CN104041289A - Rape planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rape planting method. The method includes the steps of selecting improved varieties applicable to machine harvesting, selecting an appropriate sowing mode, conducting early sowing in good time, conducting rational close planting, applying fertilizer scientifically, conducting chemical weeding, conducting disease and pest control, harvesting in time and airing rape in time. According to the rape planted through the method, losses of the fertilizer are lowered, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the yield of the rape is obviously increased through rational close planting.

Description

A kind of rapeseed cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to a kind of implantation methods, relates in particular to a kind of rapeseed cultivation method.

Background technology

Rape is because blade is large, leaf area index is high, adopt traditional specification plantation rape, agricultural machinery participates in field management and will cause the serious mechanical damages such as blade broken, affect the normal growth of rape, therefore, tradition rape production field management all adopts manual operation, labour has high input, cost is high, in recent years, along with urbanization process is accelerated, rural laborer goes down town and works, the problems such as rape input of labor insufficient investment become the principal element of restriction rape production development, owing to lacking labour, often there is managing not in time the even phenomenon of low level management in seedling management, a little less than causing Brassica campestris L seedling growing way, resist Drought in later stage, a little less than the natural calamity abilities such as freeze injury, increase the weight of weeds harm, club root, the occurrence and harm degree of the disease pest and weeds such as aphid, cause yielding poorly and shakiness.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is just to provide a kind of rapeseed cultivation method.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A rapeseed cultivation method, comprises following aspect:

(1) breeding of selecting adaline to receive

Should select cracking resistance fruit, resistant to lodging, disease-resistant, plant is shorter, and plant type is compact, and minute higher, the main inflorescence result in minor matters position is close, the good rape variety of the characteristics such as angle fruit layer is concentrated, and angle fruit maturity is basically identical, concrete index: suitable plant height: be advisable with 1.5～1.6m;

(2) select suitable seeding method

Open ditch: furrow width is controlled in 10-13 centimetre, ditch is wider than 13 centimeters of machines that are not easy to and receives;

(3) sowing date for early sowing

Mainly be subject to the restriction of previous crops the sowing time of direct-sowing rape, after the preceding crop results such as late rice, early sowing in the time of should robbing, generally, in sowing the middle ten days and the last ten days in October, at the end of being no more than at the latest 10 months, it is quantitative by furrow that manual sowing need be mixed fine earth, cumbersome, also inhomogeneous;

(4) rational close planting

Select the field of mechanical harvest, sowing will strengthen seeding quantity on the basis of conventional seed planting amount, live field seeding quantity 400g, seeding quantity strengthens and can promote whole plant minute minor matters position to improve, primary branch increases, secondary branch is less, and maturity is more consistent, is convenient to mechanical harvest and reduction machine and receives percent of loss;

(5) apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure: urea 10kg, superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg for mu, spread fertilizer over the fields after boron fertilizer 1kg mixes and stirs; Topdress; In conjunction with final singling, gently execute jacquard weave fertilizer, mu adds urea 3kg with 300-500kg people's animal manure and waters and execute, before surviving the winter December 25 winter dressing, antifreezing heat insulation;

(6) chemical weed control

3-5 days prior to seeding, mu is watered 40 kilograms of sprayings with 50 0 milliliters of 10% glyphosates and slaughters zero-tillage rice field and old weeds; Broadcast the front weeding of rear seedling: after sowing earthing, close down, mu adds 40 kilograms of sprayings of water with resistance to this 40-60 milliliter of 90% standing grain; Weeding in seedling stage: as grassy weed, the mixed life of broad leaved weed, be watered 40kg with 17.5% sharp knife 100ml and spray in the rape 4-5 leaf phase;

(7) diseases and pests controlling rape damage by disease and insect mainly contains stalk break, downy mildew, aphid etc., at rape initial bloom stage mu, with the mould clever 100g of 40% powder, prevents and treats stalk break; Anti-eliminating aphis with the clean 20g/667 ㎡ of 5% aphid lice; The quality of the extermination of disease and insect pest, directly affects the uniformity of rape maturation;

(8) gather in the crops in good time

It is 95% left and right (seed dewaters completely) that machine is received the optimum maturity of rape, and because machine direct-sowing rape focuses mostly at first and second branch, maturity is more concentrated, is applicable to machine and receives, and also can reduce percent of loss; If maturity is widely different, can adopt medicament conditioning, reach machine and receive object;

(9) airing in time

Mechanical harvest is compared with artificial results, and the rape seed water content of mechanical harvest, than being greater than the large of artificial results, as airing not in time, should cause and go mouldy, and affects rape seed quality.

Advantage of the present invention is:

The rape of planting by method of the present invention, has reduced the loss of fertilizer, has reduced the consumption of chemical fertilizer, has improved fertilizer efficiency, by rational dense planting, yield of rape is significantly improved.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A rapeseed cultivation method, comprises following aspect:

(1) breeding of selecting adaline to receive

Should select cracking resistance fruit, resistant to lodging, disease-resistant, plant is shorter, and plant type is compact, and minute higher, the main inflorescence result in minor matters position is close, the good rape variety of the characteristics such as angle fruit layer is concentrated, and angle fruit maturity is basically identical, concrete index: suitable plant height: be advisable with 1.5～1.6m;

(2) select suitable seeding method

Open ditch: furrow width is controlled in 12 centimeters;

(3) sowing date for early sowing

Mainly be subject to the restriction of previous crops the sowing time of direct-sowing rape, after the preceding crop results such as late rice, early sowing in the time of should robbing, generally, in sowing the middle ten days and the last ten days in October, it is quantitative by furrow that manual sowing need be mixed fine earth, cumbersome, also inhomogeneous;

(4) rational close planting

Select the field of mechanical harvest, sowing will strengthen seeding quantity on the basis of conventional seed planting amount, live field seeding quantity 400g, seeding quantity strengthens and can promote whole plant minute minor matters position to improve, primary branch increases, secondary branch is less, and maturity is more consistent, is convenient to mechanical harvest and reduction machine and receives percent of loss;

(5) apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure: urea 10kg, superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg for mu, spread fertilizer over the fields after boron fertilizer 1kg mixes and stirs; Topdress; In conjunction with final singling, gently execute jacquard weave fertilizer, mu adds urea 3kg with 300-500kg people's animal manure and waters and execute, before surviving the winter December 25 winter dressing, antifreezing heat insulation;

(6) chemical weed control

3-5 days prior to seeding, mu is watered 40 kilograms of sprayings with 50 0 milliliters of 10% glyphosates and slaughters zero-tillage rice field and old weeds; Broadcast the front weeding of rear seedling: after sowing earthing, close down, mu adds 40 kilograms of sprayings of water with resistance to this 40-60 milliliter of 90% standing grain; Weeding in seedling stage: as grassy weed, the mixed life of broad leaved weed, be watered 40kg with 17.5% sharp knife 100ml and spray in the rape 4-5 leaf phase;

(7) diseases and pests controlling rape damage by disease and insect mainly contains stalk break, downy mildew, aphid etc., at rape initial bloom stage mu, with the mould clever 100g of 40% powder, prevents and treats stalk break; Anti-eliminating aphis with the clean 20g/667 ㎡ of 5% aphid lice; The quality of the extermination of disease and insect pest, directly affects the uniformity of rape maturation;

(8) gather in the crops in good time

It is 95% left and right (seed dewaters completely) that machine is received the optimum maturity of rape, and because machine direct-sowing rape focuses mostly at first and second branch, maturity is more concentrated, is applicable to machine and receives, and also can reduce percent of loss; If maturity is widely different, can adopt medicament conditioning, reach machine and receive object;

(9) airing in time

Mechanical harvest is compared with artificial results, and the rape seed water content of mechanical harvest, than being greater than the large of artificial results, as airing not in time, should cause and go mouldy, and affects rape seed quality.

Claims (1)

1. a rapeseed cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise following aspect:

(1) breeding of selecting adaline to receive

Should select cracking resistance fruit, resistant to lodging, disease-resistant, plant is shorter, and plant type is compact, and minute higher, the main inflorescence result in minor matters position is close, the good rape variety of the characteristics such as angle fruit layer is concentrated, and angle fruit maturity is basically identical, concrete index: suitable plant height: be advisable with 1.5～1.6m;

(2) select suitable seeding method

Open ditch: furrow width is controlled in 10-13 centimetre, ditch is wider than 13 centimeters of machines that are not easy to and receives;

(3) sowing date for early sowing

Mainly be subject to the restriction of previous crops the sowing time of direct-sowing rape, after the preceding crop results such as late rice, early sowing in the time of should robbing, generally, in sowing the middle ten days and the last ten days in October, at the end of being no more than at the latest 10 months, it is quantitative by furrow that manual sowing need be mixed fine earth, cumbersome, also inhomogeneous;

(4) rational close planting

Select the field of mechanical harvest, sowing will strengthen seeding quantity on the basis of conventional seed planting amount, live field seeding quantity 400g, seeding quantity strengthens and can promote whole plant minute minor matters position to improve, primary branch increases, secondary branch is less, and maturity is more consistent, is convenient to mechanical harvest and reduction machine and receives percent of loss;

(5) apply fertilizers scientifically

Base manure: urea 10kg, superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg for mu, spread fertilizer over the fields after boron fertilizer 1kg mixes and stirs; Topdress; In conjunction with final singling, gently execute jacquard weave fertilizer, mu adds urea 3kg with 300-500kg people's animal manure and waters and execute, before surviving the winter December 25 winter dressing, antifreezing heat insulation;

(6) chemical weed control

3-5 days prior to seeding, mu is watered 40 kilograms of sprayings with 50 0 milliliters of 10% glyphosates and slaughters zero-tillage rice field and old weeds; Broadcast the front weeding of rear seedling: after sowing earthing, close down, mu adds 40 kilograms of sprayings of water with resistance to this 40-60 milliliter of 90% standing grain; Weeding in seedling stage: as grassy weed, the mixed life of broad leaved weed, be watered 40kg with 17.5% sharp knife 100ml and spray in the rape 4-5 leaf phase;

(7) diseases and pests controlling rape damage by disease and insect mainly contains stalk break, downy mildew, aphid etc., at rape initial bloom stage mu, with the mould clever 100g of 40% powder, prevents and treats stalk break; Anti-eliminating aphis with the clean 20g/667 ㎡ of 5% aphid lice; The quality of the extermination of disease and insect pest, directly affects the uniformity of rape maturation;

(8) gather in the crops in good time

It is 95% left and right (seed dewaters completely) that machine is received the optimum maturity of rape, and because machine direct-sowing rape focuses mostly at first and second branch, maturity is more concentrated, is applicable to machine and receives, and also can reduce percent of loss; If maturity is widely different, can adopt medicament conditioning, reach machine and receive object;

(9) airing in time

Mechanical harvest is compared with artificial results, and the rape seed water content of mechanical harvest, than being greater than the large of artificial results, as airing not in time, should cause and go mouldy, and affects rape seed quality.