Non-polluted implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
(1) provenance selection: select air quality, irrigation water quality and the satisfactory place of production of soil environment quality；
(2) rice seedling bed arranges: enter primary cultivation before the winter, and soil of deep ploughing, the degree of depth is at 30～35 centimetres；Secondly basal dressing, fertilizer execute after whole good rice seedling bed, before sowing, rice seedling bed is weeded and loosen the soil flat, do furrow, then divide furrow, wait to sow；
(3) seed selection and process: select rice paddy seed according to different crops for rotation, breediness, safe full heading date and rice district；After selecting seed, soak seed, wash and plant and accelerating germination process；
(4) nursery: after spreading lower seed rice in rice seedling bed, spills one layer of rice hull ash on soil, and maxmun field capacity is 45%-55%, seed rice is taken root in earth and is sprouted, and growing three true leaves to rice shoot, supplements fertilizer after emerging, after 9-10 days, rice shoot executes a fertilizer again；
(5) transplant: whole field applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and when rice shoot length paramount 7-9 centimetre, transplants, before transplanting, within 44-46 days, execute a fertilizer；During transplanting, rice shoot inserts 2.5-3.5 centimetre, and density is every mu and inserts 1.8～30,000 caves；
(6) management after transplanting: pour water, topdress, and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control of weeds.
As preferably, the requirement of air quality described in step (1) is: in normal conditions, and sulfur dioxide daily mean of concentration every cubic metre answers≤0.25 milligram, and fluoride should≤7 micrograms；
Preferred as another kind, the requirement of irrigation water quality described in step (1) is: pH is between 5.5～8.5, every liter of water total mercury≤0.001 milligram, total cadmium≤0.01 milligram, total arsenic≤0.05 milligram, chromium (sexavalence)≤0.1 milligram, total lead≤0.1 milligram, petroleum-type≤5.0 milligram, volatile phenol≤1.0 milligram.
Preferred as another kind, the requirement of soil environment quality described in step (1) is: when pH is less than 6.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram of per kilogram soil, total mercury≤0.3 milligram, total arsenic≤30 milligram, total lead≤250 milligrams, total chromium≤250 milligram；When pH is between 6.5～7.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram, total mercury≤0.5 milligram, total arsenic≤25 milligram, total lead≤300 milligrams, total chromium≤300 milligram；When pH is more than 7.5, total cadmium≤0.6 milligram, total mercury≤1.0 milligram, total arsenic≤20 milligram, total lead≤350 milligrams, total chromium≤350 milligram.
Preferred as another kind, basal dressing described in step (2) is: every mu execute the farmyard manure 1500～1800 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dung polluted water 1200～1500 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% three element compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, 18 kilograms of carbamide.
Preferred as another kind, seed soaking described in step (3) is: being immersed by the seed chosen in the medicament after the cleer and peaceful imidacloprid mixed diluting of bacterium worm 14～24 hours, wherein large seed soaks 18～24 hours, and small-sized seed soaks 14～18 hours；
Described washing kind is: by the seed clean water soaked 3～5 times, thoroughly washes away the bur of seed soaking medicament flavour of a drug and the surface of the seed, then picks up and make the surface of the seed moisture drip-dry；
Described accelerating germination is: cleaned 30-40 minute with 44～46 DEG C of hot water by the seed after cleaning, and carries out insulation accelerating germination with large bamboo or wicker basket after making paddy body warm, and adopting temperature is 45～50 degree.
Preferred as another kind, apply fertilizer to the subsoil described in step (5) on the basis executing the farm organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, enrich carbon ammonium 30～40 kilograms, general calcium 30～40 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15～20 kilograms.
Preferred as another kind, Transplanting Density described in step (5) is: fertile field, previous crops vegetable fields, inserts 1.8～20,000 caves for every mu；Silt particle soil field, middle fertility field, insert 2～2.2 ten thousand caves for every mu；Easily metal run out infertile field, by inserting not by sending out, every mu of slotting 2.5～30,000 caves.
Preferred as another kind, pour water described in step (6) into: after rice transplanting, to have enough water layers, not have rice shoot auricle to be limited, also have full heading time to strengthen moisture to irrigate, entering children's fringe potted flower phase, will go up water in time, heading should fill a shallow water later, naturally fall dry, filling second time shallow water again, reach dry dry and wet wet endowment rice, the later stage can not cut off the water supply too early or waterflooding；
Described topdress for: select fertilizer by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer mix pelletize form, containing, for example the effective ingredient of lower ratio in the mixture obtained: nitrogen (N) 18～20%, phosphorus (P2O5) 12～14%, potassium (K2O) 15～18%, zinc (Zn) 0.3～1%.
Preferred as another kind, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control described in step (6) includes: cultural control, physical control, Biological control and chemical prevention；Described control of weeds include rice field tend ducks, the series preventing and treating always of artificial weeding and open country.
Concrete grammar includes:
(1) cultural control: select the kind that Resistant is strong；
(2) physical control: according to insect phototaxis feature, fills a 30W black light trapping snout moths larva and rice leaf roller adult, it is possible to decrease insect egg laying amount every 15 mu of neoasozins；
(3) Biological control: widely popularize and control worm with duck, mu is with duckling about 10；Sustainable use rice pest natural enemy such as Rana nigromaculata, Aranea；Advocate rice field fish culture and control worm；
(4) chemical prevention: when chemical prevention, strict implement GB8321 " pesticide reasonable application ", select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, forbid to use severe toxicity, high poison, high residue and have three to cause the pesticide that (teratogenesis, carcinogenic, mutagenesis) acts on.In snout moths larva and rice leaf roller low age, mu Bacillus thuringiensis 10,000,000,000 living spores/microlitre suspending agent 200～400 grams spraying, A level also can with 18% dimehypo water solution 250 grams/acre spraying；In planthopper occurance peak, A level, mu 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 15～20 grams, or 25% buprofezin wettable powder 25～30 grams spraying, safety interval is 15 days；
(5) disease control 1. banded sclerotial blight: mu 450 milliliters of 5% jinggangmycin water preparation spraying；2. bacterial leaf-blight YE KU NING or the preventing and treating of copper nobleness；3. fringe phase disease: make good use of and make every effort to overcome or after rice, security protection is controlled；
(6) control of weeds: should advocate rice field tend ducks, artificial weeding, to the serious field of crop smothering, after cultivation 5～7 days with open country always series preventing and treating；
Beneficial effect: compare current Oryza sativa L. conventional manufacturing techniques, the present invention adopts Rice Non-polluted production technology, this production method can produce according to corresponding production technical standard, meets general sanitary standard and assert through relevant department, the content of harmful substance (such as pesticide residues, heavy metal, nitrite etc.) in Oryza sativa L., control in the allowed band of national regulation, after people are edible, health not being resulted in harm, thus improving people's quality of life, and rice yield can be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
According to following embodiment, it is possible to be more fully understood that the present invention.But, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the content described by embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should without the present invention described in detail in restriction claims.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1, provenance selection:
Provenance selection is good at ecological condition, away from polluter, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity.Specific requirement:
(1) air quality: in normal conditions, sulfur dioxide daily mean of concentration every cubic metre answers≤0.25 milligram, and fluoride should≤7 micrograms；
(2) irrigation water quality: PH between 5.5～8.5, every liter of water total mercury≤0.001 milligram, total cadmium≤0.01 milligram, total arsenic≤0.05 milligram, chromium (sexavalence)≤0.1 milligram, total lead≤0.1 milligram, petroleum-type≤5.0 milligram, volatile phenol≤1.0 milligram；
(3) soil environment quality: when PH is less than 6.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram of per kilogram soil, total mercury≤0.3 milligram, total arsenic≤30 milligram, total lead≤250 milligrams, total chromium≤250 milligram；When PH is between 6.5～7.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram, total mercury≤0.5 milligram, total arsenic≤25 milligram, total lead≤300 milligrams, total chromium≤300 milligram；When PH is more than 7.5, total cadmium≤0.6 milligram, total mercury≤1.0 milligram, total arsenic≤20 milligram, total lead≤350 milligrams, total chromium≤350 milligram.
Step 2, seed preparation:
According to different crops for rotation, breediness and safe full heading date, the rice paddy seed of kind needed for the applicable local rice district of selection, seed to reach more than GB high quality paddy secondary standard, there are the production advantages such as good Comprehensive Traits, will by kind that is provincial and that name, combination, there is stronger conformability: it is of fine quality that non-pollution rice kind does not require nothing more than rice, must also possess high yield, stable yields and adapt to the light of locality, temperature, water and soil earth condition, good stress resistance, the feature that diseases and insect pests resistance is strong.It addition, the rice district that correspondence is different, the kind selecting seed is also different, corresponding rice district, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River: select excellent No. 1 of Y two, new two excellent No. 6, the military seeds transporting round-grained rice 23, excellent No. 8 of river in Zhejiang Province, south round-grained rice 46, excellent No. 1 of middle Zhejiang, even round-grained rice 7 or elegant water 134 kind；Corresponding South China rice region: select the seed of special excellent 757, Tianyou998, Yuejingsimiao 2 or Tianyou 122 kind；Rice district, corresponding southwest: selecting should the seed of fragrant excellent 211, F excellent 498, interior 5 excellent 39 or No. 28 kinds of Chu's round-grained rice；Corresponding north paddyfield: select the seed of dragon round-grained rice 25, logical standing grain 836, Shen Nong 9816 or peaceful No. 43 kinds of round-grained rice.
Step 3, young plants management:
(1) wholely: rice seedling bed should select the field that physical features is higher, Soil structure is good, after rice seedling bed is chosen, entering before the winter first primary cultivation, soil of deep ploughing, depth requirements is at 30～35 centimetres；Secondly basal dressing, every mu execute the farmyard manure 1600 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dung polluted water 1400 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% three element compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, 18 kilograms of carbamide, fertilizer execute after whole good rice seedling bed, before sowing, rice seedling bed is weeded and loosen the soil flat, do furrow, then divide furrow, wait to sow.
(2) seed soaking, accelerating germination include following four aspect, and (1) chooses seeds；(2) seed soaking；(3) kind is washed；(4) accelerating germination；Seed selection, immerses the seed chosen in medicament 19 hours, and wherein large seed soaks 21 hours, and small-sized seed soaks 16 hours；Seed soaking, adopting medicament is the Medicament soaked seed after the cleer and peaceful imidacloprid mixed diluting of bacterium worm；Wash kind, by the seed clean water soaked 4 times, thoroughly wash away the bur of seed soaking medicament flavour of a drug and the surface of the seed, then pick up and make the surface of the seed moisture drip-dry；Accelerating germination, cleans the seed picked up 35 minutes with 45 DEG C of hot water, and carries out insulation accelerating germination with large bamboo or wicker basket after making paddy body warm, and adopting temperature is 48 degree.
(3) in seedling raising process, in rice seedling bed, rice shoot is first cultivated, after spreading lower seed rice, soil spills one layer of rice hull ash, maxmun field capacity is 50%, and seed rice is taken root in earth and sprouted, growing three true leaves to rice shoot after emerging, supplement fertilizer, supplementing after fertilizer 9～10 days, rice shoot needs to execute a fertilizer again, rice shoot grow tall 8 centimeters time, can be carried out rice transplanting, transplant first 45 days and execute a fertilizer.
Step 4, transplants:
(1) whole field basal dressing: three plough three rakes are adhered in whole field, especially paddy stubble field to accomplish that paddy falls field and stands up, and rice straw is field also.During rice transplanting, the flat argillization in field is accomplished in whole field, uses sufficient base fertilizer, and based on fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer coordinate, and on every mu of basis executing the farm organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, enrich carbon ammonium 35 kilograms, general calcium 35 kilograms, potassium sulfate 18 kilograms.Time to fertilize, advocate and execute middle level fertilizer, allow chemical fertilizer merge with soil granular, reduce and run off, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
(2) shallow insert, thin planting: rice transplanting however plant deep seedling, it is desirable to shallow insert, insert 3 cm in mud.Promote low joint position tiller, in order to early growth and quick tiller.Fertile field, previous crops vegetable fields, insert 1.9 ten thousand caves for every mu；Silt particle soil field, middle fertility field, insert 2.1 ten thousand caves for every mu；Easily metal run out infertile field, by inserting not by sending out, every mu of slotting 2.8 ten thousand caves.
Step 5, pours water:
After rice transplanting, there are enough water layers, not have rice shoot auricle to be limited, also have full heading time to strengthen moisture and irrigate, enter children's fringe potted flower phase, to go up water in time, heading should fill a shallow water later, naturally falls dry, then fills second time shallow water, reaching dry dry and wet wet endowment rice, the later stage can not cut off the water supply too early or waterflooding.
Step 6, topdresses:
Select fertilizer to be mixed pelletize by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to form, containing, for example the effective ingredient of lower ratio in the mixture obtained: nitrogen (N) 19%, phosphorus (P2O5) 13%, potassium (K2O) 16%, zinc (Zn) 0.6%.
Step 7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to accomplish to put prevention first, integrated control.Adhere to selecting centered by disease-resistant breeding, based on health care cultivation, be aided with medicament early anti-, note the principle protecting natural enemy simultaneously, carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control comprehensively, all sidedly.
(1) cultural control: select the kind that Resistant is strong；
(2) physical control: according to insect phototaxis feature, fills a 30W black light trapping snout moths larva and rice leaf roller adult, it is possible to decrease insect egg laying amount every 15 mu of neoasozins；
(3) Biological control: widely popularize and control worm with duck, mu is with duckling 10；Sustainable use rice pest natural enemy such as Rana nigromaculata, Aranea；Advocate rice field fish culture and control worm；
(4) chemical prevention: when chemical prevention, strict implement GB8321 " pesticide reasonable application ", select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, forbid to use severe toxicity, high poison, high residue and have three to cause the pesticide that (teratogenesis, carcinogenic, mutagenesis) acts on.In snout moths larva and rice leaf roller low age, mu Bacillus thuringiensis 10,000,000,000 living spores/microlitre suspending agent 300 grams spraying, A level also can with 18% dimehypo water solution 250 grams/acre spraying；In planthopper occurance peak, A level, mu 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 18 grams, or 25% buprofezin wettable powder 28 grams spraying, safety interval is 15 days；
(5) disease control 1. banded sclerotial blight: mu 450 milliliters of 5% jinggangmycin water preparation spraying；2. bacterial leaf-blight YE KU NING or the preventing and treating of copper nobleness；3. fringe phase disease: make good use of and make every effort to overcome or after rice, security protection is controlled；
(6) control of weeds should advocate rice field tend ducks, artificial weeding, to the serious field of crop smothering, plant latter 6 days with open country always series preventing and treating；
Step 8, harvesting:
After Oryza glutinosa maturation, manually gather in the morning at fine day, dry, remove impurity, warehouse-in, preserve on request.
Embodiment 2:
Institute is identical with embodiment 1 in steps, is different in that following parameter selects difference:
Step 3, young plants management:
(1) basal dressing, every mu execute the farmyard manure 1500 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dung polluted water 1200 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% three element compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, 18 kilograms of carbamide.
(2) seed chosen being immersed in medicament 14 hours, wherein large seed soaks 18 hours, and small-sized seed soaks 14 hours；Seed soaking, adopting medicament is the Medicament soaked seed after the cleer and peaceful imidacloprid mixed diluting of bacterium worm；Wash kind, by the seed clean water soaked 3 times, thoroughly wash away the bur of seed soaking medicament flavour of a drug and the surface of the seed, then pick up and make the surface of the seed moisture drip-dry；Accelerating germination, cleans the seed picked up 35 minutes with 44 DEG C of hot water, and carries out insulation accelerating germination with large bamboo or wicker basket after making paddy body warm, and adopting temperature is 45 degree.
(3) in seedling raising process, first cultivating rice shoot in rice seedling bed, after spreading lower seed rice, spill one layer of rice hull ash on soil, maxmun field capacity is 45%.
Step 4, transplants:
(1) whole field basal dressing: use sufficient base fertilizer, based on fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer coordinate, and on every mu of basis executing the farm organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, enrich carbon ammonium 30 kilograms, general calcium 30 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15 kilograms.
(2) shallow slotting, thin planting: fertile field, previous crops vegetable fields, inserts 1.8 ten thousand caves for every mu；Silt particle soil field, middle fertility field, insert 20,000 caves for every mu；Easily metal run out infertile field, by inserting not by sending out, every mu of slotting 2.5 ten thousand caves.
Step 6, topdresses:
Select fertilizer to be mixed pelletize by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to form, containing, for example the effective ingredient of lower ratio in the mixture obtained: nitrogen (N) 18%, phosphorus (P2O5) 12%, potassium (K2O) 15%, zinc (Zn) 0.3%.
Step 7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(4) chemical prevention: in snout moths larva and rice leaf roller low age, mu Bacillus thuringiensis 10,000,000,000 living spores/microlitre suspending agent 200 grams spraying, A level also can with 18% dimehypo water solution 250 grams/acre spraying；In planthopper occurance peak, A level, mu 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 15 grams, or 25% buprofezin wettable powder 25 grams spraying, safety interval is 15 days；
(6) control of weeds should advocate rice field tend ducks, artificial weeding, to the serious field of crop smothering, plant latter 5 days with open country always series preventing and treating；
Step 8, harvesting:
After Oryza glutinosa maturation, manually gather in the morning at fine day, dry, remove impurity, warehouse-in, preserve on request.
Embodiment 3:
Institute is identical with embodiment 1 in steps, is different in that following parameter selects difference:
Step 3, young plants management:
(1) basal dressing, every mu execute the farmyard manure 1800 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dung polluted water 1500 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% three element compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, 18 kilograms of carbamide.
(2) seed chosen being immersed in medicament 24 hours, wherein large seed soaks 24 hours, and small-sized seed soaks 18 hours；Seed soaking, adopting medicament is the Medicament soaked seed after the cleer and peaceful imidacloprid mixed diluting of bacterium worm；Wash kind, by the seed clean water soaked 5 times, thoroughly wash away the bur of seed soaking medicament flavour of a drug and the surface of the seed, then pick up and make the surface of the seed moisture drip-dry；Accelerating germination, cleans the seed picked up 35 minutes with 46 DEG C of hot water, and carries out insulation accelerating germination with large bamboo or wicker basket after making paddy body warm, and adopting temperature is 50 degree.
(3) in seedling raising process, first cultivating rice shoot in rice seedling bed, after spreading lower seed rice, spill one layer of rice hull ash on soil, maxmun field capacity is 55%.
Step 4, transplants:
(1) whole field basal dressing: use sufficient base fertilizer, based on fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer coordinate, and on every mu of basis executing the farm organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, enrich carbon ammonium 40 kilograms, general calcium 40 kilograms, potassium sulfate 20 kilograms.
(2) shallow slotting, thin planting: fertile field, previous crops vegetable fields, inserts 20,000 caves for every mu；Silt particle soil field, middle fertility field, insert 2.2 ten thousand caves for every mu；Easily metal run out infertile field, by inserting not by sending out, every mu of slotting 30,000 caves.
Step 6, topdresses:
Select fertilizer to be mixed pelletize by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer to form, containing, for example the effective ingredient of lower ratio in the mixture obtained: nitrogen (N) 20%, phosphorus (P2O5) 14%, potassium (K2O) 18%, zinc (Zn) 1%.
Step 7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(4) chemical prevention: in snout moths larva and rice leaf roller low age, mu Bacillus thuringiensis 10,000,000,000 living spores/microlitre suspending agent 400 grams spraying, A level also can with 18% dimehypo water solution 250 grams/acre spraying；In planthopper occurance peak, A level, mu 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 20 grams, or 25% buprofezin wettable powder 30 grams spraying, safety interval is 15 days；
(6) control of weeds should advocate rice field tend ducks, artificial weeding, to the serious field of crop smothering, plant latter 7 days with open country always series preventing and treating；
Step 8, harvesting:
After Oryza glutinosa maturation, manually gather in the morning at fine day, dry, remove impurity, warehouse-in, preserve on request.
Non-polluted planting method gained rice products of the present invention is investigated by experimental example
Selection experiment rice field, be divided into that size is identical four pieces, it is set to matched group, embodiment 1 group, embodiment 2 groups and embodiment 3 groups, matched group adopts general planting method, embodiment 1 group, embodiment 2 groups and embodiment 3 groups are planted according to the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 method respectively, the final gained rice grain of each group carries out pesticide residues (lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic, rare earth) and per mu yield is investigated, and result is shown in table 1 below.
The each rice products pesticide residues of table 1 (lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic, rare earth) and per mu yield investigate result
Can being obtained by upper table result, compare general planting, the rice grain pesticide residues (lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic, rare earth) of Rice Non-polluted of the present invention plantation are decreased obviously, and per mu yield significantly improves.
Therefore: the present invention adopts Rice Non-polluted production technology, can produce according to corresponding production technical standard, meet general sanitary standard and assert through relevant department, the content of harmful substance in Oryza sativa L., control in the allowed band of national regulation, after people are edible, health is not resulted in harm, thus improving people's quality of life, and rice yield can be improved.
Claims (10)
1. a Rice Non-polluted implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) provenance selection: select air quality, irrigation water quality and the satisfactory place of production of soil environment quality；
(2) rice seedling bed arranges: enter primary cultivation before the winter, and soil of deep ploughing, the degree of depth is at 30～35 centimetres；Secondly basal dressing, fertilizer execute after whole good rice seedling bed, before sowing, rice seedling bed is weeded and loosen the soil flat, do furrow, then divide furrow, wait to sow；
(3) seed selection and process: select rice paddy seed according to different crops for rotation, breediness, safe full heading date and rice district；After selecting seed, soak seed, wash and plant and accelerating germination process；
(4) nursery: after spreading lower seed rice in rice seedling bed, spills one layer of rice hull ash on soil, and maxmun field capacity is 45%-55%, seed rice is taken root in earth and is sprouted, and growing three true leaves to rice shoot, supplements fertilizer after emerging, after 9-10 days, rice shoot executes a fertilizer again；
(5) transplant: whole field applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and when rice shoot length paramount 7-9 centimetre, transplants, before transplanting, within 44-46 days, execute a fertilizer；During transplanting, rice shoot inserts 2.5-3.5 centimetre, and density is every mu and inserts 1.8～30,000 caves；
(6) management after transplanting: pour water, topdress, and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control of weeds.
2. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the requirement of air quality described in step (1) is: in normal conditions, sulfur dioxide daily mean of concentration every cubic metre answers≤0.25 milligram, and fluoride should≤7 micrograms.
3. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the requirement of irrigation water quality described in step (1) is: pH is between 5.5～8.5, every liter of water total mercury≤0.001 milligram, total cadmium≤0.01 milligram, total arsenic≤0.05 milligram, chromium (sexavalence)≤0.1 milligram, total lead≤0.1 milligram, petroleum-type≤5.0 milligram, volatile phenol≤1.0 milligram.
4. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the requirement of soil environment quality described in step (1) is: when pH is less than 6.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram of per kilogram soil, total mercury≤0.3 milligram, total arsenic≤30 milligram, total lead≤250 milligrams, total chromium≤250 milligram；When pH is between 6.5～7.5, total cadmium≤0.3 milligram, total mercury≤0.5 milligram, total arsenic≤25 milligram, total lead≤300 milligrams, total chromium≤300 milligram；When pH is more than 7.5, total cadmium≤0.6 milligram, total mercury≤1.0 milligram, total arsenic≤20 milligram, total lead≤350 milligrams, total chromium≤350 milligram.
5. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, basal dressing described in step (2) is: every mu execute the farmyard manure 1500～1800 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dung polluted water 1200～1500 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% three element compound fertilizer 25 kilograms, 18 kilograms of carbamide.
6. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, seed soaking described in step (3) is: the seed chosen immersed in the medicament after the cleer and peaceful imidacloprid mixed diluting of bacterium worm 14～24 hours, wherein large seed soaks 18～24 hours, and small-sized seed soaks 14～18 hours；
Described washing kind is: by the seed clean water soaked 3～5 times, thoroughly washes away the bur of seed soaking medicament flavour of a drug and the surface of the seed, then picks up and make the surface of the seed moisture drip-dry；
Described accelerating germination is: cleaned 30-40 minute with 44～46 DEG C of hot water by the seed after cleaning, and carries out insulation accelerating germination with large bamboo or wicker basket after making paddy body warm, and adopting temperature is 45～50 degree.
7. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, apply fertilizer to the subsoil described in step (5) on the basis executing the farm organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, enrich carbon ammonium 30～40 kilograms, general calcium 30～40 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15～20 kilograms.
8. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Transplanting Density described in step (5) is: fertile field, previous crops vegetable fields, inserts 1.8～20,000 caves for every mu；Silt particle soil field, middle fertility field, insert 2～2.2 ten thousand caves for every mu；Easily metal run out infertile field, by inserting not by sending out, every mu of slotting 2.5～30,000 caves.
9. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pour water described in step (6) into: after rice transplanting, there are enough water layers, not have rice shoot auricle to be limited, also have full heading time to strengthen moisture and irrigate, enter children's fringe potted flower phase, to go up water in time, heading should fill a shallow water later, naturally falls dry, then fills second time shallow water, reaching dry dry and wet wet endowment rice, the later stage can not cut off the water supply too early or waterflooding；
Described topdress for: select fertilizer by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer mix pelletize form, containing, for example the effective ingredient of lower ratio in the mixture obtained: nitrogen (N) 18～20%, phosphorus (P2O5) 12～14%, potassium (K2O) 15～18%, zinc (Zn) 0.3～1%.
10. Rice Non-polluted implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control described in step (6) includes: cultural control, physical control, Biological control and chemical prevention；Described control of weeds include rice field tend ducks, the series preventing and treating always of artificial weeding and open country.
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| CN106212139A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 柳州市绿州种植专业合作社 | The implantation methods of non-pollution rice |
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| CN111887115A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing yield per unit level |
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| CN107950325A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-04-24 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Implantation methods are remedied after semilate rice long-time waterflooding |
| CN111887115A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing yield per unit level |
| CN113854072A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北欣援现代农业发展有限公司 | Planting method of selenium-rich rice |
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