CN106305119A - Way of intercropping gingko under trichosanthes kirilowii - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a way of intercropping trichosanthes kirilowii, which includes (1)The choice of field and arrange the field; (2)the building of frame of trichosanthes kirilowii; (3)the planting and managing of the trichosanthes kirilowii; (4)the breeding and sprouting of gingko; (5)the transplanting of the gingko seedlings; (6)the using of the intercropped land resource of the trichosanthes kirilowii , improving the period management; (7)the harvesting of the trichosanthes kirilowii; (8)the transplanting of the gingko seedlings. The invention transplants the gingko under the trichosanthes kirilowii, which effectively increases the availability of the land. Meanwhile, with the features of gingko seedlings not bearing high temperature and strong light, trichosanthes kirilowii can effectively block the sunshine, decrease the temperature. And sunshades are not required, which reduce the cost of growing seedlings, the plant diseases and insect pests rate. The whole process of growing seedlings is more environmental.

Description

The method planting Semen Ginkgo between under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of plants technology, a kind of method planting nursery Semen Ginkgo between particularly relating under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan.

Background technology

Fructus Trichosanthis, has another name called wild calabash, medicine melon, is commonly called as " Semen Trichosanthis ".For herbaceous perennial vine Wild Medicinal, botany Upper genus Cucurbitaceae, Fructus Trichosanthis belongs to, and Fructus Trichosanthis is single leaf alternate, and profile is circular or ovum shape is heart-shaped, often in palmation, dioecism, male Spending several, in raceme or dilute Dan Sheng, female flower Dan Sheng, ovary is avette, and fruit is subsphaeroidal, yellowish-brown after maturation, smooth, really flesh Three lobes, have and most flatten shape seed, and factor is affected with weather etc. by geographical, and Fructus Trichosanthis is distributed mainly on southeast, as Chinese, Korea, Japan, Philippine etc., be mainly distributed on northern territory and the Yangtze river basin in China, as Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Henan, Multiple province such as Jiangsu.

Fructus Trichosanthis whole body is precious, and for one of conventional large Chinese herbal medicine, Fructus Trichosanthis fruit, root all can be used as medicine, and fruit is Fructus Trichosanthis, really Shell is Pericarpium Trichosanthis, and seed is Semen Trichosanthis, and root name is Radix Trichosanthis, and Fructus Trichosanthis has removing heat-phlegm, relieving stuffiness of the chest by dispersing aggregation of pathogens, moisturizes laxation, detumescence The effects such as evacuation of pus.Owing to Fructus Trichosanthis whole body is all precious, seed core edible, really, skin, root all can be used as medicine, the therefore huge market demand, send out Exhibition has a extensive future.In order to ensure the fruit bearing rate of Fructus Trichosanthis, about about 240 strains, so there is substantial amounts of soil money in general every mu of amount The waste in source.

The fruit of ginkgo is commonly called as Semen Ginkgo, and therefore Semen Ginkgo has another name called maidenhair tree.Ginkgo growth is relatively slow, and the life-span is the longest, natural Under the conditions of from be planted to tie ginkgo nut take more than 20 year, after 40 years could large result, have the most again people that it is referred to as " Gongsun Tree ", there is the implication of " public affairs are planted and grandson must eat ", be the venerable old man or lady in tree.

Semen Ginkgo is precious from head to foot, integrate edible, medicinal, material with, afforest and view and admire etc. multiple use, there is the highest section Grind, economy, medicine and ecological use are worth.

1. Semen Ginkgo scientific research value: ginkgo is Relict Plant the most ancient in the existing seed plant in the world, the 4th century ice Become the seeds that China is unique after river, be described as " activation three is ancient " at academia always.GUO Shou jin is referred to as the " sage in east Person ", the lived memorial tower of civilization " Chinese ", be " completely by manpower preserve rare ", be " with Chinese culture with All next permanent ancient witnesses ".

2. ginkgo nut is worth: ginkgo nut is first-class dry fruit, and nutritious, taste is sweet and refreshing, and medicine food is all good

A, the edibility of ginkgo nut: containing starch, crude protein, nucleoprotein, crude fat, sucrose, mineral, thick in ginkgo kernel Fibers etc., are high-grade nourishing fruits.

B, medical value: doctor's food homology from ancient times.Semen Ginkgo is as dietetic therapy articles for use, and tonic is the most with a long history.

3. Folium Ginkgo is worth: Folium Ginkgo has the highest medical value.Through China about professional institution and pharmaceutical university etc. Unit detects, and its main component flavonoid glycoside is up to more than 35%, and Total terpene lactones is up to more than 10%, and wherein bilobalide is up to 3.5% Above, ginkgoic acid < 5ppm, loss on drying, residue on ignition, stay Hygienic Index and all meet national standard by content of beary metal.3. silver Fructus Pruni timber is worth: Ginkgo wood material is fine quality, is easily dried, and speed is fast, does not warps and fractures, has special medicated incense taste concurrently, have " silver perfume Wood " title.Easily, tangent plane is smooth, and after paint, bright property is good in cutting.Gluing easily.Nail-holding ability is weak, does not cleaves.It is usually used in building Build, inlay, various artistic carving, high culture and musical instrument appliance and industrial special apparatus etc..

4. ornamental ginkgo is worth: ginkgo height is big, tall and sturdy tall and straight, natural, graceful and poised portly, and dignified attractive in appearance, aspect is clearly demarcated and has spy Color.

5. the Semen Ginkgo ecological value: Semen Ginkgo disease and insect resistance, anti-pollution, to unsuitable environmental condition strong adaptability, is excellent green Change seeds.

The propagation method of Semen Ginkgo can be largely classified into the methods such as sowing, cuttage and grafting at present.Sowing is then to use relatively For extensively, suit large area to popularize the method planted.But during seed propagation, owing to ginkgo seedling non-refractory is with strong Light, the most suitable sunshade is extremely advantageous to the growth promoter of seedling.Often it will be seen that all ginkgo seedlings in nursery Being in person under building or big tree tree crown shade, nursery stock growing way is obviously good, and this absolutely proves necessity of ginkgo seedling sunshade Property.Using the most universal sunshading method at present is to set up booth, bedding sunshade net, although this method effect is ideal, But owing to investment is very big, large-area nursery is difficult to carry out, but also there is problem not environmentally.

Summary of the invention

In order to make full use of the land resource in Fructus Trichosanthis ground, during solving Semen Ginkgo seed propagation, due to Semen Ginkgo children simultaneously Seedling non-refractory and high light, the problem needing suitable sunshade ability development growth smoothly, the invention provides under a kind of Fructus Trichosanthis rattan Between plant nursery Semen Ginkgo method.

In order to realize above target, the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:

(1) selection of land, whole

Selecting sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, and preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, there are water source and the good soil of draining as ground, garden；

Ground, garden tilling depth 20-30cm that will choose, before turning over, mu executes the fertilizer 1500-2000kg become thoroughly decomposed, high-load sulphuric acid K composite fertilizer 10-15kg, after deep ploughing, is organized into row spacing 2.5-3.0m, the seedbed of ridge height 20-30cm by field, and flat treating is ploughed in face, ridge Transplant；

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis is transplanted or emerged, found cement by the standard of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m in ground Column, column upper end is selected stainless steel silk to pull into the grid of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m, is then put nylon wire above；

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

Early March selects the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 2.5-3.0m*0.9-1.0m, is to dig out Seedling hole in seedbed, and in hole Inside putting the farmyard manure about 0.5-1kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, kept flat by the tuber processed, fine sand 2-3cm is covered on tuber surface, waters sufficient moisture, then covers Upper 2cm fine sand；It is then covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 0.3-0.5 rice, be plugged and climb up by holding on to thing, with soft band rope Seedling is fixed on and climbs up by holding on on thing, promote its to Upper growth, is allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu, with 1-2% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, is watered at Seedling 5-10cm and executes, every 7-10 It once carries Seedling 3-4 time in conjunction with anti-nematicide；Attention control droop and mosaic virus simultaneously；

(4) seed selection of Semen Ginkgo and accelerating germination

In at the beginning of 5 months late Aprils, select to have that gloss, grain be big, size and particle shape is neat, full, free from insect pests, without the seed gone mouldy, Soak 12-24h with carbendazim, then seed is kept flat into being covered with wood flour interior with the accelerating germination hole of sand mixture, then cover one layer Moistening wood flour and the mixture of sand, finally layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae on hole；Note temperature in monitoring hole, be maintained at 25-30 Degree, and regulated by plus-minus Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

(5) transplanting of Semen Ginkgo bud

Start to tell after bud grows true leaf until Semen Ginkgo kind in catalysis tooth, can transplant；Vacant lot under Fructus Trichosanthis frame, by line-spacing 10- 15cm, the specification of spacing in the rows 10-15cm dig out transplant Semen Ginkgo sprout Seedling hole, after watering, sprout is planted, and earthing 2-3cm, After transplanting, noting combines with Fructus Trichosanthis executes liquid manure；And mix with potassium dihydrogen phosphate every Xanthohumate of spray in 7 days during seedling Close liquid；

(6) field final-period management

After nursery completes, it should be noted that middle weeding, fertilising are also watered in good time；Fructus Trichosanthis is it should be noted that prevent and treat nematicide, wither simultaneously Disease and mosaic virus；Semen Ginkgo Seedling is it should be noted that prevent and treat the subterranean pest-insect such as cutworm, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates and neck rot；

(7) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit is that crocus just can be gathered in the crops by blue-stain, gathers in batches, takes out seed and flesh fermentation is treated for 24-48 hour Wash, remove after cleaning and dry；

(8) transplanting of ginkgo seedling

The Semen Ginkgo of Fructus Trichosanthis ground nursery upper one year can be transplanted by Second Year early March, and Semen Ginkgo Seedling now can be high temperature resistant And sunlight；Place under the Fructus Trichosanthis frame vacated, can carry out again the Semen Ginkgo nursery of a new round.

Semen Ginkgo is introduced a fine variety to Fructus Trichosanthis rattan by the present invention, can effectively utilize the land resource in Fructus Trichosanthis field, improve soil Utilization rate, simultaneously because ginkgo seedling non-refractory and high light, the existence of Fructus Trichosanthis rattan can effectively sunshade, hide temperature, be not required to Separately to add sunshade net, reduce seedling cost, and the more environmental protection of whole seedling raising process.

Specific implementation method.

Embodiment

(1) selection of land, whole

Selecting sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, and preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, there are water source and the good soil of draining as ground, garden.

Ground, garden tilling depth 30cm that will choose, before turning over, mu executes the fertilizer 1500kg become thoroughly decomposed, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10kg, after deep ploughing, is organized into row spacing 3.0m, the seedbed of ridge height 20cm by field, and face, ridge is ploughed to put down and waited to transplant.

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis is transplanted or emerged, found cement post, column by the standard of 3.0m*3.0m in ground Upper end selects stainless steel silk to pull into the grid of 3.0m*3.0m, then puts the nylon wire of 20 finger meshes above.

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

Early March selects the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 2.7m*0.9m, is to dig out Seedling hole in seedbed, and puts and become thoroughly decomposed in hole Farmyard manure about 0.5kg, keeps flat the tuber processed, and fine sand 2cm is covered on tuber surface, waters sufficient moisture, then is covered with 2cm fine sand；So Rear mulching straw；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae.

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 0.4m, plug some thin branches as climbing up by holding on to thing, with soft band rope Seedling is fixed on and climbs Help on thing, promote it and grow up, be allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu of use 1% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, water at Seedling 10cm and execute, Every 10 days once.

Before Semen Ginkgo seed is planted, also should prevent and treat nematicide in the following way 3 times, select 1.5% spirit 3500 times really for the first time Liquid every waters 250ml, second and third time at 1.5% really in spirit solution of dilution 3500 times, then by the dilution ratio of 500 times Example separately adds 1.8% avilamycin.

(4) seed selection of Semen Ginkgo and accelerating germination

In at the beginning of 5 months late Aprils, select to have that gloss, grain be big, size and particle shape is neat, full, free from insect pests, without the seed gone mouldy, Soak 12h with the carbendazim solution of dilution 200 times, then seed is kept flat into being covered with 1:3 ratio wood flour and sand mixture Accelerating germination hole is interior, then covers the mixture of one layer of moistening wood flour and sand, finally layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae on hole；Note monitoring hole Interior temperature, is maintained at 25-30 degree, and is regulated by plus-minus Caulis et Folium Oryzae.

(5) transplanting of Semen Ginkgo bud

Start to tell after bud grows two panels true leaf until Semen Ginkgo kind in catalysis tooth, can transplant；Vacant lot under Fructus Trichosanthis frame, by line-spacing 10cm, the specification of spacing in the rows 10cm dig out transplant Semen Ginkgo sprout Seedling hole, after watering, sprout is planted, and earthing 2-3cm, move After planting, noting combines with Fructus Trichosanthis executes liquid manure；And mix with potassium dihydrogen phosphate every Xanthohumate of spray in 7 days during seedling Liquid.

(6) field final-period management

After nursery completes, Fructus Trichosanthis and Semen Ginkgo are it is noted that middle weeding, fertilising watering in good time；Fructus Trichosanthis is it should be noted that prevent and treat simultaneously Nematicide, droop and mosaic virus, and note pollinating to Fructus Trichosanthis: concrete by following operation:

A) fertilising: by the end of April to early or mid May, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20-30kg should be buried, another additional boron fertilizer 1.5-2kg, zinc fertilizer 1kg.By the end of May to early and middle ten days in June, mu imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 25-30kg.Mid or late July, mu imposes compound fertilizer 25-35kg, By the end of August to JIUYUE, in conjunction with the anti-senilism of drought resisting, execute 2-3 time when watering with 5% potassium sulfate solution.

B) prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Aphid: select 10% to give a tongue-lashing 3000 times of liquid of worm quinoline or 5000 times of liquid of Acetamiprid.

Pathogenicity test: should rest in 1-3 instar larvae phase dispenser, larva contains the phase of sending out and prevents and treats, and available health is wide, 20% kill chrysanthemum 3000 times of liquid of ester, 6000 times of liquid of mite-killing pesticide, 500 times of liquid of metaflumizone spray, and reference only made by above medicament, such as this worm in this year Occur serious, also can be selected for other efficient pesticides and prevent and treat.

Aulacophora femoralis, is i.e. commonly called as Huang woman, and this worm adult and larva can be caused harm, and larva aims at harmful root, adult in soil Feeding habits are miscellaneous, eat food leaf, tender shoots, floral organ, and Herb can be made time serious dead.Start May to lay eggs on Fructus Trichosanthis, prevention and controls: bloom Before can be selected for wooden dipper first enemy, or 1000 times of liquid of 0% Rogor or other boil on the nape opposite the mouth medicaments prevent and treat.

Melon vine Anoplophorae seu Aprionae.The withered rattan of host processes, and digs ovum, and hook kills larva, catches adult, injects 50% enemy in fresh defecation hole 50 times of liquid of dichlorvos cream or dip in cotton balls and fill in hole, it is possible to put into aluminum phosphide tablet 0.2 gram in channel or insert aluminum phosphate poison Label are fumigated, or kill with carrying out hook under sharp-pointed thin wire diagonal stabbing 3-5.

Anthrax.Available 600 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl, Prochloraz 600 times of liquid of 500 times of liquid 70% Mancozebs, 75,%00 The clear 600 times of liquid of bacterium, and the chemical control such as benzene first, Fluoxastrobin, want upper and lower blade to be sprayed onto during spraying, melon and fruit to be sprayed, every 7 days Once, anti-3-4 effect is preferred, it is proposed that Multiple Pesticides is used alternatingly in preventing and treating.

Bacterial angular leaf spot.In their early stage or stretch the climing beginning phase and spray 14% 300 times of liquid of network ammonia copper, or 50% first frost copper is wettable Property 600 times of liquid of powder, or 77% can kill 400 times of liquid are prevented and treated, even anti-3-4 time, additionally can use 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times of liquid etc. are prevented and treated.

Semen Ginkgo Seedling is it should be noted that prevent and treat the subterranean pest-insect such as cutworm, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates and neck rot.

A) fertilising: after ginkgo seedling is unearthed, in mid-May mu execute 20 kilograms to 30 kilograms of carbamide, mid-June, mu was executed multiple 30 kilograms of Hefei, early August mu executes potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 kilograms；Seedling strain 5 centimetres to 10 centimetres should be left when topdressing, in order to avoid burn Nursery stock.

B) prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Seedling Stage is endangered by the subterranean pest-insect such as cutworm, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates often；Once finding, 1000 times of liquid of metrifonate of available 90% mix poison Bait is trapped and killed.

(7) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit is that crocus just can be gathered in the crops by blue-stain, gathers in batches, takes out seed and flesh fermentation is treated for 24-48 hour Wash, remove after cleaning and dry.

(8) transplanting of ginkgo seedling

The Semen Ginkgo of Fructus Trichosanthis ground nursery upper one year can be transplanted by Second Year early March, and Semen Ginkgo Seedling now can be high temperature resistant And sunlight；Place under the Fructus Trichosanthis frame vacated, can carry out again the Semen Ginkgo nursery of a new round.

Claims (1)

1. the method planting Semen Ginkgo between under Fructus Trichosanthis rattan, comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land, whole

Selecting sunny, ventilation condition is good, free of contamination, and soil layer is deep, and preferably this kind of that the soil is porous is fertile for sandy soil and loess Fertile, the good permeability of soil, there are water source and the good soil of draining as ground, garden；

Ground, garden tilling depth 20-30cm that will choose, before turning over, mu executes the fertilizer 1500-2000kg become thoroughly decomposed, high-load sulphuric acid K composite fertilizer 10-15kg, after deep ploughing, is organized into row spacing 2.5-3.0m, the seedbed of ridge height 20-30cm by field, and flat treating is ploughed in face, ridge Transplant；

(2) the building of Fructus Trichosanthis frame

Behind the seedbed put in order, before Fructus Trichosanthis is transplanted or emerged, found cement by the standard of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m in ground Column, column upper end is selected stainless steel silk to pull into the grid of 2.5-3.0m*2.5-3.0m, is then put nylon wire above；

(3) plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis and management

Early March selects the measured tuber of matter, by the specification of 2.5-3.0m*0.9-1.0m, is to dig out Seedling hole in seedbed, and in hole Inside putting the farmyard manure about 0.5-1kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, kept flat by the tuber processed, fine sand 2-3cm is covered on tuber surface, waters sufficient moisture, then covers Upper 2cm fine sand；It is then covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae；Treat that Fructus Trichosanthis Seedling length is unearthed face, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

When Fructus Trichosanthis stem grows to 0.3-0.5 rice, be plugged and climb up by holding on to thing, with soft band rope Seedling is fixed on and climbs up by holding on on thing, promote its to Upper growth, is allowed to reach frame face as early as possible；Meanwhile, every mu, with 1-2% ammonium bicarbonate solution 200kg, is watered at Seedling 5-10cm and executes, every 7-10 It once carries Seedling 3-4 time in conjunction with anti-nematicide；Attention control droop and mosaic virus simultaneously；

(4) seed selection of Semen Ginkgo and accelerating germination

In at the beginning of 5 months late Aprils, select to have that gloss, grain be big, size and particle shape is neat, full, free from insect pests, without the seed gone mouldy, Soak 12-24h with carbendazim, then seed is kept flat into being covered with wood flour interior with the accelerating germination hole of sand mixture, then cover one layer Moistening wood flour and the mixture of sand, finally layer overlay Caulis et Folium Oryzae on hole；Note temperature in monitoring hole, be maintained at 25-30 Degree, and regulated by plus-minus Caulis et Folium Oryzae；

(5) transplanting of Semen Ginkgo sprout

Start to tell after bud grows true leaf until Semen Ginkgo kind in catalysis tooth, can transplant；Vacant lot under Fructus Trichosanthis frame, by line-spacing 10- 15cm, the specification of spacing in the rows 10-15cm dig out transplant Semen Ginkgo sprout Seedling hole, after watering, sprout is planted, and earthing 2-3cm, After transplanting, noting combines with Fructus Trichosanthis executes liquid manure；And mix with potassium dihydrogen phosphate every Xanthohumate of spray in 7 days during seedling Close liquid；

(6) field final-period management

After nursery completes, it should be noted that middle weeding, fertilising are also watered in good time；Fructus Trichosanthis is it should be noted that prevent and treat nematicide, wither simultaneously Disease and mosaic virus, and note pollinating to Fructus Trichosanthis；Semen Ginkgo Seedling is it should be noted that prevent and treat the subterranean pest-insect such as cutworm, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates and neck Maize ear rot；

(7) Fructus Trichosanthis harvesting

9-11 month Fructus Trichosanthis fruit is that crocus just can be gathered in the crops by blue-stain, gathers in batches, takes out seed and flesh fermentation is treated for 24-48 hour Wash, remove after cleaning and dry；

(8) transplanting of ginkgo seedling

The Semen Ginkgo of Fructus Trichosanthis ground nursery upper one year can be transplanted by Second Year early March, and Semen Ginkgo Seedling now can be high temperature resistant And sunlight；Place under the Fructus Trichosanthis frame vacated, can carry out again the Semen Ginkgo nursery of a new round.