CN103518548A

CN103518548A - Camellia oleifera large tree shoot grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN103518548A
Application number: CN201310497175.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张敏; 李晓铁; 陈江平; 宋西娟; 杜忠
Original assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY SCIENCES
Current assignee: GUIZHOU INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY SCIENCES
Priority date: 2013-10-21
Filing date: 2013-10-21
Publication date: 2014-01-22

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry production, and relates to a camellia oleifera large tree shoot grafting method, in particular to a grafting method used in the crown changing process of camellia oleifera and the camellia grafting process of the camellia oleifera. The camellia oleifera large tree shoot grafting method includes the following steps of firstly, selecting the camellia oleifera with good growth vigour as a grafting rootstock; secondly, cutting off branches at the upper portion of the portion to be grafted and reserving branches at the lower portion of the portion to be grafted at the end of winter and the beginning of spring and before the camellia oleifera sprouts; thirdly, reserving two to four buds closest to a cut section and removing the rest of buds after the camellia oleifera sprouts; fourthly, cutting off the position, 2cm to 3cm away from the bud position, of a shoot to conduct grafting after the buds of the shoot grow into lignified branches, and completing the grafting process, wherein the grafting time is in autumn. According to the camellia oleifera large tree shoot grafting method, the grafting survival rate is improved, the problem that the rootstock is dry, cracks and is not long in service life after grafting survival is achieved is solved, and grafting can be conducted again on the basis that the primary grafting survival is not achieved.

Description

The new branch grafting method of the large tree of a kind of oil tea

Technical field

The invention belongs to production of forestry technical field, relate in particular to a kind of be applied to the large tree of oil tea change hat or the large tree grafting of oil tea camellia process in a kind of grafting method.

Background technology

At present at great Shu, to change what in hat grafting process, adopt be all directly upper employing of the large limb of oil tea (stock), to draw bark graft, cut-grafting, tear the methods such as skin interlocking and carry out grafting for oil tea or camellia, the feature of this method is that the Comparison of Stocks of grafting part is thick, and after grafting, ubiquitous problem is: the one, and graft survival rate is low; The 2nd, grafting part is difficult to heal completely; The 3rd, in the process of growth after grafting survival, cruelly splitting easily appears drying up in oil tea stock, finally can cause plant dead; The 4th, grafting does not for the first time survive rear difficult benefit and connects, and after benefit connects, is difficult to survive.

Summary of the invention

For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the new branch grafting method of the large tree of a kind of oil tea.

The invention provides the new branch grafting method of the large tree of a kind of oil tea, comprise the following steps:

1) the large tree of oil tea that selection is grown fine is as graft stock;

2) at the beginning of the last month of spring in winter before the large tree rudiment of described oil tea, the position of grafting to divide branch to cut out on top, the anvil that breaks for the first time, retains part branch;

3), after the large tree rudiment of described oil tea, retain 2～4 rudiments nearest apart from section, and remove remaining whole rudiments;

4) at described shoot sprout growth, become after lignification branch, described shoot, apart from described rudiment place 2cm～3cm place, block, the anvil that breaks for the second time, carries out grafting and completes grafting process, and grafting time is autumn.

Wherein, at the beginning of described last month of spring in winter in February of the annual Gregorian calendar to March.

Grafting method provided by the invention is not on stock, to carry out grafting after the large tree of oil tea is broken anvil for the first time at once, but allow stock first sprout sprouting, by the time sprouting grows into after lignification branch, more a kind of new method of break on shoot anvil grafting breeding oil tea or camellia.The method can effectively solve the withered phenomenon of cruelly splitting of oil tea stock, thereby improves oil tea graft survival rate and extend the growth life-span of plant.

Preferably, described grafting time is in August～September.

Now, as the shoot of stock lignification, diameter is more than 0.3cm.

Preferred, described grafting method is cut-grafting or cleft grafting.

Grafting method can be selected conventional grafting method, comprises the following steps:

1, cut anvil

Cut-grafting method: cut disconnectedly from shoot rudiment 2cm～3cm place, select a more smooth side, a little is pruned in edge, form an inclined side, then cut downward vertically dark 1.0cm～1.5cm along inclined-plane from forming a layer position.

Cleft graft: cut disconnectedly from shoot rudiment 2cm～3cm place, more vertically split down dark 1.0cm～1.5cm along medulla.

2, cut fringe

Cut-grafting method: select smooth back of the body bud one side, down cut out a level and smooth tangent plane apart from the about 0.5cm of bud place, be deep to phloem, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, then is whittled into 20 °～30 ° inclined-plane intersections with it in its reverse side lower end, and bevel is smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf.

Cleft graft: be whittled into double inclined plane in the both sides of bud and be wedge shape, bevel becomes 30 °, bevel is long consistent with stock otch, and bevel is level and smooth, retains 1 bud 1 leaf.

3, grafting

The scion of cutting is inserted to the stock interface that cuts or rive, scion and stock form layer alignment, and bud is in outside.

4, wrapping: with plastics bandage or soft aluminium flake binding grafting mouth, dynamics is moderate, exposes eye.

The present invention has improved graft survival rate, has solved the withered cracking of stock, not long problem of life-span after grafting survival, and grafting again again on the basis not surviving in grafting for the first time.

Embodiment

For the ease of better understanding content of the present invention, below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.

Embodiment 1

The step of the new branch grafting method of the large tree of oil tea provided by the invention is:

1) select to grow fine, the age of tree about 10 years, grafting part trunk diameter the large tree of the oil tea plant of 2cm left and right as grafting object;

2) in the February at the beginning of the last month of spring in winter before the large tree rudiment of oil tea, the position of grafting to be blocked with saw on oil tea stock;

3) from the March of the large tree rudiment of oil tea, the plant that growing way is good can sprout a lot of rudiment bars on the trunk blocking, and only retains 2 budlings nearest apart from section, and remaining rudiment is all removed;

4) at sprout growth, become after lignified shoot, carry out grafting, wherein, grafting time is selected the early August in autumn.The branch of this stylish sprouting has grown to diameter 0.3cm left and right.

Embodiment 2

1) select to grow fine, the age of tree is about 15 years, grafting part trunk diameter the large tree of the oil tea plant of 3cm left and right as grafting object;

2) in the March at the beginning of the last month of spring in winter before the large tree rudiment of oil tea, the position of grafting to be blocked with saw on oil tea stock;

3) from the March of the large tree rudiment of oil tea, the plant that growing way is good can sprout a lot of rudiment bars on the trunk blocking, and only retains 3 budlings nearest apart from section, and remaining rudiment is all removed;

4) at sprout growth, become after lignified shoot, carry out grafting, wherein, grafting time is selected the late August in autumn, and the branch of this stylish sprouting has grown to diameter 0.4cm left and right.

Embodiment 3

1) select to grow fine, the age of tree is about 20 years, grafting part trunk diameter the large tree of the oil tea plant of 4cm left and right as grafting object;

3) from the March of the large tree rudiment of oil tea, the plant that growing way is good can sprout a lot of rudiment bars on the trunk blocking, and only retains 4 budlings nearest apart from section, and remaining rudiment is all removed;

4) at sprout growth, become after lignified shoot, carry out grafting, wherein, grafting time is selected the mid-September in autumn, and the branch of this stylish sprouting has grown to diameter 0.5cm left and right.

In above step, the selection of fringe bar: select the peripheral middle and upper part of tree crown when older, growth key is strong, eye is full, blade is normal, without damage by disease and insect, lignification fringe bar;

Disconnected anvil: branch blocks apart from rudiment place 2cm～3cm place on the new branch of sprouting of stock, and fracture is smooth not to rupture;

The selection of grafting method: adopt different grafting methods according to the new size of sprouting branch, branch thickness is in the employing cleft graft of 0.3cm left and right; Branch thickness is in the employing cut-grafting method of 0.5cm left and right;

Cutting anvil, cut fringe in grafting process, cuttings, wrapping, moisturizing and step and the described cut-grafting such as shade, cleft grafting method are identical.

Vigorous due to the relative veteran of growing power of shoot is dry, so grafting survival probability is higher than grafting on veteran is dry on shoot; Affinity and the symbiosis power of the branch of sprouting on trunk and the fringe bar in grafting are all more intense, therefore grafting is compared wound healing with grafting on primibranch and growth tendency is all better than the latter blocking on the branch that trunk sprouts, and can solve the withered cracking of stock after grafting survival, not long problem of life-span; The shoot growth newly sending is vigorous, grafting again again on the basis not surviving in grafting for the first time.

This method is changed hat and during the large tree grafting of oil tea camellia high the connecing of oil tea, obtained good effect, in actual plant development, utilized, for example: in while having carried out the large tree grafting of oil tea camellia in Xing An, guangxi harmonia mundi camellia garden since 2003, be widely used this technology; The large tree of oil tea in 2009 Nian Guilin City forestry scientific research institute Camellia oleifera Germplasms collection gardens also adopts this technology while changing hat.

The foregoing is only better embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the new branch grafting method of the large tree of oil tea, comprises the following steps:

1) the large tree of oil tea that selection is grown fine is as graft stock;

2) at the beginning of the last month of spring in winter before the large tree rudiment of described oil tea, wanting the place of grafting to divide branch to cut out on top, retain part branch;

4) at described sprout growth, become after lignified shoot, described shoot, apart from described rudiment place 2cm～3cm place, block, carry out grafting and complete the whole process of grafting, grafting time is autumn.

2. grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described grafting time is in August～September.

3. grafting method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described grafting method is cut-grafting or cleft grafting.