CN111887115A

CN111887115A - Novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing yield per unit level

Info

Publication number: CN111887115A
Application number: CN202010788258.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方菲; 刘怡; 曹玉洪; 王德淦; 秦家乐; 薛晓昊
Original assignee: Maanshan Nongteng Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Maanshan Nongteng Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-07
Filing date: 2020-08-07
Publication date: 2020-11-06

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel method for physically weeding an organic rice field to guarantee the level of yield per unit, which is characterized in that after living highland barley is transplanted, deep water of 4-6 cm is irrigated in the rice field, and the deep water of a field block is kept until the completion of rice grouting. The method of the invention basically prevents the occurrence of weeds in the rice field after being used, and can basically control the occurrence of weeds in the rice field, thereby greatly reducing the cost of artificial weeding of the organic rice field, and the yield per unit is beyond expectations.

Description

Novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing yield per unit level

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic rice planting weeding, and particularly relates to a novel method for physical weeding of an organic rice field, which can guarantee the yield per unit.

Background

Rice is one of herbaceous rice genera, and is also the most prominent and longest kind of grain in the rice genus. In native China, rice is planted in the Yangtze river basin of China seven thousand years ago, and according to the type of rice, the rice can be divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice. In other categories, rice is generally cultivated in paddy fields, and rice cultivated without soil is paddy rice.

In the rice planting process, weeds in the rice field have an inhibiting effect on the growth of rice, the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests is increased, the main reason for influencing the yield and the quality of the rice is that barnyard grass and the like grow among the rice, so that direct cutting of the barnyard grass and the like is difficult, and effective prevention and control of the weeds in the rice field are important guarantee for safe production of the rice.

The herbicide is one of the main modes for preventing and killing weeds in the paddy field at present, but the long-term continuous high-dose application of chemical herbicides such as pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bensulfuron-methyl and the like can cause the drug resistance of broadleaf weeds such as edible tulip (common eupatorium herb), rhizoma alismatis (water cabbage), and monochoria japonica, and cyperaceae weeds such as common burreed rhizome, and the like to be enhanced, and the harm is increased. Meanwhile, due to the use of a certain herbicide in the paddy field for a long time, the change of the wheat field cultivation system and the introduction of new species, the weed community is obviously changed, and the weeds in the paddy field are rapidly spread and continuously spread. Especially broad-leaved weeds such as edible tulip, rhizoma alismatis, monochoria vaginalis, monochoria japonica and the like have strong reproductive capacity, high diffusion speed and serious harm, and become malignant weeds newly generated in paddy fields in recent years, so that the serious yield reduction of paddy rice is caused. Based on this, there is a further need to develop a new method for physical weeding that is effective.

Chemical herbicides are not allowed to be used in organic rice planting fields, and no effective non-chemical herbicide used in organic rice fields is invented at home and abroad at present, so that ordinary farmers control weeds in the organic rice fields by adopting an artificial weed pulling mode. However, in the actual production, if manual weeding is adopted, the labor intensity is high, the cost is high, and a large planting user can hardly hire the manual weeding in the organic rice field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a novel method for physically weeding an organic rice field, which can guarantee the yield per unit.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a new method for physically weeding an organic rice field to ensure the level of yield per unit is characterized in that after living highland barley is transplanted, deep water of 4-6 cm is irrigated in the rice field, and the deep water of the field is kept until the rice is irrigated.

The novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing the yield per unit level specifically comprises the following steps: selecting rice varieties, artificially cultivating seedlings, increasing the basic seedling number of each hole to be transplanted, and keeping deep water for a long time after transplanting live highland barley until the completion of rice grouting.

Furthermore, the rice variety with strong tillering capability and good lodging resistance is selected, so that the seedlings can be effectively tillered and do not lodging under the deepwater condition.

Preferably, the indica rice variety can be a high-quality variety with strong stems, short first internodes, good flexibility of the stems, good lodging resistance and strong tillering capability; the japonica rice is preferably the one with excellent rice quality, good taste and good tillering capability.

Furthermore, the artificial seedling cultivation adopts a water seedling cultivation mode to cultivate strong seedlings, the seedlings are sowed in a proper period according to the sowing quantity of 40 kilograms per mu of seedling field, the management of a seedling bed is strengthened, and the seedling age is 30-35 days, so that the height of the seedlings reaches the strong seedling standard of 30 centimeters, strong roots and stems and no disease and insect damage.

Further, the increase of the basic seedling number per hole for transplanting is specifically to reach 4 stem tillering seedlings per hole for transplanting hybrid indica rice fields and 6 stem tillering seedlings per hole for transplanting japonica rice fields.

Further, after transplanting the live highland barley, keeping deep water for a long time until the rice filling is finished, specifically, after transplanting the live highland barley, beginning to fill the deep water of 4-6 cm in the rice field, and keeping the deep water of the field until the rice filling is finished.

Furthermore, other management measures of the rice are consistent with the conventional organic rice cultivation.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the method selects the variety with stronger tillering capability and better lodging resistance in the aspect of variety selection, and ensures that the seedlings can be effectively tillered and do not lodging under the deepwater condition.

2. By adopting a seedling raising and transplanting mode, strong seedlings with the height of 30 cm are cultivated, so that the phenomenon of dead seedlings caused by flooding the seedlings at the low position by transplanting the seedlings into deep water of 4-6 cm can be avoided under the condition that the rice field is not flat (the rice field can not be flat in practice, the height difference is about 3 cm generally and even more).

3. When the seedlings are transplanted, basic seedlings in each hole are properly increased, the influence of insufficient tillering of the seedlings under the deep water condition can be counteracted by increasing the basic seedlings in each hole, and the normal effective spike quantity of the rice field is ensured, so that the yield per unit of the organic rice cultivation is ensured.

4. The method is not advocated by the rice cultivation theory, and is not reported in other places, but in the practical production, if manual weed pulling is adopted, the labor intensity is high, the cost is high, a large planting user hardly hires to manually pull the weeds in the organic rice field, the method is feasible through experimental demonstration, the weed prevention and control effect of the rice field can reach 80%, and the flat rice field basically does not generate weeds, so that the cost of manual weed control of the organic rice field is greatly reduced, the yield per unit exceeds the expectation (221.43 mu, two excellent 671 mu, average yield per mu of 567.04 kilograms, 365.8 mu, south japonica rice 46, average yield per mu of 409.5 kilograms in 2018 of the company, the yield increase effect reaches 11% and 5%, the two excellent 671 mu, average yield per mu, 643.5 mu, 261.77 mu, average yield per south japonica rice 46, 460.1 kilograms and more remarkable yield increase effect).

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:

example 1

A novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing the yield per unit level comprises the following specific steps:

(1) selecting rice varieties: selecting indica rice variety Liangyou 671.

(2) Artificially cultivating seedlings: strong seedlings are cultivated by adopting a water seedling raising mode, the seedlings are sowed in an appropriate period according to the sowing quantity of 15 kilograms per mu of seedling field, the management of a seedling bed is strengthened, and the seedling age is 30-35 days, so that the height of the seedlings reaches the strong seedling standard of 30 centimeters, thick rootstock and no pest damage.

(3) Properly increasing the basic seedling number of each hole for transplanting: the tillering seedlings transplanted in each hole of the hybrid indica rice field are 4.

(4) Keeping deep water for a long time after transplanting the highland barley until the rice grouting is finished: after transplanting the living highland barley, beginning to irrigate 5 cm deep water in the rice field, and keeping the deep water of the field until the rice grouting is finished.

(5) Other management measures are consistent with the conventional organic rice cultivation.

Example 2

(1) selecting rice varieties: selecting a japonica rice variety Nanjing 46.

(2) Artificially cultivating seedlings: strong seedlings are cultivated by adopting a water seedling raising mode, the seedlings are sowed in an appropriate period according to the sowing quantity of 40 kilograms per mu of seedling field, the management of a seedling bed is strengthened, and the seedling age is 30-35 days, so that the height of the seedlings reaches the strong seedling standard of 30 centimeters, thick rootstock and no pest damage.

(3) Properly increasing the basic seedling number of each hole for transplanting: the tillering seedlings transplanted in each hole of japonica rice field are up to 6.

In the process of carrying out research and test on the weeding method of the organic rice field in 2017, the following findings are found: in the embodiment, the occurrence of the weeds in the rice field can be effectively controlled by deep water, the method is comprehensively developed in an organic rice production base in 2018 to prevent and control the weeds, and the method is comprehensively popularized in the organic rice production base in a company in 2019.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel method for physically weeding an organic rice field to guarantee the level of yield per unit is characterized in that after living highland barley is transplanted, deep water of 4-6 cm is poured into the rice field, and the deep water of the field is kept until the rice is completely grouted.

2. The novel method for physical weeding in organic rice fields to ensure the yield per unit area level as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: selecting rice varieties, artificially cultivating seedlings, increasing the basic seedling number of each hole to be transplanted, and keeping deep water for a long time after transplanting live highland barley until the completion of rice grouting.

3. The novel physical weeding method for organic rice fields according to claim 2, wherein the rice varieties with strong tillering ability and good lodging resistance are selected, so that seedlings can be effectively tillered and do not lodging under deep water conditions.

4. The novel physical weeding method for organic rice fields according to claim 3, wherein indica type rice varieties are high-quality varieties with strong stalks, short first internodes, good stalk flexibility, good lodging resistance and strong tillering capability; the japonica rice is preferably the one with excellent rice quality, good taste and good tillering capability.

5. The novel physical weeding method for organic rice fields according to claim 2, wherein the artificial seedling culture is a method of raising strong seedlings by water, and the method comprises the steps of sowing 15 kg of hybrid rice seeds and 40 kg of conventional japonica rice seeds in a proper sowing amount per mu of rice field, strengthening the management of seedbeds, and ensuring that the seedlings are 30-35 days old, so that the height of the seedlings reaches the standard of strong seedlings with 30 cm, strong roots and strong stems and no pest damage.

6. The novel physical weeding method for organic rice fields according to claim 2, wherein said increase in the number of basic seedlings per hole transplanted specifically amounts to 4 tillering seedlings per hole transplanted in hybrid indica rice fields and 6 tillering seedlings per hole transplanted in japonica rice fields.

7. The novel physical weeding method for organic rice fields according to claim 2, wherein after transplanting live highland barley, the soil is kept in deep water for a long time until completion of rice filling, specifically, after transplanting live highland barley, the soil is filled in deep water of 4-6 cm in the rice field, and the soil in deep water is kept until completion of rice filling.

8. The novel method for physical weeding in organic rice fields to ensure the level of specific yield as claimed in claim 2, wherein the other management measures of rice are consistent with the conventional organic rice cultivation.