CN108702960B - Method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization change - Google Patents
Method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization change Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization, which comprises the following steps: step (1), preparing a scion-picking mother tree; step (2), collecting and storing spike strips; step (3), selecting and processing the rootstocks; step (4), high pile optimization; and (5) managing after grafting. The method can realize high yield, stable yield and high yield of the walnut by aiming at the walnut trees which are not fruited or have fruited but have poor quality and low yield and yield value beyond the physiological age, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, wide application range and grafting survival rate of more than 96 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving walnut yield, in particular to a method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization, and belongs to the field of planting.
Background
In recent years, the walnut industry is continuously developed, but due to the reasons of insufficient preparation of high-quality seedlings, lack of management technology, extensive tree management and the like, a large-area low-yield inferior walnut garden is formed, is a typical large-resource and small-yield industry, seriously hinders the enthusiasm of walnut farmers, and even has a bad situation of cutting walnut tree species zanthoxylum bungeanum or crops. For example: the planting area in the Zhaotong city reaches 440 ten thousand mu, the production area is 97.59 ten thousand mu, the total yield is 7.85 ten thousand tons, the first yield value is only 13 hundred million yuan, and the second yield and the third yield are basically none.
In order to reverse the unfavorable situation, regional walnut germplasm resource breeding work is actively carried out at present, through long-term effort, each county and district basically has 1-2 superior walnut trees capable of representing local regional characteristics, and then scions of the selected superior trees are subjected to high branch grafting, so that the walnut can be fruiting in advance, the walnut quality is improved, and the yield is improved. Because the grafting methods are various in types, such as cutting grafting, bark grafting tongue grafting, abdominal grafting and the like, but the problems of low grafting survival rate, complex operation, higher cost, strong application limitation and the like exist generally, and the grafting method is limited by conditions. Firstly, the method is dangerous to operate and high in grafting cost; secondly, the grafting survival rate is low and the later management difficulty is high.
Therefore, a method with simple operation, high survival rate, low cost and wide application range is urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization, and the method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, wide in application range and high in grafting survival rate. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization comprises the following steps:
step (1) preparation of ear-picking mother tree
Selecting a superior walnut tree as a mother tree, sawing off part of branches of the mother tree in the current year from 1 month to 3 months, wherein the thickness of the branches is more than 10cm, and germinating robust new branches in the next year;
step (2), collecting and storing spike strips
Selecting robust, disease and insect free and plump scion strips on the selected mother trees as scion buds from 1 to 3 months every year, quickly dipping the scion buds with wax at 55-60 ℃ and fully sealing, and storing the treated scion buds at 3-5 ℃;
step (3), rootstock selection and treatment
Selecting walnut trees with poor quality and the age of 5-30 a as stock, selecting the trunk of the stock as a grafting part, and sawing off the part 1.2-1.5 m away from the ground to form a saw cut with an included angle of 60-160 degrees, wherein the included angle between the central line of the included angle and the horizontal line is 10-20 degrees;
if the grafted part of the stock has branches, locally reserving the branches according to the tree vigor; if no branch exists, a plurality of openings are formed in the bottom of the stock and reach the xylem deeply, the saw openings are staggered up and down, and the length of each opening is 1-2 times of the trunk diameter of the stock;
cutting off the phloem of the stock from top to bottom at the lowest extension of the included angle of the kerf of the stock to reach the xylem to be used as a water drainage groove; is beneficial to the bleeding of the grafted rootstock and the drainage of the silt water outside the tree body.
Step (4), high pile changing
Cutting a large inclined plane of a pith at about 1 cm below the scion bud in the step (2), and cutting a small inclined plane at the back of the large inclined plane of the scion to make the small inclined plane in an inclined edge shape; flattening the left side and the right side of the top end of the included angle of the stock, vertically cutting a notch at each lateral cross section of a grafting position to reach the xylem, wherein the longitudinal length is 15-30 cm, inserting the prepared long cut surface of the grafted scion into the longitudinal cut of the stock, and tightly adhering the cut surface to the xylem of the stock; tightly wrapping the top end of the scion and the joint opening, and wrapping the lower part of the section to keep the drainage groove smooth; exposing scion buds when the wax-sealed scion buds are bound, and winding the scion buds which are not wax-sealed by a thin film for one circle;
step (5), management after grafting
Further, in the step (1), the sawed branches are dead branches, overlapped branches, crossed branches and skeleton branches without development potential of the mother tree.
Further, in the step (2), the thickness of the ear strips is 1.5-2.5 cm; the sealing wax is prepared by melting 95% paraffin wax + 5% yellow wax under heating.
Further, in the step (3), walnut trees without development potential, such as being not suitable for local climate, not bearing fruit, poor in bearing fruit quality and the like, are selected as the rootstocks.
Further, in the step (3), the port is about 1/15 of the main diameter of the rootstock, and the longitudinal length is about 15-40 cm. The thickness of the rootstock is determined.
Further, the step (4) is performed at a temperature of about 20 ° in the middle and upper 3 to 4 months per year.
Further, in the step (4), the length of the large slope is 6-10 cm, the angle of the small slope is about 120-160 degrees, and the length is 0.5-1 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the big scion inclined plane can not be completely inserted into the stock, and the white part just passes through the medulla.
Further, in the step (5), the post-grafting management comprises the following steps:
interface protection
In the grafting region, the entry of amateur personnel and livestock is strictly prevented; so as to avoid the interface dislocation or splitting caused by collision.
(II) sprout removal
About 20 days after grafting, if the stock leaves a water pumping branch, all the water pumping branches are removed; if no water-pumping branches exist, the shoots germinated at the bottom and the middle of the main diameter of the stock are removed in time, 2-3 shoots are reserved at the upper part of the main diameter of the stock, the complete removal is forbidden, and the water-pumping branches or the shoots reserved on the stock are removed when the new growth vigor of scion buds reaches the dynamic water balance with the underground part.
(III) unbinding
When scion grafting is longer than 10cm, if the rootstock and the scion are well healed, binding is timely removed; if the rootstock and the scion are not well healed, loosening the binding, and after the rootstock and the scion are well healed, removing the binding;
(IV) vertical support
When the new tip of the scion grows to 50-100 cm, the bracket is bound in time, and the new tip is bound on the bracket lightly to prevent wind break.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the stock is cut off at a position 1.2-1.5 m away from the ground, so that the operation is convenient, and manpower and material resources are saved; under the influence of external factors, if the grafting fails to survive in the current year, a part of the grafting can be sawed off again in the next year, and the grafting is carried out again; the root system of the ground diameter can transmit nutrient moisture to the grafting scion, and is beneficial to the rapid formation of the tree crown.
(2) The included angle of the saw cut surface is 60-160 degrees, the included angle of the center line of the included angle and the horizontal line is 10-20 degrees, and the method is beneficial to the drainage of wound and muddy water outside the tree body after the grafting of the stock.
(3) The large inclined plane is cut at 1 cm below the scion grafting bud, the pith is passed, the length is 6-10 cm, the small inclined plane is cut at the back of the large inclined plane of the scion, and the two cutters are cut, so that the scion is in an inclined edge shape, the angle is about 120-160 degrees, and the length is 0.5-1 cm, thereby being beneficial to enlarging the contact area of the scion and the stock and promoting the formation of callus.
(4) The method can realize high yield, stable yield and high yield of the walnut by aiming at the walnut trees which are not fruited or have fruited but have poor quality and low yield and yield value beyond the physiological age, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, wide application range and grafting survival rate of more than 96 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the rootstock and scion bud of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the stock and scion bud after the high stake is changed.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of examples of the present invention, and not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the Xinjiang walnut trees in the Zhaoyang village have the age of about 25a, the total number of 28 walnut trees is 28, foreign varieties are introduced, the local climatic conditions are not suitable due to regional differences, and although fruits are bearing for many years, the fruit quality is poor, the fruit drop is serious, the yield is extremely low, and the yield is basically not high.
The method for improving the walnut yield by adopting locally bred cannabis sativa No. 1 and cannabis sativa No. 2 as superior trees and adopting high-pile optimization changing comprises the following steps:
step (1) preparation of ear-picking mother tree
Selecting hemp No. 1 and hemp No. 2 as mother trees, sawing off part of branches of the mother trees in the current year for 1 month, wherein the thickness of the branches is 15cm, and germinating strong new branches in the next year; the sawed branches are dead branches, overlapped branches, crossed branches and bone stem branches without expansion potential of the mother tree.
Step (2), collecting and storing spike strips
Selecting robust, disease and insect free and plump scion strips on the alternative mother trees as scion buds in 2 months in the year, dipping the scion buds in wax for about 1 second at 55 ℃, and storing the treated scion buds in a cold storage at 3 ℃; the thickness of the ear strips is 1.8 cm; the sealing wax is prepared by melting 95% paraffin wax + 5% yellow wax under heating.
Step (3), rootstock selection and treatment
Walnut trees which are not suitable for local climate, do not bear fruits, have poor fruit bearing quality and the like and have no development potential are selected as the rootstocks. The tree age is 25a, the trunk of the stock is selected as a grafting part, and the stock is sawn off at a position 1.2m away from the ground, so that a sawn opening forms an included angle 1 of 120 degrees, and the included angle between the central line of the included angle and the horizontal line is 20 degrees;
if the grafted part of the stock has branches, locally reserving the branches according to the tree vigor;
cutting off the phloem of the stock from top to bottom at the lowest extension of the included angle 1 of the kerf of the stock to reach the xylem to be used as a water drainage groove 2; is beneficial to the bleeding of the grafted rootstock and the drainage of the stagnant water outside the tree body, as shown in figure 1.
Step (4), high pile changing
In the middle and last ten days of 3 months, the temperature is about 20 ℃.
Cutting a large slope with a pith at about 1 cm below the scion bud 3 in the step (2), wherein the length of the large slope is 8cm, and cutting a small slope at the back of the large slope of the scion to enable the small slope to be in an inclined edge type, wherein the angle of the small slope is about 120 degrees and the length of the small slope is 0.5 cm; the left side and the right side of the top end of the included angle of the stock are cut flat, an opening is vertically cut at each lateral cross section of the grafting position, the depth reaches the xylem, the longitudinal length is 20 cm, the prepared long cutting surface for grafting is inserted into the longitudinal cut of the stock, and the long cutting surface is tightly attached to the xylem of the stock; tightly wrapping the top end of the scion and the joint opening, and wrapping the lower part of the section to keep the drainage groove smooth; exposing scion buds when the wax-sealed scion buds are bound, and winding the scion buds which are not wax-sealed by a thin film for one circle; the big inclined surface of the scion can not be completely inserted into the stock and just passes through the medulla, and white leaves can be obtained.
Step (5), managing after grafting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
interface protection
In the grafting region, the entry of amateur personnel and livestock is strictly prevented; so as to avoid the interface dislocation or splitting caused by collision.
(II) sprout removal
About 20 days after grafting, if the stock leaves a water pumping branch, all the water pumping branches are removed; if no water-pumping branches exist, the shoots germinated at the bottom and the middle of the main diameter of the stock are removed in time, 2-3 shoots are reserved at the upper part of the main diameter of the stock, the complete removal is forbidden, and the water-pumping branches or the shoots reserved on the stock are removed when the new growth vigor of scion buds reaches the dynamic water balance with the underground part.
(III) unbinding
When scion grafting is longer than 10cm, if the rootstock and the scion are well healed, binding is timely removed; if the rootstock and the scion are not well healed, loosening the binding, and after the rootstock and the scion are well healed, removing the binding;
(IV) vertical support
When the new tip of the scion is 60 cm, the bracket is bound in time, and the new tip is bound on the bracket lightly to prevent wind break.
Finally, except one strain which is not survived due to wind fracture, the rest survives, and the survival rate reaches 96 percent. The inspection is carried out again in the next year, the height of the tree crown reaches 5m, and fruit bearing is started. The high-stake change of the excellent tree can recover the tree vigor within 3 to 5 years once the scion is newly formed because the root system of the crown of the stock is completely unfolded, thereby forming the high-quality walnut tree with high, high and stable yield.
Example 2
The method for improving the walnut yield by high-pile optimization comprises the following steps:
step (1) preparation of ear-picking mother tree
Selecting Qingfeng No. 1 and Qingfeng No. 2 as mother trees, sawing off part of branches of the mother trees in the current year for 2 months, wherein the thickness of the branches is more than 10cm, and allowing robust new branches to sprout in the next year; the sawed branches are dead branches, overlapped branches, crossed branches and bone stem branches without expansion potential of the mother tree.
Step (2), collecting and storing spike strips
Selecting robust, disease and insect free and plump scion strips on the selected mother trees as scion buds from 1 to 3 months every year, quickly dipping the scion buds with wax at 60 ℃ and fully sealing, and storing the treated scion buds at 5 ℃; the thickness of the ear strips is 2.5 cm; the sealing wax is prepared by melting 95% paraffin wax + 5% yellow wax under heating.
Step (3), rootstock selection and treatment
Walnut trees which are not suitable for local climate, do not bear fruits, have poor fruit bearing quality and the like and have no development potential are selected as the rootstocks. The tree age is 8 a, the trunk of the stock is selected as a grafting part, and the stock is sawn off at a position 1.5m away from the ground, so that a sawn opening forms an included angle 1 of 60 degrees, and the included angle between the central line of the included angle and the horizontal line is 10 degrees;
if the grafted part of the stock has branches, locally reserving the branches according to the tree vigor;
cutting off the phloem of the stock from top to bottom at the lowest extension of the included angle 1 of the kerf of the stock to reach the xylem to be used as a water drainage groove 2; is beneficial to the bleeding of the grafted rootstock and the drainage of the stagnant water outside the tree body, as shown in figure 1.
Step (4), high pile changing
In the middle-upper ten days of 4 months, the temperature is about 20 ℃.
Cutting a large slope with a pith at about 1 cm below the scion bud 3 in the step (2), wherein the length of the large slope is 8cm, and cutting a small slope at the back of the large slope of the scion, so that the small slope is in a slope edge type and has a small slope angle of about 160 degrees and a length of 1 cm; the left side and the right side of the top end of the included angle of the stock are cut flat, an opening is vertically cut at each lateral cross section of the grafting position, the depth reaches the xylem, the longitudinal length is 25 cm, the prepared long cutting surface for grafting is inserted into the longitudinal cut of the stock, and the long cutting surface is tightly attached to the xylem of the stock; tightly wrapping the top end of the scion and the joint opening, and wrapping the lower part of the section to keep the drainage groove smooth; exposing scion buds when the wax-sealed scion buds are bound, and winding the scion buds which are not wax-sealed by a thin film for one circle; the big inclined surface of the scion can not be completely inserted into the stock and just passes through the medulla, and the white part is left.
Step (5), managing after grafting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
interface protection
In the grafting region, the entry of amateur personnel and livestock is strictly prevented; so as to avoid the interface dislocation or splitting caused by collision.
(II) sprout removal
About 20 days after grafting, if the stock leaves a water pumping branch, all the water pumping branches are removed; if no water pumping branch exists, the twig germinated at the bottom and the middle of the main diameter of the stock needs to be removed in time, 2-3 twigs are reserved at the upper part of the main diameter of the stock, and the water pumping branch or the twig reserved on the stock is removed when the new growth potential of the scion bud and the underground part reach the dynamic water balance.
(III) unbinding
When scion grafting is longer than 10cm, if the rootstock and the scion are well healed, binding is timely removed; if the rootstock and the scion are not well healed, loosening the binding, and after the rootstock and the scion are well healed, removing the binding;
(IV) vertical support
When the new tip of the scion is 100 cm, the bracket is bound in time, and the new tip is bound on the bracket lightly to prevent wind break.
The present example survives completely, with a survival rate of 100%. The rest is the same as in example 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving walnut yield based on high-stake optimization is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1) preparation of ear-picking mother tree
Selecting a superior walnut tree as a mother tree, sawing off part of branches of the mother tree in the current year from 1 month to 3 months, wherein the thickness of the branches is more than 10cm, and germinating robust new branches in the next year;
step (2), collecting and storing spike strips
Selecting robust, disease and insect free and plump scion strips on the selected mother trees as scion buds from 1 to 3 months every year, quickly dipping the scion buds with wax at 55-60 ℃ and fully sealing, and storing the treated scion buds at 3-5 ℃;
step (3), rootstock selection and treatment
Selecting walnut trees with poor quality and the age of 5-30 a as stock, selecting the trunk of the stock as a grafting part, and sawing off the part 1.2-1.5 m away from the ground to form a saw cut with an included angle of 60-160 degrees, wherein the included angle between the central line of the included angle and the horizontal line is 10-20 degrees;
if the grafted part of the stock has branches, locally reserving the branches according to the tree vigor;
cutting off the phloem of the stock from top to bottom at the lowest extension of the included angle of the kerf of the stock to reach the xylem to be used as a water drainage groove; the port is about 1/15 of the main diameter of the stock, and the longitudinal length is about 15-40 cm;
step (4), high pile changing
Cutting a large inclined plane of a pith at about 1 cm below the scion bud in the step (2), and cutting a small inclined plane at the back of the large inclined plane to enable the small inclined plane to be in an inclined edge type; flattening the left side and the right side of the top end of the included angle of the stock, vertically cutting a notch at each lateral cross section of the grafting position to reach the xylem, wherein the longitudinal length is 15-30 cm, inserting the prepared large inclined plane into the longitudinal notch of the stock, and tightly adhering the large inclined plane to the xylem of the stock; tightly wrapping the top ends of the scion buds and the joint openings, and wrapping the lower part of the section to keep the water drainage groove smooth; exposing scion buds when the wax-sealed scion buds are bound; the length of the large slope is 6-10 cm, the angle of the small slope is about 120-160 degrees, and the length is 0.5-1 cm; the large inclined plane can not be completely inserted into the stock, and only needs to pass through the medulla, namely white is exposed;
and (5) managing after grafting.
2. The high-stake optimization-based walnut yield increasing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the sawed branches are dead branches, overlapped branches, crossed branches and bone trunk branches without development potential of the mother tree.
3. The high-stake optimization-based walnut yield increasing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the thickness of the ear strips is 1.5-2.5 cm; the sealing wax is prepared by melting 95% paraffin wax + 5% yellow wax under heating.
4. The high-stake optimization-based walnut yield increasing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), walnut trees which are not suitable for local climate, do not bear fruits and have poor fruit bearing quality and no development potential are selected as the rootstocks.
5. The high-stake optimization-based walnut yield increasing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step (4) is carried out from middle and last 3 months to middle and top 4 months every year at a temperature of about 20 degrees.
6. The high-stake optimization-based walnut yield increasing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the post-grafting management comprises the following steps:
interface protection
In the grafting region, the entry of amateur personnel and livestock is strictly prevented;
(II) sprout removal
About 20 days after grafting, if the stock leaves a water pumping branch, all the water pumping branches are removed; if no water pumping branch exists, the twig germinated at the bottom and the middle of the main diameter of the stock is removed in time, 2-3 twigs are reserved at the upper part of the main diameter of the stock, and the twig reserved on the stock is removed when the new growth potential of scion buds and the underground part reach the dynamic water balance;
(III) unbinding
When scion bud branching is longer than 10cm, if the rootstock and the scion bud are well healed, binding is timely removed; if the rootstock and the scion bud are not well healed, loosening the binding, and after the rootstock and the scion bud are well healed, removing the binding;
(IV) vertical support
When the new tip of the scion grafting bud grows to 50-100 cm, the bracket is bound in time, and the new tip is bound on the bracket slightly.
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| CN109618701A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-04-16 | 顾刚 | Cambial slotting skin engrafting method is stayed in a kind of oblique saw anvil scion of big tree three |
| CN110169304A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-08-27 | 成都市农林科学院 | Walnut branching grafting method |
| CN112930901A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-11 | 略阳县林业工作站 | Horse ear-shaped stock hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut tree from bleeding |
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