CN109601358A - A kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum - Google Patents
A kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plantation bed cultivation methods of dendrobium candidum, culture, cultivation matrix blanking, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and the insect pest preventing and controlling of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed and collecting method.Uniform eyelet is arranged in implant bed of the invention, can uniform water-permeable and air permeable, suitable living environment is provided for dendrobium candidum, improves survival rate, quality, yield of dendrobium candidum etc.；Cultivation matrix of the invention, for raw material, through frying and fermentation, can be improved the content of nutritional ingredient with masson pine bark, peat, wheat bran, vinegar grain etc., promote the production and volume increase of dendrobium candidum, and the generation of pest and disease damage is effectively reduced, and improve the class and quality of dendrobium candidum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plantation bed cultivation methods of dendrobium candidum, belong to planting technology field.
Background technique
Dendrobium candidum is orchid family Dendrobium Sw, first of " Chinese nine big mesonas ", has pressed through Herba Saussureae Involueratae, remote mountains ganoderma lucidum
Etc. widely known mesona miraculous cure.Modern medicine believes that, dendrobium candidum, which has, improves immunity of organisms, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, anti-
Tumour and other effects.
Dendrobium candidum is generally born in height above sea level up on the dark and damp rock in 1600 meters of mountainous region half.Like warm and moist weather and Ban Yin
The environment of half light, can not resist cold.Be distributed mainly on the Chinese Anhui west and south (Dabie Mountain), Eastern Part of Zhejiang Province, China (Yinxian County, balcony, fairy house),
In Western Fujian Province (Ninghua), the Guangxi northwestward (Tiane), Sichuan, southeastern Yunnan (stone screen, mountain of papers, Malipo, Xichou).
Approval with the majority of consumers to dendrobium candidum, the market demand is increasing, this leads to dendrobium candidum Planting
Training, the research of large-scale planting technology become one of hot spot.Currently, the artificial cultivation technique relative maturity of dendrobium candidum, wherein
Bed is planted as the most common facility cultivation type in addition to potting and ground are planted, it is characterized in that the seedling that placed certain thickness matrix
Bedstead is empty, then seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is planted in matrix, the fertilizer and water management relative ease of the planting type, by ground and soil
Pest and disease damage harm in earth is smaller, but existing implant bed has that stone is planting bed, aerial bamboo chip is planting bed, asbestos shingle plant
Bed, the overhead canopy of plastic wire be planting bed etc., and that there are permeable breathables is uneven, causes ecological environment weaker so that dendrobium nobile be also easy to produce it is soft
Maize ear rot and rapid onset.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of plantation bed cultivation methods of dendrobium candidum, should
Implant bed has uniform permeable breathable, provides the living environment of suitable warm and moist, half yin and half yang for dendrobium candidum,
Manageability, to achieve the purpose that improve survival rate, quality and the yield of dendrobium candidum.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum,
Culture, cultivation matrix blanking, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and the disease pest of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed are anti-
It controls, collecting method, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, the construction method of the implant bed are as follows:
(1) place and greenhouse selection: nice and cool, wet, clear air the ground of selection, and establish high 5~6m, grow 20~30m,
Protection facility of the greenhouse of the gas permeability of wide 15~20m as implant bed；
(2) it site preparation and builds implant bed: being 95~100cm at interval of 1~1.2m setting width by cultivation area clean it up
Pedestal, dig the base of deep 40~45cm, wide 20~25cm in two sides of base, fill and lead up base with solid brick filling and cement pouring
Ground is constructed, using 390 × 190 × 190mm hollow brick in the on base branch for building 190 × 190mm of length and width, high 60~80cm in base
The adjacent struts distance of column, every side is 1~2m, with the groove of the air-and water-permeable of long 2~4m, wide 1.1~1.3m, deep 15~20cm
Laying is fixed on above pillar as implant bed, and the implant bed is interior to be laid with one layer of net woven by the polyester line that diameter is 1mm
Hole is the grid of 1.5mm；
(3) illumination and temperature management: the green that the top of 2.5~3m is laid with one layer of air-and water-permeable from the ground in greenhouse hides
Screened postive, the top of 3~3.5m is laid with one layer of heat preservation net from the ground in greenhouse；
(4) sterilize: in implant bed and the quick lime dilution of surrounding sprinkling 2~3% carries out disinfection；
S2, the cultural method of the cultivation matrix are as follows:
(1) cultivation matrix is chosen: cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: 50~60 parts of pine bark, moss 23
~27 parts, 20~23 parts of coconut skin, 16~18 parts of sawdust, 15~18 parts of wheat bran, 17~20 parts of vinegar grain, 12~15 parts of rice chaff, pottery
Grain 12~14 parts, 8~11 parts of peat, 2~3 parts of Bacillus cereus；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: cultivation matrix is prepared by the following steps: being first crushed to pine bark, moss, coconut skin
2~8mm and haydite, peat are crushed to 15~20mm, then again by wheat bran, rice chaff, vinegar grain difference 2~3min of high fire frying
It is crushed to 2~8mm, 100~120 DEG C of 15~20min of sterilizing chamber is put into after then mixing all crushed materials above-mentioned and is sterilized,
Be cooled to 30~35 DEG C, then by Bacillus cereus be added sterilizing material, stir evenly, be placed in 25~30 DEG C of fermenting cellars 30~
35h obtains cultivation matrix；
S3, the cultivation matrix baiting method are as follows:
Blanking: paving thickness 2~3cm fertile soil is first applied on the square grid in implant bed, then cultivation matrix is applied and is layered on plantation
Humous above in bed, then 10~12cm of layer thickness applies paving thickness 2~3cm fertile soil above cultivation matrix again, slightly presses
Real, control cultivation matrix water content is 60~65%, Space environment control temperature is 15~25 DEG C, relative air humidity be 70~
85%；
S4, the Seeding planting method are as follows:
Planting stock: transplanting mid-March to during mid-April, select life in 1 year, color it is light green, it is healthy and strong, sprout more, root system
Flourishing and no disease and pests harm dendrobium candidum seedling, is cut into little Cong for strain clump, is planted in matrix with stem strain 5~8 plants one clump, spacing in the rows and
Line-spacing is 15~18cm, and seedling when plantation is required to expose basal part of stem, pours root water in time, dendrobium candidum seedling is irrigated；
S5, the water and fertilizer management method are as follows:
(1) water management: after the field planting of dendrobium candidum seedling, using drip irrigation, irrigation times: March~May 1d/
Secondary, in June~October 4d/ times, in November~2 month 6d/ times, cultivation matrix water content is 45~55%, space environment control
Temperature processed is 18~20 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~75%；
(2) fertilizer management: using drip irrigation, applies Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid: every 28~30d/ in the half a year after transplanting
Secondary Shi Yici fertilizer, 150~180g/ square metres of dose, later March~October, every 20~30d/ times, dose
120~150g/ square metres, November~2 months, every 50~60d/ times, 100~120g/ square metres of dose；
S6, the pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling management method are as follows:
(1) it prunes: when annual spring germination, wiping out the withered stem in clump in conjunction with harvesting old stem, and except prevent or cure a disease stem and growth
Overstocked weak stem promotes sprouting growth；
(2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: principle is that anti-overweight is controlled, and before serious pest and disease damage occurs not yet, 2~March sprays one
Secondary plant source biopesticide；
S7, the collecting method are as follows:
Harvesting: plantation harvests for the first time after 2 years, extracts mature stem item to mid-December at the end of November, hereafter every to adopt every year
It receives, suitable harvest period is to before clear and bright after the Beginning of Winter, and answering gradient with sharp blade and the edge of a knife is 40~50 degree the three of branch stem
It is extracted at/mono-, the part for retaining sub-fraction minor matters obesity is adopted, and newly to germinate, has enough nutrition and moisture to supply
Cut to the time receiving with scissors stay always it is tender, to continue to harvest.
Preferably, groove described in step S1 with a thickness of 3~5mm, below the groove and side is evenly distributed with several, eyelet
Diameter is 0.5~1cm, and the centre distance of eyelet and eyelet is 1.5~3cm, and the groove is made of fibre cement.
Preferably, green sunshade net described in step S1 generally uses 6 gauges.
Preferably, intensity of illumination 55~70% of the step S2 into S7, light application time are 12~14h/d.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention is effectively ensured by scientific management methods, the factors such as control illumination, moisture content, fertilizer content
Dendrobium candidum generates long required nutritional ingredient；Uniform eyelet is arranged in the implant bed of the program, can uniform water-permeable and air permeable,
Suitable living environment is provided for dendrobium candidum, is improved survival rate, quality, yield of dendrobium candidum etc., is promoted with iron
The development of the enterprises such as Chinese medicine, the health care of skin dendrobium nobile raw material, while dendrobium officinale resource is protected, bring good ecology
Effect, economic benefits and social effect.
2, cultivation matrix of the invention makes full use of industrial wood waste with masson pine bark, wheat bran, vinegar grain etc. for raw material,
It gathers materials on the spot, abundant raw material, nutrition is balanced, not only environmental protection but also has reduced cost；The haydite and peat added in matrix has small
Gap makes matrix breathe freely water-retention fertilizer；The raw material of the cultivation matrix can be improved the content of nutritional ingredient through frying and fermentation, promote
Into the production and volume increase of dendrobium candidum, and the generation of pest and disease damage is effectively reduced, improves the class and quality of dendrobium candidum.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the present invention with specific embodiment below, but is not the limitation to invention.
Groove used in embodiment 1- embodiment 3, green sunshade net difference are as follows: (1) groove with a thickness of
3mm, below the groove and side is uniformly distributed several, and eyelet diameter is 0.5~1cm, and the centre distance of eyelet and eyelet is 1.5~
3cm, makes groove have good permeable breathable, and the groove is made of fibre cement；(2) the green sunshade net uses
6 gauges.
Illumination needed for dendrobium candidum production is as follows in embodiment 1- embodiment 3: intensity of illumination 55~70%, light application time
For 10~12h/d.
Embodiment 1
This embodiment consolidates cities and towns farming family village with Nanjing Gaochun area and selects nice and cool, wet, clear air ground
For, the plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum, culture, the cultivation matrix blanking, children of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed
Seedling field planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling, collecting method, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, the construction method of the implant bed are as follows:
(1) greenhouse selects: establishing protection of the greenhouse as implant bed of the gas permeability of high 5.5m, long 30m, wide 15~20m
Facility；
(2) it site preparation and builds implant bed: being 95~100cm at interval of 1~1.2m setting width by cultivation area clean it up
Pedestal, dig the base of deep 40~45cm, wide 20~25cm in two sides of base, fill and lead up base with solid brick filling and cement pouring
Ground is constructed, using 390 × 190 × 190mm hollow brick in the on base pillar for building 190 × 190mm of length and width, high 78cm in base, often
The adjacent struts distance of side is 1.2m, is fixed on pillar with the groove laying of the air-and water-permeable of long 2.6m, width 1.1m, depth 18cm
Fang Zuowei implant bed, the grid that the interior mesh for being laid with the polyester line braiding that one layer is 1mm by diameter of the implant bed is 1.5mm
Net；
(3) illumination and temperature management: the top of 3m is laid with the green sunshade net of one layer of air-and water-permeable from the ground in greenhouse,
The top of 3.5m is laid with one layer of heat preservation net from the ground in greenhouse；
(4) sterilize: in implant bed and the quick lime dilution of surrounding sprinkling 2~3% carries out disinfection；
S2, the cultural method of the cultivation matrix are as follows:
(1) cultivation matrix is chosen: cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: 53 parts of pine bark, 24 parts of moss, coconut palm
21 parts of sub- skin, 16.3 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of wheat bran, 17.5 parts of vinegar grain, 12.4 parts of rice chaff, 12 parts of haydite, 8 parts of peat, waxy brood cell
2 parts of bacillus；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: cultivation matrix is prepared by the following steps: being first crushed to pine bark, moss, coconut skin
2~8mm and haydite, peat are crushed to 15~20mm, then again by wheat bran, rice chaff, vinegar grain difference 2~3min of high fire frying
It is crushed to 2~8mm, 100~120 DEG C of 15~20min of sterilizing chamber is put into after then mixing all crushed materials above-mentioned and is sterilized,
Be cooled to 30~35 DEG C, then by Bacillus cereus be added sterilizing material, stir evenly, be placed in 25~30 DEG C of fermenting cellars 30~
35h obtains cultivation matrix；
S3, the cultivation matrix baiting method are as follows:
Blanking: paving thickness 3cm fertile soil is first applied on the square grid in implant bed, then cultivation matrix is applied and is layered in implant bed
Humous above then layer thickness 10cm is applied above cultivation matrix again and is spread thickness 2cm fertile soil, is slightly compacted, control cultivation
Water content of substrate is 60~65%, and Space environment control temperature is 15~25 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~85%；
S4, the Seeding planting method are as follows:
Planting stock: transplanting mid-March, selects light green life in 1 year, color, healthy and strong, the more, well developed root system of sprouting and without disease pest
Strain clump is cut into little Cong by harmful dendrobium candidum seedling, is planted in matrix with stem strain 7 plants one clump, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 15cm, and
It is required that seedling exposes basal part of stem when plantation, root water is poured in time, dendrobium candidum seedling is irrigated；
S5, the water and fertilizer management method are as follows:
(1) water management: after the field planting of dendrobium candidum seedling, using drip irrigation, irrigation times: March~May 1d/
Secondary, in June~October 4d/ times, in November~2 month 6d/ times, cultivation matrix water content is 45~55%, space environment control
Temperature processed is 18~20 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~75%；
(2) fertilizer management: using drip irrigation, applies Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid: every 28~30d/ in the half a year after transplanting
Secondary Shi Yici fertilizer, 153~162g/ square metres of dose, later March~October, every 20~30d/ times, dose
121~129g/ square metres, November~2 months, every 50~60d/ times, 104~110g/ square metres of dose；
S6, the pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling management method are as follows:
(1) it prunes: when annual spring germination, wiping out the withered stem in clump in conjunction with harvesting old stem, and except prevent or cure a disease stem and growth
Overstocked weak stem promotes sprouting growth；
(2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: principle is that anti-overweight is controlled, and before serious pest and disease damage occurs not yet, 2~March sprays one
Secondary plant source biopesticide；
S7, the collecting method are as follows:
Harvesting: plantation harvests for the first time after 2 years, extracts mature stem item to mid-December at the end of November, hereafter every to adopt every year
It receives, suitable harvest period is to before clear and bright after the Beginning of Winter, and answering gradient with sharp blade and the edge of a knife is 40~50 degree the three of branch stem
It is extracted at/mono-, the part for retaining sub-fraction minor matters obesity is adopted, and newly to germinate, has enough nutrition and moisture to supply
Cut to the time receiving with scissors stay always it is tender, to continue to harvest.
In the present embodiment, consolidate cities and towns farming family village cultivation of dendrobium officinale in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2016~2018 years,
Average survival is 99.7%, and rate of falling ill is less than 0.75%；It harvests for the first time, it is about 501.3kg, protein content that every per mu yield, which produces,
Be 35.6%, Thick many candies content be 60.3%, plant thickness be 1.04cm, the dendrobium candidum color bluish yellow of harvesting, chew it is sweet in flavor, glutinous
Tooth, shape Qu Buzhi.
Embodiment 2
This embodiment consolidates cities and towns farming family village with Nanjing Gaochun area and selects nice and cool, wet, clear air ground
For, the plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum, culture, the cultivation matrix blanking, children of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed
Seedling field planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling, collecting method, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, the construction method of the implant bed are as follows:
(1) greenhouse selects: establishing protection of the greenhouse as implant bed of the gas permeability of high 5.5m, long 30m, wide 15~20m
Facility；
(2) it site preparation and builds implant bed: being 95~100cm at interval of 1~1.2m setting width by cultivation area clean it up
Pedestal, dig the base of deep 40~45cm, wide 20~25cm in two sides of base, fill and lead up base with solid brick filling and cement pouring
Ground is constructed, using 390 × 190 × 190mm hollow brick in the on base pillar for building 190 × 190mm of length and width, high 78cm in base, often
The adjacent struts distance of side is 1.2m, is fixed on pillar with the groove laying of the air-and water-permeable of long 2.6m, width 1.1m, depth 18cm
Fang Zuowei implant bed, the grid that the interior mesh for being laid with the polyester line braiding that one layer is 1mm by diameter of the implant bed is 1.5mm
Net；
(3) illumination and temperature management: the top of 3m is laid with the green sunshade net of one layer of air-and water-permeable from the ground in greenhouse,
The top of 3.5m is laid with one layer of heat preservation net from the ground in greenhouse；
(4) sterilize: in implant bed and the quick lime dilution of surrounding sprinkling 2~3% carries out disinfection；
S2, the cultural method of the cultivation matrix are as follows:
(1) cultivation matrix is chosen: cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: 58 parts of pine bark, 26 parts of moss, coconut palm
22 parts of sub- skin, 18 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of wheat bran, 18.2 parts of vinegar grain, 13.1 parts of rice chaff, 13 parts of haydite, 10 parts of peat, waxy brood cell's bar
3 parts of bacterium；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: cultivation matrix is prepared by the following steps: being first crushed to pine bark, moss, coconut skin
2~8mm and haydite, peat are crushed to 15~20mm, then again by wheat bran, rice chaff, vinegar grain difference 2~3min of high fire frying
It is crushed to 2~8mm, 100~120 DEG C of 15~20min of sterilizing chamber is put into after then mixing all crushed materials above-mentioned and is sterilized,
Be cooled to 30~35 DEG C, then by Bacillus cereus be added sterilizing material, stir evenly, be placed in 25~30 DEG C of fermenting cellars 30~
35h obtains cultivation matrix；
S3, the cultivation matrix baiting method are as follows:
Blanking: paving thickness 3cm fertile soil is first applied on the square grid in implant bed, then cultivation matrix is applied and is layered in implant bed
Humous above then layer thickness 10cm is applied above cultivation matrix again and is spread thickness 2cm fertile soil, is slightly compacted, control cultivation
Water content of substrate is 60~65%, and Space environment control temperature is 15~25 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~85%；
S4, the Seeding planting method are as follows:
Planting stock: transplanting mid-March, selects light green life in 1 year, color, healthy and strong, the more, well developed root system of sprouting and without disease pest
Strain clump is cut into little Cong by harmful dendrobium candidum seedling, is planted in matrix with stem strain 7 plants one clump, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 15cm, and
It is required that seedling exposes basal part of stem when plantation, root water is poured in time, dendrobium candidum seedling is irrigated；
S5, the water and fertilizer management method are as follows:
(1) water management: after the field planting of dendrobium candidum seedling, using drip irrigation, irrigation times: March~May 1d/
Secondary, in June~October 4d/ times, in November~2 month 6d/ times, cultivation matrix water content is 45~55%, space environment control
Temperature processed is 18~20 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~75%；
(2) fertilizer management: using drip irrigation, applies Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid: every 28~30d/ in the half a year after transplanting
Secondary Shi Yici fertilizer, 153~164g/ square metres of dose, later March~October, every 20~30d/ times, dose
122~130g/ square metres, November~2 months, every 50~60d/ times, 102~111g/ square metres of dose；
S6, the pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling management method are as follows:
(1) it prunes: when annual spring germination, wiping out the withered stem in clump in conjunction with harvesting old stem, and except prevent or cure a disease stem and growth
Overstocked weak stem promotes sprouting growth；
(2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: principle is that anti-overweight is controlled, and before serious pest and disease damage occurs not yet, 2~March sprays one
Secondary plant source biopesticide；
S7, the collecting method are as follows:
Harvesting: plantation harvests for the first time after 2 years, extracts mature stem item to mid-December at the end of November, hereafter every to adopt every year
It receives, suitable harvest period is to before clear and bright after the Beginning of Winter, and answering gradient with sharp blade and the edge of a knife is 40~50 degree the three of branch stem
It is extracted at/mono-, the part for retaining sub-fraction minor matters obesity is adopted, and newly to germinate, has enough nutrition and moisture to supply
Cut to the time receiving with scissors stay always it is tender, to continue to harvest.
In the present embodiment, consolidate cities and towns farming family village cultivation of dendrobium officinale in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2016~2018 years,
Average survival is 99.7%, and rate of falling ill is less than 0.74%；It harvests for the first time, it is about 512.6kg, protein content that every per mu yield, which produces,
Be 35.8%, Thick many candies content be 60.7%, plant thickness be 1.05cm, the dendrobium candidum color bluish yellow of harvesting, chew it is sweet in flavor, glutinous
Tooth, shape Qu Buzhi.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment with Nanjing Gaochun area consolidate cities and towns farming family village select it is nice and cool, wet, clear airly for
Example, the plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum, culture, the cultivation matrix blanking, seedling of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed
Field planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling, collecting method, the specific steps are as follows:
S1, the construction method of the implant bed are as follows:
(1) greenhouse selects: establishing protection of the greenhouse as implant bed of the gas permeability of high 5.5m, long 30m, wide 15~20m
Facility；
(2) it site preparation and builds implant bed: being 95~100cm at interval of 1~1.2m setting width by cultivation area clean it up
Pedestal, dig the base of deep 40~45cm, wide 20~25cm in two sides of base, fill and lead up base with solid brick filling and cement pouring
Ground is constructed, using 390 × 190 × 190mm hollow brick in the on base pillar for building 190 × 190mm of length and width, high 78cm in base, often
The adjacent struts distance of side is 1.2m, is fixed on pillar with the groove laying of the air-and water-permeable of long 2.6m, width 1.1m, depth 18cm
Fang Zuowei implant bed, the grid that the interior mesh for being laid with the polyester line braiding that one layer is 1mm by diameter of the implant bed is 1.5mm
Net；
(3) illumination and temperature management: the top of 3m is laid with the green sunshade net of one layer of air-and water-permeable from the ground in greenhouse,
The top of 3.5m is laid with one layer of heat preservation net from the ground in greenhouse；
(4) sterilize: in implant bed and the quick lime dilution of surrounding sprinkling 2~3% carries out disinfection；
S2, the cultural method of the cultivation matrix are as follows:
(1) cultivation matrix is chosen: cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: 53 parts of pine bark, 24 parts of moss, coconut palm
21 parts of sub- skin, 16.3 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of wheat bran, 17.5 parts of vinegar grain, 12.4 parts of rice chaff, 12 parts of haydite, 8 parts of peat, waxy brood cell
2 parts of bacillus；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: cultivation matrix is prepared by the following steps: first by pine bark, moss, coconut skin powder, bran
Skin, rice chaff, vinegar grain are broken to 2~8mm, then haydite, peat are crushed to 15~20mm, then mix all crushed materials above-mentioned
Uniformly, cultivation matrix is obtained；
S3, the cultivation matrix baiting method are as follows:
Blanking: paving thickness 3cm fertile soil is first applied on the square grid in implant bed, then cultivation matrix is applied and is layered in implant bed
Humous above then layer thickness 10cm is applied above cultivation matrix again and is spread thickness 2cm fertile soil, is slightly compacted, control cultivation
Water content of substrate is 60~65%, and Space environment control temperature is 15~25 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~85%；
S4, the Seeding planting method are as follows:
Planting stock: transplanting mid-March, selects light green life in 1 year, color, healthy and strong, the more, well developed root system of sprouting and without disease pest
Strain clump is cut into little Cong by harmful dendrobium candidum seedling, is planted in matrix with stem strain 7 plants one clump, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 15cm, and
It is required that seedling exposes basal part of stem when plantation, root water is poured in time, dendrobium candidum seedling is irrigated；
S5, the water and fertilizer management method are as follows:
(1) water management: after the field planting of dendrobium candidum seedling, using drip irrigation, irrigation times: March~May 1d/
Secondary, in June~October 4d/ times, in November~2 month 6d/ times, cultivation matrix water content is 45~55%, space environment control
Temperature processed is 18~20 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~75%；
(2) fertilizer management: using drip irrigation, applies Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid: every 28~30d/ in the half a year after transplanting
Secondary Shi Yici fertilizer, 153~162g/ square metres of dose, later March~October, every 20~30d/ times, dose
121~129g/ square metres, November~2 months, every 50~60d/ times, 104~110g/ square metres of dose；
S6, the pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling management method are as follows:
(1) it prunes: when annual spring germination, wiping out the withered stem in clump in conjunction with harvesting old stem, and except prevent or cure a disease stem and growth
Overstocked weak stem promotes sprouting growth；
(2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: principle is that anti-overweight is controlled, and before serious pest and disease damage occurs not yet, 2~March sprays one
Secondary plant source biopesticide；
S7, the collecting method are as follows:
Harvesting: plantation harvests for the first time after 2 years, extracts mature stem item to mid-December at the end of November, hereafter every to adopt every year
It receives, suitable harvest period is to before clear and bright after the Beginning of Winter, and answering gradient with sharp blade and the edge of a knife is 40~50 degree the three of branch stem
It is extracted at/mono-, the part for retaining sub-fraction minor matters obesity is adopted, and newly to germinate, has enough nutrition and moisture to supply
Cut to the time receiving with scissors stay always it is tender, to continue to harvest.
In the present embodiment, step S3 cultivation matrix is only the crushing of cultivation matrix raw material, mixing, without frying, fermentation work
Sequence.
In the present embodiment, consolidate cities and towns farming family village cultivation of dendrobium officinale in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2016~2018 years,
Average survival is 97.1%, and rate of falling ill is less than 1.62%；It harvests for the first time, it is about 443.7.4kg that every per mu yield, which produces, and protein contains
Amount be 32.8%, Thick many candies content be 56.3%, plant thickness be 0.98cm, the dendrobium candidum color bluish yellow of harvesting, chew it is sweet in flavor,
Glutinous tooth, shape Qu Buzhi.
Comparative example
The something in common of this comparative example and embodiment 1 is: the comparative example uses the training of the cultivation matrix in embodiment 1
Feeding, cultivation matrix blanking, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling and collecting method, this comparative example and embodiment 1
Be different in: the comparative example using existing asbestos shingle implant bed carry out cultivation of dendrobium officinale.
In the comparative example, consolidate cities and towns farming family village cultivation of dendrobium officinale in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2016~2018 years,
Average survival is 93.3%, and rate of falling ill is greater than 6.96%；It harvests for the first time, it is about 352.7kg, protein content that every per mu yield, which produces,
Be 27.1%, Thick many candies content be 43.6%, plant thickness be 0.86cm, the dendrobium candidum color of harvesting is ashen, chew relatively have taste
Sweet, relatively glutinous tooth, shape Qu Buzhi.
In conclusion dendrobium candidum of the invention plants bed cultivation method, scientific management is contained by control illumination, moisture
Amount etc., implant bed is provided with uniform eyelet, can uniform water-permeable and air permeable, suitable growing environment is provided for dendrobium candidum,
Suitable cultivation matrix is cultivated simultaneously, is improved survival rate, the yield of dendrobium candidum, is also improved the nutritional ingredient of dendrobium candidum
And quality.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although reference
Above-described embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that can still carry out to the present invention
Modification or equivalent replacement should all cover without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or any substitutions
In scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum, under the culture of building, cultivation matrix including implant bed, cultivation matrix
Material, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling, collecting method, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
S1, the construction method of the implant bed are as follows:
(1) place and greenhouse selection: nice and cool, wet, clear air the ground of selection, and establish high 5~6m, grow 20~30m, is wide by 15
Protection facility of the greenhouse of the gas permeability of~20m as implant bed；
(2) site preparation and implant bed is built: by cultivation area clean it up, the base for being 95~100cm at interval of 1~1.2m setting width
Seat digs the base of deep 40~45cm, wide 20~25cm in two sides of base, fills and leads up base building with solid brick filling and cement pouring
Ground, using 390 × 190 × 190mm hollow brick in the on base pillar for building 190 × 190mm of length and width, high 60~80cm in base, often
The adjacent struts distance of side is 1~2m, is laid with the groove of the air-and water-permeable of long 2~4m, wide 1.1~1.3m, deep 15~20cm
It is fixed on above pillar as implant bed, the interior mesh for being laid with the polyester line braiding that one layer is 1mm by diameter of the implant bed is
The grid of 1.5mm；
(3) illumination and temperature management: the top of 2.5~3m is laid with the green sunshade of one layer of air-and water-permeable from the ground in greenhouse
Net, the top of 3~3.5m is laid with one layer of heat preservation net from the ground in greenhouse；
(4) sterilize: in implant bed and the quick lime dilution of surrounding sprinkling 2~3% carries out disinfection；
S2, the cultural method of the cultivation matrix are as follows:
(1) cultivation matrix is chosen: cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: 50~60 parts of pine bark, moss 23~27
Part, 20~23 parts of coconut skin, 16~18 parts of sawdust, 15~18 parts of wheat bran, 17~20 parts of vinegar grain, 12~15 parts of rice chaff, haydite 12
~14 parts, 8~11 parts of peat, 2~3 parts of Bacillus cereus；
(2) preparation of cultivation matrix: cultivation matrix is prepared by the following steps: pine bark, moss, coconut skin are first crushed to 2~
8mm and haydite, peat are crushed to 15~20mm, wheat bran, rice chaff, vinegar grain are then distinguished into 2~3min of high fire frying and crushed again
To 2~8mm, it is put into 100~120 DEG C of 15~20min of sterilizing chamber after then mixing all crushed materials above-mentioned and sterilizes, cooling
To 30~35 DEG C, sterilizing material then is added in Bacillus cereus, is stirred evenly, is placed in 25~30 DEG C of 30~35h of fermenting cellar, obtains
To cultivation matrix；
S3, the cultivation matrix baiting method are as follows:
Blanking: paving thickness 2~3cm fertile soil is first applied on the square grid in implant bed, then cultivation matrix is applied and is layered in implant bed
It is humous that above then 10~12cm of layer thickness applies paving thickness 2~3cm fertile soil above cultivation matrix again, is slightly compacted,
Controlling cultivation matrix water content is 60~65%, Space environment control temperature is 15~25 DEG C, relative air humidity be 70~
85%；
S4, the Seeding planting method are as follows:
Planting stock: transplanting mid-March to during mid-April, select life in 1 year, color it is light green, it is healthy and strong, sprout more, well developed root system
And the dendrobium candidum seedling of no disease and pests harm, strain clump is cut into little Cong, plants spacing in the rows and line-spacing in matrix with stem strain 5~8 plants one clump
It is 15~18cm, and seedling when plantation is required to expose basal part of stem, pours root water in time, dendrobium candidum seedling is irrigated；
S5, the water and fertilizer management method are as follows:
(1) water management: after the field planting of dendrobium candidum seedling, using drip irrigation, irrigation times: March~May 1d/ times, 6
Month~October 4d/ times, November~2 month 6d/ times, cultivation matrix water content are 45~55%, Space environment control temperature
Degree is 18~20 DEG C, relative air humidity is 70~75%；
(2) fertilizer management: using drip irrigation, applies Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid: applying in the half a year after transplanting every 28~30d/ times
Fertilizer, 150~180g/ square metres of dose, later March~October, every 20~30d/ times, dose 120~
150g/ square metres, November~2 months, every 50~60d/ times, 100~120g/ square metres of dose；
S6, the pruning and insect pest preventing and controlling management method are as follows:
(1) prune: when annual spring germination, wiping out the withered stem in clump in conjunction with harvesting old stem, and except prevent or cure a disease stem and growth it is overstocked
Weak stem, promote sprouting growth；
(2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: principle is that anti-overweight is controlled, and before serious pest and disease damage occurs not yet, sprays primary plant 2~March
Material resource biological insecticides；
S7, the collecting method are as follows:
Harvesting: plantation harvests for the first time after 2 years, extracts mature stem item to mid-December at the end of November, hereafter per that can harvest every year, receives
Obtaining the suitable phase is to before clear and bright after the Beginning of Winter, and answering gradient with sharp blade and the edge of a knife is 40~50 degree of one thirds in branch stem
Place is extracted, and the part for retaining sub-fraction minor matters obesity is adopted, and newly to germinate, there is enough nutrition and moisture supply time receiving
Cut with scissors stay always it is tender, to continue to harvest.
2. a kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step S1
Groove with a thickness of 3~5mm, below the groove and side is uniformly distributed several, and eyelet diameter is 0.5~1cm, eyelet and eyelet
Centre distance is 1.5~3cm, and the groove is made of fibre cement.
3. a kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step S1
Green sunshade net generally uses 6 gauges.
4. a kind of plantation bed cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step S2 is into S7
Intensity of illumination 55~70%, light application time be 12~14h/d.
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