CN102550252A - Cultivation method of Dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of Dendrobium officinale. Natural growth environment for Dendrobium officinale is simulated successfully, a cultivation bed is made of cement pantiles, substrate is made of pine bark, self-made nutrient solution is used as fertilizer, and accordingly supply of water and fertilizer is guaranteed, root rotting caused by waterlogging and damage of insects, rats, weeds and diseases are avoided, transplant survival rate of Dendrobium officinale seedlings reaches more than 98%, Dendrobium officinale grows fast and blossoms or grow stems and leaves, one to three years early, yield is high (yield per unit area is more than 250kg), content of effective ingredients is high, quality is good, and the problems of low transplant survival rate, growth slowness, low yield and high cultivation cost of Dendrobium officinale seedlings are solved. The cultivation method includes the steps of making the cultivation bed, making the culture substrate, fixation and distribution of the cultivation bed, planting Dendrobium officinale, management of water and fertilizer, insect damage control and harvesting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, refer more particularly to the cultivation method of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium candidum wall.ex Lindl.) is the orchid family (Orchidaeae) Dendrobium (Dendrobium) herbaceos perennial, and iron is green gains the name because of epidermis is for it, is the superfine product of the stem of noble dendrobium.The dendrobium candidum biological nature is mysterious, and it grows in the moon place of overhanging cliff, receives the anima in the world throughout the year, inhales the elite of life, as the health superfine product, receives imperial palace noble's favor since ancient times deeply.Wild dendrobium candidum is distributed in the torrid zone, subtropical zones such as East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia mostly, and China mainly is distributed in the mountain area on ground such as the Qinling Mountains, the Guangxi on the south the Huaihe River, Yunnan, Guizhou, Anhui, Sichuan, Zhejiang.Because its growth conditions is very harsh; Natural production is very rare, more excessively excavates for a long time because of among the people, causes wild resource endangered; State Council classified dendrobium candidum as one of traditional Chinese medicine of focused protection in 1987; This makes the market price raise up significantly, and wherein bright article dendrobium candidum per kilogram price is raised to 800 yuan from 100 yuan of late nineteen nineties, and international market per kilogram dry product valency has reached more than 1000 dollars.
Dendrobium candidum has unique medical value, the Shennong's Herbal record dendrobium candidum in Qin Han period " in main the wound, remove thin thin, the reinforcing yin essence of numbness, the therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward, tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, obey thick stomach for a long time "; Become Taoist school medical science classical " Taoist Scriptures " of book before more than 1,000 years dendrobium candidum to be classified as first of " Chinese nine immortals grass "; Ming Dynasty's Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) is estimated dendrobium candidum " remove the numbness therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward, mend the internal organ consumptive disease and win thinly, the reinforcing yin essence benefit is smart, and thick stomach is never sufficient in the benefit, flat stomach Qi, longue meat, intelligence development removes frightened, makes light of one's life by commiting suicide and prolongs life " in Compendium of Material Medica; Among the people being called " the celestial grass of help ".In Shennong's Herbal, dendrobium candidum is classified as top grade, have nourishing Yin and moistening lung, nourishing the stomach to improve the production of body fluid, effect such as moisten the lung and relieve the cough.Modern pharmacological research shows that dendrobium candidum also has enhancing immunity, and is anti-ageing, anticancer, antifatigue, the effect of hemangiectasis.The present age, chemistry and pharmaceutical research were found, contained abundant polysaccharide composition in the dendrobium candidum, and content accounts for 1/5th in the dry product, and this polysaccharide has the effect that increases delta cell, B cell, NK cell and macrophage (M kind) function.Contained polysaccharide has the effect of obvious enhancing T cellular immune function in the dendrobium candidum to cancer patient.Improve the immunity of human body, with the invasion and attack of defending the extraneous pathogeny factor with remove the old and feeble casualties, mutant cell in the body, so as to keeping the physiology stable state of body.
Wild dendrobium candidum growth cycle is long, in natural environment from seedling length cause maturation, blooming needs 3-5.Rare owing to the dendrobium candidum resource and have uniqueness medical value; Some scientific research institutions of China, business unit and individual constantly explore and test the group training and the artificial cultivation technique of dendrobium candidum; Obtained certain achievement; Present conventional artificial cultivation needs 2-4, the soonest also take 1.5 years.Below be some open source literatures that we retrieve:
1. title: the artificial large-area cultivation of dendrobium candidum; One Chinese patent application number: zL 200410084496.1; The applying date: 2004.11.24; The patentee: Shanghai increases the warship bio tech ltd, the address: No. 1888 agriculture gardens, main road, east, Nanhui District Hui Nan Zhenyuan, Shanghai City, summary: the artificial large-area cultivation that the present invention relates to dendrobium candidum.The artificial cultivation method of dendrobium candidum remains problems such as slow at the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale reproductive speed, that tissue cultivating seedling is practiced seedling, transplanting survival rate is low, growth rate is slow, output is not high, active constituent content is low at present.The present invention provides a kind of artificial large-area cultivation of dendrobium candidum, and it comprises the collecting method of the quick multiplication technique of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale, candidum tissue culturing seedling white silk seedling technology, dendrobium candidum transplantation technique and dendrobium candidum.The present invention effectively solves the source of seedlings of Dendrobium officinale and the idiomaticity of seedling, compares with tradition kind seedling and propagating, and the reproductive speed of seedling has improved 37%, and white silk seedling, transplanting survival rate are brought up to more than 90%, and output improves more than 30%; Compare with the active constituent content of wild dendrobium candidum, the Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide content of the present invention's cultivation is suitable with wild dendrobium candidum, and amino acid, micronutrient levels are a little more than wild dendrobium candidum content.
2. title: a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method, one Chinese patent application number: 200610048891.3, publication number: CN 1961632A; The applicant: Caizhong is beautiful, the address: 165 1705 Room of dwelling house, railway southern station, Kunming, Yunnan Province, summary: a kind of officinal dendrobium stem plantation method; The present invention puts into the dendrobium candidum seed in the medium of l/2MS minimal medium ten NAA (a-case acetate) ten bananas juices 4 agar and cultivates, and the protocorm that forms changed in l/2MS minimal medium ten BA (the basic gland of 6-joint he cry of certain animals) ten bananas juices, 4 agar mediums carries out the cultivation of seedling to middle seedling and seedlings respectively, seedlings is implanted by the mode of Cong Caiyong solid growth in the hole of body of wall cultivated again; It is poor that the present invention has overcome the environment of existing wild dendrobium candidum growth existence; Yield rate is low, and the time defective and provide a kind of from the breeding to the cultivation slowly of becoming a useful person is guaranteed seedling well growth stage by stage; Guarantee that seedlings have air permeability and good; The illumination appropriateness, nutrition is abundant, can fully satisfy the characteristic that the stem of noble dendrobium is grown nonparasitically upon another plant; The dendrobium candidum property of medicine can be guaranteed again, and the pattern that economized, scale, high yield are produced can be realized.
3. denomination of invention: all light radiation artificial cultivating method for officinal dendrobium; Application number: 200710066268.5; Publication number: CN 10l142880A, applicant: Yunnan University, address: No. 9 Yunnan Universitys in Green Lake North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province; Summary: the present invention relates to a kind of all light radiation artificial cultivating method for officinal dendrobium, belong to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique field.Concrete steps are following: selecting height is the sturdy tissue cultivating seedling bottle outlet of 4 ~ 8cm; Placing lichens or tree moss or perlite to refine seedling with peat soil by the matrix that 2:1 mixes, is under 25 ~ 30% the condition at light transmittance, in good time water spray; The relative moisture that controls environment is in 60 ~ 70%; Keep ventilated, begin spray nutritious liquor after 7 days, the cycle of spray nutritious liquor is 7 days; Refining seedling after 2 months moves on to light transmittance and is in 50 ~ 60% the environment and adapts to 30 days; Move on to light transmittance again and be in 80 ~ 90% the environment and adapt to 10 ~ l5 days; Moving on to its 1.5m position, top at last is provided with in the cultivation seedbed of rainer and under the full exposure condition, cultivates; Under the full exposure condition, need water spray and regular spray nutritious liquor in good time, the cycle of spray nutritious liquor is l0 days; Planting environment relative moisture is controlled to be in 60 ~ 80%; The also high traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum of output height and effective medicinal components content 1.5 can gather in ~ 2 years.
See from above-mentioned open source literature; China has obtained gratifying achievement to the group training and the artificial cultivation of dendrobium candidum at present; But remain at the dendrobium candidum transplanting survival rate lower slightlyly, growth rate is slightly slow, and output is not high; Problems such as active constituent content is low have restricted dendrobium candidum industrialization, large-scale development and comprehensive utilization exploitation.So it is higher to be necessary to develop the dendrobium candidum transplanting survival rate, growth rate is faster, and output is bigger, and active constituent content is more, plants and manage officinal dendrobium stem plantation method more easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is just in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists; Simulation dendrobium candidum wild environment; A kind of good permeability that has is provided, the illumination appropriateness, nutrition is abundant; Can fully satisfy the characteristic that dendrobium candidum is grown nonparasitically upon another plant, realize the dendrobium candidum kind method for planting of intensification, scale, high yield.
Technical scheme steps of the present invention is following:.
1. cultivating bed makes: adopt 80 * 100cm waveform cement tile, and in the punching of waveform groove surface, aperture 1-5cm, pitch-row 5-30cm is with the good gas permeability of assurance cultivation bed and the function of draining in time.
2. cultivation matrix is made: be ground into 10 * 3cm fritter with outmoded pine bark more than 1 year, after the high temperature distillation, with the potassium permanganate immersion of 1%-0.1% 3 days, dry subsequent use then.
3. the cultivation bed is fixed and is arranged: be that the cultivation bed of making is fixed on the timber support of the 30cm that is above the ground level; Two rows do a ridge, and distance between the ridges is from 80cm, and the cultivation matrix of making is tiled on the waveform cement tile; Thickness 8-12cm is at last at cultivation bed loam cake plastic tunnel and puggaree.
4. dendrobium candidum plantation: be on culture bed culture matrix, to dig an aperture; Use to advance with the spring that does not contain bleaching powder the nutrient solution after the culture fluid dilution is sprayed according to the ratio of 1:1500; With the just moistening degree of being of matrix; The dendrobium candidum seedling that has cultivated is transplanted in the matrix aperture that the cultivation bed that fixes dug, is covered matrix, the light transmittance (20%-30%) of adjustment planting environment.
The preparation method of above-described culture fluid is following:
Raw material: the weight of tea bran, fish meal, bone meal is according to the proportional arrangement of 4 ﹕, 6 ﹕ 4; A small amount of phosphate fertilizer; The water of 100 times of weight.
Tea bran in the prescription is because the protein content of the tea dregs of rice is higher, or a kind of efficient organic fertilizer; Fresh water fish meal in the prescription is nutritious, contains abundant essential amino acid, vitamin B group, trace element, but the protein of the whole nutrition system of balance, amino acid, the particularly micro-demand of mineral matter; Bone meal nutrient component in the prescription is very abundant, but the whole nutrition system of balance calcium phosphorus level.
Used water is for not containing the mountain spring water of bleaching powder, in order to avoid bleaching powder is to the damage of stem of noble dendrobium root.
Its concrete preparation steps is following: each component is poured in the Plastic Drum by proportioning simultaneously, and mixing fermented 3～6 months, behind the fermenting-ripening, collected supernatant, promptly got the culture fluid of officinal dendrobium stem plantation.
When using, culture fluid is pressed the 1:1500 dilution proportion, use then, fertilization mode can drench to be executed, and also can spray.
The culture fluid of the officinal dendrobium stem plantation of the present invention preparation is compared with the disclosed stem of noble dendrobium or dendrobium candidum nutrient solution at present with conventional, has the following advantages:
(1) prescription of the present invention is rich in the required Argine Monohydrochloride vitamin inorganic fertilizer of stem of noble dendrobium growth, and trace element etc. have satisfied the growth needs of the stem of noble dendrobium, the growth that helps taking root in the stem of noble dendrobium.
(2) contain rich nutrient substances in the prescription of the present invention, help the growth of probio, the symbiosis of endotrophic mycorrhiza and the living fungi of benefit can increase the absorption of plant to phosphorus element and some trace element (cl, Zn, B, Mo etc.).Degeneration-resistant in addition, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, drought-resistant simultaneously, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, effect such as alkali, preventing from heavy metal and agricultural chemicals.
(3) culture fluid of the present invention had both satisfied the nutritional need of dendrobium candidum, helped the requirement of symbiosis again, helped improving the survival rate that the dendrobium candidum seedling is transplanted, and improved the quality of dendrobium candidum, and growth rate.
5. water and fertilizer management: be to adopt manually operated method; According to the condition of the natural environments such as temperature and humidity of the open-air growth of simulation dendrobium candidum, use to advance with the spring that does not contain bleaching powder culture fluid after the culture fluid dilution and the spring that does not contain bleaching powder are carried out executing pouring and spraying of appropriateness according to the ratio of 1:1500.Specifically comprise the program of watering and execute the liquid manure program.
The program of watering comprises waters and sprays.Water: 2-7 time weekly, its principle is as standard with the wet degree of doing of matrix.Spraying: every day 1-3 time, its principle is that the humidity of exposed root system is a standard.
Execute the liquid manure program and impose homemade culture fluid, the principle of fertilising is, and is suitable diligent and light, avoids to gather and thick, and the florescence does not water before not applying fertilizer, applying fertilizer, and fertilization mode can drench to be executed, and also can spray.
6. insect pest management: be to use 1% bohr liquid, damage by disease and insect prevented and treated in conjunction with artificial control's method.Specifically be when length is to 3～4 blades by the time stem of noble dendrobium seedling germinates, to spray one time 1% bohr liquid in every month, to prevent rust, anthracnose etc.
7. gather: be after the dendrobium candidum seedling is cultivated with culture technique of the present invention; Can gather through 1 year, preceding 2 month stop to plant fertilising and medication to be advisable the March of annual December～next year, to gather picking time; Should take old staying newly when gathering; Adopt and stay little principle greatly, can gather continuously 5～6 years, the bright article of year per mu yield reach more than 250 kilograms.
Dendrobe cultivation provided by the invention technology, through imitating the growing environment of wild dendrobium candidum under tree (or rock) state with pine bark, the middle stem of noble dendrobium needed nutrient solution of growing of having prepared; The environmental conditions such as moisture, nutrition, illumination and ventilation of a stable general equilibrium are provided for the growth of the stem of noble dendrobium; Improved the transplanting success of dendrobium candidum, transplanting success reaches more than 98% (the high-servival rate of open source literature has only 90% at present), has shortened vegetative period; Implanting and cultivating can gather after 1 year the cultivation phase of open source literature (at the soonest take 1.5～2 year at present); Reduced the growth cost, improved product quality, for the quick cultivation of the stem of noble dendrobium provides technical guarantee; To the exploitation of the stem of noble dendrobium, utilize and satisfy people's living needs and played positive impetus, have important economic and social benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general flow chart of the cultivation method of dendrobium candidum of the present invention.
Embodiment
Through following practical implementation instance, can further understand the present invention, but following instance is not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Execute example 1:
Prepare culture fluid in advance:
With the weight of tea bran, fish meal, bone meal proportional arrangement according to 4 ﹕, 6 ﹕ 4; A small amount of phosphate fertilizer; The water mixing of 100 times of weight fermented 3～6 months, behind the fermenting-ripening, collected supernatant, promptly got the culture fluid of officinal dendrobium stem plantation.
Cultivation:
Select 80 * 100cm waveform cement tile for use, at the punching of waveform groove surface, aperture 1-5cm, pitch-row 5-30cm; Be ground into 10 * 3cm fritter with outmoded pine bark more than 1 year, after the high temperature distillation, soaked 3 days, dry subsequent use then with the potassium permanganate of 1%-0.1%; The cultivation bed of making is fixed on the timber support of the 30cm that is above the ground level, two rows do a ridge, and distance between the ridges is from 80cm, and the cultivation matrix of making is tiled on the waveform cement tile, and thickness 8-12cm is at last at cultivation bed loam cake plastic tunnel and puggaree; On culture bed culture matrix, dig an aperture; The hole that aperture and waveform cement tile groove surface are beaten is to corresponding; With culture fluid (1:1500) spraying after the dilution,, the dendrobium candidum seedling that has cultivated is transplanted in the matrix aperture that the cultivation bed that fixes dug with the just moistening degree of being of matrix; Cover matrix, the light transmittance (20%-30%) of adjustment planting environment; Water 2-7 time weekly, guarantee that the wet degree of doing of matrix reaches the natural humidity of the open-air growth of dendrobium candidum, vigorous in growth, increase the number of times that waters during high-temperature drying, the number of times that waters when winter temperature is on the low side can suitably reduce; Spray 1-3 every day; Guarantee that the humidity of the exposed root system of dendrobium candidum reaches the natural humidity of the open-air growth of dendrobium candidum, when the dry tack free of root system, should spray, vigorous in growth; Increase the spraying number of times during high-temperature drying, spraying in a day 1 time was just passable when winter temperature was on the low side; Executing liquid manure then is to impose homemade culture fluid, and the principle of fertilising is, suitable diligent and light, avoids to gather and thick, and the florescence does not water before not applying fertilizer, applying fertilizer, and fertilization mode can drench to be executed, and also can spray; When length is to 3～4 blades by the time stem of noble dendrobium seedling germinates, sprayed one time 1% bohr liquid in every month, to prevent rust, anthracnose etc.; Dendrobium candidum survival rate with culture technique cultivation of the present invention reaches more than 98%; Can gather after 1 year, preceding 2 month stop to plant fertilising and medication to be advisable the March of annual December～next year, to gather picking time; Should take old staying newly when gathering; Adopt and stay little principle greatly, can gather continuously 5～6 years, the bright article of average annual year per mu yield reach more than 250 kilograms.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of a dendrobium candidum is characterized in that: the characteristics of the self-sow environment of the simulation stem of noble dendrobium are cultivated, and concrete steps are following:
(1) the cultivation bed is made:, punch in groove surface as the cultivation bed with the waveform cement tile;
(2) cultivation matrix is made: outmoded pine bark is ground into fritter, sterilizes with potassium permanganate after the high temperature distillation again;
(3) the fixing and layout of cultivation bed: the cultivation bed of waveform cement tile is fixed on the timber support, and spreads matrix in the above, again at cultivation bed loam cake plastic tunnel and puggaree to handle;
(4) dendrobium candidum plantation: on culture bed culture matrix, dig an aperture; Use according to the ratio of 1:1500 to advance spraying after the culture fluid dilution with the spring that does not contain bleaching powder; With the just moistening degree of being of matrix; The dendrobium candidum seedling that has cultivated is transplanted in the matrix aperture that the cultivation bed that fixes dug, is covered matrix, the light transmittance of adjustment planting environment is 20%-30%;
(5) water and fertilizer management: use to advance with the spring that does not contain bleaching powder culture fluid after the culture fluid dilution and the spring that does not contain bleaching powder are carried out executing pouring and spraying of appropriateness according to the ratio of 1:1500;
(6) insect pest management: use 1% bohr liquid, damage by disease and insect is prevented and treated in conjunction with artificial control's method;
(7) gather: gather stopped to plant fertilising and medication in preceding 2 months.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is to adopt 80 * 100cm waveform cement tile that described cultivation bed is made, at the punching of waveform groove surface, aperture 1-5cm, pitch-row 5-30cm.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: it is to be ground into 10 * 3cm fritter with outmoded pine bark more than 1 year that described cultivation matrix is made; After the high temperature distillation, soaked 3 days, dry subsequent use then with the potassium permanganate of 1%-0.1%.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described cultivation bed is fixing and arrange it is that the cultivation bed of making is fixed on the timber support of the 30cm that is above the ground level; The cultivation matrix of making is tiled on the waveform cement tile; Thickness 8-12cm is at last at cultivation bed loam cake plastic tunnel and puggaree.
5. the cultivation method of a kind of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described gathering is after the dendrobium candidum seedling is cultivated with culture technique of the present invention, can gather through 1 year, and picking time is to be advisable the March of annual December～next year; Gather and stopped in preceding 2 months to plant fertilising and medication; Adopt when gathering and oldly stay newly, adopt and stay for a short time greatly, the bright article of year per mu yield reach more than 250 kilograms.
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| CN102972269A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 杭州苗盛生态农业科技有限公司 | Aeroponic method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN103004421A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-03 | 茂名市惠生源生物科技有限公司 | Planting method of famous and precious Chinese herb medicine dendrobium officinale |
| CN103039236A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-17 | 何寒 | Method for ground cultivation of dendrobium officinale |
| CN103270860A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-09-04 | 深圳市华盛实业股份有限公司 | Planting method for Dendrobium officinale |
| CN104221753A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-12-24 | 叶群 | Dendrobium culture carrier |
| CN104221829A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 汪锡文 | Method for cultivating dendrobium stems on camphor tree base stump |
| CN104322258A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-04 | 贵州省植物园 | New method for transplanting Dendrobium officinale |
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| CN104686207A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江铁枫堂科技股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating dendrobium officinale |
| CN104855255A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-26 | 宁德市天星农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting Dendrobium officinale on water surface |
| CN105284398A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 广西南岜仔科技有限公司 | Planting method for dendrobium officinale |
| CN105409744A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-23 | 广西南岜仔科技有限公司 | Planting method for dendrobium officinale |
| CN106613847A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Dendrobium candidum planting method |
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| CN102972269A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-20 | 杭州苗盛生态农业科技有限公司 | Aeroponic method of dendrobium officinale |
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| CN103004421A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-03 | 茂名市惠生源生物科技有限公司 | Planting method of famous and precious Chinese herb medicine dendrobium officinale |
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