CN104025897A

CN104025897A - Fructus amomi artificial cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN104025897A
Application number: CN201410309932.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄振忠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-07-02
Filing date: 2014-07-02
Publication date: 2014-09-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a fructus amomi artificial cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation. The method particularly includes the steps of selection of cultivated fields, soil preparation, transplantation of grass and fruit seedlings, fertilizer application, field management, plant disease and insect pest and rodent control and increase of the flower setting rate and the fruit setting rate. Due to the adoption of the step of increase of the flower setting rate and the fruit setting rate, the problem that pollination is difficult and the fruit ratio is low in the fructus amomi artificial cultivation process is solved, fructus amomi can be cultivated on a large scale, industrialization is achieved, the fruit setting rate reaches 65% to 70%, the yield is increased by 20% to 25%, effective constituents are increased by 8% to 12%, the process is simple, and operation is easy.

Description

A kind of fructus amomi artificial method for planting

Technical field

The present invention relates to Chinese medicinal herbs planting technology, be specifically related to a kind of method of fructus amomi artificial planting, belong to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique field.

Background technology

Fructus amomi (Latin formal name used at school: Amomum villosum Lour.) another name: Fructus Amomi, have another name called cardamom, perennial herb, belongs to Zingiber Amomum tsaoko subgenus fine sand benevolence Plants, is distributed in the torrid zone and thermally district, Asia, 1.5～3 meters of plant heights, stem is scattered, the rhizome ground of crawling, on joint by the membranous scale of brown, rhizome is sturdy, brownish red, seed group point 3 lobes, 5～9 pieces, every lobe seed, seed fragrant odour and high strong, as spices, slightly peppery, its taste is like camphor tree, dish flavouring in the Orient, the particularly seasoning matter of curry dish.

Medicinal and the edible part of fructus amomi is the fruit of drying and ripening, and fructus amomi Main Function is in stomach, kidney and the spleen of human body, can promoting the circulation of qi seasoning, and stomach is amusing, fructus amomi often coordinates with the bark of official magnolia, the dried immature fruit of citron orange, dried orange peel etc., is suitable for treating the illnesss such as chest gastral cavity turgor, abdominal distention and little diet.

Fructus amomi is one of large kind of Chinese herbal medicines, along with the raising of people's living standard and healthy needs, the purposes of fructus amomi is more and more, people make again wild fructus amomi endangered to the indiscriminate mining and serious waste of wild resource, for satisfying the demand, people have to develop artificial cultivation technique, but people's Amomum villosum ubiquity yields poorly now, bad, the defect that active constituent content is few.

Summary of the invention

goal of the invention: the object of the invention is for problems of the prior art, a kind of planting technology method that improves fructus amomi output and active ingredient is provided.

technical scheme: the method for a kind of Amomum of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:

1. planting site is selected: fructus amomi happiness concealments, humidity, Wen Liang, the environment that fertile soil is loose, should be chosen in degree of shading and be 60～70% broad-leaved underwood planting, and plant as well to have in the corrie of flowing water throughout the year, be advisable with 1200～1800 meters of height above sea level.

2. wholely: choose behind plot, carry out weeds cleaning in spring, remove the too much bad tree of shading simultaneously, should reseed shaping to the mountain region that shade rate is inadequate, then entirely cultivate and loosen the soil, improve forest land environment, improve land fertility, ensure that seedling survives and well growth, dig pit in April, specification is long × wide × dark=30 centimetres of 50 cm x 50 cm x, and seeding row spacing is 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters or 2 meters × 2 meters, and every mu is dug 160～300 holes.

3. transplant: the time is selected in the shady rainy day in 6～July, selects 30～40 centimetres of heights of seedling, robust growth, stem foot is thick more than 1 centimetre, and 8～12 of root systems, without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, the seedling age seedling of a year, first inserts the fine earth of 20～22 centimetres in hole when transplanting, seedling is planted in hole again, root system is unfolded naturally, 2～3 young plants are put in every hole, then filling out 8～10 centimetres of fine earths covers tightly shoot root, with foot-operated tight, shoot root and soil are combined closely, after water normal root water one time.

4. fertilising: carry out in the time of 2 leaves of seedling for the first time, every mu is watered 1500kg with ammonium sulfate nitrogenous fertilizer 1.5～2kg, in the time of 5 leaves of seedling, carry out for the second time, every mu is watered 1500kg with nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg, in the time of 8～10 leaves of seedling, carry out for the third time, every two weeks or monthly topdress 1 time after 10 leaves, every mu is watered 1000kg with nitrogenous fertilizer 3kg.

5. field management: comprise that the management that juvenile stage transplants in latter 3 years is the management of field planting after 3 years with becoming the length of time, wherein the management that is in the length of time will be carried out and look into seedling and fill a vacancy, prevent that livestock from trampleing on, the work of intertill and clean tillage, become the management in the length of time will carry out weeding and cut old strain, topdress, ridging, irrigation and drainage, adjusting shade rate.

6. carry out disease worm rat plague control;

(1) fructus amomi disease control: blossom rot, fruit rot: bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim with 1:1:100 before blooming spray.Leaf spot: spray with 600 times of 50% carbendazim or 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl.Damping off: discovery diseased plant is pulled out buried, and the powder that limes is sterilized around.With 600 times of liquid of 65% zineb, lesion plant is sprayed simultaneously, sprayed every 7 days～inferior, connect and spray 2～3 times.

(2) pest control: slug is killed with the place that quicklime is sprinkling upon its discrepancy in control.Star locust and borer prevented and treated with Padan or time;

(3) rat plague control: for the plague of rats, mouse trap, rattrap or diphacinone receive salt bait and prevent and treat.

7. improve the flower fruit-setting rate measure of sitting

(1) every mu is watered 50 kilograms with 2 liang of boraxs and before blooming, carries out foliar spray;

(2) spray in flowering stage with honey liquor or the refined sugar solution of 200 times, induction insect activity is pollinated;

(3) around fructus amomi garden, develop apiculture, both bring out the best in each other, and realize fructus amomi, honey bumper harvests.

beneficial effect: compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:

The present invention adopts seedling grow, can cultivate by large area development fructus amomi, forms industrialization, and fruiting rate reaches 65%～70%, and output improves 20%～25%, and active ingredient improves 8%～12%, and operation is simple, easy operating.

embodiment

Below in conjunction with the concrete example of implementing, technical solution of the present invention is elaborated.

1. planting site is selected: this time Amomum is selected in nature reserve, the average crown density 65% of standing forest, and 18.5 DEG C of mean temperature of air throughout the year, 31 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperatures, 3 DEG C of the minimum air temperatures, fertile soil is loose, has flowing water, 1200-1350 meters of height above sea level throughout the year.

2. wholely: carry out weeds cleaning spring in 2011, remove the too much bad tree of shading simultaneously, then entirely cultivate and loosen the soil, dig pit in April, 2011, specification is long × wide × dark=30 centimetres of 50 cm x 50 cm x, and seeding row spacing is 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters, and every mu is dug 300 holes.

3. transplant: the time is selected in the shady rainy day of 6 last ten-days period～mid-July in 2011, selects 30～40 centimetres of heights of seedling, robust growth, stem foot is thick more than 1 centimetre, and 8～12 of root systems, without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage, the seedling age seedling of a year, first inserts the fine earth of 20～22 centimetres in hole when transplanting, seedling is planted in hole again, root system is unfolded naturally, 2～3 young plants are put in every hole, then filling out 8～10 centimetres of fine earths covers tightly shoot root, with foot-operated tight, shoot root and soil are combined closely, after water normal root water one time.

5. field management:

(1) looking into seedling fills a vacancy: find dead seedling, lack the pool reseed in time;

(2 intertill and clean tillages: fructus amomi shoot to herbicide sensitive, therefore we adopt artificial weeding, respectively carries out once in summer and winter every year, and add 10 kilograms of general calcium in conjunction with 5 kilograms of urea of every mu of use of intertillage and cheat and execute.After the weeds of removing, be layered on around plant, allow it rot, increase fertility.

6. carry out disease worm rat plague control:

(1) fructus amomi disease control: while finding that there is blossom rot or fruit rot: spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim before blooming, the state of an illness is at once controlled.The method of preventing and treating damping off is: discovery diseased plant is pulled out buried, and the powder that limes is sterilized around.With 600 times of liquid of 65% zineb, lesion plant is sprayed simultaneously, spray～inferior every 7 days, connect and spray 2～3 times, control efficiency is also fine, does not this time find leaf spot;

(2) rat plague control: for the plague of rats, mouse trap, rattrap or diphacinone receive salt bait and prevent and treat.

7. taked to improve the flower fruit-setting rate measure of sitting

(2) spray in flowering stage with honey liquor or the refined sugar solution of 200 times, induction insect activity is pollinated.

This time planting experiment, 2012 start to yield positive results, and 55 mu of test area are received 3810 kilograms, fresh fruit for 2012,69.3 kilograms of average yield per mus, than traditional extensive operation per mu yield of contrast more than 56 kilograms 13.3 kilograms, amount of increase in production reaches 23.75%, and effect of increasing production is obvious.

Claims

1. a method for fructus amomi artificial planting, idiographic flow is: planting site selection-whole ground-transplanting-fertilising-field management---carry out disease worm rat plague control, characterized by further comprising and taked to improve measure (1) the spraying borax of sitting flower fruit-setting rate; (2) method that induction insect activity is pollinated; (3) development bee-keeping.

2. the method for fructus amomi artificial planting according to claim 1, is characterized in that the method for described spraying borax is: every mu is watered 50 kilograms with 2 liang of boraxs and before blooming, carries out foliar spray.

3. the method for fructus amomi artificial planting according to claim 2, is characterized in that the method that described induction insect activity is pollinated is: spray in flowering stage with the honey liquors of 200 times or refined sugar solution.