CN103004421A - Planting method of famous and precious Chinese herb medicine dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Planting method of famous and precious Chinese herb medicine dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of famous and precious Chinese herb medicine dendrobium officinale, and the method is characterized in that a cultivation bed of a plantation trough with an undulated bottom is established under a certain facility environment, multiple mixed organic matrixes mainly comprising pine bark are paved, a nondestructive planting technology for stretching tissue culture seedling roots is adopted, and scientific and reasonable dendrobium officinale planting method adopting comprehensive cultivation measures such as a photo and temperature control technology, a fertilizer control technology, an insect and harmful organism nuisanceless control technology and a sustainable harvesting technology is adopted in different growth seasons and for different plants according to the biological characteristics of the dendrobium officinale; and due to the adoption of the method, the ventilation, moisture evaporation and moistening functions of a plant root environment can be enhanced, and harmful substances influencing the growth of the plant can be eliminated in time, so that the plant can grow strong, active components are highly concentrated, the resistance is enhanced, a purpose of high yield and excellent quality can be realized, the high yield and stable yield of the dendrobium officinale can be guaranteed, the product quality is excellent, sustainability for harvesting the dendrobium officinale for multiple years can be realized, and super high yield of fresh products about 600kg per Mu every year can be realized after the method is put into production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of rare traditional Chinese medicine, relate to specifically a kind of the utilization and manually build the cultivating superior high-yield method that cultivating groove bottom is the cultivation bed plantation dendrobium candidum of waveform configuration, belong to the field of plant cultivation technology.
Background technology
In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine impact at home and abroad is increasing, causes the domestic and international market that the demand of traditional Chinese medicine is increased, and wild Chinese material medicine resource reduces sharply, and the day by day exhausted contradiction with the market demand of Chinese material medicine resource is increasingly sharpened.The stem of noble dendrobium is the high-grade traditional Chinese medicine of China's one large quasi-tradition, also is famous and precious medicinal and edible plant, both can be used for medicinal purpose traditionally, can be used as health products again, simultaneously, begins from way back also to be used as till now a kind of high-grade soup stock (food) always and uses.Dendrobium candidum is the superfine product of stem of noble dendrobium class traditional Chinese medicine, its medicine and health care function has obtained people's height approval and has liked at present, modern pharmacological research has confirmed that dendrobium candidum can improve human body essence and blood, body fluid concentration fast, reach enriching yin qi-restoratives, tonifying five zang organs, balance the body equilibrium between yin and yang, strengthen the immunologic function of body.On effect, embodied clear with mend, prevent and control the characteristic that combines.Not only clearly but also mend, clear and thick stomach, it is the superfine product commonly used of enriching yin qi-restoratives, tonifying five zang organs in the traditional Chinese medicine, the rare rare traditional Chinese medicine that modern Chinese medicine Chinese medicine " preventives treatment of disease ", be applicable to the anti-of the patients such as multiple common disease, chronic disease, operation, chemicotherapy and control, excessive to tobacco and wine, night life is frequent, the body discomfort that causes such as overstrain one's nerves has remarkable result.At present wild dendrobium candidum resource is very rare, owing to rely on wild resource far can not meet the need of market, so artificial planting is the only way that solves the market demand.Greatly develop the artificial planting of dendrobium candidum; not only can satisfy people to the demand of dendrobium candidum; and can be because reducing the purpose that the dependence of wild resource is played the protection wild resource; therefore the artificial planting dendrobium candidum not only has good market prospects, and the protection of dendrobium candidum wild resource is also had important meaning.
So far the whole nation has 1.5 ten thousand mu of dendrobium candidum cultivated areas approximately, 80% area is wherein arranged approximately in Zhejiang, secondly is Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong etc.From domestic dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation, generally will plant about 3 years and just can gather, and output is not high, generally between 30 kilograms to 300 kilograms, per mu yield is about 100 kilograms for the per mu yield of fresh goods.Up to the present, the per mu yield of artificial planting iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product does not also break through 400 kilograms both at home and abroad.
Dendrobium candidum is a kind of half cloudy plant that gives birth to class, and suitable growth is in the environment of half cloudy half light and warm and moist, and its existence temperature is generally-10 ℃ to 40 ℃, growth temperature is 10 ℃ to 35 ℃, optimum humidity is about 80%, and is ventilated, and the environment that water evaporation quantity is large is better.Therefore, the healthy growth of dendrobium candidum is except the key factor temperature condition, and ventilative just seeming with moisture gives prominence to especially.Solving on ventilative and the moisturizing problem, the scientific research personnel starts with from matrix, the employing permeability is strong, the Orchis planting matrix of good hygroscopicity, even use the organic substrates such as particle is thick, permeability is larger wood shavings, pine bark, purpose is the built on stilts on the ground side of root system environment, make it abundant ingress of air, increase the gas exchange capacity.
Dendrobium candidum artificial planting mode mainly contains two kinds at present: a kind of is the artificial intensive cultivation, namely carries out facility cultivation, and another kind is pseudo-wild cultivating.When carrying out facility cultivation, need to build and produce booth, the production booth can shade and keep off the rain, and what have can also regulate temperature and humidity.Domestic dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation mainly is to adopt the plantation of booth facility, and method generally is to build built on stilts cultivating groove (bed) in facility, will cultivate bed with single or mixed matrix and expire, and opens the cave ditch again the seedling root system is imbedded in the matrix fixedly seedling.The primary defective of these methods is that water conservation is with ventilative particularly thorny, when the ventilating drainage hole of cultivation bed bottom is bigger than normal, gas permeability is effective water conservation and the easy dehydration of root system is suffered from drought by force, and when the ventilating drainage hole is less than normal, the photosynthetic matter accumulation that often causes cultivation matrix lamination water, anaerobic respiration and obstacle plant strain growth because air-vent is blocked causes root diseases; Next is that the seedling root system is difficult to unfold around plant, and easily because the external force such as bending, weight cause the root system damage, fracture, the plant root expansion is slow after the field planting.Often cause kind of shoot survival percent low owing to the defective of implantation methods, disease takes place frequently and the bactericide such as a large amount of overproof use antibiotic of having to, and plant strain growth speed is slow, and the active ingredient cohesion is poor, persticide residue is large, seriously hinders the raising of the formation of dendrobium candidum output and product quality.Adopt the dendrobium candidum of above various implantation methods plantations usually behind plantation 2-3, with regard to the situation that begins to occur because serious plant disease occurs production to be continued, need to after making an overall screening sterilization, bed and planting matrix again plant cultivating, be difficult to obtain high yield and realize continuing to gather, thereby strengthened the input of production cost.For this reason, the inventor by the growing environment of dendrobium candidum and growth characteristics are conducted in-depth research with repetition test after, the cultivation bed plantation dendrobium candidum that it is waveform that built on stilts cultivating groove polycrystalline substance is built in employing, strengthened the ventilative and moisture-keeping functions of moisture evaporation of plant root environment, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the active ingredient cohesion is high, resistance strengthens, be conducive to the realization of high yield and high quality target, the high yield record that can realize afterwards gathering year the fresh goods per mu yield surpasses 600 kilograms in operation.
Up to the present, domestic there are no unfolding not damaged field planting technology, ecological granular organic fertilizer about employing seedling root system, pouring water and wash patent or the bibliographical information of cultivation matrix technology and sustainable harvesting technique plantation dendrobium candidum, do not find about realizing continuing to gather the high yield record report that the fresh goods per mu yield of gathering in year surpasses 600 kilograms after the artificial dendrobium candidum operation yet.
Summary of the invention
The implantation methods that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum, adopting the waveform cultivating groove to cultivate shoot root system in conjunction with group unfolds the complete implantation methods of a cover such as cultivation step of not damaged field planting technology, science and solves existing implantation methods and exist kind of shoot survival percent low, ventilative and moisturizing particularly thorny and cause that disease takes place frequently, plant strain growth slow, the active ingredient cohesion is poor and cause yield poorly the deficiency of the poor grade of product quality.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The cultivating groove bottom is built into waveform configuration, the staggered aperture that is uniform-distribution with ventilating drainage of trough and crest, thicker matrix is filled trough, the matrix of more tiny particle diameter covers the upper strata with fixing seedling plant, the aperture of trough and thicker hypothallus are conducive to the gathering discharging of moisturizing, fertilizer conservation and excessive moisture, and the aperture of crest is more conducive to ventilative and the moisture evaporation with covering thinner hypothallus.Like this planting matrix bed thickness thin be evenly distributed proper, cultivating groove bottom waveform configuration evenly is staggeredly distributed with the ventilating drainage aperture, and quantity and the pore size of aperture are moderate, can effectively drain the water away and be not easy and stop up, fully ventilative and keeping suitable moisture, solve well the contradiction of ventilative, draining and moisturizing, for growing up healthy and sound of dendrobium candidum created good rhizospheric environment; Group is cultivated shoot root system the unfolded not damaged field planting technical guarantee survival rate of dendrobium candidum plantation and the even distribution of root system, makes the health of root growth and fast, balancedly expands to whole cultivation matrix layer, therefrom Absorbing Nutrients; During plant strain growth, use ecological granular organic fertilizer to guarantee that with the liquid organic fertilizer that sprays fermentation maturity different vegetative stage plant strain growths are to the needs of various nutrients, improve the disease-resistant and anti-sick ability of plant, spill the flushing cultivation matrix with the irrigation water woods, eliminate in the matrix undesirable element to plant strain growth, the permeability and the beneficial microorganism that strengthen matrix are movable, are conducive to keep the healthy Fast Growth of plant; Pay attention to control mollusk and deep-sea seaweeds and urge sprouting to sprout, guaranteed to have on the unit are plantation growth of sufficient amount, take a firm foundation for realizing stable high yield, sustainable gathering; Sustainable harvesting technique, with the sharp scissors of sterilization with aging stem from the distance stromal surface or more than the maternal plant attachment region second or the 3rd internode downcut, guarantee not affect the growth that sprouts new buds, also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously, realize the high yield and the high-quality that continue to gather.
Adopting the present invention to plant dendrobium candidum, can to solve preferably kind of shoot survival percent low, ventilative and moisturizing is particularly thorny, the cultivation matrix toxin buildup, cause that disease takes place frequently, plant strain growth is slow, the active ingredient cohesion is poor and yielding poorly of causing, the problems such as product quality is poor, few with or without sterilization pesticide, plant is grown up healthy and sound fast, for the high yield and high quality target that realizes continuing to gather is taken a firm foundation.Adopt this method plantation dendrobium candidum, stable high yield, product quality is excellent, can realize that lasting for years gathers, and the fresh goods per mu yield of gathering the year after next of going into operation surpasses 600 kilograms.
Invent the implantation methods of described a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum, its feature comprises following link:
(1) builds planting facility
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities of Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build the cultivation bed of built on stilts cultivating groove waveform, cultivating groove length is looked plantation institute facility spatial area and is set, 0.7 ~ 1.4 meter of width, overhead height is more than 0.5 meter, the cultivating groove bottom is laid to the waveform configuration of heaving of the sea shape, the cell body inorganic material, plastics etc. are made easily the material that is shaped and are built, the edge bamboo chip, plank or plastic plate are surrounded as the groove shape of cuboid, 0.06 ~ 0.08 meter of thickness, 0.04 ~ 0.06 meter of the vertical height of trough and crest, 0.11 ~ 0.13 meter at crest or trough interval, the backing material of waveform cultivating groove can the selected works brick, metal pipe material, bamboo cane or batten etc., the even distribution diameter of trough and crest is the draining small ventilating holes of 8-10 millimeter, 0.08 ~ 0.12 meter of aperture pitch.
(2) matrix treatments
Dendrobium candidum plantation is selected take pine bark as main organic substrate: the organic substrate that varies in size is carried out respectively the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed of poach or pile fermentation, make it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) field planting
The seedlings of Dendrobium officinale field planting adopts root system to unfold not damaged field planting technology: be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the thick matrix of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove top by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with treated good less particulate substrates seedling plant.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, make the root system surface can be equably, contact with matrix to greatest extent.
(4) control measures in vegetative period
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, growing period is according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, different bearing process various seasons and plant adopts scientific and reasonable light temperature control technique, moisture and nutrient Regulation technology, saturated washing salinity by irrigation alkali technology, the management of the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of sick worm and pest, special emphasis is used ecological granular organic fertilizer and is sprayed cake fertilizer and is the liquid organic fertilizer of main material fermentation maturity, spray the deep-sea seaweeds and urge the sprouting Germination Technique, control mollusk and ventilation, ventilative, the management of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching alkali technology diseases prevention.
(5) gather
Adopt sustainable harvesting technique: select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, with in advance through the sharp scissors of sterilization with its from the distance stromal surface or more than the maternal plant attachment region second or the 3rd internode downcut, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
The bottom of the described cultivating groove of above-mentioned steps (1) is to be lumpy waveform configuration, material can use inorganic material or plastic plate etc., the spacing of trough and crest is 11-13cm, trough and crest be the aperture of the staggered even ventilating drainage that distributing all, aperture pitch is 8-12cm, and hole diameter is 8-10mm.
The described seedling root system of above-mentioned steps (3) is unfolded the not damaged field planting, keep seedling upright during field planting, root system is unfolded around plantation naturally, avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
The ecological granular organic fertilizer that uses in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period is executed 2 times every year, spreads fertilizer over the fields plant in the ranks in mid-March and early October respectively, and a mu amount of application is the 500-1000 kilogram; The preparation method of ecological granular organic fertilizer: after the ratio of 100 kilograms in employing sheep excrement, 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 20 kilograms of bat guanos, 5 kilograms in rock phosphate, potassium breeze 5 kilograms of addings EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 10-15 kilogram and amount of water is fully mixed, through the sealing pile fermentation, the rear granulation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is air-dry, and the pack sealing saves backup.
Spray the liquid organic fertilizer that cake fertilizer is the main material fermentation maturity in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period, method is to spray 1 time in every 10-15 of the season of growth days, concentration is 1000-1200, sprays in rear 1-2 hour to shine the blade face with the clear water spray, to prevent fertilizer damage; The preparation method of liquid manure is: after 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 100 kilograms in water, EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 5-10 kilogram etc. mix in closed container abundant fermentation maturity, do not have the liquid of residue to use after getting filtration.
Use irrigation water flushing cultivation matrix technology in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period, method is to spill the flushing cultivation matrix every 1-2 month with the irrigation water woods during plant vigorous growth, will affect in the hypothallus plant strain growth the material washing and flow away with water, make the healthy Fast Growth of plant.
Pay attention to the molluscan harm of control in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period.
Pay attention to spraying the deep-sea seaweeds in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period and urge the sprouting Germination Technique.
Pay attention in the control measures in above-mentioned steps (4) described vegetative period ventilating, ventilative, pour water and wash the diseases prevention of cultivation matrix technology.
The described sustainable harvesting technique of above-mentioned steps (5): the dormant aging stem of the terminal bud of gathering, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) is built into waveform configuration bottom the built on stilts cultivating groove, the staggered aperture that is uniform-distribution with ventilating drainage of trough and crest, greater particle size is filled trough, the matrix of more tiny particle diameter covers fixedly seedling plant of top layer, make the aperture of trough and gathering that thicker hypothallus more is conducive to moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping and excessive moisture discharging, the aperture of crest and thinner hypothallus are more conducive to ventilative and the moisture evaporation.Like this planting matrix bed thickness thin be evenly distributed proper, cultivating groove bottom waveform configuration evenly is staggeredly distributed with the ventilating drainage aperture, and quantity and the pore size of aperture are moderate, can effectively drain the water away and be not easy and stop up, fully ventilative and keeping suitable moisture, solve well the contradiction of ventilative, draining and moisturizing, fertilizer conservation, for growing up healthy and sound of dendrobium candidum created good rhizospheric environment;
(2) seedling root system the unfolded not damaged field planting technical guarantee survival rate of dendrobium candidum plantation and the even distribution of root system, be conducive to plant root evenly, Quick Extended Absorbing Nutrients to the whole hypothallus, plant is grown up healthy and sound, take a firm foundation for realizing the high yield and high quality target;
(3) pay attention to during the plant strain growth using ecological granular organic fertilizer, guarantee the penetrating of hypothallus, make the dendrobium candidum root system environment remain on the optimum state, the required nutrient of continuous and effective low supply plant strain growth reduces disease and occurs; The liquid organic fertilizer that sprays fermentation maturity can strengthen plant immunity, accelerates the cohesion of growth rate and promotion active ingredient.Pay attention to using granular organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer to build good condition as high yield and high quality;
(4) adopt to ventilate, the technology diseases prevention such as ventilative, irrigation water flushing cultivation matrix, having solved the planting matrix accumulation is unfavorable for the impact of plant strain growth material and causes the technical bottleneck that the dendrobium candidum disease takes place frequently, plant strain growth is slow, use no or little the agricultural chemicals such as antibiotic, created rare condition for continuing high yield with assurance product high-quality;
(5) pay attention to preventing and kill off mollusk harm and utilization and spray deep-sea seaweeds urgency sprouting Germination Technique, guarantee that unit are has enough plant quantity, provide reliable guarantee for improving population yield;
(6) adopt this method plantation dendrobium candidum, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the active ingredient cohesion is high, resistance strengthens, stable high yield, and product quality is excellent, can realize that lasting for years is gathered can realize the Super-high-yielding record that average annual per mu yield surpasses 600 kilograms after going into operation;
It is low that the complete implantation methods of a cover such as cultivation step that the present invention adopts the waveform cultivating groove to unfold not damaged field planting technology, science in conjunction with the seedling root system can solve kind of shoot survival percent preferably, ventilative and moisturizing are particularly thorny and cause that disease takes place frequently, plant strain growth slow, the active ingredient cohesion is poor and yielding poorly of causing, the problems such as product quality is poor, not only can realize stable high yield, the target of product quality excellence, and can reach the effect that lasting for years is gathered.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) builds built on stilts waveform cultivating groove
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the plastic greenhouse facility that is fit to the Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build built on stilts waveform cultivation bed, cultivating groove length 20-25 rice, 1.3 meters of width, overhead height 0.5-0.7 rice, build with the waveform cement tile cultivating groove bottom, the edge is surrounded as cuboid with the cement tile plate of cutting, 0.08 meter of cultivating groove height, 0.05 meter of the trough of waveform cultivating groove bottom and the vertical height of crest, 0.11 meter at peak separation or trough interval, the even distribution diameter that interlocks on the crest and at the bottom of the trough is 8 millimeters draining small ventilating holes, 0.11 meter of aperture pitch, and the backing material of waveform cultivating groove is blue bricks.
(2) organic substrate is processed
The organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out poach to be processed, and makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded not damaged field planting technology
Be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with the treated good less matrix seedling plant of particle diameter.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
(4) cultivation step
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, then according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, carry out the management of growing period in the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of the different bearing process employing of various seasons and plant scientific and reasonable light temperature control technique, rich water control technique, sick worm and pest.
(5) sustainable harvesting technique
After sprouting sprouts, select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, sharp scissors with prior sterilization downcuts it from distance stromal surface or second or the 3rd internode of maternal plant attachment region, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, has also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
(1) builds built on stilts waveform cultivating groove
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities that is fit to the Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build built on stilts waveform cultivation bed, cultivating groove length 30-35 rice, 1.3 meters of width, overhead height 0.7-0.8 rice, build with the waveform cement tile cultivating groove bottom, the edge is surrounded as cuboid with the cement tile plate of cutting, 0.08 meter of cultivating groove height, 0.05 meter of the trough of waveform cultivating groove bottom and the vertical height of crest, 0.11 meter at peak separation or trough interval, the even distribution diameter that interlocks on the crest and at the bottom of the trough is 8 millimeters draining small ventilating holes, 0.11 meter of aperture pitch, and the backing material of waveform cultivating groove is galvanized angle iron.
(2) organic substrate is processed
The organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out the pile fermentation processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded not damaged field planting technology
Be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with the treated good less matrix seedling plant of particle diameter.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
(4) cultivation step
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, then according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, carry out the management of growing period in the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of the gentle control technique of the scientific and reasonable light of the different bearing process employing of various seasons and plant, rich water control technique, sick worm and pest.
(5) sustainable harvesting technique
After sprouting sprouts, select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, sharp scissors with prior sterilization downcuts it from distance stromal surface or second or the 3rd internode of maternal plant attachment region, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, has also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
Embodiment 3
(1) builds built on stilts waveform cultivating groove
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities of Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build built on stilts waveform cultivation bed, cultivating groove length 25-35 rice, 1.3 meters of width, overhead height 0.8-0.9 rice, build with the waveform cement tile cultivating groove bottom, the edge is surrounded as cuboid with the cement tile plate of cutting, 0.08 meter of cultivating groove height, 0.05 meter of the trough of waveform cultivating groove bottom and the vertical height of crest, 0.11 meter at peak separation or trough interval, the even distribution diameter that interlocks on the crest and at the bottom of the trough is 8 millimeters draining small ventilating holes, 0.11 meter of aperture pitch, and the backing material of waveform cultivating groove is aluminum alloy square tube.
(2) organic substrate is processed
The organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out the pile fermentation processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded not damaged field planting technology
Be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with the treated good less matrix seedling plant of particle diameter.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
(4) cultivation step
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, then according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, the different bearing process of various seasons and plant adopt the gentle control technique of scientific and reasonable light, rich water control technique,, the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of sick worm and pest carry out the management of growing period.
(5) sustainable harvesting technique
After sprouting sprouts, select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, the sharp scissors of sterilizing of acting downcuts it from distance stromal surface or second or the 3rd internode of maternal plant attachment region, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, has also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
Embodiment 4
(1) builds built on stilts waveform cultivating groove
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities of Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build built on stilts waveform cultivation bed, cultivating groove length 35-40 rice, 1.3 meters of width, overhead height 0.6-0.7 rice, build with the waveform cement tile cultivating groove bottom, the edge is surrounded as cuboid with the cement tile plate of cutting, 0.08 meter of cultivating groove height, 0.05 meter of the trough of waveform cultivating groove bottom and the vertical height of crest, 0.11 meter at peak separation or trough interval, the even distribution diameter that interlocks on the crest and at the bottom of the trough is 8 millimeters draining small ventilating holes, 0.11 meter of aperture pitch, and the backing material of waveform cultivating groove is bamboo cane.
(2) organic substrate is processed
The organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed of poach or pile fermentation, makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded not damaged field planting technology
Be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with the treated good less matrix seedling plant of particle diameter.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
(4) cultivation step
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, then according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, carry out the management of growing period in the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of the gentle control technique of the scientific and reasonable light of the different bearing process employing of various seasons and plant, rich water control technique, sick worm and pest.
(5) sustainable harvesting technique
After sprouting sprouts, select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, with prior sharp scissors through sterilization it is downcut from distance stromal surface or second or the 3rd internode of maternal plant attachment region, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
Embodiment 5
(1) builds built on stilts waveform cultivating groove
Select the plantation place of control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities of Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, in facility, build built on stilts waveform cultivation bed, cultivating groove length 20-25 rice, 1.3 meters of width, overhead height 0.6-0.9 rice, build with the waveform asbestos shingle cultivating groove bottom, the edge is surrounded as cuboid with the plank plate of cutting, 0.08 meter of cultivating groove height, 0.05 meter of the trough of waveform cultivating groove bottom and the vertical height of crest, 0.11 meter at peak separation or trough interval, the even distribution diameter that interlocks on the crest and at the bottom of the trough is 8 millimeters draining small ventilating holes, 0.11 meter of aperture pitch, and the backing material of waveform cultivating groove is batten.
(2) organic substrate is processed
The organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed of poach or pile fermentation, makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum.
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded not damaged field planting technology
Be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale that meets planting requirement is stood on the cultivating groove by the planting density requirement, root system gently is attached to the stromal surface completed to naturally stretching all around, then fixes with the treated good less matrix seedling plant of particle diameter.Avoiding kind of root because the external force such as bending, weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
(4) cultivation step
The good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching, then according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, carry out the management of growing period in the aggregate measures such as non-environmental pollution control technology of the gentle control technique of the scientific and reasonable light of the different bearing process employing of various seasons and plant, rich water control technique, sick worm and pest.
(5) sustainable harvesting technique
After sprouting sprouts, select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, sharp scissors with prior sterilization downcuts it from distance stromal surface or second or the 3rd internode of maternal plant attachment region, guarantee not affect the shoot germination and growth, has also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
The ecological granular organic fertilizer that uses in the control measures in vegetative period in above-described embodiment is executed 2 times every year, spreads fertilizer over the fields plant in the ranks in mid-May and early October respectively, and the mu amount of application is the 500-1000 kilogram; The preparation method of ecological granular organic fertilizer: after the ratio of 100 kilograms in employing sheep excrement, 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 20 kilograms of bat guanos, 5 kilograms in rock phosphate, potassium breeze 5 kilograms of addings EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 10-15 kilogram and amount of water is fully mixed, through the sealing pile fermentation, the rear granulation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is air-dry, and the pack sealing saves backup;
Spray the liquid organic fertilizer that cake fertilizer is the main material fermentation maturity in the control measures in vegetative period, method is to spray 1 time in every 10-15 of the season of growth days, and concentration is 1000-1200, sprays in rear 1-2 hour to shine the blade face with the clear water spray, to prevent fertilizer damage; The preparation method of liquid manure is: after 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 100 kilograms in water, EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 5-10 kilogram etc. mix in closed container abundant fermentation maturity, do not have the liquid of residue to use after getting filtration;
Use the flushing cultivation matrix technology of pouring water in the control measures in vegetative period, method is to spill the flushing cultivation matrix every 2-4 week with the woods of pouring water during plant vigorous growth, will be unfavorable in the matrix plant the material washing and flow away with water, make the healthy Fast Growth of plant.
Use the deep-sea seaweeds technology that sprays in the control measures in vegetative period, urge and sprout the sprouting branch, pay attention to the mollusk control, to increase effective plant quantity of unit are.
Claims (9)
1. the implantation methods of a rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum is characterized in that: comprise following step:
(1) builds planting facility: the plantation place of selecting control environment, construction can be regulated the light temperature to the Artificial facilities of Growth of Dendrobium candidum environment, building built on stilts cultivating groove in facility is the cultivation bed of waveform, and cell body is made of the material that inorganic material or plastics are shaped easily; The edge is surrounded as the groove shape of cuboid with bamboo chip, plank or plastic plate; The backing material of waveform cultivating groove can be selected brick, metal pipe material, bamboo cane or batten;
(2) organic substrate is processed: the organic substrate that particle diameter is different carries out the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed of poach or pile fermentation, makes it to meet the required slaking state of Growth of Dendrobium candidum;
(3) the seedling root system is unfolded the not damaged field planting: be layered on the waveform cultivating groove with the larger matrix of particle diameter of handling well first, pave trough and crest whole, during field planting that seedling is upright, root system is naturally stretching, extension and gently be attached to the stromal surface of having completed around the plant, train gently around plant with the less matrix of particle diameter handled well again, to cover root system and fixing seedling plant;
(4) growing season management: the good dendrobium candidum of field planting will be in time with the gondola water faucet normal root water of drenching; Growing period is according to the biological property of dendrobium candidum, adopt the management of the non-environmental pollution control technological synthesis measure of scientific and reasonable light temperature control technique, moisture and nutrient Regulation technology, irrigation water flushing cultivation matrix technology, sick worm and pest in the different bearing process of various seasons and plant, special pay attention to using ecological granular organic fertilizer and spray cake fertilizer as the liquid organic fertilizer of main material fermentation maturity, spray the deep-sea seaweeds urge sprouting Germination Technique, the harm of control mollusk and ventilate, breathe freely, management that irrigation water washes the diseases prevention of cultivation matrix technology;
(5) sustainable harvesting technique: select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, with in advance through the sharp scissors of sterilization with its from the distance stromal surface or more than the maternal plant attachment region second or the 3rd internode downcut, guarantee not affect the growth that sprouts new buds, also guaranteed the quality of results products simultaneously.
2. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom of the described cultivating groove of step (1) is to be lumpy waveform configuration, material can use the inorganic material plastics, the spacing of trough or crest is 11-13 centimetre, trough and crest be the staggered even ventilative aperture of draining that distributing all, aperture pitch is 8-12 centimetre, and hole diameter is the 8-10 millimeter.
3. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described seedling root system of step (3) is unfolded the not damaged field planting, keep seedling upright during field planting, root system is unfolded around plant naturally, avoiding kind of root because bending, some external force of weight cause under the prerequisite of damage, the root system surface can be contacted equably to greatest extent with matrix.
4. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ecological granular organic fertilizer that uses in the control measures in step (4) described vegetative period is executed 2 times every year, spread fertilizer over the fields plant in the ranks in mid-March and early October respectively, the mu amount of application is the 500-1000 kilogram; The preparation method of ecological granular organic fertilizer: after the ratio of 100 kilograms in employing sheep excrement, 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 20 kilograms of bat guanos, 5 kilograms in rock phosphate, potassium breeze 5 kilograms of addings EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 10-15 kilogram and amount of water is fully mixed, through the sealing pile fermentation, the rear granulation of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is air-dry, and the pack sealing saves backup.
5. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: spray the liquid organic fertilizer that cake fertilizer is the main material fermentation maturity in the control measures in step (4) described vegetative period, method is to spray 1 time in every 10-15 of the season of growth days, concentration is 1000-1200 times, spray in rear 1-2 hour and shine the blade face with the clear water spray, to prevent fertilizer damage; The preparation method of liquid manure is: after 10 kilograms of peanut press pulps, 100 kilograms in water, EM bacterium original bacteria liquid 5-10 kilogram etc. mix in closed container abundant fermentation maturity, do not have the liquid of residue to use after getting filtration.
6. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: use irrigation water flushing cultivation matrix technology in the control measures in step (4) described vegetative period, method is to spill the flushing cultivation matrix every 2-4 week capacity irrigation water woods during plant vigorous growth, to be unfavorable for the harmful substance washing of plant strain growth and flow away with water, to keep the good permeability of matrix, make the healthy Fast Growth of plant.
7. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: pay attention to the molluscan harm of control in the control measures in step (4) described vegetative period and pay attention to ventilating, ventilative, irrigation water flushing cultivation matrix technology diseases prevention.
8. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: pay attention to spraying the deep-sea seaweeds in the control measures in step (4) described vegetative period and urge the sprouting Germination Technique.
9. the implantation methods of a kind of rare traditional Chinese medicine dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described sustainable harvesting technique of step (5), select the annual above and dormant aging stem of terminal bud, with the sharp scissors of sterilization with its from the distance stromal surface or more than the maternal plant attachment region second or the 3rd internode downcut, guarantee neither to affect the growth that sprouts new buds, guarantee again the quality of results product.
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