CN103329721A - Method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents
Method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for three-dimensionally cultivating trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza. The method comprises the following steps: in April, biennial or triennial trichosanthes kirilowii tuberous roots are selected and planted in a large field after being cut into chunks and processed; after trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings emerge, a shed is built according to the growing gaps of the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings are guided to the shed to climb shelves, and meanwhile, pruning and trimming are conducted on the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings; from June to July, salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are collected, salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are cultivated below the shed and the shelves of the trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, and normal field management is conducted after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings emerge; in November, trichosanthes kirilowii is harvested; in next March, the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are harvested and transplanted to the large field. The method for three-dimensionally cultivating the trichosanthes kirilowii-salvia miltiorrhiza has the advantages that the pattern of cultivating the trichosanthes kirilowii is beneficial to increasing the output of the trichosanthes kirilowii, enlarges an effective photosynthetic area, increases the ventilation among trichosanthes kirilowii plants, and lowers the probability of germ infection; an overshadowed field formed by building the shed for the trichosanthes kirilowii is beneficial to the growth and development of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings; the planting system in the method can effectively increase the land utilization rate and increase the income for medicinal herb growers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stereo cultivation method of snakegourd-red sage root, belong to the agricultural planting field of new and high technology.
Background technology
Snakegourd and the red sage root are the Shandong genunie medicinal materials, wherein snakegourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim) is a kind of perennial prehensile liane of Curcurbitaceae snake gourd, have kind more than 80, its fruit, seed and root etc. are traditional Chinese medicine, in addition also has the good health care effect, therefore, snakegourd has very high comprehensive exploitation value.The red sage root is the dry root and rhizome of the Labiatae salvia red sage root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), and its active ingredient is fat-soluble phenanthrenequione analog derivative and water miscible liposoluble ingredient.The former has effects such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiatherosclerosis, and that the latter mainly act as is anti-oxidant, anti-liver injury, protection cardiac muscle etc.
The snakegourd growth requires not strict to soil, but culture technique is to output and the very big influence of quality existence of snakegourd.At present, the Shandong snakegourd is mainly planted by peasant household, the fragmentary distribution, main cultivation mode is the built formula, though that this mode is invested is less, because planting density is bigger, the daylighting effect is bad, thereby cause snakegourd output not high, and make snakegourd grow black rot in harvest time owing to ventilation effect is not good to rot, so the built pattern is not suitable for large-area snakegourd cultivation.The red sage root is as the large traditional Chinese medicine of China and Shandong genunie medicinal materials, and its consumption goes up year by year, and the cultivation of the red sage root at present is mainly by the seedling raising and transplanting plantation.Snakegourd and red sage root intercropping can take full advantage of land resources, and the frame that snakegourd is built at growing period can provide shading shed for red sage root seedling growth, satisfy red sage root seedling stage to the requirement of shady and cool environmental condition.
Find that through the literature search to prior art Zhang Yongdi is at " Anhui agricultural science " (Vol.35, No.19,2007,5734,5771) delivered " effect of Snakegourd Fruit highly effective stereo cultivating and technology ", the cropping pattern of " Snakegourd Fruit (ginger)-winter vegetable " is adopted in research, land utilization rate can improve more than 30%, simultaneously, by improving Snakegourd Fruit garden microclimate environment, increase the diversity of the ecosystem, keep the ecological balance, play the effect that improves the Snakegourd Fruit yield and quality, increases income.Liao Huajun is at " Anhui agronomy circular " (Vol.13, No.13,2007,99～100) delivered " technical research of snakegourd intercropping ginger tridimensional high-efficient cultivation ", research is in conjunction with the production reality of snakegourd intercropping ginger, from the seed selection of snakegourd, ginger, to soil and fertilizer require, many-sides such as the supporting crucial cultivation management technology in field of vertical cultivation and results have carried out detailed summary, have played good action for improving agricultural performance.Wish that foundation delivered " snakegourd high-yield high-grade culture technique " in " modern agriculture science and technology " (No.4,2009,54), research is local actual in conjunction with the Yuexi, from choosing ground, select kind, aspect such as site preparation and fertilization, summed up the snakegourd high-yield high-grade culture technique.Wu Peiying is at " modern agriculture science and technology " (No.8,2010,94,104) delivered " snakegourd and wheat, interplanting corn technology ", set forth the advantage of snakegourd and wheat, interplanting corn, introduce the culture technique of snakegourd, comprise kind of a method for planting, manage climing final singling, content such as water and fertilizer management, raising fruit-setting rate, the extermination of disease and insect pest, timely collecting, final-period management.
Above-mentioned technology exists following defective or deficiency: the first, and the above snakegourd stereo cultivation technology is intercropping, the interplanting between snakegourd and vegetables or the cereal crops, and cost of investment is big, the time is longer, takes in not high; Second, generally need cloudy carded sliver spare with the plant of snakegourd intercropping, less demanding to light, and vegetables and cereal crops must satisfy certain illumination condition certain output and nutrition organs just can be arranged, and the condition of sheltering from heat or light of snakegourd frame will inevitably influence the output of vegetables and grain; The 3rd, snakegourd growth must be satisfied certain illumination and ventilation, ventilative condition, and moist environment makes snakegourd produce black rot and insect pest easily, therefore and the interplanting between the cereal crops be unfavorable for the growth of snakegourd.So, along with the continuous rising of Shandong snakegourd cultivated area, press for the kind method for planting of a kind of large-scale promotion of research and development, grow on the impregnable basis satisfying snakegourd, increase the income at plantation family as far as possible, promote economy, social harmonious development.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned prior art; the present invention is object with two genunie medicinal materials in Shandong; at snakegourd fertility characteristic and Shandong weather, environmental quality; explore the optimal mode that is fit to Shandong snakegourd large tracts of land standardized cultivation; the characteristics that while grows seedlings in conjunction with the red sage root; the vertical cultivation pattern that snakegourd and the red sage root are grown seedlings is studied; the result will promote scale and the standardized planting development of snakegourd, the red sage root; save the area simultaneously; drive the structural readjustment of rural industry, playing very positive impetus aspect the regional specialty economies of development.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of snakegourd-red sage root stereo cultivation method, method is as follows: in April, select 2～3 years living snakegourd piece roots, the back field planting is handled in segment, put up a shed according to snakegourd plantation gap after emerging, and the snakegourd seedling is drawn rattan put on the shelf, carry out the snakegourd branch-finishing and pruning simultaneously; 6～July, gather salvia seeds, under the snakegourd frame, grow seedlings, carry out normal field management after emerging; The snakegourd of gathering November; Red sage root seedling and transplanting gather March in next year to the land for growing field crops.Adopt culture technique of the present invention, the snakegourd canopy can provide red sage root growth of seedling needed shady and cool environment, and whole vertical cultivation pattern is ventilative, and daylighting is good, and snakegourd damage by disease and insect, eqpidemic disease reduce red sage root planting percent height.
Further, described selection snakegourd piece root, the mode of cut off handling are: selects the radices trichosanthis piece of life in 2～3 years, robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, the staminiferous plant ratio is cut into the long segment of long 5～10cm below 10%, dips at otch and plants after getting ash and drying slightly.
Further, the planting system of described snakegourd is: at the beginning of 4 months, on whole good plot with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5m, furrow width 35cm, dark 10cm is with the spacing in the rows field planting in ditch with 1m of the snakegourd rhizome chosen, during field planting rhizome is kept flat, earthing 3cm～5cm pours water in the ditch after the field planting, after 1 day snakegourd being planted ditch fills and leads up, and at last earthing 10cm, do the ridge, the upper strata covers white mulch film, so that heat and moisture preserving promotes the root piece to sprout; Push the overburden soil inspection situation of emerging after 20 days aside, after emerging film is removed.
Further, the scaffolding mode of described snakegourd is: after snakegourd is emerged, the management of puing up a shed immediately, select the concrete column of 10cm * 10cm * 250cm, its spacing according to 2m is embedded in between the snakegourd plant of ridge, underground to imbed 0.5m dark, the high 2m in ground, each concrete column top connects with No. 10 steel wires in length and breadth and is netted, and it is underground that steel wire two is fixed on peripheral concrete column, drawn diagonal brace to fix peripheral concrete column simultaneously; After body frame was accomplished fluently, the selection aperture was that the nylon wire of 20cm is covered in steel wire top, periphery and concrete column upper fixed; Snakegourd is emerged when growing to 0.3～0.5m, at snakegourd plant next door oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope bamboo pole is connected with the top nylon wire, the snakegourd seedling is drawn receive on the nylon rope simultaneously, is convenient to it and climbs the climing canopy of going up.
Further, the branch-finishing and pruning mode of described snakegourd is: snakegourd is emerged, and the back is timely prunes, and base portion stays 2 major branches; Branch put on the shelf long during to 1.5m pinching pinch, and the timely overstocked and thin and delicate branch of growth, the water sprout etc. extractd, the unnecessary weak seedling of root, the axillalry bud on the following tendril of frame face will in time be erased, between the armpit of having born fruit again the armpit branch of growth mostly be fruitless invalid branch, all dredge; Branch with frame top distributes according to different directions simultaneously, prevents that branch is overlapping, influences photosynthesis of plant; After the 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, the stem length broken end of pinching to about the 2.5m to promote collateral generation, will in time cut off some little ends of the branch, Lao Ye and branch repeatedly simultaneously in process of growth; Side shoot, bud are extractd in snakegourd results back, so that nutrient accumulation is beneficial to the growth of 1 year snakegourd.
Further, the seedling raising manners of the described red sage root is: gather in the crops the seed in the red sage root seedling field June, admix fine sand after the screening and be sprinkled in the furrow between the snakegourd ridge, furrow are irrigated in advance, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting the upper strata covers one deck fine earth, is advisable to lose seed; 20 ℃～25 ℃ of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged.Red sage root seedling is liked the moon in earlier stage, and 7～October, the snakegourd canopy can well play the effect of sheltering from heat or light, and in 10～November of later stage, the snakegourd rattan is withered, can make the red sage root carry out photosynthesis smoothly, carries out the carbohydrate accumulation, promotes root system development.3～April of next year can transplant when red sage root seedling has 3～4 pairs of blades, 300,000 strains of per mu yield red sage root seedling.
Snake gourd Yushan Hill host ground medicinal material, long cultivation history is arranged, and traditional cultivation mode is the built formula, planting density is big, and the kind unicity is strong, and the present invention breaks Shandong real estate snakegourd traditional cultivation pattern, create snakegourd frame formula cultivation means, seedling growing process with the another kind of genunie medicinal materials-red sage root in Shandong combines with the snakegourd cultivation simultaneously, and the snakegourd of invention-red sage root vertical cultivation system has following characteristic: one: two kind of plant all belongs to Chinese medicinal plant.Two: the field production problem according to habit of growth and the medicinal material demand of two kinds of plants solves two kinds of medicinal materials simultaneously, improve the output of snakegourd and red sage root seedling simultaneously, meet traditional Chinese medicine GAP management regulation.Three: the solution snakegourd airing time is long, processes skimble-scamble problem, meets traditional Chinese medicine GMP management regulation.Compared with prior art, have following useful effect: the planting type of snakegourd is conducive to the formation of its output among the present invention, improves effective photosynthetic area, increases the gas permeability between the snakegourd plant, reduces the germina infection probability; The snakegourd built forms is conducive to red sage root growth of seedlings and growth with sheltering from heat or light, and with the red sage root seedlings root prosperity that the present invention cultivates, growing way is good, plants and just can excavate in 1 year.Planting system of the present invention can effectively improve land utilization rate, increases medicinal herb grower's income, and the per mu yield of snakegourd fresh fruit increases income 1000kg, but red sage root seedling per mu yield 300kg(fresh weight).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: snakegourd plantation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: vertical cultivation schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
The stereo cultivation technology of embodiment 1 snakegourd-red sage root
Step is as follows:
(1) selects ground and select deep, the fertile plot of soil layer wholely.Follow whole ground epipodium base manure, base manure is based on fertilizer, and every mu applies fertilizer 2500～3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30～50kg, potash fertilizer 15kg.
(2) life in 2 years is selected in the selection of snakegourd kind root, the radices trichosanthis piece of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, and the staminiferous plant ratio is cut into and grows the long segment of 5～10cm below 10%, dips at otch and dries slightly after getting ash.
(3) the snakegourd field planting is at the beginning of 4 months, on whole good plot with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5m, furrow width 35cm, dark 10cm, with the spacing in the rows field planting in ditch with 1m of the snakegourd rhizome chosen, during field planting rhizome is kept flat, earthing 3cm～5cm pours water in the ditch after the field planting, after 1 day snakegourd being planted ditch fills and leads up, and at last earthing 10cm, do the ridge, as shown in Figure 1.The upper strata covers white mulch film, so that heat and moisture preserving promotes the root piece to sprout.Push the overburden soil inspection situation of emerging after 20 days aside, after emerging film is removed.
(4) urge seedling and intertill and clean tillage snakegourd seedling long during to 15cm～20cm, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 25kg, and in time waters; Or attack a vital point at distance snakegourd base portion 20cm place, the dark 5cm～8cm in cave puts into the compacting of 30g carbon ammonium earthing, and in time waters.After snakegourd was emerged, along with the rising of temperature, soil evaporativeness strengthened gradually, for keeping soil water-retaining and gas permeability, should namely carry out surface tillage to soil suitably to plantation plot intertill and clean tillage, the topsoil hoe pine that will harden.Suitable surface tillage can reduce water evaporates, improves soil structure, promotes decomposition of soil organic matter, increases soil fertility, and intertillage simultaneously can also be removed weeds in field, reduces damage by disease and insect.
(5) after stand scaffolding snakegourd is emerged, the management of should puing up a shed immediately.Select the concrete column of 10cm * 10cm * 250cm, its spacing according to 2m is embedded in between the snakegourd plant of ridge, it is underground that to imbed 0.5m dark, the high 2m in ground, each concrete column top connects with No. 10 steel wires in length and breadth and is netted, it is underground that steel wire two is fixed on peripheral concrete column, drawn diagonal brace to fix peripheral concrete column simultaneously.After body frame was accomplished fluently, the selection aperture was that the nylon wire of 20cm is covered in steel wire top, periphery and concrete column upper fixed.Snakegourd is emerged when growing to 0.3～0.5m, at snakegourd plant next door oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope bamboo pole is connected with the top nylon wire, the snakegourd seedling is drawn receive on the nylon rope simultaneously, is convenient to it and climbs the climing canopy of going up, as shown in Figure 2.
(6) will in time prune after the branch-finishing and pruning snakegourd is emerged, base portion stays 2 major branches.Branch put on the shelf long during to 1.5m pinching pinch, and the timely overstocked and thin and delicate branch of growth, the water sprout etc. extractd, the unnecessary weak seedling of root, the axillalry bud on the following tendril of frame face will in time be erased, between result's armpit again the armpit branch of growth mostly be fruitless invalid branch, all dredge.Branch with frame top distributes according to different directions simultaneously, and the control branch is overlapping, influences photosynthesis of plant.After the 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, the stem length broken end of pinching to about the 2.5m to promote collateral generation, will in time cut off some little ends of the branch, Lao Ye and branch repeatedly simultaneously in process of growth.Side shoot, bud are extractd in snakegourd results back, so that nutrient accumulation is beneficial to the growth of 1 year snakegourd.
(7) seed in red sage root seedling field is gathered in the crops in the red sage root sowing June, admixes fine sand after the screening and is sprinkled in the furrow between the snakegourd ridge, and furrow are irrigated in advance, and seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting the upper strata covers one deck fine earth, is advisable to lose seed.20 ℃～25 ℃ of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged.Red sage root seedling is liked the moon in earlier stage, and 7～October, the snakegourd canopy can well play the effect of sheltering from heat or light, and in 10～November of later stage, the snakegourd rattan is withered, can make the red sage root carry out photosynthesis smoothly, carries out the carbohydrate accumulation, promotes root system development.3～April of next year can transplant when red sage root seedling has 3～4 pairs of blades, 300,000 strains of per mu yield red sage root seedling.
(8) the snakegourd germplasm of gathering is fruit usefulness, generally begins the flavescence maturation about early October successively, and harvesting standard is that fruit surface has white powder, and fruit colour is faint yellow.Behind the fruit maturation, the plant upper end is withered, and the top fruit is in ventilation, logical light state, therefore continuing to be allowed to condition at airing on the plant behind the fruit maturation, gathers after the Frost's Descent.When gathering, connect stem with scissors in carpopodium and stem junction and cut, living snakegourd can produce fresh fruit 3056kg/ mu in 1 year.
(9) it is climing to cut off stem before overwinter management freezes, and stays the long coiling of ground 1m plant overground part, and the withered part of red sage root seedling overground part is removed, with maize straw snakegourd and red sage root root are covered, or with the native integrated mound around the snakegourd base portion, mound 30cm above ground level is so that winter protection is survived the winter.
Claims (7)
1. snakegourd-red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: method is as follows: in April, select 2～3 years living snakegourd piece roots, the back field planting is handled in segment, put up a shed according to snakegourd plantation gap after emerging, and the snakegourd seedling is drawn rattan put on the shelf, carry out the snakegourd branch-finishing and pruning simultaneously; 6～July, gather salvia seeds, under the snakegourd frame, grow seedlings, carry out normal field management after emerging; The snakegourd of gathering November; Red sage root seedling and transplanting gather March in next year to the land for growing field crops.
2. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the mode that described selection snakegourd piece root, cut-out are handled is: the radices trichosanthis piece of selecting life in 2～3 years, robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, the staminiferous plant ratio is below 10%, be cut into the long segment of long 5～10cm, dip at otch and get ash and dry the back and plant.
3. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the planting system of described snakegourd is: at the beginning of 4 months, on the plot with the line-spacing ditching of 1.5m, furrow width 35cm, dark 10cm with spacing in the rows in ditch the field planting of snakegourd rhizome with 1m, during field planting keeps flat rhizome, earthing 3cm～5cm, pour water in the ditch after the field planting, after 1 day snakegourd is planted ditch and fill and lead up, and at last earthing 10cm, do the ridge, the upper strata covers white mulch film; Push the overburden soil inspection situation of emerging after 20 days aside, after emerging film is removed.
4. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the scaffolding mode of described snakegourd is: the concrete column of selecting 10cm * 10cm * 250cm, its spacing according to 2m is embedded in between the snakegourd plant of ridge, each concrete column top connects into netted in length and breadth with 1 steel wire, select nylon wire to be covered in steel wire top; Snakegourd is emerged when growing to 0.3～0.5m, at snakegourd plant next door oblique cutting one bamboo pole, with nylon rope bamboo pole is connected with the top nylon wire, the snakegourd seedling is drawn receive on the nylon rope simultaneously.
5. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the branch-finishing and pruning mode of described snakegourd is: the snakegourd back training of emerging, base portion stays 2 major branches; Branch put on the shelf long during to 1.5m pinching pinch; After the 2nd year, only stay a healthy and strong stem, stem is long to the 2.5m broken end of pinching; Side shoot, bud are extractd in snakegourd results back.
6. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of: the snakegourd seedling is long during to 15cm～20cm, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 25kg, and waters; Or: attack a vital point at distance snakegourd base portion 20cm place, the dark 5cm～8cm in cave puts into the compacting of 30g carbon ammonium earthing, and waters.
7. a kind of snakegourd according to claim 1 and red sage root stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the seedling raising manners of the described red sage root is: the seed of gathering in the crops the red sage root seedling field June, admixing fine sand after the screening is sprinkled in the furrow between the snakegourd ridge, furrow are irrigated in advance, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5kg seed, after planting the upper strata covers one deck fine earth, is advisable to lose seed; 20 ℃～25 ℃ of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged; 3～April of next year transplants when red sage root seedling has 3～4 pairs of blades.
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| CN109644788A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-19 | 乐山市五通桥区佛手中药材专业合作社 | A kind of fingered citron, Snakegourd Fruit, rhizoma polygonati three-dimensional interplanting method |
| CN109548610A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-02 | 临沂市农业科学院 | Aperture direct seeding technique on Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae film |
| CN110612862A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-27 | 南京农业大学 | Method for propagating atractylis lancea root tuber in sections |
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