CN104885729B8 - Selenium-rich planting method for radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain and special selenium-rich fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-rich planting method for radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain and a special selenium-rich fertilizer. The method comprises three steps of young seedling and seminal root cultivation of the radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain, selenium-rich mature seedling cultivation and management of the radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain and harvesting and processing. The special selenium-rich fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following substances in percentage by weight: 25% of controlled release urea with controlled release time of 180d, 9% of calcium superphosphate, 15% of potassium sulfate, 25% of humic acid, 25% of a fully fermented pepper stalk and chrysanthemum straw mixture, 0.5% of sodium selenite and 0.5% of calcium oxide. According to the method, the special selenium-rich fertilizer for soil and the radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain is applied to the soil, and inorganic selenium is absorbed and converted by the radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain to form biological organic selenium, so that the selenium content of the radix codonopsis lanceolatae from Taishan mountain is increased; the selenium-rich treatment is carried out with combination of two methods for applying selenium to the soil and spraying selenium to the leaf surfaces, so that the immobilization and loss of selenium in the soil are reduced.

Description

A kind of planting method of rich smashed Taishan four-leaf ginseng and special rich smashed fertilizer

technical field

The present invention relates to Chinese medicinal material planting technology.

Background technique

Codonopsis lanceolata (Codonopsis lanceolata Benth.et Hk.F) is a perennial herb of Campanulaceae (Campanulaceae), and is mainly produced in places such as Shandong, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, etc., to be produced in Mount Tai. Codonopsis radix has the best health care effect. The four-leaf Radix Codonopsis Radix Codonopsis Radix, produced in Mount Tai, has been called Taishan Four-leaf ginseng since ancient times. Taishan four-leaf ginseng is rich in various vitamins, trace elements, saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids and other medicinal ingredients. Insufficient milk, mastitis, lung abscess, carbuncle swollen poison embolism. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that four-leaf ginseng has anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and enhancement of human immunity. Because of its unique pharmacological and nourishing health care effects, Taishan four-leaf ginseng as a health product sells well in Europe, Southeast Asia, Japan, South Korea and other regions, and is deeply loved by consumers. At present, the artificial cultivation of four-leaf ginseng in Mount Tai is mainly a cultivation method of using seeds to raise seedlings in spring, and after obtaining seedlings in autumn, transplanting them into the field and harvesting them one year later. Four-leaf ginseng spring seedlings in Taishan have the following shortcomings: 1. due to drought and less rain in spring, temperature instability, seedlings need frequent watering, and the emergence rate is low, the growth of seedlings is slow, and the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and breaking ridges often occurs; 2. four-leaf ginseng in Taishan The seedling likes shade and needs artificial shading; 3. The seedling grows for a long time, and when the vine on the ground reaches 80 to 10 cm in late August, it needs to be set up, otherwise there will be "covering the seedlings" and dead seedlings. Therefore, due to the limitation of traditional seedling raising methods, Taishan four-leaf ginseng seedlings cannot meet the needs of people's large-scale planting.

[0003] At present, selenium is a trace element necessary for human and higher animals to maintain health, and has the functions of anti-cancer, anti-cancer, eliminating toxins, anti-oxidation, removing cholesterol, and enhancing human immunity. More than 40 kinds of diseases have been found so far, such as cancer, Keshan disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, large joints, diabetes, etc., are all related to the lack of smashing. According to research data, there are nearly 40 countries in the world with shortages. China is a big country with shortages. About 72% of the regions have shortages to varying degrees. Nearly 700 million people live in areas with low or shortages. The WHO stipulates that the recommended daily intake for adults is 40-100 μg/d, the Chinese Nutrition Association recommends that the minimum daily intake for adults is 50 μg/d, the optimal dietary supply is 50-250 μg/d, and the highest safe intake is 400 μg/d. At present, the daily intake of Chinese adults is only 26.36 μg, which is far from the minimum recommended intake of 50 μg/d by the Chinese Nutrition Society.

Inorganic strontium such as sodium succinate and sodium sulfite are not allowed to be taken directly or added to food because of having high toxicity and being difficult to be absorbed by the human body. The main way of supplementation is to supplement the bio-organic drugs that are safe, non-toxic and free of side effects to the human body. How to convert highly toxic inorganic slugs into non-toxic biological organic slugs is a key problem that needs to be solved in the research of rich slugs. A large number of studies have shown that plants have the ability to absorb and utilize inorganic fertilizers in the soil to varying degrees and convert them into biological organic fertilizers. In deficient areas, the plant transformation method is a commonly used enrichment method in production, that is, the method of applying fertilizer through soil or foliar spray during the growth and development of crops, vegetables, medicinal plants and other economic plants. Carry out manual enrichment processing. The exogenous inorganic powder is absorbed by plants and transformed into biological organic materials that are non-toxic to the human body, which improves the biological activity of the powder and can meet the needs of human beings in the diet.

Because the four leaf ginseng of Mount Tai has the physiological activities such as anti-oxidation, improves human immunity, removes active oxygen free radicals in the body, this is consistent with the physiological effect of the ginseng, if the ginseng of Mount Tai is carried out to be enriched and cultivated to increase the content to obtain rich. Smashing Taishan four-leaf ginseng can improve the physiological health care function of Taishan four-leaf ginseng. Therefore, mass production of Taishan four-leaf ginseng has broad market prospects and great potential for development and utilization.

In rich plant cultivation practice, although seemingly simple, inorganic fertilizer dosage and fertilizer formula are the keys to rich success. If the amount of inorganic smashing is too small, the effect of enriching smashing will not be achieved, and too much will cause changes in the content of mineral elements and amino acids in plants, resulting in smashing poisoning, yield reduction and even death. There is no precedent for the successful cultivation of Taishan four-leaf ginseng.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to meet people's consumption requirements to the four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, especially to produce the four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, improve the physiological health care function of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, propose a kind of ginseng of four-leaves of Mount Tai. At the same time, it proposes a special rich fertilizer for planting rich Taishan four-leaf ginseng.

Technical scheme is: a kind of planting method of four-leaf ginseng rich in Mount Tai, is characterized in that, method is as follows:

One, the cultivation of Mount Tai four leaf ginseng seedling and seed root

1, the selection of nursery field and soil preparation: choose back sun place, soil that is rich in humus and previous crop is the plot of corn as nursery field, deep ploughing after the autumn corn harvest, the first ten days of spring in the next year, the decomposed Cow dung 1500～2000kg/mu, the controlled release compound fertilizer 240kg/mu of controlled release period 180d, require controlled release compound fertilizer N: P O : K O = 20:15:10 mass ratio, make the flat furrow of width 50cm;

2, spring corn planting: in the flat border, sow corn by row spacing 60cm, plant spacing 30cm, every hole is sown 2 grains, sowing depth 3～7cm, cover black plastic film after sowing, break film in time after emergence Seedling;

3, the four-leaf ginseng seed treatment: soak the four-leaf ginseng seed 24h with gibberellin 400mg//L solution before sowing, then mix by the mass ratio of seed and fine sand 1: 10 for subsequent use;

4, when the corn plant height in early June was up to 40～50cm, in the corn row, the ditch of 2～3cm in depth was opened by row spacing 25cm, and the water infiltrated, and the ginseng of Mount Tai for subsequent use was sown in the ditch. , cover the soil, keep the border surface moist, and the four-leaf ginseng grows normally;

5, when Taishan four-leaf ginseng above-ground vine was about 30cm long, the sodium sulfite solution of 25mg/L was sprayed on foliar surface; Treat late August, Taishan four-leaf ginseng above-ground vine was long 40～60cm, this time spring When the corn is mature, only the ears of corn are harvested, the corn stalks are kept in place, and the vines of the four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai are climbed onto the corn stalks, and then 50mg/L of sodium sulfite solution is sprayed on the foliage;

6, to late October, the above ground vine part begins to wither naturally; Underground becomes the rich seed root with stress resistance of fresh weight 10～15g, and the seed root is left in place for overwintering; In the overwintering seed root, total seed root content reaches 2.16 μg/kg fresh weight;

Two, rich smash Taishan four-leaf ginseng into seedling cultivation and management

1, before the end of March in the spring of the following year, the soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile and the previous stubble is the plot of corn as cultivation field; The cow dung 1500kg/mu of decomposing is applied, deep ploughing 30cm, after ploughing, rake is finely leveled, Arrange into wide 45～50cm flat furrows; Adopt ring knife method to measure the soil average bulk density of 30cm soil layer, ensure that average bulk density is 1.29g/cm ;

2, prepare Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil special rich fertilizer:

Press the controlled release urea 25%, superphosphate 9%, potassium sulfate 15%, humic acid 25%, fully fermented pepper straw and chrysanthemum straw mixture 25%, sodium sulfite 0.5% of controlled release period 180d %, the weight ratio of calcium oxide 0.5% is evenly mixed for subsequent use;

3, from the seedling field, dig out the four-leaf ginseng seed root before bud bud germinates, select sturdy, apical spore quantity is few, spore is full, the seed root of root weight 10～15g is for subsequent use; According to the spacing of 35cm and the depth of 30cm, ditching is carried out, and the special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is evenly applied in the ditch. 20cm put the inclination of the root along the ditch into the ditch slope, cover soil 4.5～5.5cm, slightly suppress;

4, field management in growth period:

4.1, before the emergence and the seedling stage, the border surface will be kept moist, and during this period, the water flow speed will be controlled, and water will slowly flow into the border; ; Cultivate soil in time to prevent the reed head from exposing the ground; gradually reduce the number of watering after the vine reaches 15cm, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season, and prevent rotten roots;

4.2, to the first ten days of June, when Taishan four-leaf ginseng vines are long 35～40cm, use the bamboo pole of diameter 0.5～1.0cm to set up herringbone type conjoined frame, and the vine of Taishan four-leaf ginseng is drawn on the shelf;

4.3, foliar enrichment processing: the temperature and humidity in late July is suitable for the growth of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, this time is the period of vigorous growth of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, and it is suitable to carry out the enrichment of foliar processing; First prepare special-purpose four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai. Foliar rich fertilizer: add sodium sulfite 0.1mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g, zinc sulfate 50mg, plant decomposing liquid 200ml by per liter of water and prepare to obtain rich foliar fertilizer stock solution; wherein plant decomposing Liquid is according to the consumption ratio of fresh pepper leaf 1kg, fresh chrysanthemum leaf 0.5kg, fresh pepper leaf and fresh chrysanthemum leaf are chopped, soaked in water for 4～5d filtration, concentrated to obtain filtrate 200ml; according to the ratio of foliar fertilizer stoste and water during application It is diluted at a ratio of 1:10, and the application rate per mu is 60kg. On a sunny day, use a sprayer to evenly spray the leaves of Taishan four-leaf ginseng;

4.4, topdressing: at the beginning of August, ditching and topdressing between rows, every mu of topdressing potassium sulfate 35kg, ammonium phosphate 30kg; Foliar spraying 0.5% mass concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mid-September;

4.5, flower thinning and fruit thinning: Taishan four-leaf ginseng flowering period is long, result rate is high, in order to reduce the macronutrient consumed by flowering and fruiting, guarantee root output, carry out artificial flower thinning vegetables and fruits;

Three, harvesting and processing

After the aboveground part of the four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai is withered in the autumn of that year, remove the support, cut off the ginseng vine, artificially open a 30cm deep groove on one side of the border, carefully pull out the ginseng root, prevent the ginseng root damage and cause milk overflow in the root; After the roots are dug out, remove the sediment, dry, eat fresh or dry for storage.

Positive effect of the present invention:

1, adopt seedling planting and spring corn intercropping to cultivate seed root, be suitable for the characteristic of summer rainfall concentration, namely between 6～8 months, can reduce watering times, save water resources and human resources; Spring corn in early May Sowing, to the corn plant height 40～50cm at the beginning of June, can be the natural shade for the four-leaf ginseng seedlings of Mount Tai, do not need to build a shade, and can harvest corn ears, increase planting income; artificially lead vines to climb corn stalks in late August, Enhance the ventilation effect, promote the growth of seedlings, reduce pests and diseases, and will not cause "covering" and dead seedlings.

2, the present invention adopts the special rich fertilizer of the four-leaf ginseng soil to be applied into the soil, absorbs, transforms and forms a biological organic fertilizer, improves the content of the four-leaf ginseng from Mount Tai; The two methods of surface spraying and smashing are combined for rich smashing treatment to reduce the fixation and loss of smashing in the soil.

detailed description

[0032] Those skilled in the art can implement according to the description of the content of the invention, and will not be described in detail.

The soil smashing situation when the present invention is implemented in Tai'an area is described further below.

1, the present invention is tested in Tai'an area, the optimum consumption 0.5mg/kg～1.0mg/kg soil of soil sodium sulfite, namely the consumption of sodium sulfite in 1kg soil is 0.5～1.0mg/ kg of soil is the most suitable amount. The optimum application amount of the special rich fertilizer base application for the soil of four-leaf ginseng of the present invention is 36kg per mu, and the amount equivalent to sodium sulfite is 0.7mg/kg soil. In late July, the special foliar rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng is sprayed, and the dosage of stock solution is 6kg/mu.

Experimental results are shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.

The impact of table 1 sodium sulfite application rate on fresh weight of four-leaf ginseng seed root fresh weight and content of fenugreek

[0037]

"ΤΓΤΓΊ Fresh weight selenium content of roots of four-leaf ginseng from Mount Tai - Western treatment._(g«_(M&/kg)

Without selenium treatment 10,05b 1.05e

Foliar spray 25mg/L, once 9.87b 1.63d

Foliar spray 50mg/L, once 10.03b 1.94c

Foliar spray. 2.5mg/L, once, 50m.g/L, once 12.35a 2.16ab

Foliar spray 25mg/L, 2 times 8.59c 2.08b

Foliar spray 50mg/L, 2 times 8.16d 2.22a

As can be seen from Table 1, the fresh weight of four-leaf ginseng seed roots is closely related to the concentration and the number of times, and with the rise of the concentration, it presents a trend of first rising and then decreasing. When foliar spraying sodium sulfite solution 25mg/L once and 50mg//L once, the fresh weight of seed roots was the highest, and the content of seed roots was 2.16 μg/kg. Apply 25mg/L sodium sulfite solution. Foliar sprayed with sodium sulfite solution 50mg/L twice, the leaves of four-leaf ginseng appeared discoloration and whitening, and the plant growth was poor.

2, to the rich seed root and non-rich seed root of 2-year-old Taishan four-leaf ginseng, the special-purpose rich fertilizer for applying different amounts of soil respectively is tested, during the test, the amount of application is respectively 12.5kg/mu, 25kg /mu, 36kg/mu, 50kg/mu, the equivalent amount of soil spraying is 0.2511^/1^, 0.511^/1^, 0.711^/1^, 1.011^/1^, all the foliar spraying of the rich smashing treatment Taishan four-leaf ginseng special foliar rich fertilizer stock solution is 6kg/mu, equivalent to 0.6mg/mu.

Obtain the influence of four-leaf ginseng output and quality and see Table 2:

The impact of table 2 processing on 2-year-old Taishan four-leaf ginseng output and quality

[0042]

_Non-selenium-enriched seed roots_ _Selenium-enriched seed roots_

Soil selenium Fl I essential I culvert essential

Written by. A M A

Fertilizer amount (dry weight) white matter base acid ^ (dry weight) white matter base acid ^

sour sour

(kg/mu) (Kg/ft) (%) (%) C%> (Kg/mu) (%) (%) (%.)

0.0 726.06b 1.37ci 4.86c 2.05c 722.98b 1.50c 4.83b 1.07d

12.5 730.29b 1.46t:4.71c 2.21b 739.26b 1.71η 4.52c 2.08c

25.0 74.5.04;! 丨.50a 5.50a 2.47u 750.4Sn 1.68a 5.90ii 3.21b

36.0 713.? 7c 1.57a 5.05b 2.4 In 753.()¾ 1.63b 5.98ii 3.38ϋ

50.0 638.26d 1.50 b 4.32d 2.07o 627.03c 1.6chi 4.07d 1.05d

As can be known from Table 2, when the rich processing method and consumption were identical, adopting the rich and growing four-leaf ginseng seed root planting improved the output, the protein content of the four-leaf ginseng than adopting the non-rich and rich four-leaf ginseng root planting; Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil special rich fertilizer application rate is 25 ~ 36kg/mu, the total amino acid and essential amino acid content of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with rich seed roots are higher than those of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with non-rich seed roots. ;When planting with rich seed roots, the application rate of Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil special rich fertilizer is 36kg/mu, and the total amino acid and essential amino acid content of Taishan four-leaf ginseng is the highest, while when non-rich seed roots are used for planting, Taishan four-leaf ginseng has the highest content of total amino acids and essential amino acids. The content of total amino acids and essential amino acids in Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil was the highest when the amount of special rich fertilizer for soil was 25kg/mu. When the amount of special rich fertilizer for the soil of four-leaf ginseng is 12.5-36kg/mu, the yield of four-leaf ginseng treated with fertilizer is higher than that without fertilizer. When planted with rich seed roots, the yield is the highest when the amount of rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is 36kg/mu, which is 753kg/mu. When non-rich seed roots are used for planting, the amount of special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is 25kg. The highest yield per mu was 745.04kg/mu; the high soil rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng caused the yield, total amino acid and essential amino acid content of Taishan four-leaf ginseng to be lower than those without fertilizer.

In a word, planting with rich seed roots, the amount of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai is 36kg/mu, and the special foliar rich fertilizer stoste 6kg/ mu of foliar spraying of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai is the highest yield.

3, to the rich seed root and non-rich seed root of 2-year-old Taishan four-leaf ginseng, the main mineral element content after applying the special rich fertilizer of different amounts of soil is shown in Table 3:

The impact of table 3 richness on the main mineral element content of four-leaf ginseng in Mount Tai

.r.Ca.Mg Fe Zn Se Cu Mn

Shangyang W

Fertilizer amount (Mg/kg) (Mg/kg) (jig/kg).(pg/kg) (pg kg) (pg/kg) C:M; g/k; g)

0.0 VM3J7a 丨 877.01d 195.72a 1.09e 2D.19d Ϊ4.magic a I 0 I

Non-rich 12.5 2781.30c 2561.25a 152.06b 1.52b 26.37c 12.91c lQ.49d

Beginning God.25.0 2Q54.27b 2642.09a 162.147b 丨.61a 30.13b ί 2.05c

TF 36.0 2452.03b 93.28c 1.43c 32.06a 14.93a 12.96b

50.0 254S.28e 2010.39g S9.7k 1.24d 31.43a 15.09a 13.4½

0.0 3842.82a 1752.36c 198.24a L12d 30.34d 12.03c 14.28a

raW 12.5 2717.04c 3529.61a 140.33c 1.40b 3.5.:S7d il.llc 9.0Sb

Shenheng P: 25,0 3451.13b 374114a 160,56b 1.59a 57.63b 13.62b 10.03¾

36.0 2431.47cl 2979.01b 90.28d 1.23c 62.12a 14.36a 8.63c

50.0 2462260 2234.67b:85:.0.1d 1.09d 40.19e 15.93a 7.45c

Table 3 shows, the calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc content of four-leaf ginseng from Mount Tai is a variation trend that increases first and then decreases with the increase of the special-purpose rich fertilizer application amount of four-leaf ginseng in Mount Tai, and each fertilizer handles calcium in four-leaf ginseng from Mount Tai. The content of magnesium, iron, and zinc were all lower than those of no fertilization treatment, while those of magnesium, iron, and zinc were higher than those of no fertilization treatment; the copper content showed a gradually increasing trend. When the application amount of Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil-specific rich fertilizer is the same, the calcium, magnesium, iron, iron, and copper contents of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with rich roots are higher than those of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with non-rich roots. , and the manganese content is lower than that of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with non-rich seeds; when the amount of special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is different, the Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with rich seeds is higher than that of non-rich seeds. The smashed content of the planted Taishan four-leaf ginseng.

4, to the rich seed root of 2-year-old Taishan four-leaf ginseng, the amino acid content after applying the special rich fertilizer of different amounts of soil is shown in Table 4:

The impact of table 4 richness on the amino acid content of four-leaf ginseng in Mount Tai (with the richness in four-leaf ginseng seed root planting) (%)

[0051]

Selenium fertilizer dosage__i i ^ #1 i m I

(kg/mu) Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid

i).(j l.l:b 0.16:1 0.21c ().12h ().(!¾ 0.1 Od ().17d 0.3 7b 0.13a

12.5 1.01C n.0Sc n.27b n.!2h n.:^4h n.()2d 0.24c n.2Qc 0.1 Ib

25.0 1,87 a 0.! Oc 0.23c 0.16» 0.42;i 0.05b 0.38b 0.35b 0.13a

36.0 1.86a 0.12b 0.31a 0.17a 0.42a 0.07a 0.43a 0.41a 0.10b

50.0 0.72(1 0.1 Ib 0.3.¾ 0.08c 0.41; ! 0.04c 0.26c 0.2 Id 0.11b

Selenium fertilizer dosage Case group refined cysteine glutathione

(kg/mu)

0.0 0.14a 0.2 Ie O 0.7 hi 0.Qlii 0.07b 0.15ii 0.17c

12.5 0.05c 0.31a 0 0.7?.:', 0.59d 0.04c 0.12b 0.21b

25.0 0.02(1 0.25b 0.02ϋ 0.75h 0.73b 0.06b 0.15n 0.23;..,

36.0 0.08b 0,18d 0.02£.0.68a 0.64c 0.17ii 0.12b 0.20b

50.0 0.09b 0.07e 0.0 hi 0.65a 0.57d 0.16a 0.08c 0.17c

Table 4 finds out that the four-leaf ginseng planted by rich seed roots contains 17 kinds of amino acids, and 7 kinds of them are essential amino acids for human body. Among the various amino acids contained, the content of arginine is the lowest and the content of lysine is the highest. The contents of phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine and glutamic acid were all lower than those of the control, while those of methionine, isoleucine and alanine were higher than those of the control. The application rate of 36kg/mu of soil-specific rich fertilizer was the highest; the content of histidine gradually decreased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer application, while the content of serine was not significantly different among different treatments.

In the scope of 12.5～36kg/mu of special rich fertilizer application amount of four leaf ginseng soil of Mount Tai, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, leucine, valine, proline follow the fertilizer amount. The application rate is 36kg/mu, which is the highest, and the content of various amino acids is comprehensive. When the application rate of special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is 36kg/mu, the content of various amino acids is better than other treatments.

5, to the non-rich seed root of biennial Taishan four-leaf ginseng, the amino acid content after applying the special rich fertilizer of different amounts of soil is shown in Table 5:

Table 5 is rich in the impact of four-leaf ginseng amino acid content (with non-rich in four-leaf ginseng root planting) (%)

[0056]

Selenium fertilizer dosage m I ^ i m I~~

Ckg/ffl.)

0.0 1.08b 0.12ii 0.22b 0.14a ().1 Sd 0.14b ().17b 0.36b 0.12b

12.5 1.07b 0.()% 0.29a 0.1 Ib 0,29c 0.13c 0.23a 0.29c ().1 Ib

25.0 1,26a 0.06c 0.24b 0.14a 0.33¾ 0.19a ().25a 0:4 Ui 0.13m

36.0 1.21a 0.05c 0.29a 0.12b 0.42a 0.15b 0.17b 0.34b 0.1 Ib

50.0 0.Q3c 0.06c 0.31 a 0,1 Ob 0.40a 0.12c 0.15c 0.:5d 0.09c Selenium fertilizer dosage

(kg/mu)

0.0 0.13b 0.22c O 0.ft9c 0.91a 0.07c 0.13b 0.1 Sc

12.5 0.09c 0.28b O 0.72b 0.64c 0.06c 0,11c 0.20b

25.0 0.10c 0.45ί! O 0.76ί! 0.72b 0.0Ac.0.17a 0.23a

36.0 ().!3b 0.28b 0 0.7 Ib 0:.65c 0.10b 0.13b 0.1:9e

50.0 0.15a 0.17d 0 0.6.5d 0.53d 0.14a Q.lle OJ 6d

Table 5 shows that arginine is not detected with the Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with non-rich seed roots, contains 16 kinds of amino acids, and wherein lysine content is the highest, and phenylalanine is the lowest. The contents of phenylalanine and threonine in the four-leaf ginseng treated with smashing fertilizer were lower than those without smashing fertilizer, while the contents of methionine and isoleucine were higher than those without smashing fertilizer. With the increase of the application amount of special rich fertilizer in the soil of Four-leaf ginseng, the content of serine did not change significantly, the content of phenylalanine and threonine showed a decreasing trend, while the content of methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine and proline showed a gradual increase trend, lysine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, serine, histidine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine increased first and then decreased, and The highest value appears when the application rate of special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil is 25kg/mu, but it is significantly lower than that of Taishan four-leaf ginseng planted with rich roots. content.

Comprehensive table 4, the experimental result of table 5, plant Taishan four-leaf ginseng Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil special-purpose rich fertilizer application rate 36kg/mu with rich seed root, foliar spraying Taishan four-leaf ginseng special foliar richness The fertilizer stock solution is 6kg/mu, and the effect of rich smashing is the best.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method for planting the four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai, it is characterized in that, step is as follows: The first step, the cultivation of four-leaf ginseng seedling and root of Mount Tai (1), the selection of nursery field and land preparation: choose the back sun place, The plots where the soil is rich in humus and the previous crop is corn is used as a nursery field. After the corn is harvested in autumn, it is deeply plowed. In early May of the following year, 1500-2000kg/mu of decomposed cow dung and a controlled-release compound fertilizer with a controlled-release period of 180d are applied. 240kg/mu, requires controlled-release compound fertilizer N: P2O5: K2O = 20:15:10 mass ratio, make a flat border of 50cm in width; (2), spring corn planting: in the flat border, by row spacing 60cm, plant spacing 30cm sowing corn, every hole sows 2, sowing depth 3～7cm, cover black plastic film after sowing, after emergence, break the film in time and put seedlings; (3), Taishan four-leaf ginseng seed treatment: use gibberellin 400mg// before sowing L solution soaks four-leaf ginseng seeds 24h, then mixes by the mass ratio of seed and fine sand 1: 10 for subsequent use; (4), to the time of spring corn plant height in early June to 40 ~ 50cm, in the corn row by row spacing 25cm opening depth 2 The ditch of ~ 3cm, the water infiltrates, and the treated standby Taishan four-leaf ginseng seeds are sown in the ditch, and the soil is covered, and the border surface is kept moist, and the Taishan four-leaf ginseng normally emerges and grows; (5), when the Taishan four-leaf ginseng aboveground vine When about 30cm long, the sodium sulfite solution of 25mg/L was sprayed on the foliage; In late August, the four-leaf ginseng above-ground vines in Mount Tai were 40～60cm long, and the spring corn was mature at this time, and only the ears of corn were harvested, and the corn stalks were retained In situ, the vines of the four-leaf ginseng from Mount Tai were climbed to the corn stalk, and then 50mg/L sodium sulfite solution was sprayed on the foliage; (6), the vines on the ground began to wither naturally in late October; the underground became The stress-resistant rich seed roots of fresh weight 10～15g, the seed roots are left in place for overwintering; the total seed root content reaches 2.16 μg/kg fresh weight in the overwintering seed roots; The second step, the rich leaves of Mount Tai are ginseng Seedling cultivation and management (I1), before the end of March in the following spring, select a plot with deep soil layer, fertile soil and corn as a cultivation field; apply 1500kg/mu of decomposed cow dung, deep plough 30cm, and rake finely after ploughing. Leveling, arranges into wide 45～50cm flat furrows; Adopt ring knife method to measure the soil average bulk density of 30cm soil layer, guarantee that average bulk density is 1.29g/cm ; ISOd controlled release urea 25%, superphosphate 9%, potassium sulfate 15%, humic acid 25%, fully fermented pepper straw and chrysanthemum straw mixture 25%, sodium sulfite 0.5%, calcium oxide 0.5% (3), dig out the four-leaf ginseng seed root before the bud bud germinates from the nursery field, select the seed root of sturdy, top bud bud number is few, the bud bud is full, the root weight 10～15g Standby; ditch according to the spacing of 35cm and the depth of 30cm in the prepared border, and evenly apply the special rich fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng soil in the ditch, and the application rate is 12.5 ~ 50k per mu g, the amount of applied soil smashing is 0.25～.1.0mg/kg soil, according to the inclination of planting root along the ditch 20cm is put into the ditch slope, covering soil 4.5～5.5cm, slightly suppresses; ⑷, field management in growth period (4.1) The border surface should be kept moist before emergence and during the seedling stage. During this period, the water flow rate should be controlled to allow the water to slowly flow into the border. After emergence, the soil should be loosened and weeded in time to keep the surface soil loose and moist below; Cultivating soil in time to prevent reed head from exposing the ground; Gradually reduce the number of waterings after the vine is up to 15cm, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season, and prevent rotten roots; (4.2), to early June, when Taishan four-leaf ginseng vines are 35～40cm long, use a diameter of 0.5 The bamboo pole of ~1.0cm builds a herringbone-shaped conjoined frame, and the vine of Taishan four-leaf ginseng is drawn on the shelf; (4.3), foliar richness is processed: the temperature and humidity in late July is suitable for the growth of Taishan four-leaf ginseng, and this time is Taishan four-leaf ginseng grows vigorously, it is suitable to carry out foliar enrichment treatment; first prepare special foliar enriched fertilizer for Taishan four-leaf ginseng: add sodium sulfite 0.1mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g, zinc sulfate 50mg per liter of water , the add-on of plant decomposing liquid 200ml is prepared to obtain rich foliar fertilizer stock solution; wherein plant decomposing liquid is according to the consumption ratio of fresh pepper leaf 1kg, fresh chrysanthemum leaf 0.5kg, fresh pepper leaf and fresh chrysanthemum leaf are chopped into pieces. , water soaking 4～5d filter, concentrate to obtain filtrate 200ml; When applying according to the ratio of foliar fertilizer stoste and water ratio to be 1:10 dilution, every mu of application amount is 60kg, selects sunny day to spray evenly on the surface of four-leaf ginseng leaves with a sprayer (4.4), top dressing: at the beginning of August, ditch top dressing between the rows, topdressing potassium sulfate 35kg and phosphoric acid 30kg per mu; Foliar spraying 0.5% mass concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mid-September; (4.5), thinning flowers Thinning and fruit thinning: the flowering period of four-leaf ginseng of Mount Tai is long, and the result rate is high, in order to reduce the large amount of nutrients consumed by flowering and fruiting, to ensure the output of ginseng roots, artificial flower thinning and fruit-thinning are carried out; The third step, harvesting and processing the aboveground part of four-leaf ginseng in the autumn of that year After withering, remove the herringbone-shaped one-piece frame, cut off the ginseng vines, manually open a 30cm deep trench on one side of the border, and carefully pull out the ginseng roots to prevent the ginseng roots from being damaged and cause the milk to overflow in the roots; after the ginseng roots are dug out, remove them. Sediment, drying, fresh or drying storage. 2. a kind of special rich fertilizer for the soil of the four-leaf ginseng planting method described in claim 1, is characterized in that, is formed by the material mixing of following weight ratio, the controlled release urea 25% of controlled release period ISOd , superphosphate 9%, potassium sulfate.15%, humic acid 25%, fully fermented pepper straw and chrysanthemum straw mixture 25%, sodium sulfite 0.5% and calcium oxide.0.5%.