CN107484529B

CN107484529B - Facility strawberry multi-year one-planting method

Info

Publication number: CN107484529B
Application number: CN201710837800.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 糜林; 万春雁; 陈雪平; 李金凤; 霍恒志; 陈丙义; 狄华涛; 吴华蕾
Original assignee: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Current assignee: Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Priority date: 2017-09-15
Filing date: 2017-09-15
Publication date: 2021-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-15
Also published as: CN107484529A

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility strawberry multi-year one-planting method, which comprises the steps of selecting mother seedlings according to the proportion that 1 seedling is reserved for 12 seedlings after fruit picking is finished; respectively planting 11 stolons and sub-seedlings generated before and after the mother seedlings on two sides of ridges to form triangular cultivation and planting, inducing and planting the stolons and sub-seedlings which are cultured into 2-3 leaves according to the distance of the plant row spacing of 15-23 cm, cutting off all stolons connected with the sub-seedlings after the 3 rd-level sub-seedlings of the 9 th stolons are unfolded with 2 new leaves to form independent nutrient individuals, simultaneously excavating the mother seedlings with roots, filling the excavated positions with soil or a matrix, and finally inducing and planting the 3 rd-level sub-seedlings of the 9 th stolons at the positions of the mother seedlings.

Description

Facility strawberry multi-year one-planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry cultivation, in particular to a facility strawberry multi-year one-cultivation method.

Background

Strawberry varieties are very many, and the quality difference of the varieties is very large. All the valuable planting varieties at present are artificially cultivated varieties, and the characters of the valuable planting varieties are unstable and are easy to be hybridized and mutated. In particular, the newer and better breed traits tend to be less stable. Therefore, even if the quality of the mother plant and the fruit is very good, the offspring of the seeds can be greatly changed and even have very poor quality. The method for raising the seedlings by using the seeds also has the problems, but the stem-walking breeding has no problems, and the female parent characters can be completely reserved, so the strawberry breeding method is generally adopted.

In addition, strawberries can be propagated by division. If the plants are strong, the strawberries can be divided into a plurality of plants by themselves and then are planted separately. The stock division propagation can also completely keep the female parent character, but the number of the stock division is closely related to the variety and the health degree of the plant. For example, the forest strawberry plant division capability is very strong, and a dense cluster can be formed in a short time. Relatively speaking, the division capacity of the strawberries in four seasons is much stronger than that of the strawberries in one season. More plants can be obtained by means of the own plant division propagation of the strawberries, but the plants are disorderly and are not suitable for the facility strawberry planting.

For facility strawberries, at present, conventional facility strawberry cultivation needs links such as seedling raising every year, greenhouse soil high-temperature greenhouse disinfection after fruit picking, field planting for seedling production after ridge forming in autumn and the like. Not only the nursery garden with 20% -30% of the field planting area is required to be taken out every year and is specially used for seedling culture, but also the procedures of ridge breaking, ridge making, field planting and the like are required to be carried out every year, and the operation is very laborious and tedious.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the facility strawberry multi-year one-planting method, a special seedling nursery is not needed, the complicated ridge making and transplanting process is also omitted, the labor and the force are saved, and the strawberry planting cost is greatly reduced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for facility strawberry cultivation for multiple years adopts a method for updating seedling cultivation in a sitting place, only seedling cultivation is adopted in the first year, additional propagation is not needed, and only stolons are adopted for propagation. As with conventional seedling and transplanting, the invention also requires that the size and specification of the seedlings reach a certain standard and are neat and consistent, so that the differentiation time of the flower buds of the seedlings fixedly planted in the fruit picking field can be ensured to be about the same, otherwise, the differentiation periods of the flower buds are different, and the influence on the yield is great. In order to culture the seedlings with the same size, only 1 seedling is needed for each stolon, 11 stolons are generated for each mother seedling, and the seedlings with 2-3 leaves are uniformly used for inducing and planting in the last 7 months. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of mother seedlings

After the fruit picking is finished, selecting a plant which is strong in growth and free from diseases and insect pests as a mother seedling according to the proportion that 1 plant is reserved for 12 plants, pulling out all redundant plants, and removing inflorescence stalks from the selected and reserved plant;

(2) culturing stolons and inducing and planting

Continuously culturing the selected mother seedlings, wherein 1 st to 4 th stolons seedlings generated in the early stage of the mother seedlings are fixedly planted at No. 1 to No. 4 positions, 5 th to 9 th stolons seedlings generated in the middle stage are fixedly planted at No. 5 to No. 9 positions, and 10 th and 11 th stolons seedlings generated in the later stage are fixedly planted at No. 10 and No. 11 positions on the left and right sides of the mother seedlings; planting two rows of stolon seedlings on each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 25-30 cm, the plant spacing is 15-23 cm, the seedlings are cultivated and planted in a triangular mode, and after the seedlings take roots and survive, 3 leaves are left for mother seedlings to pick leaves;

wherein the early stage is ten days of 6 months, the middle stage is ten days of 6 months, and the late stage is ten days of 7 months;

(3) cutting the young seedling from mother seedling

After the 3 rd-level sub-seedlings of the 9 th stolons are unfolded with 2 new leaves, all the stolons connected with the sub-seedlings are cut off to become independent nutritional individuals, the mother seedlings are dug out with roots, the dug-out positions are filled with soil or a matrix, and finally the 3 rd-level sub-seedlings of the 9 th stolons are used for inducing and planting at the mother seedling positions.

Preferably, the selected time of the mother seedlings is ten days of 6 months, and the time of inducing permanent planting is ten days of 7 months; the time for cutting the young seedlings from the mother seedlings is 7 last ten days.

The specific method for culturing the stolons comprises the following steps:

and reserving 3-grade seedlings from the 1 st to 4 th stolons, pinching the tips of the stolons, inducing and planting the 3 rd-grade seedlings, and reserving 1 leaf after picking the 1 st and 2 nd-grade seedlings. Reserving 2-grade seedlings from the 5 th to 9 th stolons, pinching the tips of the stolons, inducing and planting the 2 nd-grade seedlings, and reserving 1 leaf after picking the 1 st-grade seedlings; wherein, the front end of the 9 th stolon does not pick off the center and continues to grow the 3 rd-grade seedling.

The positions 1-4 can be interchanged at will, and in the actual attracting and planting process, the principle of interchange is to determine which root is planted in the positions 1-4 according to the length of the stolons 1-4, the long planting is carried out in the position far away from the mother seedling, the near planting is carried out in the position close to the mother seedling, and the

positions

10 and 11 can be interchanged; the positions 5-8 can be exchanged at will, and the principle of the exchange is the same as the above. In general, in practical cases, 1-4 stolons are formed when selecting the mother plant, the stolons formed earlier are generally longer and are all over 50cm, and the position of the mother plant is reserved in the middle of 12 plants, the position is selected generally according to the principle that the No. 1-4 planting points are selected at the rightmost position of the mother plant, and the distance from the mother plant is far as possible when inoculating the plant.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with the conventional seedling transplanting method, the cultivation method realizes the one-year-planting of the strawberries, does not need a special seedling nursery, saves the fussy ridge-making transplanting procedure, saves labor and force, greatly reduces the strawberry cultivation cost, and has the yield equivalent to that of the conventional cultivation.

At present, the cultivation area of facility strawberries in Jiangsu province is about 25 ten thousand mu, if the cultivation mode test of 'one cultivation for many years' is successfully popularized, about 5 thousand mu of seedling cultivation land can be saved for the whole province every year, the land is used for cultivating other field crops, the per mu yield benefit is calculated by 500 yuan, and the annual net increase social benefit can be more than 2500 yuan; and in addition, the field for field planting of strawberries saves 80 yuan for ridge breaking, 200 yuan for ridge making and 180 yuan for field planting, and can save labor and cost by 460 yuan per mu every year. The two items can be combined to be 9860 ten thousand yuan of annual net increase social benefit of the strawberry industry in the whole province.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a planting pattern employed by strawberries of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of strawberry seedling retention according to the present invention;

in the figure, the positions of 1-No. 1, 2-No. 2, 3-No. 3, 4-No. 4, 5-No. 5, 6-No. 6, 7-No. 7, 8-No. 8, 9-No. 9, 10-No. 10, 11-No. 11 and 12-mother seedlings are shown.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained by means of specific embodiments, however, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

The test is carried out in 2015-5-2016-5 in strawberry test garden of Zhenjiang agricultural science research institute in Jiangsu hilly area, and the variety to be tested is 'Hongyan'.

A method for planting strawberries in a facility for multiple years includes the steps of adopting a method for replacing seedling in a sitting place, using only 1 seedling for each creeping stem except for the 9 th creeping stem in order to culture the seedlings with the same size, generating 11 creeping stems for each mother seedling, and uniformly using 2-3 leaves of the seedlings for inducing and planting in the last ten days of 7 months. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of mother seedlings

(2) stolon culture

Continuously culturing the selected mother seedlings for 5 days after 6 months, and planting the stolon seedlings generated by the mother seedlings on two ridges respectively to form triangular cultivation planting (as shown in figure 1, the positions of every three strawberries on the two ridges in the figure form a triangle); 1 to 4 stolons occurring in the early stage of the mother seedling are respectively planted in the No. 1 (1), No. 2 (2), No. 3 (3) and No. 4 (4), 5 to 9 stolons occurring in the middle stage are respectively planted in the No. 5 (5), No. 6 (6), No. 7 (7), No. 8 (8) and No. 9 (9) positions, wherein 10 th and 11 th stolons occurring in the later stage are planted in the No. 10 (10) and No. 11 (11) positions on the left and right sides adjacent to the mother seedling (as shown in FIG. 2); and reserving 3-grade seedlings from the 1 st to 4 th stolons, pinching the tips of the stolons, inducing and planting the 3 rd-grade seedlings, and reserving 1 leaf after picking the 1 st and 2 nd-grade seedlings. Reserving 2-grade seedlings from the 5 th to 9 th stolons, pinching the tips of the stolons, inducing and planting the 2 nd-grade seedlings, and reserving 1 leaf after picking the 1 st-grade seedlings; wherein, the front end of the 9 th stolon does not pick off the center and continues to grow the 3 rd-grade seedling.

7, 6 days after 7 months, inducing and planting the stolon seedlings cultured into 2-3 leaves according to the row spacing of 20cm, and after the seedlings take roots and survive, leaving 3 leaves for the mother seedlings to pick off the leaves;

positions

10 and 11 can be interchanged; the No. 5 to 8 positions can be exchanged at will, and the exchange principle is the same as that of the position;

(3) cutting the young seedling from mother seedling

And 7, after 25 days after 7 months, cutting off the stolons connected with the seedlings after the 3 rd-level seedlings of the 9 th stolons are unfolded with 2 new leaves to enable the seedlings to become independent nutrient individuals, simultaneously digging out the parent seedlings along with roots, filling the dug seedlings with soil or a matrix, and finally inducing and planting the 3 rd-level seedlings of the 9 th stolons in the parent seedling positions (12).

In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the applicant also performed the following tests, in particular:

in 8 th late month of 2016, randomly selecting different areas in a strawberry test greenhouse of Zhenjiang academy of agricultural sciences, and planting strawberries bred by seedlings growing on stolons generated by high-frame reserved high-quality mother seedlings (the method of the invention) marked as a. And 5, in the last 9 th month, carrying out field planting by using the traditional nursery selected strawberry seedlings, and marking as b.

1. Post-planting management

Fully and manually watering within one week after planting to ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, and taking the condition of no waterlogging due to dampness as a standard. And removing the diseased leaves, old leaves, etiolated leaves and the stolons in time. And removing the diseased plants in time. Mulching film is covered in time before budding, and the mulching film is preferably black and is used for controlling soil temperature and inhibiting the growth of weeds. The strawberry has high demand for water and fertilizer, the fertilizer is required to be applied and watered in time, a drip irrigation mode under a film is adopted, the fertilizer and water drip irrigation is carried out for about 5 times in the whole growth period, the application of the nitrogen fertilizer is not required to be too much, and the application of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and some trace elements is mainly carried out. The test greenhouse is provided with three layers of films, and the number of the film layers is adjusted in time according to different temperatures at different time intervals to adjust the temperature to a degree suitable for the growth of the strawberries.

Because the greenhouse is closed for a long time, the air flowability is poor, the condition of strawberry pollination is not good, and deformed fruits are generated, so that people need to cultivate a peak in the greenhouse to carry out supplementary pollination, and often a standard greenhouse is used for cultivating a box of bees.

2. Pest management

Strawberry is very susceptible to diseases and insect pests. Common strawberry diseases include root rot, withering disease, bacterial wilt, anthracnose and the like. Common strawberry pests include red spiders, grubs, cutworms, aphids, snails, mole crickets, etc. (2016). In prevention and treatment, people mainly take prevention as well as comprehensive prevention and treatment. Firstly, physical control is adopted, and plant diseases and insect pests of strawberries can be reduced by timely discovering and removing diseased leaves of diseased plants, manually catching insects, catching insects with color-inducing plates and insect-killing lamps and the like. In the aspect of chemical control, a pesticide with low toxicity or even no toxicity, preferably a biological pesticide, is selected for control. The interval service life of the pesticide is improved as much as possible.

3. Harvesting

As the strawberries are ripe in batches sequentially, the strawberries are also harvested in batches, harvested at about dusk every day, the temperature is low, mechanical damage is not easy to cause, and the strawberries with the top ends colored and proper hardness are harvested. And putting the harvested fruits into a clean fruit packaging box.

4. Observing and determining the relevant data

And observing and recording the bud development period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the strawberries treated by different treatments. In the harvesting period of the strawberries, 3 representative plants in each repetition of the treatment are selected and measured for plant height, crown width, leaf length, leaf width, leaf stalk length, leaf stalk thickness, inflorescence stalk length, inflorescence stalk thickness, flower stalk length and flower stalk thickness. And carefully observing whether diseased seedlings exist or not in the whole growth period of the strawberries, immediately removing the diseased seedlings once the diseased seedlings are found, replanting new seedlings in time and recording the number of the diseased seedlings, wherein the transplanted new seedlings are marked to avoid repeated counting and increase the disease susceptibility of the strawberries. Before the strawberry harvest period, 3 representative plants were selected and labeled in each repetition of each treatment, and the fruits produced from each labeled plant were closely attended to immediate harvest and the hardness, sugar content and weight of the harvested fruits were measured and recorded.

The specific measurement method is as follows:

and bud development period: and observing and counting the date of the bud emergence of 25% of the plants.

Beginning of flowering period: the date when 5% of the plants had flowers open was observed and counted.

Full-bloom stage: the date that 75% of the plants had flowers open was observed and counted.

Plant height: the natural height from the ground to the highest blade is measured with a ruler.

The length of the blade is as follows: the length from the base of the central lobule of the third leaf counted outward from the central unfolded leaf to the tip of the leaf is measured by a ruler.

The width of the blade is as follows: the width of the widest part of the central small leaf of the third leaf from the central unfolded leaf to the outside is measured by a vernier caliper.

Length of petiole: the length from the leaf supporting sheath to the leaflet where the third leaf is located from the central unfolded leaf to the outer is measured by a vernier caliper.

Length and width of petiole: the width of the widest part of the leaf stem of the third leaf from the central unfolded leaf to the outside is measured by a ruler.

The inflorescence peduncle is long: the length of the first inflorescence of the strawberry from the plant base to the first divergent part of the inflorescence was measured with a ruler.

And (3) thickening inflorescence stems: the diameter of the first inflorescence of strawberry from the plant base to the middle of the first branch of the inflorescence is measured by a vernier caliper.

The flower stalk is long: the length of the base of the first flower of the first inflorescence to the position where the flower diverges on the inflorescence peduncle is measured by a vernier caliper.

And (3) rough pedicel: the diameter of the base of the first flower of the first inflorescence to the middle of the flower between the branches on the inflorescence peduncle was measured with a vernier caliper.

Yield: in the annual growth period of the strawberries, the weight of the strawberry fruits produced by a single plant is the yield. And measuring the weight of each strawberry in the whole growth period of the selected and marked strawberry plant by using an electronic scale, recording, and adding the weight of the fruit of each strawberry after the strawberry is harvested to obtain the yield of the strawberry.

Hardness: after the strawberries are harvested, several strawberry fruits are randomly extracted for each treatment, the hardness tester is held by a hand, a pressure head of the hardness tester is perpendicular to a half part of a longitudinal stem of the strawberry fruits, the pressure head is uniformly pressed into the strawberry fruits, the pressure head stops pressing down when pressing to a scale mark, and the reading pointed by the pointer is the hardness of the strawberries at the moment.

Sugar degree: after the strawberries are harvested, randomly extracting a plurality of strawberry fruits for each treatment, extruding liquid of the whole strawberries, uniformly mixing the liquid and the liquid, and placing the liquid in a saccharimeter, wherein the reading of the saccharimeter is the saccharinity of the strawberries.

5. Experimental data were processed and analyzed for variance using excel and sps software. The specific test results are as follows:

(1) the influence of different field planting seedlings on the bud development period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the strawberries

Firstly, counting the total strains treated differently, observing and recording the number of the strains which bud and flower in the strawberries at different periods. The bud development period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the strawberries treated in different ways are calculated according to the data processing standard, and table 1 is obtained.

TABLE 1 bud, initial and full flowering phases of strawberries

As can be seen from Table 1, the bud development period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the strawberries treated by the treatment a are earlier than those of the strawberries treated by the treatment b, but the full flowering periods of the strawberries are not greatly different, which indicates that the bud development period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the strawberries treated by the method are earlier than those of strawberries bred and planted in a common nursery.

(2) Influence of different field planting seedlings on growth condition of strawberries in harvesting period

The physiological indices of 2 treated strawberry plants were determined at the time the strawberry just entered the harvest stage of the first inflorescence harvest and are shown in table 2.

As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height, crown width, leaf length, leaf width, leaf stalk length, root stem thickness, inflorescence stem length, inflorescence stem thickness and inflorescence thickness of the strawberry treated by the treatment b are not significantly different from those of the strawberry treated by the treatment a. This shows that the growth potential of the strawberries adopting the method of the invention in the harvest period is not different from the strawberries bred and planted in a common nursery.

TABLE 2 physiological indices of strawberry harvest time (unit: cm)

Note: different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments at the 0.05 level; the same applies below.

(3) Influence of different field planting seedlings on strawberry blight morbidity

The total number of the strawberry plants treated differently and the number of susceptible plants of blight in the whole strawberry growth period were counted, and the incidence of blight was calculated and shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 strawberry blight incidence

From Table 3 we can see that the incidence of blight in strawberry plants treated with b is significantly higher than that in strawberry plants treated with a. Namely, the incidence rate of the blight of the strawberries planted by the method is obviously lower than that of strawberries bred and planted in a common nursery.

(4) Effect of different field planting seedlings on strawberry quality

Table 4 was obtained by measuring the hardness and sugar content of the strawberries treated differently.

TABLE 4 hardness and sugar degree of strawberry

It can be seen from table 4 that the hardness and sugar degree of the fruits of the strawberries treated a and b were not significantly different. That is, the hardness of the strawberry fruits planted by the method has no significant difference with the hardness and the sugar degree of the strawberry fruits bred and planted in the ordinary nursery.

(5) Effect of different field planting seedlings on strawberry yield

The yield per plant of the strawberries treated differently was counted to obtain table 5.

TABLE 5 strawberry yield analysis

From Table 5, we can see that the average fruit number, average fruit weight and average yield of the treated b strawberries are not significantly different from those of the treated a strawberries. The yield and the weight average of single fruits of the strawberries planted by the method have no significant difference with the strawberries bred and planted in a common nursery.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and simplifications made in the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for facility strawberry multi-year one-time cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selection of mother seedlings

(2) culturing stolons and inducing and planting

Continuously culturing the selected mother seedlings, and inoculating the seedlings according to the generation rule that the stolon of the strawberry seedling is grown in the stolon early stage and is shorter and shorter in the middle and later stages by adopting a principle of from far to near when inoculating the seedling; 3 plants are fixedly planted on the right side of the parent plant, 2 plants are fixedly planted on the left side of the parent plant, 6 plants are fixedly planted on the adjacent ridges of the ridge where the parent plant is located, and every three strawberry plants between the ridges are cultivated and fixedly planted in a triangular shape; the specific culture method comprises the following steps:

1-4 stolons seedlings which occur in the early stage of the mother seedlings, wherein two seedlings are planted at the positions of the 2 nd and 3 rd plants on the right side of the mother seedlings, and the other two seedlings are planted at the positions of the 5 th and 6 th plants counted from the left side of the adjacent ridges; 5-8 stolon seedlings in the middle period, wherein one of the 5 th-8 th stolon seedlings is fixedly planted at the position of the 2 nd plant on the left side of the mother seedling, and the other 3 stolon seedlings are fixedly planted at the positions of the 1 st-3 rd plants counted from the left side of the adjacent ridges; the 9 th stolon seedling which occurs in the middle period is fixedly planted at the position of the 4 th plant from the left on the adjacent ridge, and the 3 rd plant, the 4 th plant and the mother seedling from the left on the adjacent ridge form triangular permanent planting; respectively planting 10 th and 11 th stolon seedlings generated in the later period at the 1 st positions on the left and right sides of the mother seedlings; the distance between two creeping stem seedlings at adjacent positions on the same ridge is 15-23 cm, and after the seedlings root and survive, 3 leaves are left for the mother seedlings to pick leaves;

(3) cutting the young seedling from mother seedling

2. The method for facility strawberry perennial one-planting according to claim 1, wherein the selected time of the mother seedling is ten days 6 months, and the time for inducing permanent planting is ten days 7 months; the time for cutting the young seedlings from the mother seedlings is 7 last ten days.

3. The facility strawberry perennial one-planting method according to claim 1, wherein the 1 st to 4 th stolons leave 3-stage seedlings, the tips of the stolons are cored, the 3 rd-stage seedlings are used for inducing and planting, and 1 leaf is left after the 1 st and 2-stage seedlings are leaf-removed.

4. The facility strawberry perennial one-planting method according to claim 1, wherein the 5 th to 9 th stolons leave class 2 seedlings, the tips of the stolons are cored, the class 2 seedlings are used for inducing and planting, and 1 leaf is left after the class 1 seedlings are subjected to leaf picking; wherein, the front end of the 9 th stolon does not pick off the center and continues to grow the 3 rd-grade seedling.

5. The facility strawberry perennial one-cropping method according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the 1 st to 4 th stolons are arbitrarily interchanged, and the positions of the 10 th and 11 th stolons are interchanged; the positions of the 5 th to 8 th stolon seedlings can be interchanged at will.

6. The method for facility strawberry perennial one planting according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the early stage is ten days 6, the middle stage is ten days 6, and the late stage is ten days 7.