CN107343445A - Pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests - Google Patents
Pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses pseudo-wild cultivating method under a kind of dendrobium candidum pine forests, it is related to Chinese medicine plant technical field, including the following aspects：Pine forests are selected as wild cultivating environment；Chilean sphagna and all kinds of homemade organic fertilizers are configured to cultivation matrix；Pseudo-wild cultivating is carried out using pine tree as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；Prepare foliar fertilizer and nutrition fertilizer carries out daily management；Prevent and treat all kinds of pest and disease damages.Half cloudy natural environment and strong bactericidal action of the present invention using pine forests, good ecological environment are provided for Growth of Dendrobium candidum, it is ensured that the wild quality of dendrobium candidum；Elite tree parent is made full use of, offspring survival rate is high, and management is simple and easy, not only environment is not influenceed, and primary medicinal component content is high, benefit is quite obvious, cultivation quality is better than greenhouse gardening, and the work of dendrobium candidum pseudo-wild cultivating is also of very high actual application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to officinal dendrobium stem plantation technical field, wild cultivation is imitated under specifically a kind of dendrobium candidum pine forests
Culture method.
Background technology
One of most precious Chinese medicine in China of dendrobium candidum system, the successive dynasties classic of TCM are regarded as " top grade in medicine ".
According to surveying and determination, dendrobium candidum has nourishing Yin and clearing heat, promoted the production of body fluid mainly containing primary medicinal components such as dendrobium polysaccharide, alkaloid and amino acid
Beneficial stomach, moisten the lung and relieve the cough, improving eyesight salubrity and other effects.Modern pharmacology research shows, dendrobium candidum also have antitumor, anti-aging,
Strengthen the effects such as immunity of organisms, expansion blood vessel and antiplatelet, treatment cataract.But dendrobium candidum requires pole to planting environment
Height, once, growth period is 3-5 to the annual plant branch of dendrobium officinale, and natural production is few, and through artificially adopting for a long time
Dig, wild resource is endangered.
Dendrobium candidum is epiphyte, is mainly grown on some high megaphanerophytes dark and damp trunk or lime under field conditions (factors)
On rock, thus under artificial breeding cultivation condition also can simulating natural environment condition transplanted.But dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation
Research history is shorter, and Research foundation is weak, and artificial greenhouse cultivation requires higher on planting environment and technical management, and plants product
Matter is low, and medical value is relatively low, far from compared with wild dendrobium candidum.
In recent years, sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating dendrobium candidum turned into a kind of new trend, the dendrobium candidum quality of sylvan life production
As wild, its primary medicinal component content and offspring survival rate apparently higher than the dendrobium candidum cultivated in warmhouse booth,
And greening and environmental protection, but new method technically still has many deficiencies, still needs to strengthen Growth of Dendrobium candidum development to environmental condition
Requirement etc. research.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above and/or defect, and provide at least will be described later it is excellent
Point.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide pseudo-wild cultivating method under a kind of dendrobium candidum pine forests.It passes through selection
Pseudo-wild cultivating environment and the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, prepare cultivation matrix, pseudo-wild cultivating, daily management and the pest and disease damage of dendrobium candidum are prevented
Control, significantly improve the survival rate and plantation quality of dendrobium candidum, lift forest utilization rate and forestry comprehensive benefit, while in scientific research
On to dendrobium candidum pseudo-wild cultivating work be also of very high actual application value.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided imitate wild cultivation under dendrobium candidum pine forests
Culture method：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select 300~800m of height above sea level, 1000~1200cm of annual rainfall, year in growth period
18~27 DEG C of mean temperature, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 250~300 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.6~0.7 pine tree
Woods；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：Select the age of tree be more than 10 years, tree 15~25cm of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, bark thickness have depth failure crack 1~
5cm pine tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, prepare cultivation matrix：Chilean sphagna is put into 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and soaks more than 2h and carries out sterilization and disappear
Poison, then using water content be 70%~80% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure as raw material, water content be 5%~10% it is decomposed
Pine bark and pine needle, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：5 is mixed
Stirred to obtain fermentate after conjunction, and high-temperature sterilization sterilization, fermentation standby as cultivation matrix are carried out after stacking fermentation 7~15 days
55%~65%, fermentation temperature controls more than 55 DEG C the water content control of period fermentate；
S4, carry out pseudo-wild cultivating：3 annual~May, pacifying above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant on the trunk away from 5~6m of ground
Sprinkling equipment is filled, then sunshade net is cut out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip,
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled in by the strip successively from top to bottom as fixture with the mode of spiral wrap
On trunk, at intervals of 30~40cm, every clump is planted 2~5 plants for the binding of every clump of domesticated seedlings, the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant
Away from 30~50cm of ground；
S5, daily management：Spraying watering 2 times per daily sprinkling equipment, carry out branch pruning according to season, ensure summer and autumn
Shading 60%~70%, winter shading 30%~50%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, 4
In~October, spray nutrition fertilizer 1 time within every 30 days, stop fertilising within 2 months before harvesting；
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings infect anthracnose in growth period, cut off in morbidity infected
Branches and leaves, sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl, and with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000
Times liquid sprays 1~3 time to prevent infection of the disease to new strain；If red spider insect pest is met, with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol every other week
Spray 1~3 time.
Preferably, the method that decomposed pine bark and pine needle are obtained in S3 is：Dry and soft bark and pine needle are ground into particle diameter
For 1~4mm particle, mass ratio is admixed as 5：2 dry cow dung and thiamines must treat decomposed raw material, make the carbon-nitrogen ratio for treating decomposed raw material
For 25：1, adding lime makes the pH for treating decomposed raw material be adjusted to 5~5.5, adds water-stop to obtain standby material in 5~7 days, during sealing
Mass ratio is then 0.1 60%~70% by water content control：5 bacteria agent and corn flour adds water to mix to obtain increment bacterium thoroughly
Agent, increment microbial inoculum is poured into standby material after stirring plus water-stop must seal product in 30~45 days, containing during sealing
Sealing product is finally taken out tiling, dry makes water content be 5%~10%, produces 55%~65% by water rate control
To decomposed pine bark and pine needle.
Preferably, the dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings in S4 are：Dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training is tamed 8~20 months, choosing
Aerial growth 5~15cm of height is selected, plants thick more than the 0.2cm of stem, the dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3.
Preferably, binding position of the dendrobium candidum seedling on trunk is needed towards in the east in S4, and root contacts bark, bud point
Upwards.
Preferably, the compound method of foliar fertilizer is in S5：By brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio 10：5：3
Mixing is used as base-material, and addition temperature is 20~40 DEG C, the clear water that quality is 300 times of the base-material, and 3~5 are sealed after stirring
My god, stirring 1 time daily during sealing, temperature control is filtered at 20~25 DEG C after deblocking, takes supernatant liquor to obtain the blade face
Fertilizer.
Preferably, the nutrition fertilizer in S5 is that 2% 800 times of liquid of calcium superphosphate and 1% 500 times of liquid of potassium sulfate press quality
Than 1:2 mix.
Preferably, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control also includes in S6：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings are in growth period infection dead leaf disease, hair
Disease leaf is plucked when sick, 50% iprodione wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid was sprayed every 10 days, continuously sprays 1~3 time；If infection is soft
Maize ear rot, sick leaf is wiped out in time, root wound is smeared with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture.
Preferably, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control also includes in S6：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings meet stem of noble dendrobium phenanthrene shield mosquito in 4~May
Evil, is sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, is sprayed into shield shell person with 100% Arermecinbla, 4000 times of liquid；If meet snail
Ox insect pest, mix metrifonate with Bran skins and trap and kill.
The present invention comprises at least following beneficial effect：
Firstth, dendrobium candidum pseudo-wild cultivating environmental selection of the invention can secret out of sterilization in pine forests, first pine tree
Element, the breeding of many germs can be suppressed, moreover it is possible to absorb neutralizing air in sulfur dioxide, for dendrobium candidum create one it is high-quality
Ecological environment, secondly the rosin in pine bark is good preservative and pest repellant, it make pine by water logging and drench with rain and
It is stale-proof, and the erosion of all kinds of moths can be prevented and treated；
Secondth, the present invention selection age of tree is more than 10 years, sets 15~25cm of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and bark thickness has 1~5cm of depth failure crack
Pine tree as growing nonparasitically upon another plant tree, not only contribute to seek connections with superincumbent dendrobium candidum and absorb nutrient, and separated dendrobium candidum with it is native
The contact of earth, can be avoided as much as the infringement of all kinds of bacteriums, while by the use of decomposed pine bark and pine needle as organic fertilizer,
Preparation method is simple and easy, and organic acid caused by organic matter decomposition can promote the dissolving of chemical fertilizer Minerals nutrient, mutual with chemical fertilizer
Promote, be advantageous to crop absorption, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer；
3rd, Chilean sphagna has been selected when the present invention prepares cultivation matrix, it is mainly grown on alt wetland area, without it
He pollutes, and the pH value of growth district is only 4 or so, and most weeds, other plant, other cause of diseases etc. are difficult in such ring
Being survived under the state of border so that sphagna maintains higher degree of purity, and using the high sphagna of this purity, it is easy that plant is managed,
Plant yields, and have higher air porosity compared to general sphagna, the high loose fiber structure of this sphagna, can be with
Make nutrient density during fertilising uniform；
4th, the present invention in by dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training tame 8~20 months, selectively face growing height 5~
15cm, plants thick more than the 0.2cm of stem, and the dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3 can improve iron sheet as cultivation seedling
The survival rate that stem of noble dendrobium seedling is grown nonparasitically upon another plant；
5th, binding position of the dendrobium candidum seedling of the present invention on trunk is needed towards in the east, and this avoid under summer
Noon sunlight strong and direct projection offspring, root contact bark, it ensure that dendrobium candidum seedling root fully contacts with bark and draws tree
Nutrient；
6th, foliar fertilizer of the present invention is to mix brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate as base-material, and wherein urea is nitrogenous fertilizer,
Leaf can be promoted to grow, potassium ion and phosphate anion in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, quickly can be absorbed by flower plant, raising pair
The resist ability of low temperature, high temperature, crop early ageing is prevented, the two mixing, which matches somebody with somebody to apply, can promote branch lengthening and diameter increment, show simultaneously
The photosynthetic capacity and quality for improving plant are write, and brown sugar is converted into amino acid after refining, adding brown sugar can make biological flora big
Amount breeding, quickly induces a large number of secondary roots, increases substantially the survival rate of offspring, increases anti-adversity ability.
Further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention embodies part by following explanation, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated with reference to embodiment, after making those of ordinary skill in the art refer to this specification
It can implement according to this.
<Embodiment 1>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 300m, annual rainfall 1000cm, growth period year-round average temperature 20
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 250 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.6 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 15cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 2cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, prepare cultivation matrix：Chilean sphagna is put into 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and soaks more than 2h and carries out sterilization and disappear
Poison, then using water content be 70% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure as raw material, water content is 5% decomposed pine bark and pine
Leaf, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stirred after 5 mixing equal
Even that fermentate, stacking fermentation carry out high-temperature sterilization sterilization after 7 days, standby as cultivation matrix, fermentate contains during fermentation
55%, fermentation temperature controls more than 55 DEG C water rate control；
S4, carry out pseudo-wild cultivating：In annual March, spray is being installed on the trunk away from ground 5m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant
Equipment, then sunshade net is cut out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, the length
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled in trunk by bar successively from top to bottom as fixture with the mode of spiral wrap
On, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 30cm, every clump is planted 2 plants, and the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 30cm；
S5, daily management：Spraying watering 2 times per daily sprinkling equipment, carry out branch pruning according to season, ensure summer and autumn
Shading 60%, winter shading 30%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, 4~October, every 30
It sprays nutrition fertilizer 1 time, stops fertilising within 2 months before harvesting；
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings infect anthracnose in growth period, cut off in morbidity infected
Branches and leaves, sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl, and with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000
Times liquid sprays 1 time to prevent infection of the disease to new strain；If meeting red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol
1 time.
<Embodiment 2>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 600m, annual rainfall 1100cm, growth period year-round average temperature 25
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 270 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.6 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 20cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 3cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, prepare cultivation matrix：Chilean sphagna is put into 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and soaks more than 2h and carries out sterilization and disappear
Poison, then using water content be 75% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure as raw material, water content is 7.5% decomposed pine bark and pine
Leaf, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stirred after 5 mixing equal
Even that fermentate, stacking fermentation carry out high-temperature sterilization sterilization after 11 days, standby as cultivation matrix, fermentate contains during fermentation
60%, fermentation temperature controls more than 55 DEG C water rate control；
S4, carry out pseudo-wild cultivating：In annual April, spray is being installed on the trunk away from ground 5.5m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant
Equipment is drenched, then sunshade net is cut out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, described in
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled in trunk by strip successively from top to bottom as fixture with the mode of spiral wrap
On, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 35cm, every clump is planted 3 plants, and the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 40cm；
S5, daily management：Spraying watering 2 times per daily sprinkling equipment, carry out branch pruning according to season, ensure summer and autumn
Shading 65%, winter shading 40%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, 4~October, every 30
It sprays nutrition fertilizer 1 time, stops fertilising within 2 months before harvesting；
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings infect anthracnose in growth period, cut off in morbidity infected
Branches and leaves, sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl, and with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000
Times liquid sprays 2 times to prevent infection of the disease to new strain；If meeting red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol
2 times.
<Embodiment 3>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 800m, annual rainfall 1200cm, growth period year-round average temperature 27
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 300 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.7 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 25cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 5cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, prepare cultivation matrix：Chilean sphagna is put into 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and soaks more than 2h and carries out sterilization and disappear
Poison, then using water content be 80% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure as raw material, water content is 10% decomposed pine bark and pine
Leaf, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stirred after 5 mixing equal
Even that fermentate, stacking fermentation carry out high-temperature sterilization sterilization after 15 days, standby as cultivation matrix, fermentate contains during fermentation
65%, fermentation temperature controls more than 55 DEG C water rate control；
S4, carry out pseudo-wild cultivating：In annual May, spray is being installed on the trunk away from ground 6m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant
Equipment, then sunshade net is cut out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, the length
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled in trunk by bar successively from top to bottom as fixture with the mode of spiral wrap
On, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 40cm, every clump is planted 2~5 plants, and the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 50cm；
S5, daily management：Spraying watering 2 times per daily sprinkling equipment, carry out branch pruning according to season, ensure summer and autumn
Shading 70%, winter shading 50%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, 4~October, every 30
It sprays nutrition fertilizer 1 time, stops fertilising within 2 months before harvesting；
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings infect anthracnose in growth period, cut off in morbidity infected
Branches and leaves, sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl, and with 70% thiophanate methyl 1000
Times liquid sprays 3 times to prevent infection of the disease to new strain；If meeting red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol
3 times.
<Embodiment 4>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 300m, annual rainfall 1000cm, growth period year-round average temperature 18
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 250 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.6 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 15cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 1cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, cultivation matrix is prepared, comprised the following steps：
1) dry and soft bark and pine needle are ground into the particle that particle diameter is 1mm, admix mass ratio as 5：2 dry cow dung and thiamines
Decomposed raw material must be treated, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making to treat decomposed raw material is 25：1, adding lime makes the pH for treating decomposed raw material be adjusted to 5, adds watertight
Envelope 5 days mass ratio is then 0.1 60% by standby material, water content control during sealing：5 bacteria agent and jade
Ground rice adds water to mix to obtain increment microbial inoculum thoroughly, increment microbial inoculum is poured into standby material after stirring plus water-stop must seal production in 30 days
Sealing product is finally taken out tiling, dry makes water content be 5%, obtains 55% by thing, water content control during sealing
To decomposed pine bark and pine needle；
2) Chilean sphagna is put into immersion more than 2h in 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and carries out sterilizing, then with aqueous
Amount be 70% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure be raw material, the decomposed pine bark and pine needle, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are
Auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stir to obtain fermentate after 5 mixing, after stacking fermentation 7 days
High-temperature sterilization sterilization is carried out, standby as cultivation matrix, the water content control of fermentate is 55% during fermentation, fermentation temperature control
System is more than 55 DEG C.
S4, pseudo-wild cultivating is carried out, comprised the following steps：
1) dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training is tamed 8 months, selectively face growing height 5cm, plants thick more than the 0.2cm of stem,
The dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3 is used as offspring to be bundled；
2) annual March, sprinkling equipment is being installed on the trunk away from ground 5m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, then sunshade net
Growth 5m, wide 30cm strip are cut out, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, using the strip as fixture, uses spiral shell
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled on trunk by the mode of rotating winding successively from top to bottom, and dendrobium candidum seedling is in trunk
On binding position need towards in the east, root contact bark, bud point upwards, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 30cm, every clump plant 2 plants,
The root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 30cm.
S5, daily management, comprise the following steps：
1) by brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio 10：5：3 mixing are used as base-material, and it is 20 DEG C, matter to add temperature
Measure as the clear water of 300 times of the base-material, sealed 3 days after stirring, stirring 1 time daily during sealing, temperature control at 20 DEG C,
Filtered after deblocking, take supernatant liquor to obtain foliar fertilizer, by 2% 800 times of liquid of calcium superphosphate and 1% 500 times of liquid of potassium sulfate
In mass ratio 1:2 mix to obtain nutrition fertilizer；
2) per daily sprinkling equipment spraying watering 2 times, according to season carry out branch pruning, ensure summer and autumn shading 60%,
Winter shading 30%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, in 4~October, spray battalion within every 30 days
Fat up 1 time, stop fertilising within 2 months before harvesting.
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if infection anthracnose, infected branches and leaves are cut off in morbidity, with 800 times of 50% carbendazim
1000 times of liquid of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl are sprayed, and right to prevent the disease with the liquid spraying 1 time of 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl
The infection of new strain；If infection dead leaf disease, plucks disease leaf during morbidity, 1500 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder was sprayed every 10 days
Liquid, it is continuous to spray 1 time；If infecting soft rot, sick leaf is wiped out in time, root wound is smeared with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture；If meet
Red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week 1 time with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol；If stem of noble dendrobium phenanthrene shield mosquito evil is met, with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are sprayed into shield shell person with 100% Arermecinbla, 4000 times of liquid；If meeting snail insect pest, enemy is mixed with Bran skins
Hundred worms are trapped and killed.
<Embodiment 5>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 800m, annual rainfall 1200cm, growth period year-round average temperature 27
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 300 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.7 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 25cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 5cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, cultivation matrix is prepared, comprised the following steps：
1) dry and soft bark and pine needle are ground into the particle that particle diameter is 4mm, admix mass ratio as 5：2 dry cow dung and thiamines
Decomposed raw material must be treated, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making to treat decomposed raw material is 25：1, adding lime makes the pH for treating decomposed raw material be adjusted to 5.2, adds water
Sealing 6 days mass ratio is then 0.1 65% by standby material, water content control during sealing：5 bacteria agent and
Corn flour adds water to mix to obtain increment microbial inoculum thoroughly, increment microbial inoculum is poured into standby material after stirring plus water-stop must seal for 35 days
Sealing product is finally taken out tiling 60% by product, water content control during sealing, and dry makes water content be 8%,
Obtain decomposed pine bark and pine needle；
2) Chilean sphagna is put into immersion more than 2h in 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and carries out sterilizing, then with aqueous
Amount be 75% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure be raw material, water content be 8% decomposed pine bark and pine needle, powder of straw, rice chaff,
Peanut shell powder is auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stir to obtain fermentate after 5 mixing, stacks
Fermentation carries out high-temperature sterilization sterilization after 10 days, standby as cultivation matrix, during fermentation the water content control of fermentate 60%,
Fermentation temperature is controlled more than 55 DEG C.
S4, pseudo-wild cultivating is carried out, comprised the following steps：
1) dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training is tamed 15 months, selectively face growing height 10cm, plant the thick 0.2cm of stem with
On, the dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3 is used as offspring to be bundled；
2) annual April, sprinkling equipment is being installed on the trunk away from ground 5.5m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, then sunshade
Net cuts out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, and cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, using the strip as fixture, uses
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled on trunk by the mode of spiral wrap successively from top to bottom, and dendrobium candidum seedling is being set
Binding position on dry needs direction in the east, root contact bark, and upwards, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 35cm, every clump is planted 3 to bud point
Strain, the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 40cm.
S5, daily management, comprise the following steps：
1) by brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio 10：5：3 mixing are used as base-material, and it is 30 DEG C, matter to add temperature
Measure as the clear water of 300 times of the base-material, sealed 4 days after stirring, stirring 1 time daily during sealing, temperature control at 23 DEG C,
Filtered after deblocking, take supernatant liquor to obtain foliar fertilizer, by 2% 800 times of liquid of calcium superphosphate and 1% 500 times of liquid of potassium sulfate
In mass ratio 1:2 mix to obtain nutrition fertilizer；
2) per daily sprinkling equipment spraying watering 2 times, according to season carry out branch pruning, ensure summer and autumn shading 65%,
Winter shading 40%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, in 4~October, spray battalion within every 30 days
Fat up 1 time, stop fertilising within 2 months before harvesting.
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if infection anthracnose, infected branches and leaves are cut off in morbidity, with 800 times of 50% carbendazim
1000 times of liquid of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl are sprayed, and right to prevent the disease with the liquid spraying 3 times of 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl
The infection of new strain；If infection dead leaf disease, plucks disease leaf during morbidity, 1500 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder was sprayed every 10 days
Liquid, it is continuous to spray 3 times；If infecting soft rot, sick leaf is wiped out in time, root wound is smeared with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture；If meet
Red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week 3 times with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol；If stem of noble dendrobium phenanthrene shield mosquito evil is met, with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are sprayed into shield shell person with 100% Arermecinbla, 4000 times of liquid；If meeting snail insect pest, enemy is mixed with Bran skins
Hundred worms are trapped and killed.
<Embodiment 6>
The invention provides pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests, comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select height above sea level 600m, annual rainfall 1100cm, growth period year-round average temperature 24
DEG C, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 270 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.7 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 20cm, and bark thickness has depth failure crack 3cm pine
Tree is as the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant；
S3, cultivation matrix is prepared, comprised the following steps：
1) dry and soft bark and pine needle are ground into the particle that particle diameter is 3mm, admix mass ratio as 5：2 dry cow dung and thiamines
Decomposed raw material must be treated, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making to treat decomposed raw material is 25：1, adding lime makes the pH for treating decomposed raw material be adjusted to 5.5, adds water
Sealing 7 days mass ratio is then 0.1 70% by standby material, water content control during sealing：5 bacteria agent and
Corn flour adds water to mix to obtain increment microbial inoculum thoroughly, increment microbial inoculum is poured into standby material after stirring plus water-stop must seal for 45 days
Sealing product is finally taken out tiling 65% by product, water content control during sealing, and dry makes the water content be
10%, obtain decomposed pine bark and pine needle；
2) Chilean sphagna is put into immersion more than 2h in 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and carries out sterilizing, then with aqueous
Amount be 80% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure be raw material, water content be 10% decomposed pine bark and pine needle, powder of straw, rice
Chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：Stir to obtain fermentate after 5 mixing,
High-temperature sterilization sterilization is carried out after stacking fermentation 15 days, standby as cultivation matrix, the water content control of fermentate exists during fermentation
65%, fermentation temperature is controlled more than 55 DEG C.
S4, pseudo-wild cultivating is carried out, comprised the following steps：
1) dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training is tamed 20 months, selectively face growing height 15cm, plant the thick 0.2cm of stem with
On, the dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3 is used as offspring to be bundled；
2) annual May, sprinkling equipment is being installed on the trunk away from ground 6m above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant, then sunshade net
Growth 5m, wide 30cm strip are cut out, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, using the strip as fixture, uses spiral shell
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled on trunk by the mode of rotating winding successively from top to bottom, and dendrobium candidum seedling is in trunk
On binding position need towards in the east, root contact bark, bud point upwards, every clump of domesticated seedlings interval 40cm, every clump plant 5 plants,
The root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground 50cm.
S5, daily management, comprise the following steps：
1) by brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio 10：5：3 mixing are used as base-material, and it is 40 DEG C, matter to add temperature
Measure as the clear water of 300 times of the base-material, sealed 5 days after stirring, stirring 1 time daily during sealing, temperature control at 25 DEG C,
Filtered after deblocking, take supernatant liquor to obtain foliar fertilizer, by 2% 800 times of liquid of calcium superphosphate and 1% 500 times of liquid of potassium sulfate
In mass ratio 1:2 mix to obtain nutrition fertilizer；
2) per daily sprinkling equipment spraying watering 2 times, according to season carry out branch pruning, ensure summer and autumn shading 70%,
Winter shading 50%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, in 4~October, spray battalion within every 30 days
Fat up 1 time, stop fertilising within 2 months before harvesting.
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, if infection anthracnose, infected branches and leaves are cut off in morbidity, with 800 times of 50% carbendazim
1000 times of liquid of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl are sprayed, and right to prevent the disease with the liquid spraying 2 times of 1000 times of 70% thiophanate methyl
The infection of new strain；If infection dead leaf disease, plucks disease leaf during morbidity, 1500 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder was sprayed every 10 days
Liquid, it is continuous to spray 2 times；If infecting soft rot, sick leaf is wiped out in time, root wound is smeared with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture；If meet
Red spider insect pest, sprayed every other week 2 times with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol；If stem of noble dendrobium phenanthrene shield mosquito evil is met, with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are sprayed into shield shell person with 100% Arermecinbla, 4000 times of liquid；If meeting snail insect pest, enemy is mixed with Bran skins
Hundred worms are trapped and killed.
<Contrast test>
Dendrobium candidum is planted using traditional greenhouse method, the evenly laid out 4~5cm of cultivation matrix is prepared in seedbed, by iron sheet
Stem of noble dendrobium domesticated seedlings are colonized in seedbed, carry out daily management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using the dendrobium candidum that the method cultivates as pair
Ratio 1, cultivation counts dendrobium candidum offspring survival rate and determines the primary medicinal component content of dendrobium candidum after 3 years, by right
Dendrobium candidum offspring survival rate, primary medicinal component content and embodiment 1~6 are contrasted, and draw following data：
Influence of the 1 each embodiment of table to dendrobium candidum offspring survival rate, primary medicinal component content
As can be seen from Table 1, dendrobium candidum carries out pseudo-wild cultivating under selected pine forests, can significantly improve offspring
Survival rate；Also, by the use of the organic fertilizer prepared as cultivation matrix, daily pipe is carried out with the foliar fertilizer and nutrition fertilizer of preparation
Reason, it can further increase the primary medicinal component content of dendrobium candidum, so as to improve its cultivation quality.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, it is of the invention and unlimited
In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (8)
1. pseudo-wild cultivating method under a kind of dendrobium candidum pine forests, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, selection pseudo-wild cultivating environment：Select 300~800m of height above sea level, 1000~1200cm of annual rainfall, growth period annual
18~27 DEG C of temperature, more than 5 DEG C of winter temperature, annual 250~300 days frost-free periods, canopy density are 0.6~0.7 pine forests；
S2, select the tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant：It is more than 10 years to select the age of tree, sets 15~25cm of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, and bark thickness has 1~5cm of depth failure crack
Pine tree as growing nonparasitically upon another plant tree；
S3, prepare cultivation matrix：Chilean sphagna is put into immersion more than 2h in 50% Bravo, 800 times of liquid and carries out sterilizing,
Then using water content be 70%~80% chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure as raw material, water content is 5%~10% decomposed pine
Bark and pine needle, powder of straw, rice chaff, peanut shell powder are auxiliary material, by raw material, auxiliary material and Chilean sphagna by weight 10：1：5 mixing
After stir to obtain fermentate, high-temperature sterilization sterilization is carried out after stacking fermentation 7~15 days, it is standby as cultivation matrix, ferment the phase
55%~65%, fermentation temperature controls more than 55 DEG C the water content control of indirect fermentation thing；
S4, carry out pseudo-wild cultivating：3 annual~May, spray is being installed on the trunk away from 5~6m of ground above the selected tree that grows nonparasitically upon another plant
Equipment is drenched, then sunshade net is cut out growth 5m, wide 30cm strip, cultivation matrix is wrapped in the strip, described in
The root of dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings is bundled in trunk by strip successively from top to bottom as fixture with the mode of spiral wrap
On, at intervals of 30~40cm, every clump is planted 2~5 plants for the binding of every clump of domesticated seedlings, and the root for tree bottom domesticated seedlings of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is far from ground
30~50cm of face；
S5, daily management：Spraying watering 2 times per daily sprinkling equipment, carry out branch pruning according to season, ensure summer and autumn shading
60%~70%, winter shading 30%~50%, after cultivating one week, spray foliar fertilizer 1 time within every 15 days, continue 2 months, 4~10
In month, spray nutrition fertilizer 1 time within every 30 days, stop fertilising within 2 months before harvesting；
S6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings infect anthracnose in growth period, infected branch is cut off in morbidity
Leaf, sprayed with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid and 75% thiophanate methyl, and with 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid
Spraying 1~3 time is to prevent infection of the disease to new strain；If meeting red spider insect pest, 1 is sprayed every other week with 1000 times of liquid of dicofol
~3 times.
2. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that obtained in S3 decomposed
The method of pine bark and pine needle is：Dry and soft bark and pine needle are ground into the particle that particle diameter is 1~4mm, admix mass ratio as 5：2
Dry cow dung and thiamines must treat decomposed raw material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio for making to treat decomposed raw material is 25：1, adding lime makes to treat decomposed raw material
PH is adjusted to 5~5.5, add water-stop 5~7 days then standby material, water content control during sealing will 60%~70%
Mass ratio is 0.1：5 bacteria agent and corn flour adds water to mix to obtain increment microbial inoculum thoroughly, and increment microbial inoculum is poured into standby material and stirred
After mixing uniformly plus water-stop must seal product in 30~45 days, and the water content control during sealing, finally will be close 55%~65%
Seal product and take out tiling, dry makes water content be 5%~10%, that is, obtains decomposed pine bark and pine needle.
3. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the iron sheet stone in S4
Dry measure used in former times domesticated seedlings are：Dendrobium offcinale tissue cultured seedling training is tamed 8~20 months, selectively 5~15cm of face growing height, it is thick to plant stem
More than 0.2cm, the dendrobium candidum seedling that individual plant seedling leaf number is more than 3.
4. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that dendrobium candidum in S4
Binding position of the seedling on trunk is needed towards in the east, and root contact bark, bud point is upwards.
5. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that foliar fertilizer in S5
Compound method is：By brown sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio 10：5：3 mixing are used as base-material, and it is 20~40 to add temperature
DEG C, quality be 300 times of the base-material clear water, seal 3~5 days after stirring, during sealing daily stir 1 time, temperature control
System is filtered after deblocking at 20~25 DEG C, takes supernatant liquor to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
6. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nutrition fertilizer in S5
800 times of liquid of calcium superphosphate and 1% 500 times of liquid of potassium sulfate in mass ratio 1 for 2%：2 mix.
7. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that pest and disease damage is prevented in S6
Controlling also includes：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings pluck disease leaf in growth period infection dead leaf disease, morbidity, 50% was sprayed every 10 days
1500 times of liquid of iprodione wettable powder, continuously spray 1~3 time；If infecting soft rot, sick leaf is wiped out in time, root wound
Smeared with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture.
8. pseudo-wild cultivating method under dendrobium candidum pine forests as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that pest and disease damage is prevented in S6
Controlling also includes：If dendrobium candidum domesticated seedlings meet stem of noble dendrobium phenanthrene shield mosquito evil in 4~May, sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid,
Sprayed into shield shell person with 100% Arermecinbla, 4000 times of liquid；If meeting snail insect pest, mix metrifonate with Bran skins and trap and kill.
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Application publication date: 20171114 |