CN107409687A - A kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick - Google Patents
A kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick Download PDFInfo
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- CN107409687A CN107409687A CN201710462316.6A CN201710462316A CN107409687A CN 107409687 A CN107409687 A CN 107409687A CN 201710462316 A CN201710462316 A CN 201710462316A CN 107409687 A CN107409687 A CN 107409687A
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- waste mushroom
- field
- furrow
- seedling
- strawberry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick, belongs to field of plant growing technology.The method of the present invention successively accumulates the waste mushroom stick for divesting polybag, and ammonium hydrogen carbonate is added on every layer of waste mushroom stick surface, and waste mushroom stick piling height reaches 1~1.5m and sealed, spontaneous fermentation, obtains resolving into the waste mushroom of particle；Waste mushroom is spread fertilizer over the fields in field, turns over site preparation, is organized into furrow；Secondary spontaneous fermentation is carried out to the furrow covering agricultural film of arrangement；The planting strawberry seedling in the field of secondary spontaneous fermentation；The Strawberry Seedlings, which are cultivated, to be torn agricultural film from limes marginis 20cm and forms field planting mouth, is colonized 25~40d, and during Strawberry Seedlings pumping stolon, tearing agricultural film exposes stolon, when temperature is increased to more than 25 DEG C and female Miao great Liang pumpings stolon, removing mulch film；Tile waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer in the furrow face of the field.Methods described is reduced expenses, simple and easy, energy improved soil structure, while improves seedling quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick.
Background technology
The edible mushrooms such as factorial praluction mushroom, postpartum produce the waste mushroom stick that pile up like a mountain and can not find outlet, except part is shone
It is dry to be largely discarded in field as outside firewood fuel, heavy rain is run into, blocks river course, rot smelly pollution environment.
The nice and cool high mountain of high mountain half of southern summer strawberry nursery multiselect is carried out, and mountain area people and animals are rare, and organic fertilizer resource lacks, often
Use chemical fertilizer or organic commercial fertilizer.Commercial organic fertilizer is expensive, causes production cost high, and chemical fertilizer application imprudence can cause burning
Seedling, soil texture is destroyed, causes soil hardening, crawled Stem nematode so as to influence strawberry, influence Strawberry Seedlings growing way.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide the method for the cultivation Strawberry Seedlings of low cost, while this method has
Soil moisture content is kept, reduces weeds, improves soil texture, improves seedling quality.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
The invention provides a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick, comprise the following steps：
1) waste mushroom stick for divesting polybag is successively accumulated to obtain windrow, every layer of waste mushroom stick surface applies ammonium hydrogen carbonate, heap
Material sealing, 15~20d of spontaneous fermentation under the conditions of 60~70 DEG C of windrow temperature, obtain resolving into the waste mushroom of particle；
2) waste mushroom for resolving into particle for obtaining the step 1) is spread fertilizer over the fields in field, turns over site preparation, is organized into furrow,
Ditch is formed between two furrow；
3) secondary spontaneous fermentation is carried out after the upper agricultural film of furrow covering of the arrangement obtained to the step 2), obtains secondary nature
The field of fermentation；
4) planting strawberry mother's seedling in the field of the secondary spontaneous fermentation obtained in the step 3)；The cultivation of the strawberry mother seedling
It is that the spacing of every two plants of strawberries mother's seedling is 50~100cm from 18~23cm of limes marginis per furrow both sides to train position；Tear agricultural film and formed and determined
Plant mouth field planting；
5) step 4) obtains Strawberry Seedlings cultivate 25~40d, wide to furrow face during the strawberry mother seedling pumping stolon
Agricultural film is torn in direction, exposes stolon, while is broken with soil press mold, Anti-blow-open；When temperature is increased to more than 25 DEG C, and greatly
When measuring pumping stolon, mulch film is removed；A diameter of 25~30cm of the field planting mouth；
6) tile waste mushroom in the field furrow face that the step 5) is removed mulch film.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste mushroom stick of every layer of the step 1) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate is 25~50:1.
Preferably, the preceding crop of field is rice or more than 1 year waterflooding field in the step 2).
Preferably, the waste mushroom amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields that particle is resolved into the step 2) is 800~1200 kgs/acre.
Preferably, the width of furrow is 1.2~1.8m in the step 2), and the ditch depth of the furrow is 0.2~0.3cm；It is described
Upper a width of 40~60cm of ditch, the bottom width of the ditch is 30~40cm.
Preferably, the cultivation amount of strawberry mother's seedling is 600~1000 plants/acre in the step 3).
Preferably, when cultivating in the step 4) strawberry mother's seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction.
Preferably, weeding processing is carried out before field tiling waste mushroom in the step 6).
Preferably, the method mu of the step 6) weeding is sprayed with 60% 250~350ml of butachlor.
Preferably, the tiling of step 7) the waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer is highly 2~3cm.
The invention provides a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick, and high-quality strawberry seedling is cultivated using waste mushroom stick
Succeed, waste mushroom stick outer plastic bag is pulled out, successively accumulated, every layer sprinkles carbon ammonium, and hard waste mushroom stick will be certainly after spontaneous fermentation
It is dynamic to resolve into particle, then it is laid in Strawberry Nursery furrow face, is then managed strawberry nursery, due to more using cellulose
Fertilizer, subterranean pest-insect is more, the subterranean pest-insect such as attention control cutworm occur.Methods described is than traditional seedling method (useization
Fertilizer and organic commercial fertilizer) to reduce expenses, convenient material drawing is simple and easy, and can be reduced environmental pollution with improved soil structure,
The features such as improving seedling quality.
Meanwhile the present invention uses waste mushroom stick decomposition technique, is recycled with waste product, while earth's surface is covered, soil can be kept
Earth soil moisture content, weeds are reduced, save seedling cost, improve the purpose of seedling quality and Business Economic Benefit.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the field picture for applying waste mushroom in the present invention program；
Fig. 2 is the growing state that Strawberry Seedlings after mulch film are removed in the present invention program.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick, comprise the following steps：
1) waste mushroom stick for divesting polybag is successively accumulated to obtain windrow, every layer of waste mushroom stick surface applies ammonium hydrogen carbonate, heap
Material sealing, 15~20d of spontaneous fermentation under the conditions of 60~70 DEG C of windrow temperature, obtain resolving into the waste mushroom of particle；
2) waste mushroom for resolving into particle for obtaining the step 1) is spread fertilizer over the fields in field, turns over site preparation, is organized into furrow,
Ditch is formed between two furrow；
3) secondary spontaneous fermentation is carried out after the upper mulch film of furrow covering of the arrangement obtained to the step 2), obtains secondary nature
The field of fermentation；
4) planting strawberry mother's seedling in the field of the secondary spontaneous fermentation obtained in the step 3)；The cultivation of the strawberry mother seedling
It is that the spacing of every two plants of strawberries mother's seedling is 50~100cm from 18~23cm of limes marginis per furrow both sides to train position；Tear agricultural film and formed and determined
Plant mouth field planting；
5) step 4) obtains strawberry mother seedling cultivates 25~40d, and during the strawberry mother seedling pumping stolon, it is fixed to expand
Mouth is planted, exposes stolon, when temperature is increased to more than 25 DEG C and stolon largely occurs, removes mulch film；The field planting mouth
A diameter of 25~30cm；
6) tile waste mushroom in the field furrow face that the step 5) is removed mulch film.
The present invention successively accumulates the waste mushroom stick for divesting polybag to obtain windrow, and every layer of waste mushroom stick surface applies bicarbonate
Ammonium, windrow seal, 15~20d of spontaneous fermentation under the conditions of 60~70 DEG C, obtain resolving into the waste mushroom of particle.
In the present invention, the species of the waste mushroom stick is not particularly limited, using useless bacterium well-known to those skilled in the art
Rod.In the embodiment of the present invention, the species of the waste mushroom stick is preferably with cotton seed hulls class waste mushroom stick, based on corncob and wood chip
Waste mushroom stick.The material composition of the waste mushroom stick is as shown in table 1：
Each component content list in the waste mushroom stick of table 1
| Type | Crude protein (%) | Crude fat (%) | Crude fibre (%) | Ash content (%) |
| Based on cotton seed hulls | 9.8~11.85 | 3.8~4.2 | 31.5~32.1 | 10.12~10.50 |
| Corncob, wood chip | 4.8~6.5 | 12.6~14.9 | 28.19~29.12 | 5.3~5.42 |
In the present invention, the method successively accumulated is not particularly limited, using it is well-known to those skilled in the art by
The method of layer accumulation.Described every layer waste mushroom stick and the mass ratio of ammonium hydrogen carbonate are 25~50:1, more preferably 30：1.This
In invention, the ammonium hydrogen carbonate is preferably powder.The source of the ammonium hydrogen carbonate is not particularly limited using people in the art
Agricultural ammonium bicarbonate known to member.
In the present invention, the waste mushroom stick piling height is preferably 1~1.5m, more preferably 1.2m.
In the present invention, the method for the sealing preferably covers waste mushroom stick heap with agricultural film, and with stone or soil pressure
It is real, prevent from scratching film by wind.The mulch film is preferably white 0.1mm agricultural films.The size of the agricultural film preferably completely sealed reactor
Material.
In the present invention, preferred moisture regulation is to 60%~70% during the spontaneous fermentation.The temperature of the spontaneous fermentation is
60~70 DEG C more preferably 70 DEG C.The time of the spontaneous fermentation is 15~20d, more preferably 18d.
Obtain resolving into the waste mushroom of particle, the particle waste mushroom that resolves into is spread fertilizer over the fields in field, turned over by the present invention
Site preparation, furrow are organized into, ditch is formed between two furrow；The width of the furrow is 1.2~1.8m, the ditch depths of the furrow for 0.2~
0.3cm；Upper a width of 40~60cm of the ditch, the bottom width of the ditch is 30~40cm.
In the present invention, the field is preferably the field or the waterflooding field of more than 1 year that preceding crop is rice.Paddy field exists
Under anaerobic environment, suppress the various soil storage germ reproductions of strawberry, reduce the Probability of disease, reduce crop smothering.
In the present invention, the field, which applies to resolve into, preferred before particle waste mushroom carries out weeding processing.The side of the weeding
Method is not particularly limited, using herbicidal methods well-known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the method spread fertilizer over the fields is not particularly limited, using the side of spreading fertilizer over the fields well-known to those skilled in the art
Method.
In the present invention, the particle waste mushroom amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields that resolves into is preferably 800~1200 kgs/acre, more preferably
1000 kgs/acre.
In the present invention, the ploughed depth for ploughing deeply site preparation is preferably 20~30cm, more preferably 25cm.The site preparation
Method is not particularly limited, using method of soil preparation well-known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the width of the furrow is preferably 1.4~1.6m, preferred 1.5m.The ditch depth of the furrow is preferably
0.22~0.28cm, more preferably 0.25cm.The upper wide preferably 45~55cm, more preferably 50cm of the ditch.The ditch
Bottom width is preferably 32~38cm, more preferably 35cm.
The furrow of obtained arrangement, the present invention carry out secondary spontaneous fermentation after covering upper agricultural film to the furrow of the arrangement, obtained
The field of secondary spontaneous fermentation.
In the present invention, preferred spraying pesticide before agricultural film in the covering.The agricultural chemicals is preferably the agricultural chemicals of anti-subterranean pest-insect.
In the present invention, the method sprayed is not particularly limited, using spraying method well-known to those skilled in the art.The present invention
In, the agricultural chemicals of the anti-subterranean pest-insect is preferably chlopyrifos, phoxim or metrifonate.The dosage sprayed illustrates referring to agricultural chemicals
Book uses.
In the present invention, the agricultural film is preferably black agricultural membrane.The width of the black agricultural membrane is preferably greater than the width of furrow face
70~80cm is spent, the part of furrow face is had more, is easy to use soil press mold.
In the present invention, the temperature of the secondary spontaneous fermentation is preferably 45~55 DEG C, more preferably 50 DEG C.It is described it is secondary from
So fermentation is to carry out secondary spontaneous fermentation raising ground temperature using the waste mushroom of spring and summer sunlight and non-complete fermentation while field is disappeared
Poison.
After obtaining the field of secondary spontaneous fermentation, present invention planting strawberry in the field of the secondary spontaneous fermentation is female
Seedling；The cultivation position of the strawberry mother seedling be per furrow both sides from 18~23cm of limes marginis, the spacing of every two plants of strawberries mother's seedling for 50~
100cm.The kind of the strawberry mother seedling is the marketable kind in market, using the first generation parent species of tissue culture detoxification.
In the present invention, the cultural method is not particularly limited, and is using cultural method well known to those skilled in the art
Can.The cultivation amount of the strawberry mother seedling is preferably 600~1000 plants/acre, more preferably 700 plants/acre.The selection of the cultivation amount
Depending on different strawberry genotype, easily send out stolon less varieties parent species, otherwise on the contrary, short-day genotypic variety such as：Method
The kind mu such as Lan Di, red treasured sowing quantity is 600 plants, middle long-day genotypic variety such as Sheng Anteruisi, the sowing quantity such as A Er ratios
More than 800 plants, even more high.The cultural method of the strawberry mother seedling is preferably to be colonized per furrow both sides from 18~23cm of limes marginis,
More preferably 20cm；The spacing of every two plants of strawberries mother's seedling is preferably 50~100cm, more preferably 60cm.The strawberry mother seedling
The preferred single file plantation of short-day genotypic variety is cultivated, spacing 60cm, middle long-day genotypic variety is that duplicate rows plants spacing
100cm is advisable.In the present invention, between two furrow be one group, against a ditch both sides be colonized, so save resident time, in being also beneficial to after
Phase chemical weed control, improve operating efficiency.Pay attention to during the cultivation strawberry mother's seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, in favor of
During female Miao Kaifa stolons, ditch direction growth of supporting or opposing.Mulch film at the field planting mouth is real with soil pressure, prevents wind from entering from mouth, breaks
Bad mulch film.
Planting strawberry mother's after seedling, the present invention cultivate 25~40d, the strawberry mother seedling pumping stolon in the Strawberry Seedlings
When, expose stolon, mulch film is removed when temperature is increased to more than 25 DEG C, and stolon largely occurs；The field planting mouth
A diameter of 25~30cm.
In the present invention, the method for tearing agricultural film, torn using hand well-known to those skilled in the art or machinery is torn
The method of agricultural film.The direction for tearing agricultural film is preferably to wide furrow direction.
In the present invention, the purpose for removing mulch film is to prevent mulch film from making ground temperature is too high the danger of burn seedlings occur.
In the present invention, the diameter of the field planting mouth is preferably 25~30cm, more preferably 30cm.
Obtain cultivation have the field of Strawberry Seedlings after, the present invention to cultivation have Strawberry Seedlings field preferably carry out weeding.
In the present invention, the method for the weeding is preferably sprayed every mu of 250~350ml using 60% butachlor, more preferably
300ml。
After obtaining the field after weeding, tile waste mushroom in the furrow face of the field after the weeding.
In the present invention, the highly preferred tiling of the waste mushroom is 2~3cm, more preferably 2.5cm.
In the present invention, the effect of the tiling waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer covers earth's surface, can keep soil moisture content, controlling weeds.
A kind of method using waste mushroom stick planting strawberry seedling provided by the invention is carried out in detail with reference to embodiment
Illustrate, but they can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Cotton seed hulls class waste mushroom stick outer plastic bag is pulled out, successively accumulated, by 30:1 ratio, every layer sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate, together
When watering regulation moisture up to 65%, cover plastic sheeting after up to one meter, when fine daily mean temperature reaches 22 DEG C, fermentation
18 days, temperature will reach more than 60 degree, stiff waste mushroom stick will automatic classifying into particle.
Field selects：Field of the preceding crop for rice is selected, weeds cardinal sum strawberry pest and disease damage is reduced and occurs.
At the beginning of 3 months, with paraquat steriland herbicide, ridge and field periphery strawberry are killed.After weeds death,
Spread fertilizer over the fields waste mushroom stick 1000 kilograms of every mu of particle of fermentation, carry out turning over site preparation, be organized into it is wide 1.5 meters, it is long because of field depending on, ditch depth
0.25 centimetre, groove face is wide 50 centimetres, and bottom of trench is 35 centimetres of furrow, and spraying the agricultural chemicals of anti-subterranean pest-insect, (chlopyrifos dosage is with reference to making
With specification), black agricultural membrane is covered, limes marginis soil compaction, prevents from scratching film by wind, secondary hair is carried out with sunlight and fertilizer
Ferment improves ground temperature and carried out disinfection.
With mu with 600 plants of seedling (flange kind), mulch film is torn with hand, 60 centimetres of spacing, single file plantation, 20 lis from limes marginis
Meter, it is one group between two furrow, is colonized against a ditch both sides, so saves resident time, also beneficial to middle and later periods chemical weed control, improves work
Make efficiency.Pay attention to during field planting female seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, during in favor of female Miao Kaifa stolons, ditch side of supporting or opposing
To growth, mouth mulch film soil pressure reality is colonized in addition, prevents wind from entering from mouth, destroys mulch film.
When female seedling pumping stolon, mulch film is manually torn, width is depending on stolon length, and direction is towards the wide face side of furrow
To, it is and real with lower soil pressure, prevent wind from entering from mouth, when stolon largely takes out hair, during into summer high temperature, pack up mulch film, mu use
60% 300 milliliters of butachlor is sprayed, and at this moment using waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer, is laid in 2.5 centimetres of furrow face, can be kept soil moisture content,
It can prevent weeds from stretching again.
Embodiment 2
Waste mushroom stick outer plastic bag is pulled out, successively accumulated, by 20:1 ratio, every layer sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate, while the tune that waters
Moisture content covers black plastic film up to 60% after up to one meter, weather condition daily mean temperature reaches 24 DEG C, ferments 15 days,
Temperature will reach more than 65 degree, stiff waste mushroom stick will automatic classifying into particle.
Field selects：Field of the preceding crop for rice is selected, weeds cardinal sum strawberry pest and disease damage is reduced and occurs.
With phosphine oxamate steriland herbicide, ridge and field periphery strawberry are killed.After weeds death, spread fertilizer over the fields useless
1200 kilograms of every mu of bacteria stick, carry out turning over site preparation, be organized into it is wide 1.2 meters, it is long because of field depending on, 0.2 centimetre of ditch depth, groove face is wide by 40
Centimetre, bottom of trench is 30 centimetres of furrow, sprays the agricultural chemicals (phoxim dosage consults and uses specification) of anti-subterranean pest-insect, covers black
Agricultural film, limes marginis soil compaction, prevent from scratching film by wind, carrying out secondary fermentation raising ground temperature with sunlight and fertilizer is disappeared
Poison.
With mu with seedling 1000 plants (Sheng Anteruisi), mulch film, 100 centimetres of spacing, duplicate rows plantation, from limes marginis 23 are torn with hand
Centimetre.Pay attention to during field planting female seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, during in favor of female Miao Kaifa stolons, ditch direction of supporting or opposing
Growth, mouth mulch film soil pressure reality is colonized in addition, prevents wind from entering from mouth, destroys mulch film.
When female seedling pumping stolon, and manually tear mulch film, width depending on stolon length, tear for the first time for
50 centimetres of diameter, and real with lower soil pressure, prevents wind from entering from mouth, when stolon largely takes out hair, during into summer high temperature, packs up ground
Film, mu 60% butachlor, 350 milliliters of sprayings, while waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer is used, 3 centimetres of furrow face is laid in, soil can be kept
Soil moisture content, it can prevent weeds from stretching again.
Embodiment 3
Waste mushroom stick outer plastic bag is pulled out, successively accumulated, by 50:1 ratio, every layer sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate, while the tune that waters
Moisture content covers black plastic film up to 70% after up to one meter, fine daily mean temperature reaches 20 DEG C, general 20 days,
Temperature will reach more than 60 degree, stiff waste mushroom stick will automatic classifying into particle,
Field selects：Field of the preceding crop for rice is selected, weeds cardinal sum strawberry pest and disease damage is reduced and occurs.
With steriland herbicides such as phosphine oxamate or paraquats, ridge and field periphery strawberry are killed.It is dead Deng weeds
After dying, spread fertilizer over the fields 800 kilograms of every mu of waste mushroom stick, carry out turning over site preparation, be organized into it is wide 1.8 meters, it is long because of field depending on, 0.3 li of ditch depth
Rice, groove face is wide 60 centimetres, and bottom of trench is 40 centimetres of furrow, and spraying the agricultural chemicals of anti-subterranean pest-insect, (metrifonate dosage consults and uses explanation
Book), black agricultural membrane is covered, limes marginis soil compaction, prevents from scratching film by wind, secondary fermentation raising is carried out with sunlight and fertilizer
Ground temperature carries out disinfection.
Using mu seedling 700 plants (strawberry cultivars is red treasured), mulch film, 50 centimetres of spacing, single file plantation, from limes marginis are torn with hand
18 centimetres, it is one group between two furrow, is colonized against a ditch both sides, so saves resident time, also beneficial to middle and later periods chemical weed control, carry
High workload efficiency.Pay attention to during field planting female seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, during in favor of female Miao Kaifa stolons, support or oppose
Ditch direction grows, and is colonized mouth mulch film soil pressure reality in addition, prevents wind from entering from mouth, destroy mulch film.
When female seedling pumping stolon, and manually tear mulch film, width depending on stolon length, tear for the first time for
50 centimetres of diameter, and real with lower soil pressure, prevents wind from entering from mouth, when stolon largely takes out hair, during into summer high temperature, packs up ground
Film, mu 60% butachlor, 400 milliliters of sprayings, while waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer is used, 2 centimetres of furrow face is laid in, soil can be kept
Soil moisture content, it can prevent weeds from stretching.
Comparative example 1
Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated with chemical fertilizer and waste mushroom stick operating method is essentially identical；
Field selects：Field of the preceding crop for rice is selected, weeds cardinal sum strawberry pest and disease damage is reduced and occurs.
With paraquat steriland herbicide, ridge and field periphery strawberry are killed.After weeds death, turned over
Plough site preparation, be organized into it is wide 1.5 meters, it is long because of field depending on, 0.25 centimetre of ditch depth, groove face is wide 50 centimetres, and bottom of trench is 35 centimetres of furrow,
The agricultural chemicals (chlopyrifos dosage consults and uses specification) of anti-subterranean pest-insect is sprayed, black agricultural membrane is covered, limes marginis soil compaction, prevents
Film is only scratched by wind.
With mu with 600 plants of seedling (flange kind), mulch film is torn with hand, 60 centimetres of spacing, single file plantation, 20 lis from limes marginis
Meter, it is one group between two furrow, is colonized against a ditch both sides, so saves resident time, also beneficial to middle and later periods chemical weed control, improves work
Make efficiency.Pay attention to during field planting female seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, during in favor of female Miao Kaifa stolons, ditch side of supporting or opposing
To growth, mouth mulch film soil pressure reality is colonized in addition, prevents wind from entering from mouth, destroys mulch film.It is colonized after surviving with 0.5% urea water
Pouring root, every 5 days 1 time, continuous 3 times,
When female seedling pumping stolon, mulch film is manually torn, width is torn to be straight for the first time depending on stolon length
50 centimetres of footpath, direction is and real with lower soil pressure towards the wide face direction of furrow, prevents wind from entering from mouth, when stolon largely takes out hair, into summer
During high temperature, mulch film, mu 60% butachlor, 300 milliliters of sprayings are packed up, and keep furrow face to moisten.One month or so miscellaneous can be prevented
Grass.
Into 6, July, the temperature rises, a large amount of pumpings of strawberry stolon, auxiliary full furrow face, spreads fertilizer over the fields furrow with NPK
Face, such as high temperature, easily cause burn seedlings, applied before majority 9 points of Summer Morning of selection with the dusk, use selective herbicide weeding.
Comparative example 2
It is identical with waste mushroom stick operating method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated with organic fertilizer
Field selects：Field of the preceding crop for rice is selected, weeds cardinal sum strawberry pest and disease damage is reduced and occurs.
With steriland herbicides such as phosphine oxamate or paraquats, ridge and field periphery strawberry are killed.It is dead Deng weeds
After dying, spread fertilizer over the fields 1000 kilograms of organic commercial fertilizer, carry out turning over site preparation, be organized into it is wide 1.8 meters, it is long because of field depending on, 0.3 li of ditch depth
Rice, groove face is wide 60 centimetres, and bottom of trench is 40 centimetres of furrow, and spraying the agricultural chemicals of anti-subterranean pest-insect, (metrifonate dosage consults and uses explanation
Book), black agricultural membrane is covered, limes marginis soil compaction, prevents from scratching film by wind, secondary fermentation raising is carried out with sunlight and fertilizer
Ground temperature carries out disinfection.
Using mu seedling 700 plants (strawberry cultivars is red treasured), mulch film, 70 centimetres of spacing, single file plantation, from limes marginis are torn with hand
18 centimetres, it is one group between two furrow, is colonized against a ditch both sides, so saves resident time, also beneficial to middle and later periods chemical weed control, carry
High workload efficiency.Pay attention to during field planting female seedling have stolon attachment region towards ditch direction, during in favor of female Miao Kaifa stolons, support or oppose
Ditch direction grows, and is colonized mouth mulch film soil pressure reality in addition, prevents wind from entering from mouth, destroy mulch film.
When female seedling pumping stolon, and manually tear mulch film, width depending on stolon length, tear for the first time for
50 centimetres of diameter, and real with lower soil pressure, prevents wind from entering from mouth, when stolon largely takes out hair, during into summer high temperature, packs up ground
Film, mu 60% butachlor, 400 milliliters of sprayings, and keep furrow face to moisten.The weeds of one month or so can be prevented.
Into 6, July, the temperature rises, a large amount of pumpings of strawberry stolon, auxiliary full furrow face, pipe is carried out using artificial uprooting weed
Reason.
Embodiment 4
The Strawberry Seedlings that embodiment 1~3 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are cultivated carry out quality testing, wherein quality testing bag
Include breeding sub- seedling number (strain), sub- seedling leaf number, root system situation and sub- seedling fresh weight.As a result it is as shown in table 2.
2. different method for culturing seedlings of table influence on the sub- seedling quality of strawberry
Note：April 10 was colonized, in the lifting researching determining of September 15 then
It can be drawn from upper table 2, the female seedling of every plant in same breed handled using waste mushroom breeds sub- seedling number, sub- seedling leaf
Several, sub- seedling weight and root system situation are more than or are significantly improved better than the processing using chemical fertilizer, seedling quality and quantity,
More preferred than commodity in use organic fertilizer, this may not have ground mulching relevant with commodity in use organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 5
The Strawberry Seedlings that embodiment 1~3 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are cultivated carry out soil moisture detection, including soil
Loamy texture, soil moisture content, table soil situation and sub- seedling growing state.As a result it is as shown in table 3.
3. different method for culturing seedlings of table are to soil water regime and the influence of sub- seedling growth
Note：Investigated in table for 3 fine day noons after open country nursery rain in June, take table soil 0-5cm multi-site determinations averagely to plant.
In data from table 3, waste mushroom covering can significantly improve soil moisture content, make table soil moistening loose, be sub- seedling
Growth creates conditions.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that Strawberry Seedlings are cultivated using waste mushroom stick, is comprised the following steps：
1) waste mushroom stick for divesting polybag is successively accumulated to obtain windrow, every layer of waste mushroom stick surface applies ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and windrow is close
Envelope, 15~20d of spontaneous fermentation under the conditions of 60~70 DEG C of windrow temperature, obtain resolving into the waste mushroom of particle；
2) waste mushroom for resolving into particle for obtaining the step 1) is spread fertilizer over the fields in field, turns over site preparation, is organized into furrow, two furrow
Between form ditch；
3) secondary spontaneous fermentation is carried out after covering agricultural film on the furrow of the arrangement obtained to the step 2), obtains secondary spontaneous fermentation
Field；
4) strawberry mother's seedling is colonized in the field of the secondary spontaneous fermentation obtained in the step 3)；The field planting mouth distance of strawberry mother's seedling
Per furrow both sides from 18~23cm of limes marginis, the spacing of every two plants of strawberries mother's seedling is 50~100cm；The field planting mouth is by tearing agricultural film
Formed；
5) step 4) obtains strawberry mother seedling cultivates 25~40d, during the strawberry mother seedling pumping stolon, to furrow wide portion
Agricultural film is torn, expands field planting mouth, exposes stolon, when temperature is increased to more than 25 DEG C and stolon largely occurs, is removed
Agricultural film；A diameter of 25~30cm of the field planting mouth；
6) tile waste mushroom in the field furrow face that the step 5) is removed mulch film.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste mushroom stick of every layer of the step 1) and the matter of ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Amount is than being 25~50:1.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that field includes preceding crop for rice in the step 2)
Field or more than 1 year waterflooding field.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the waste mushroom amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of particle is resolved into the step 2)
For 800~1200 kgs/acre.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the width of furrow is 1.2~1.8m in the step 2), furrow
Ditch depth is 0.2~0.3cm；Upper a width of 40~60cm of the ditch, the bottom width of the ditch is 30~40cm.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 3) the cultivation amount of strawberry mother seedling be 600~
1000 plants/acre.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that strawberry mother's seedling has stolon when being cultivated in the step 4)
Raw point towards ditch direction.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that carry out weeding before field tiling waste mushroom in the step 6)
Processing.
9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that 60% butachlor of the method mu of the step 6) weeding
250~350ml sprays.
10. according to the method described in claim 1~9 any one, it is characterised in that step 7) the waste mushroom stick granulated fertilizer is put down
Paving height is 2~3cm.
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| CN103030446A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Method for producing culture medium through taking edible fungi waste bacteria sticks as raw materials |
| CN103461085A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 天津市宏胜源食用菌科技发展有限公司 | Method for culturing green plants by using waste bacteria sticks |
| CN104041272A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-09-17 | 郎溪县圣川蔬果专业合作社 | Pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method |
| CN105746154A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-07-13 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method of greenhouse strawberries |
| CN106577226A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 湖州吴兴金农生态农业发展有限公司 | Special strawberry seedling cultivating substrate |
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| CN103030446A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Method for producing culture medium through taking edible fungi waste bacteria sticks as raw materials |
| CN103461085A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 天津市宏胜源食用菌科技发展有限公司 | Method for culturing green plants by using waste bacteria sticks |
| CN104041272A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-09-17 | 郎溪县圣川蔬果专业合作社 | Pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method |
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