CN112930901A - Horse ear-shaped stock hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut tree from bleeding - Google Patents
Horse ear-shaped stock hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut tree from bleeding Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of walnut grafting, and discloses a malus-shaped stock hard branch treatment grafting method for preventing walnut trees from being wounded, which comprises five steps of stock cutting, scion inserting, binding and water discharging. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) according to the malus-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, disclosed by the invention, the walnut improved varieties are introduced by methods such as grafting and the like for asexual propagation, so that an effective way for popularizing the improved varieties of the walnut is provided; (2) the malus-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree has the advantages that the root of the walnut tree is pressed greatly, the bleeding is heavy, tannin in the bleeding can quickly block nutrient exchange between the scion and the stock cambium and block the supply of the stock nutrition to the scion, the bleeding is one of key factors influencing the high and low survival rate of walnut grafting, and the bleeding control is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of walnut tree grafting, and particularly relates to a malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut tree bleeding.
Background
The walnuts have a long cultivation history in China, but most of the walnuts are forest stands bred by the actual walnuts, the varieties are mixed, the quality is not uniform, the quality is poor, and the economic benefit is not high. The quality, the quality and the benefit of walnut forest stand are improved. The asexual propagation by introducing improved walnut seeds by methods such as grafting and the like is an effective way for promoting improved walnut seed production.
Because the walnut tree has large root pressure and heavy bleeding, tannin in bleeding can quickly block nutrient exchange between the scion and a rootstock cambium and block the supply of rootstock nutrition to the scion, the bleeding is one of key factors influencing the high and low survival rate of walnut grafting, and the control of the bleeding is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.
In view of this, this patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the patent adopts the horse ear-shaped stock to treat the grafting technology, can effectively prevent the walnut from bleeding, and improves the grafting survival rate.
The invention aims to provide a malus-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of a walnut tree.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree comprises the following steps:
a. stock incision: selecting a straight and smooth part of the modified grafting trunk, sawing the straight and smooth part to the tree center at an angle of 10-15 degrees, and cutting off the upper end of the stock at an angle of 15-20 degrees to form a horse ear shape; then, transversely cutting crescent-shaped cuts on the two horse ears by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and coarse tree bark of the stock under the cuts to expose tender bark; the peeling length is longer than the length of the horse ear-shaped section of the scion; vertically cutting a leather part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end where the two saw surfaces are intersected by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut leather part downwards to serve as a wound releasing groove;
b. scion cutting: selecting a wood full scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 15-20 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a cut surface, wherein the cut surface is smooth, and the front end is cut into a thin tongue shape for later use;
c. and (3) grafting scion: slightly uncovering the bark layer of the cut long tongue-shaped scion from the xylem, inserting the xylem of the scion into the cambium part of the cut crescent of the horse ear-shaped stock, covering the bark layer stripped from the scion on the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and ensuring that the scion is inserted to a depth suitable for combining firmly and exposing part of a scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly known as exposed white);
d. wrapping: after the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag is firstly sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged; after the scion is fixed at the interface, tightly winding the cutting part of the stock and the scion by using a grafting film in a spiral ascending mode so as to prevent the scion from losing water; using plastic ropes to tie a plurality of circles, wherein the tying and the binding are performed according to the degree;
e. draining water: and sawing 2-3 saw cuts at the lower end of the main branch or trunk of the high grafting, wherein the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down to complete the grafting.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, in the step a, sawing at an angle of 10-15 degrees to the tree center respectively, and cutting off the upper end of the rootstock at an angle of 15-20 degrees in the cross section to form a malus shape; preferably, sawing the rootstock to the tree center at an angle of 13 degrees, and cutting off the upper end of the rootstock in a transverse section of 18 degrees to form a horse ear shape.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, in the step a, the rootstock is in a field condition, is good in tree growth, has obvious trunk or main branches, is free from diseases and insect pests, and is used as a modified rootstock for a seedling walnut tree and a low-yield walnut tree which are 4-10 years old.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step a, a bark part of 0.2-0.4 cm is vertically cut at the lower end where two saw surfaces are intersected by using a grafting knife, and the cut bark part is torn downwards by 14-16 cm to be used as a bleeding wound groove.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, the section of the step b is 8-12 cm.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, disclosed by the specific embodiment of the invention, the scion in the step b is a branch from the leaf dropping of the walnut to 20-30 days before the germination in spring.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, according to the specific embodiment of the invention, the scion in the step b is a hardwood scion, the hardwood scion refers to an acquired annual branch, the thickness of the middle upper part of a crown is 1-2 cm, the medulla is small, the branch is fully developed, the bud is full, and the healthy annual developing branch has no diseases and insect pests.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the horse ear-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree comprises the following steps: after collection, removing the over-thick branches and the pure male flower buds according to the quality requirement, keeping the length of 50cm, and immediately sealing cut openings with wax; according to variety classification, bundling one bundle every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of 80% for later use; or digging a pit 2 m deep, covering at least 50cm of wet soil on the pit after the scion is placed, and arranging a ventilation opening in the cellar when the amount of stored scion strips is large.
According to the malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, which is a specific embodiment of the invention, the main branch in the step e is a branch part, and the length of the main branch is 3-5 cm; the lower end of the trunk is located above 20 cm from the ground, and 2-4 scions are inserted when the diameter of the cut of the stock is 6-15 cm.
According to the method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, the grafting time is from germination in spring to the growth of a young sprout to 10cm, namely 3 to 4 middle ten days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the horseshoe-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the walnut improved varieties are introduced by methods such as grafting and the like for asexual propagation, so that an effective way for popularizing the improved varieties of the walnuts is provided;
(2) according to the method for treating hardwood grafting by using the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the walnut tree from being scratched, the walnut tree has large root pressure and heavy bruise, tannin in the bruise can quickly block nutrient exchange between a scion and a rootstock cambium and block the supply of nutrition of the rootstock to the scion, the bruise is one of key factors influencing the walnut grafting survival rate, and the control of the bruise is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the actual effect of sawing a rootstock;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the actual effect of an open water tank obtained by tearing down 15 cm of the leather at the lower end of the saw surface;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the actual effect of the grafting part determined by peeling off the rough skin;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the actual effect of the side surface of the scion;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the actual effect of the front surface of the scion;
FIG. 6 is a front actual effect diagram of the grafting spike;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the actual effect of the lateral surface of the grafting spike;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the actual effect of wrapping;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the actual effect of grafting completion;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a 66-day survival situation of a Juglans regia exemplary garden grafting in Ramaricun;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the 43-day survival of grafting of Calthaea polycarpa in the U.S. Bay community;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the actual production situation of a Juglans regia demonstration park in Raymus village;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the actual effect of a conventional grafting saw rootstock;
fig. 14 is a diagram of the actual effect of the conventional grafting and bandaging.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The raw materials adopted in the invention are all commercial products and can be purchased from common commercial channels.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a horse ear-shaped stock hardwood grafting method for preventing a walnut tree from being wounded, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before grafting
1.1 scion Collection
1.1.1 acquisition time: the walnut can be collected 20-30 days after the walnut leaves fall and before the walnut sprouts in spring. In cold winter or early spring areas where shoots are prone to be pulled out, the shoots are preferably collected before and after the first day of New year's day. The collection is preferably carried out in the first 2 months or middle ten days without storage conditions such as a refrigerator.
1.1.2 scion selection: selecting robust annual development branches with the thickness of the middle upper part of a crown of an improved variety of walnuts being 1-2 cm, small medulla, full development of branches, full buds and no diseases or insect pests.
1.1.3 storage of scions: after the scion is collected, the thick branches and the pure male flower buds are removed according to the quality requirement, the reserved length is about 50-80cm, and the cut is immediately sealed by wax. According to variety classification, bundling one bundle every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of about 80% for later use. A pit with the depth of 2 meters can also be dug, and after the scions are placed, at least 50 centimeters of wet soil is covered on the pit. When the amount of the stored spike strips is large, the cellar is provided with a vent. The cold regions with cold temperature in winter can be collected before the sprouts in spring, and can be used at the same time or stored at low temperature for a short time. During long-distance transportation, attention should be paid to prevent wind from blowing and losing water, and the tent cloth is preferably used for covering the container tightly.
1.2 rootstock selection: the seedling walnut trees and the low-yield walnut trees which have good conditions in the field, strong tree vigor, obvious trunks or main branches, no plant diseases or insect pests and 4-10 years old are selected as the modified stocks. The quantity of the selected plants per mu is about 30 plants, and the plants are distributed as uniformly as possible.
1.3 grafting material: grafting knife, handsaw, plastic bag, grafting film, tying rope, scion, etc.
2. Grafting time: determined according to the waiting period of walnut trees. The hard grafting is carried out for a proper time from the beginning of the spring to the end of the new shoot which grows to 10cm, namely 3 late to 4 middle.
3. Grafting method
And (3) horse ear-shaped stock treatment and grafting: the hard branch grafting adopts a 'bark grafting, bark grafting and tongue grafting, a mulching film moisturizing and bagging rainproof method'. 2 scions can be inserted when the diameter of the rootstock interface is 5 cm or more. The straight and smooth part of the stem of the grafting tree is selected, the tree is sawed to the center at an angle of 10 degrees, and the upper end of the stock is cut off at an angle of 15 degrees so as to form a horse ear shape. Then, a crescent-shaped cut of 4 cm is transversely cut on each of the two horse ears by a grafting knife, and the old and crude tree bark of the rootstock is cut under the cut to expose tender bark (tender bark with the thickness of about 2-3 mm is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. A grafting knife is used for vertically cutting a leather part of about 0.3 cm at the lower end where the two saw surfaces are intersected, and the cut leather part is torn downwards to about 15 cm to be used as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 15 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of 8-12 cm, smoothing the cut surface, and cutting the front end into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a rootstock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, then the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining firmly and exposing part of the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly known as exposed white). After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 40-45 cm and the diameter of 25-30 cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. 2-4 saw cuts are needed to be sawed at the main branch (the branch part is 3 cm) or the lower end of the main trunk (the part is more than 20 cm away from the ground), the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.
4. Post-inoculation management
4.1 sprout removal: after the buds on the scions germinate, the buds on the stocks (the modified old trees) need to be removed in time, so as to avoid influencing the growth of the scions. If the bud on the scion can not germinate (the bud withers, falls off and the like), a part of the bud on the stock can be properly reserved, and the buds in different directions are selected so as to facilitate bud grafting remediation in summer, otherwise, the stock can die. The bud picking and bud removing are generally carried out for 2-4 times after the grafting, the time depends on the bud condition of the stock, and the bud removing is carried out twice in the next year of survival of the grafting.
4.2, air release: and (3) after 20-30 days of grafting, the scion begins to germinate, branches and leaves are spread, observation is carried out once every 2-3 days, a small opening can be formed in the upper end of the plastic bag when the compound leaves grow to 7-10 cm, and the tender tips are gradually adapted to the external environment. Note that: when the air opening is opened, the air opening is from small to large, the air opening can not be opened at one time, and the bag can not be removed early. If the scion bud is not germinated or the bud is short, the upper opening of the plastic bag can be tightened, and the plastic bag is opened to release air after the bud is germinated and the young sprout is extended.
4.3 binding the bracket: when the young shoots grow to about 30 centimeters, the windproof rods with the length of about 1.0-2.0 meters are bound at the joints in time, the young shoots are lightly bound on the windproof rods to prevent wind from folding, and as the young shoots grow in a lengthened mode, part of trees are bound for 2-3 times. And (4) after the connection for 2-3 months (from 6 months to 7 last ten days), loosely binding the binding materials at the interface once, but not removing the binding materials, otherwise, influencing the thickening growth of the interface. After 8 ten days, the binding materials can be completely removed according to specific conditions.
4.4 pinching: after the grafting survives, when the young shoots grow to 40cm, pinching in time. And (3) selecting and reserving 2-3 lateral branches with proper direction and distance for the lateral branches germinated after pinching, and wiping the rest of the lateral branches. The male flowers and the female flowers which germinate on the branches are all removed, and the flowers are removed, the fruits are omitted and removed in time.
4.5, soil, fertilizer and water management:
4.5.1 fertilization: after grafting survives, under normal conditions, base fertilizer is applied once before leaf falling. One additional application is carried out in the fruit expansion period (5 middle of the month). The base fertilizer is applied in a strip ditch or an annular ditch, the depth of the ditch is 30cm, the width of the ditch is 30cm, and the fertilizer is uniformly applied and then buried in soil. And (4) digging 8-10 holes on the vertical projection outer edge of the crown for embedding the top dressing. Can also combine deep ploughing and intertillage weeding and fertilizing. Different kinds of fertilizers cannot be applied in a mixed manner. And (3) applying farmyard manure and a small amount of additional fertilizer on the slope farmland with partial insufficient fertility, wherein the average amount of farmyard manure applied per mu is 300kg, and the amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50 kg.
4.5.2 moisture management: according to the weather and rainfall conditions, water is filled in time when water is short, and water is drained in time when water is heavy.
4.5.3 intertillage weeding: the intercropped walnut gardens are combined with the management of intercropping crops. And (4) loosening the soil and weeding according to the occurrence condition of the weeds without intercropping so as to control the growth of the weeds.
4.6, trimming:
4.6.1 pruning time: the tree form culture and pruning are preferably carried out within 1 month from fruit picking in autumn to before leaf falling or germination in the next year.
4.6.2 reshaping: the tree type is mainly cultured by taking a main stem sparse layer shape as a main culture, the tree type is divided into 2-3 layers, the layer spacing is 40-50 cm, 5-7 main branches are selected and remained, and 3-4 lateral branches are cultured on each main branch at uniform distance; the tree with poor opposite conditions and weak dryness can be shaped into an open heart, 3-5 main branches are selected and reserved, and 4-6 side branches are configured on each main branch.
4.6.3 trimming: the branches of the walnut garden transformed by grafting grow faster and fruit bearing is early, all levels of bone dry branches are cultured in the first 3 years in a key mode, the top end advantages and back lower branches are controlled, the growth potential of all levels of bone dry branches is adjusted, auxiliary culture branches are fully utilized, and fruiting branch groups are cultured. After entering the full bearing period, pruning according to the following method: a. controlling the secondary branches, namely cutting useless secondary branches which grow excessively before the secondary branches are lignified; selecting and reserving 1-2 strong branches for more than 3 secondary branches extracted from the fruit branches, and removing the rest branches; picking off the core of the selected and remained secondary branches in summer; only one secondary branch is arranged on the bearing branch, and the bearing branch can be cut in spring and summer and cultured into the bearing branch. b. And (4) utilizing the long-stalked branches, namely performing short-cut on the long-stalked branches with spaces in spring and pinching or short-cutting in summer, and culturing the long-stalked branches into fruiting branch groups. c. And (3) thinning the over dense branches, namely thinning the over dense branches from the base in time according to the principle of removing weak and strong residues. d. Treating the lower back branches, namely pruning the lower back branches after germination or at the early stage of branch elongation; if the original mother branch is weakened or the branch angle is smaller, the original branch head can be replaced by the back lower branch or the oblique upper branch, and the original branch head is cut off or cultured into a fruiting branch group.
4.7 prevention and control of pests and diseases
4.7.1 ecological disease and pest prevention technology: the method is characterized in that the trunk is coated with a forest long-acting protective agent, a pest-sticking yellow plate or a pest-sticking adhesive tape is hung, a solar pest killing lamp, bacillus thuringiensis is sprayed, black-bone chickens are bred in forest, and the like, so that the use of pesticides is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
4.7.2 drug control: mainly preventing and treating walnut shell moth, longicorn, scale insect, verdigris and black spot, anthracnose, branch blight and the like. Spreading or spraying insecticide and bactericide. The pesticide adopts bactericidal lipid or deltamethrin; the bactericide is thiophanate methyl or mancozeb and the like.
4.7.3 physical prevention and cure: removing weeds, dead branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits, and cutting off the dead branches of diseases and pests to be intensively burnt; deep turning or expanding the plate in winter, increasing fertilizer to strengthen tree vigor and improve resistance.
Example 2
The differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are limited only to:
3. grafting method
And (3) horse ear-shaped stock treatment and grafting: the hard branch grafting adopts a 'bark grafting, bark grafting and tongue grafting, a mulching film moisturizing and bagging rainproof method'. This method is used when the scion leaves the skin. 4 scions can be inserted when the diameter of the rootstock interface is 15 cm. Selecting a straight and smooth part of the grafted branch, sawing the grafted branch to the tree center at an angle of 15 degrees, and cutting off the upper end of the grafted branch by a cross section of 20 degrees to form a horse ear shape. Then, a crescent-shaped cut of 6 cm is transversely cut on each of the two horse ears by a grafting knife, and the old and crude tree bark of the rootstock is cut under the cut to expose tender bark (tender bark with the thickness of about 2-3 mm is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the length of the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. Cutting off a leather part of about 0.2-0.4 cm vertically at the lower end where the two saw surfaces are intersected by using a grafting knife, and tearing off 14-16 cm of the cut leather part downwards to serve as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into a branch section with the length of 20 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of 12 cm, smoothing the cut surface, and cutting the front end into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a rootstock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white) firmly and less. After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 45 cm and the diameter of 30cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by using a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. 4 scions can be inserted when the diameter of the rootstock interface is 15 cm. 3 saw cuts are needed to be sawed at the high-connected main branch (5 cm position of the branch part) or the lower end of the main trunk (more than 20 cm position from the ground), the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.
Example 3
The differences between this embodiment and embodiment 1 are limited only to:
3. grafting method
And (3) horse ear-shaped stock treatment and grafting: the hard branch grafting adopts a 'bark grafting, bark grafting and tongue grafting, a mulching film moisturizing and bagging rainproof method'. This method is used when the scion leaves the skin. 3 scions can be inserted when the diameter of the rootstock interface is 10 cm. The straight and smooth part of the stem of the modified grafting tree is selected, the tree is sawed to the center at an angle of 13 degrees left and right, and the upper end of the stock is cut off at an angle of 15 degrees in the cross section, so that a horse ear shape is formed. Then, a crescent-shaped cut of 5 cm is transversely cut on each of the two horse ears by a grafting knife, and the old and crude tree bark of the rootstock is cut under the cut to expose tender bark (tender bark with the thickness of about 2-3 mm is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the length of the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. A grafting knife is used for vertically cutting a leather part of about 0.3 cm at the lower end where the two saw surfaces are intersected, and the cut leather part is torn downwards to about 15 cm to be used as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 18 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of about 10cm, wherein the cut surface is smooth, and the front end is cut into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a stock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white) firmly and less. After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 42 cm and the diameter of 28 cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by using a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. 3 scions can be inserted when the diameter of the rootstock interface is 10 cm. 3 saw cuts are needed to be sawed at the high-connected main branch (the branch part is 4 cm) or the lower end of the main trunk (the part is more than 20 cm away from the ground), the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.
Comparative test
Test site
The Raymus village is located at a position 20 kilometers west of the city of Xioyang county, the altitude is 700 plus 1000 meters, and belongs to a middle-shallow mountain area, the soil is mainly mountain yellow brown soil, the content of soil organic matters is high, the thickness of the soil layer is 40-60 centimeters, the content of the soil organic matters is 1.8-2.75%, the content of total nitrogen is 0.11-0.3%, and the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.0. Belongs to the northern subtropical northern mountain floor heating warm zone warm-humid monsoon climate with the annual average temperature of 13.2 ℃ and the annual average rainfall of 860 mm.
The gulf-shaped community is located 33 kilometers west of the city of Xiyang county, the altitude is 600-800 meters, the soil is mainly yellow brown soil, the organic matter content of the soil is high, the thickness of the soil layer is 60-100 centimeters, and the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.0. Belongs to the northern subtropical northern mountain floor heating warm zone warm-humid monsoon climate with the annual average temperature of 13.5 ℃ and the annual average rainfall of 860 mm.
Test method
The conventional grafting mode adopts bark-inserting tongue grafting. The grafting method is suitable for grafting of large stocks and can be applied to high grafting. The grafting period started at the beginning of 4 months, but both the stock and the scion were required to be peeled. Cutting off or sawing off the stock at the grafting position, and flattening the saw cut; the lower end of the scion is cut into a long tongue-shaped inclined plane with the length of 9-15 cm, and the skin part is pinched open by fingers. Then, a layer of old bark is cut on the smooth side of the stock, the depth is green (phloem), and the length and the width are equivalent to the cutting surface of the scion. The xylem of the scion is gently inserted between the cortex and the xylem of the stock, the cortex of the scion is coated on the bevel of the stock, and the cortex and the xylem are closely combined. And (3) inserting the grafting buds to the slightly exposed cutting surface of the scion (with the white space of 0.4-0.6 cm), wrapping the wound with a plastic film, exposing the buds, and then tightly binding with a plastic tape, wherein 2-4 saw cuts are needed to be sawn at the main branch (the branch part is 3 cm) or the lower end of the main trunk (the part is more than 20 cm away from the ground) for water drainage, the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.
The grafting method of the invention is compared with the conventional grafting method, and the survival rate is compared, wherein the statistical result of the survival rate is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 rootstock horse ear shape treatment and conventional method survival rate survey statistical table
As can be seen from Table 1, in the village and the gulf of horseshoe, compared with the conventional grafting method, the survival rate of afforestation by grafting by using the method of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the conventional grafting method.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A horse ear-shaped stock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of a walnut tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. stock incision: selecting a straight and smooth part of the modified grafting trunk, sawing the straight and smooth part to the tree center at an angle of 10-15 degrees, and cutting off the upper end of the stock at an angle of 15-20 degrees to form a horse ear shape; then, transversely cutting crescent-shaped cuts on the two horse ears by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and coarse tree bark of the stock under the cuts to expose tender bark; the peeling length is longer than the length of the horse ear-shaped section of the scion; vertically cutting a leather part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end where the two saw surfaces are intersected by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut leather part downwards to serve as a wound releasing groove;
b. scion cutting: selecting a wood full scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 15-20 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a cut surface, wherein the cut surface is smooth, and the front end is cut into a thin tongue shape for later use;
c. and (3) grafting scion: slightly removing the bark layer of the cut long tongue-shaped scion from the xylem, inserting the xylem of the scion into the cambium part of the cut crescent of the horse ear-shaped stock, covering the bark layer stripped from the scion on the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and ensuring that the scion is inserted to a depth which is proper for firm combination and less exposed part of the scion section;
d. wrapping: after the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag is sleeved from the upper end to the connector; the lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged; after the scion is fixed at the interface, tightly winding the cut part of the stock and the scion by using a grafting film in a spiral ascending mode; using plastic ropes to tie a plurality of circles, wherein the tying and the binding are performed according to the degree;
e. draining water: and sawing 2-3 saw cuts at the lower end of the main branch or trunk of the high grafting, wherein the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to the xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down to complete the grafting.
2. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the trees are respectively sawed to the tree hearts at an angle of 13 degrees, and the upper ends of the rootstocks are cut off by a transverse section of 18 degrees to form horse ear shapes.
3. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the rootstocks in the step a are in the condition of standing on the ground, have strong tree vigor, have obvious trunks or main branches, are free from diseases and insect pests, and are used as modified rootstocks for seedling walnut trees and low-yield walnut trees with the tree age of 4-10 years.
4. The method for grafting hard branches on horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, a bark part of 0.2-0.4 cm is vertically cut at the lower end where two saw surfaces meet by using a grafting knife, and the cut bark part is torn downwards by 14-16 cm to be used as a bleeding wound groove.
5. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the wood-filled scions obtained in the step b are cut into branch sections with the length of 15-20 cm, 1-2 plump buds are left at the upper ends, and the section of the scions is 8-12 cm.
6. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the scions in the step b are branches 20-30 days after the leaves of the walnut are fallen and before the walnut sprouts in spring.
7. The malus-shaped rootstock hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the scion in the step b is a hardwood scion, the hardwood scion is an annual collected branch, the thickness of the middle upper part of a crown is 1-2 cm, the medulla is small, the branch is fully developed, the bud is plump, and the healthy and strong annual developing branch has no diseases and insect pests.
8. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the scions in the step b are stored as follows: after collection, removing the over-thick branches and the pure male flower buds according to the quality requirement, keeping the length of 50cm, and immediately sealing cut openings with wax; according to variety classification, bundling one bundle every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of 80% for later use; or digging a pit 2 m deep, covering at least 50cm of wet soil on the pit after the scion is placed, and arranging a ventilation opening in the cellar when the amount of stored scion strips is large.
9. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees according to claim 1, wherein the main branches in the step e are branch parts and are 3-5 cm long; the lower end of the trunk is located above 20 cm from the ground, and 2-4 scions are inserted when the diameter of the cut of the stock is 6-15 cm.
10. The method for grafting the hard branches of the horse ear-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the grafting time is from 3 to 4 in late to middle of the month from the time of germination in spring to the time of growing to 10cm at the young end.
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| CN114946432A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-08-30 | 安晓顺 | Improved method for walnut top grafting and top changing |
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