CN103004440A - Stereoscopic ecological cultivation method of Taxus yunnanensis and walnut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tree planting, in particular to an interplanting technique of Taxus yunnanensis and walnuts. The invention aims at providing a stereoscopic ecological cultivation method of the Taxus yunnanensis and the walnuts. Through the reasonable interplanting of the Taxus yunnanensis and the walnuts, in combination with a precise field management technique, walnut trees create a more suitable growth environment for the Taxus yunnanensis and the goals of improving the survival rate and the growth speed of the Taxus yunnanensis are achieved; and by changing the branch shapes of the walnut threes at proper time and regulating the illuminating conditions, the growth of the Taxus yunnanensis is prompted at an early stage and the content of taxol in the Taxus yunnanensis is improved at a harvesting stage; and at the same time, the Taxus yunnanensis can take a reverse supplementing effect to the walnuts through the insect propelling characteristic of the Taxus yunnanensis, the influences caused by injurious insects to the walnuts are reduced and the quality of the walnuts is improved. The Taxus yunnanensis and the walnuts supplement each other and the produced economic benefits per unit land are greatly improved.

Description

The stereo ecological planting method of a kind of taxusyunnanensis and walnut

Technical field

The present invention relates to the planting technology field of trees, be specifically related to the interplanting technology of taxusyunnanensis and walnut.

Background technology

Taxusyunnanensis is the local endemic species of area centered by Yunnan, mainly is distributed in Baoshan City, the Tengchong County of the western regions of the Yunnan Province, the Dali of NW YUNNAN, Zhong Dian, Lijing, dimension west one band.Often be born in the Subtropical Mountainous of 1800～3500 meters of height above sea level, habitat scattered or block growth in Yin Po, half shady sloping Zhong Shan, inferior high mountain gentle slope, cheuch, two sides, streams dark coniferous forest, middle mountain mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest often becomes the lower floor arbor.Taxusyunnanensis contains taxol, and the compositions such as harringtonine are the active drugs for the treatment of kinds cancer; Through chemical analysis, content of taxol in the taxusyunnanensis is higher than other Chinese yew seeds far away, and its material is good, can be used for building, furniture, utensil etc., to integrate with material, medicinal, the rare tree of afforesting, Chinese yew is strong to environmental suitability, also has very vast potential for future development aspect afforestation, the indoor potted landscape.

Wild taxusyunnanensis growth of seedling is on Yin Po, half shady slope; the natural disposition happiness is cloudy; should not be exposed to the sun; if adopt traditional open-air artificial planting mode to be subject to the injury of high temperature; cause survival rate on the low side; for addressing this problem; the technology such as artificial built have appearred using; although can build the environment that is fit to the taxusyunnanensis growth; but greatly improved its planting cost; auxiliary equipment has also further reduced the availability to the soil, and overall economic benefit is low, is unfavorable for utilization and the protection of these rare seeds.

Walnut is the Important Economic seeds of Juglandaceae Juglans, and its kernel is nutritious, and protein content is high, and wherein to compare with other conventional nuts be the highest to human body absorbability albumen, and contain multi mineral prime element and vitamin.The resistance against diseases of walnut is stronger, the main cause that its growth is worked the mischief is various insects, the key factor that the output that to seek rational insect improvement method be walnut and fruit quality guarantee, China's walnut area under cultivation is large, occupy first place in the world, but walnut output is always low and unstable, quality is very different, economic benefit is not high, and existing Hetaoyuan planting patterns and managerial skills are low and the insect administration way is unreasonable, is its major reason that can not realize efficient high yield.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem that exists in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of taxusyunnanensis and walnut, reasonable interplanting by walnut and taxusyunnanensis, auxiliary in precision field management technology, making walnut is that taxusyunnanensis is built suitable growing environment, reach the purpose that improves taxusyunnanensis survival rate and growth rate, and by change the branch shape of walnut in good time, the regulating illumination condition, the growth of early promotion taxusyunnanensis improves the content of its taxol after entering picking time; Taxusyunnanensis also can form anti-benefit effect to walnut by the characteristic of its expelling parasite simultaneously, reduces it and is subjected to the insect effect, improves walnut quality.The two complements each other, and greatly improves the economic benefit that the unit soil produces.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technological means, and the stereo ecological planting method of a kind of taxusyunnanensis and walnut is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:

(1), selection and the preparation in cultivation place

Select mean sea level at 1300-2200m, the gradient less than little acid of 30 ° to neutral loosen, be rich in humus, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, the location of ventilating cool, soil property with sandy soil, sandy loam, loam for well, in the plantation place, soil temperature, moisture transducer are set, air themperature, humidity sensor, communications facility and watch-dog, and corresponding irrigation installation and humidification apparatus;

(2), plantation step

A, selection real walnut morning is as the kind of interplanting, between January December to next year, select height of seedling 60-70cm, the thick 1.2-1.5cm in footpath, the long 25-30cm of main root, root footpath 2.5-3.0cm, the machinery-free infringement, walnut seedling without damage by disease and insect, according to every mu of 40 strains, the density of seeding row spacing 3 * 5m is planted, first partly wrap the mud that is mixed with liquor potassic permanganate at the Juglans root system before the plantation, and sneak in the soil in the hole according to the amount of every strain 0.5-1.0Kg phosphate fertilizer, at growing area each sensor is set and can gathers corresponding data according to the growth cycle of crop, be pooled to watch-dog by communications facility, analyze by collecting location and numerical value to data, make irrigation in good time, the humidification instruction;

B, taxusyunnanensis fruit amount is few, the collection seed is difficult for, and for guaranteeing the stable of its component content and quality, adopt cottage method to grow seedlings, after the walnut of transplanting first grows to height of tree 1.5-2.0m, be chosen in the transplanting of carrying out taxusyunnanensis rainy season, selecting seedling age is 2-3, the taxusyunnanensis seedling of height of seedling 25-35cm, according to walnut fore-and-aft distance 1.5m, the planting density of lateral separation 2.5m is interplanted, adopt the dibbling mode, walnut and taxusyunnanensis height of seedling difference are obvious, form the cultivation system of a solid, simultaneously, each sensor is set according to the growth cycle collection corresponding data of crop at growing area, be pooled to watch-dog by communications facility, by collecting location and the numerical analysis to data, make irrigation in good time, the humidification instruction;

(3), plant management

Behind a, the taxusyunnanensis transplant survival, often weed out the rank grass, regularly topdress, will prevent ponding rainy season, in case mashed root topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, the treelet phase should be wiped out sprout tillers, straight and upright to guarantee trunk;

B, taxusyunnanensis are at treelet stage happiness the moon, normal growth need to shelter from heat or light, the walnut height of tree can be sheltered from heat or light to the taxusyunnanensis that is in the treelet phase in early days substantially at 2.0-2.5m at this moment, promotes the accumulation of material in its tree, taxusyunnanensis grew to about 3 years, walnut is pruned in good time, kept light transmittance more than 30%, during this period, the data that still need regular each sensor according to being arranged in the garden to gather are made corresponding operation after the analysis;

(4), taxusyunnanensis gathers

Adopt the taxusyunnanensis of the stereo cultivation method interplanting branches and leaves of generally gathering after 3 years, bright leaf all can be gathered throughout the year, after gathering as do not do bright processing, should in time spread out ventilates dries in the shade or dries, need regularly moisturizing supplementary fertilizer picking time, prune unnecessary walnut branch, keep light transmittance.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1, stereo cultivation method of the present invention takes full advantage of the early biological nature of real walnut and taxusyunnanensis, rationally utilized its each comfortable corresponding vegetative stage that have with conditions needs, transplant the stage at taxusyunnanensis, walnut has had certain altitude, obvious with taxusyunnanensis height of seedling difference, form the cultivation system of a solid, utilize the height of walnut to form a natural shade, the taxusyunnanensis that has satisfied being in the treelet phase shelters from heat or light in early days, promotes the accumulation of material in its tree; When taxusyunnanensis arrived the stage that needs increase illumination, early real walnut also entered the phase of bearing fruit, and need to carry out the pruning of branch, and pruning can improve the quality of walnut, also can increase the content of taxol in the taxusyunnanensis simultaneously.

2, the present invention with taxusyunnanensis and early real walnut interplant, also taking full advantage of walnut affected by insect pest, and taxusyunnanensis can pass through photosynthesis, the characteristics that outwards the volatilization citronellal can expelling parasite, fully followed the growth rhythm of every kind of crop, form walnut and provide the environment that is suitable for growing for taxusyunnanensis, and taxusyunnanensis provides the mutually beneficial complement mode of certain anthelmintic action for walnut, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, guaranteed the safety of relevant food medicine.

3, the present invention has adopted crop information administrative skill to a certain extent, and the one, can promote the scientific and technological content of agricultural planting industry; The 2nd, can realize the management precision of the proportion of crop planting of the high added values such as taxusyunnanensis and walnut, in time the problem that occurs in the process of crop growth and demand are detected and react, reduce the consumption of water resource, saved resource; The 3rd, can be systematized the walnut of planting and the quality of taxusyunnanensis be control effectively, and then promote the development of industry and get agricultural profit.

Embodiment

Present embodiment carries out at the Qujing City of Yunnan Province Qilin District, the about 1900m of this place mean sea level, the gradient is less than 30 °, P in soil H value is between 6.0-7.0, the soil is porous, be rich in humus, be mainly sandy loam, after the levelling of the land, at correct position soil temperature, moisture transducer are set, air themperature, humidity sensor, communications facility and watch-dog, and corresponding irrigation installation and humidification apparatus, selection is the real walnut morning in 3 years from seedling planting to the cycle of yielding positive results, and the taxusyunnanensis seedling is as the kind of interplanting.

At first between January December to next year, select height of seedling 60-70cm, the thick 1.2-1.5cm in footpath, the long 25-30cm of main root, root footpath 2.5-3cm, the machinery-free infringement, walnut seedling without damage by disease and insect, according to every mu of 40 strains, the density of seeding row spacing 3 * 5m is planted, and partly wraps the mud that is mixed with liquor potassic permanganate at the Juglans root system first before the plantation, and sneaks in the interior soil in hole according to the amount of every strain 0.5-1.0Kg phosphate fertilizer, each sensor can gather corresponding data according to the growth cycle of crop, be pooled to watch-dog by communications facility, by collecting location and the numerical analysis to data, make irrigation in good time, the humidification instruction;

After the walnut of transplanting first grows to height of tree 1.5-2.0m, be chosen in the transplanting of carrying out taxusyunnanensis rainy season, selecting seedling age is 2-3, the taxusyunnanensis seedling of height of seedling 25-35cm, according to walnut fore-and-aft distance 1.5m, the planting density of lateral separation 2.5m is interplanted, adopt the dibbling mode, seedling root is unfolded, dig the cave-seedling-having peace of mind of banketing-put forward-rhizosphere ridging-banking up-water permeable, corresponding data according to the sensor collection, irrigate in good time, humidification, rainy season is prevented ponding in l～2 time of topdressing every year, annual intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time, earth up 4-5 time, topdress in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, the source of manure is take farmyard manure as main, the treelet phase should be wiped out sprout tillers, and is straight and upright to guarantee trunk.

Behind the taxusyunnanensis transplant survival, the walnut height of tree can be sheltered from heat or light to the taxusyunnanensis that is in the treelet phase in early days substantially at 2.0-2.5m, promotes the accumulation of material in its tree; Grow to about two and half, the taxusyunnanensis height of tree is about 1.2m, need to increase illumination, allow its horizontal foliation, the content of taxol in its leaf is improved, this moment, early real walnut also entered fruiting period, because eccentric growth is strengthened and the factor such as Fruit quantity increasing gradually, need to prune in good time, prevent that the tree crown expansion capability weakens along with result quantities increases, descending branch, thin and delicate branch increases, the tree crown improper ventilation causes some branches weak withered, during pruning in order to control the height of bearing-age tree, can utilize the top trident branch head that progressively falls, major branch with topmost replaces the tree head, and the height of tree is controlled at about 6 meters, removes ahead of time overstocked branch, also should process simultaneously back of the body branch in good time, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that upgrades in time makes in it thorax not empty, the periphery is not squeezed, and is not enough for illumination, consumption should in time remove greater than the weak branch of accumulation, keeping light transmittance in growth season about 50%, during this period, the data that still need regular each sensor according to being arranged in the garden to gather are made corresponding operation after the analysis.

Interplant after 3 years, statistical data shows, adopting the taxusyunnanensis survival rate of the method plantation is 90%, the taxusyunnanensis height of tree is about 1.5m, the branches and leaves of can gathering refine taxol, the about 400Kg of walnut per mu yield walnut, and the economic benefit in unit soil improves greatly, and whole cultivation process Pesticides amount of application seldom, basic non-environmental-pollution.

Claims (1)

1. the stereo ecological planting method of a taxusyunnanensis and walnut is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:

(1), selection and the preparation in cultivation place

Select mean sea level at 1300-2200m, the gradient less than little acid of 30 ° to neutral loosen, be rich in humus, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is plump, the location of ventilating cool, soil property with sandy soil, sandy loam, loam for well, in the plantation place, soil temperature, moisture transducer are set, air themperature, humidity sensor, communications facility and watch-dog, and corresponding irrigation installation and humidification apparatus;

(2), plantation step

A, selection real walnut morning is as the kind of interplanting, between January December to next year, select height of seedling 60-70cm, the thick 1.2-1.5cm in footpath, the long 25-30cm of main root, root footpath 2.5-3cm, the machinery-free infringement, walnut seedling without damage by disease and insect, according to every mu of 40 strains, the density of seeding row spacing 3 * 5m is planted, first partly wrap the mud that is mixed with liquor potassic permanganate at the Juglans root system before the plantation, and sneak in the soil in the hole according to the amount of every strain 0.5-1.0Kg phosphate fertilizer, at growing area each sensor is set and gathers corresponding data according to the growth cycle of crop, be pooled to watch-dog by communications facility, analyze by collecting location and numerical value to data, make irrigation in good time, the humidification instruction;

B, taxusyunnanensis fruit amount is few, the collection seed is difficult for, and for guaranteeing the stable of its component content and quality, adopt cottage method to grow seedlings, after the walnut of transplanting first grows to height of tree 1.5-2.0m, be chosen in the transplanting of carrying out Chinese yew rainy season, selecting seedling age is 2-3, the taxusyunnanensis seedling of height of seedling 25-35cm, according to walnut fore-and-aft distance 1.5m, the planting density of lateral separation 2.5m is interplanted, adopt the dibbling mode, walnut and taxusyunnanensis height of seedling difference are obvious, form the cultivation system of a solid, simultaneously, each sensor is set according to the growth cycle collection corresponding data of crop at growing area, be pooled to watch-dog by communications facility, by collecting location and the numerical analysis to data, make irrigation in good time, the humidification instruction;

(3), plant management

Behind a, the taxusyunnanensis transplant survival, often weed out the rank grass, regularly topdress, will prevent ponding rainy season, in case mashed root topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, the treelet phase should be wiped out sprout tillers, straight and upright to guarantee trunk;

B, taxusyunnanensis are at treelet stage happiness the moon, normal growth need to shelter from heat or light, the walnut height of tree can be sheltered from heat or light to the taxusyunnanensis that is in the treelet phase in early days substantially at 2.0-2.5m at this moment, promotes the accumulation of material in its tree, taxusyunnanensis grew to about 3 years, walnut is pruned in good time, kept light transmittance more than 30%, during this period, the data that still need regular each sensor according to being arranged in the garden to gather are made corresponding operation after the analysis;

(4), taxusyunnanensis gathers

Adopt the taxusyunnanensis of the stereo cultivation method interplanting branches and leaves of generally gathering after 3 years, bright leaf all can be gathered throughout the year, after gathering as do not do bright processing, should in time spread out ventilates dries in the shade or dries, need regularly moisturizing supplementary fertilizer picking time, prune unnecessary walnut branch, keep light transmittance.