CN110786227A

CN110786227A - Method for planting dendrobium officinale by imitating wild epiphyte tree

Info

Publication number: CN110786227A
Application number: CN201911160889.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁斌; 罗军; 杜富强; 郁建新; 张怡; 张丽艳; 唐靖雯; 卢礼平; 赵秀; 唐先博; 南美花
Original assignee: Guizhou Xingqian Technology Development Co Ltd; GUIZHOU WARMEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Current assignee: Guizhou Xingqian Technology Development Co Ltd; GUIZHOU WARMEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-23
Filing date: 2019-11-23
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-23
Also published as: CN110786227B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting dendrobium officinale by imitating a wild epiphyte, in particular to an organic environment-friendly under-forest wild imitation planting method for dendrobium officinale, and particularly relates to the use of organic environment-friendly materials planted by imitating the wild epiphyte, which specifically comprises forest land selection and pre-planting treatment, seedling preparation, a method for attaching a tree and field management. In the invention, a little moss is added at the root of the dendrobium seedling when the dendrobium is planted, the dendrobium is planted and bound by a medical bandage, and the dendrobium is fixed by a stacking nail. The method has the advantages of high survival rate, organic and environment-friendly effects, simple planting method, labor and material saving and the like.

Description

Method for planting dendrobium officinale by imitating wild epiphyte tree

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an organic environment-friendly planting method of dendrobium officinale imitating wild epiphyte trees.

Background

Dendrobium officinale is a dry stem of orchidaceae plants, has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing heat, benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production, is called lifesaving immortal grass in folk life, and is the first of the famous and precious Chinese immortal grass in Zun from Zao cang (Collection) for thousands of years. The medicinal history of dendrobium has a long history, and the record of 'treating rheumatism, removing obstruction of qi, tonifying five internal organs, weakening fatigue, emaciation, strengthening yin and taking thick intestines and stomach for a long time' is recorded in 'Shennong herbal Jing' early in the period of Qin and Han. Modern researches find that the content of polysaccharide in the dendrobium officinale is obviously higher than that of other dendrobium, the content of alkaloid is lower, and the dendrobium officinale has better health care effect compared with other dendrobium. 2018, the national Wei Ji Commission firstly publishes that nine substances such as dendrobium officinale and the like are listed in medicinal and edible homologous varieties; flower and leaf of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo are brought into local special food management by the national Wei Ji Commission in 2018.

Dendrobium officinale (academic name: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo), also known as: HEIHONGCAO, herba Dendrobii, and Dendrobium candidum. Belongs to the field of Microscolecularia, and belongs to the family Orchidaceae, the perennial epiphytic herbaceous plant. The stem is upright and cylindrical, the length is 9-35 cm, the thickness is 2-4 mm, sepals and petals are yellow green and are similar, the long round shape is in the shape of a needle, the length is about 1.8cm, the width is 4-5 mm, and the flowering phase is 3-6 months. Mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces of China. The stem of the herb is used as a medicine, which belongs to yin-tonifying herbs in tonifying herbs.

Dendrobium officinale is a perennial herb, widely distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places, and is usually distributed on semi-yin-wet rocks in mountainous regions.

The morphological characteristics of the dendrobium officinale: the stem is upright, cylindrical, 9-35 cm long, 2-4 mm thick, no branch, multiple segments, 1-3-1.7 cm long internode, and 3-5 leaves often grown above the middle; the second row of leaves is made of paper, the long round shape is in a needle shape, the length is 3-4(-7) cm, the width is 9-11(-15) mm, the tip is blunt and is slightly hooked, the lower part of the base part is a sheath for embracing the stem, and the edge and the middle rib are always purplish; the leaf sheath is usually purple-spotted, and when old, the upper edge of the leaf sheath loosens and opens away from the stem, and 1 annular iron blue gap is left between the leaf sheath and the node.

The raceme usually comes out from the upper part of the old stem with fallen leaves and has 2-3 flowers; the inflorescence handle is 5-10 mm long, and the base part is provided with 2-3 short sheaths; the inflorescence shaft is bent in a reverse-folded shape and is 2-4 cm long; the bud sheet is dry, white, egg-shaped, 5-7 mm long, and blunt at its tip; the length of the pedicel and the ovary is 2-2.5 cm; the sepals and the petals are yellow green and similar, the long round shape is in the shape of a needle, the length is about 1.8cm, the width is 4-5 mm, the tip is sharp, and 5 veins are formed; the lateral sepal base is wider and about 1 cm wide; the sepal sac is conical, the length is about 5mm, and the tail end is round; the labial lobe is white, the base part is provided with 1 green or yellow callus, the egg shape is in the shape of a needle, the shape is shorter than the sepal, the middle part is reversely folded, the tip is sharp and not cracked or not cracked obviously 3, the two sides below the middle part are provided with mauve stripes, and the edge is wavy; the labial disc is densely covered with hair in the shape of thin papilla, and has 1 purple red plaque above the middle part; the pistil is yellow green and about 3 mm long, and both sides of the tip are respectively provided with 1 purple point; the podophyllum is yellowish green and has purplish red stripes, and hair is dredged; the cap is white, has a long oval triangle shape, is about 2.3 mm long, and has a sharp tip at the top end and 2 cracks. The flowering period is 3-6 months.

In the aspect of growth habit, the dendrobium officinale is suitable for growing in a cool, humid and air-free environment. Usually, the plant grows on the semi-yin and semi-yang rocks in mountainous regions with the elevation of 1600 meters, prefers warm and humid climate and semi-yin and semi-yang environment, and is not cold-resistant.

In terms of geographical distribution, Dendrobium officinale is widely distributed in southwest of Anhui province (Dabieshan), eastern Zhejiang province (37150;, county, Tiantai, Xiju), western Fujian province (Ninghua), northwest of Guangxi province (Tian Anthrig), Sichuan, southeast Yunnan province (stone screen, Wenshan, Ma chestnut slope, West Domain).

In the aspect of propagation methods, there are tissue rapid propagation method and plant division or cutting propagation, etc.

A tissue rapid propagation method: hardening seedlings for 14-21 days before cultivating the tissue culture seedlings, and specifically taking the measures that the tissue culture seedlings are moved to a seedling hardening room to gradually adapt to the natural environment in an open changing environment, and the seedlings can be grown in bottles when the leaves of the tissue culture seedlings are dark green.

The bottle cap is opened before the bottle is taken out, and the bottle seedlings are placed in outdoor air for 2-3 days to adapt to natural temperature and humidity. And then washing the seedlings, wherein the seedlings with the culture medium are gently taken out during seedling washing and are placed in a basin for washing, and the polluted seedlings and the bare-rooted seedlings or the seedlings with few roots are separately placed. The tissue culture seedling is firstly washed by tap water, agar is mainly washed off to prevent the agar from mildewing to cause root rot, and then the tissue culture seedling is rinsed by clean water. During seedling washing, classification is preferably carried out synchronously according to the size and the quality of the seedlings so as to facilitate cultivation and management, improve the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings and enable the tissue culture seedlings to grow regularly.

A plant division cutting propagation method: and selecting 1-year or 2-year plants which are tender green, strong, have more germination, developed root systems and have no diseases or insect pests as seed plants during plant division, cutting off dead branches, broken branches, old branches and overlong fibrous roots, cutting the plant clusters, dividing the plant clusters into small clusters, and planting 5-7 stem plants with leaves in each cluster.

In the aspect of cultivation technology, the cultivation time of the dendrobium officinale is two seasons of spring and autumn every year generally, and the spring is superior to the autumn. In Zhejiang, the best time for cultivating the dendrobium officinale is from 4 middle ten days to 6 last ten days of each year, the temperature is 12-25 ℃, the air humidity is high, the transplanting survival rate of test-tube seedlings after the test-tube seedlings are taken out of bottles is high, and the growth time is long; and secondly, from the middle ten days of 9 months to the end ten days of 10 months, the cold-resistant and anti-freezing work is especially required for the transplanting in the period. The culture medium of the dendrobium officinale is a key for high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation, the biological characteristics of the dendrobium officinale require that the culture medium has good water retention and ventilation, and large-scale production requires that the raw materials of the culture medium are easy to obtain and the operation is convenient. In the report, the matrix comprises sphagna, crushed stone, peanut shell, moss, coconut peel, pine bark, wood chip, charcoal, wood block and the like, and the bark and the wood chip or the mixture of the bark, the wood chip, the crushed stone and organic fertilizer are mainly applied in production, wherein the bark is crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 2-3 cm. The dendrobium officinale cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse, the greenhouse is required to be ventilated, shaded and rain-sheltered, an insect-proof net is arranged, and natural factors such as illumination, temperature, humidity, ventilation and the like of a field are considered according to the growth habit of the dendrobium officinale. The suitable growth temperature of the dendrobium officinale is 15-30 ℃, the dendrobium officinale is hot in summer in Zhejiang, and is generally covered by a 80% sunshade net, and a plastic film is opened to facilitate cooling; the winter is cold, and the double-layer plastic film is used for sealing and heat preservation under the sun shading degree of 30-50 percent. The dendrobium officinale needs to keep the matrix moist, the air humidity is preferably kept above 80%, water cannot be accumulated, and the dendrobium officinale is preferably irrigated by adopting spray irrigation or drip irrigation and cannot be irrigated by adopting spray irrigation or drip irrigation. The water pouring amount is different in different regions in different seasons.

The dendrobium officinale has huge market potential, the dendrobium officinale medicinal materials are in short supply with the development of the market, and Guizhou utilizes own environmental resources to vigorously develop the wild-attached trees for planting the dendrobium officinale, so that the dendrobium officinale has great significance for the development of the dendrobium officinale.

At present, the binding material of the wild-simulated planting method of the dendrobium officinale mainly takes a black sunshade net as a pocket, and is bound and planted after a culture medium is added, or is bound and planted by hemp ropes.

Therefore, a new method for planting dendrobium officinale in the wild imitation manner is still expected in the field, so as to solve the technical difficulties encountered in the wild imitation planting of dendrobium officinale at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a wild-simulated planting method for dendrobium officinale, which is expected to solve one or more technical problems in wild-simulated planting of the dendrobium officinale. The inventor of the invention has long-term endeavored to carry out experimental design research on the wild-simulated planting method of the dendrobium officinale, and the medical bandage is bundled and fixed by the tacking nail, the method is simple to operate, the matrix is less in use, the medical bandage can be degraded after 3 years, the environment is protected, and the method can be used for planting by one person, so that the labor and the force are saved, and the survival rate is high. Thereby well solving the problem remained by the traditional planting method and having better market effect. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.

Therefore, the invention provides a method for planting dendrobium officinale by imitating a wild epiphyte tree in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: forest land selection and pre-planting treatment

Selecting a humid and ventilated environment with the slope below 45 ℃, the air humidity above 60%, the lowest air temperature not lower than-3 ℃, the annual average air temperature above 17 ℃, the altitude of 500-1000 m, the illumination intensity of 5000-10000 lux and the forest stand yin density of 0.4-0.7 in the forest land,

after the selection, thinning the forest land to ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the cultivation land,

then, a sprinkling irrigation system is built above the forest land, and the forest land is disinfected;

step 2: seedling selection

[ the wild imitation epiphyte tree cultivation requirement of the dendrobium officinale is close to nature, and the artificial interference is reduced ] selecting high-quality seedlings which have strong resistance and can adapt to the natural environment, after the seedlings are hardened in a hardening-seedling greenhouse, the seedlings are transplanted under a facility planting greenhouse to grow for more than one year to two years, so that the dendrobium officinale seedlings domestication requirement is met, and the plants are complete, robust and free of plant diseases and insect pests;

and step 3: planting attached tree

The planting time is 3-5 months in spring or 9-10 months in autumn (the optimal planting time is 3-5 months, the temperature is appropriate, the air humidity is high, the rooting of the dendrobium officinale is facilitated, and a medical bandage and a tacking gun are prepared in advance during planting),

on a pre-selected live tree with the diameter of more than 10cm, medical bandage binding is carried out on a tree trunk between 60cm and 200cm away from the ground (too low is greatly influenced by plant diseases and insect pests, dew in the morning and evening, and the like, and is higher, so that the planting management and picking are inconvenient), a circle of medical bandage is planted on the tree trunk at intervals of 20-30 cm in layers, the position of 10-15cm away from each layer of cluster is planted (the medical bandage can be adjusted according to the size of the seedling),

the roots of domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings are straightened, the roots close to stem bases are bound by bandages to expose the stem bases so as to facilitate germination, the roots of the seedlings are spread as thin as possible and tightly attached to trunks or branches when being bound, the roots on the other side are covered by a small amount of soaked (i.e. soaked) moss (i.e. matrix), then the moss is fixed by using the bandages and then fixed by using a tacking gun [ two circles (the diameter of the bandage is 8cm) are required for binding general bandages, if the roots are longer, the roots on the lower part can be exposed out of the bandages, the influence is smaller, and forward binding and reverse binding can be selected according to the sizes of the seedlings ],

frequently observing the growth condition of the dendrobium officinale, guiding the roots of the dendrobium officinale to be attached to the tree trunk after 1-2 months, adding a little matrix to allow the dendrobium officinale to grow if the roots of the dendrobium officinale are not attached to the tree trunk, and finally slowly inducing all the roots of the dendrobium officinale to be attached to the tree trunk until the dendrobium officinale is successfully planted;

and 4, step 4: post management

Watering a small amount of water three days before planting, keeping the water on the leaf surface,

spraying water for one to two weeks after three days according to the dry and wet degree of the culture medium (moss) around the root system, if no rain exists, spraying water for 1-2 times every day,

during the management period, the water management is closely concerned, the environmental humidity is kept to be about 70 percent in the growing season, the substrate humidity is preferably small, the air humidity is preferably large,

the fertilizer application is organic fertilizer spraying, organic management is carried out, after 1 week of planting, water-soluble fertilizer (such as flowers or monopotassium phosphate) containing various trace elements is applied for one time in 1-2 weeks, the roots are guided to grow as soon as possible under the principle of thin fertilizer application (foliar fertilizer can also be applied in the fertilizer, preferably once a month),

after planting for several months, spraying and applying the diluted supernatant fluid of the decomposed sheep manure or rape seed cake according to the proportion of 1:100 (the manure such as rape seed cake and sheep manure can be applied after being fermented and decomposed),

fertilizing three times in a growth period of one year, fertilizing the first early spring fertilizer before the plant sprouts in 4 months, and fertilizing the second growth fertilizer in 6 months in the growth period; the third time is the fertilization of the overwintering fertilizer in 10 months,

(the under-forest base is in an open air state, the peripheral weeds are more, and people need to organize for weeding) regularly, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced,

after planting, closely observing the plant diseases and insect pests (the wild-like cultivation is mainly based on the insect pests and fungal diseases, so as to try best) and mainly preventing the plant diseases and the insect pests and the fungal diseases, and reducing the use of pesticides according to the principle of physical prevention (such as light trapping and killing, lime spreading and disinfection and the like).

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, the selected forest is preferably a coniferous and broadleaf, evergreen and deciduous, photic and peltry forest.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, the selected forest land is preferably a living tree with straight or flat branches, thick bark and multiple longitudinal furrows, high moisture content and often moss growth and no pungent taste.

Preferably, the selected forest land is selected according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention from the group consisting of pear trees, camphor trees, pine trees, chestnut trees, bamboo, yew trees, and the like.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, after thinning, the cultivation land is ensured to be breathable and transparent, and the sun shading rate is 50-70%.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, when thinning, pruning is carried out on the selected cultivation branches to be cultivated, and dead branches, twigs, dense branches, vines and the like are removed, so as to reduce the infection of germs on the dendrobium officinale.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, when thinning, the stump is selected to prune lateral branches below two meters above the ground (so as to facilitate the subsequent binding of dendrobium officinale).

The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein after thinning, dwarf shrubs, weeds and dead branches in the forest are intensively treated and removed.

The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the centralized treatment and removal of dwarf shrubs, weeds and dead branches in the forest after thinning does not destroy moss on the ground and moss and bark on the trunk.

The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the disinfection is carried out after the elimination of dwarf shrubs, weeds and deadwood, by disinfecting the environment with quicklime or other chemical organic pesticide agents.

The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the sterilization is to brush quicklime at 50cm off the ground of the stump to be planted and spray one thousandth of potassium permanganate solution on the planted tree trunk to prevent the plant diseases and insect pests.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, before cultivation, the domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings are soaked in 1000 times of rooting powder for 3-10s, and then soaked in 1000 times of mancozeb for 3-10s for disinfection treatment.

The method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the domesticated Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo seedlings are cultivated by using moss and white moss as fixing substrates.

The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the adjustment of the shade level is performed on the forest during post-management. The dendrobium cultivated by sticking trees has continuously increased shading degree along with the growth of the attached main plants.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, when the shading degree is adjusted, the over-dense branches are properly trimmed and removed in winter and spring every year so as to control the shading degree to be 55-650%. Too much shading is not suitable for the growth of the dendrobium,

the method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the degree of shading is adjusted, further comprises removing weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves growing between and around the dendrobium plants. This is advantageous in maintaining light transmittance and ventilation in the forest.

The method according to the first aspect of the invention further comprises a step of harvesting dendrobium officinale.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, the dendrobium officinale is harvested before the plants do not sprout before the plants are cleared from winter to light.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, when the dendrobium officinale is collected, the stems of the dendrobium officinale growing for 2-3 years are collected.

According to the method of the first aspect of the invention, when the dendrobium officinale is collected, the dendrobium officinale is collected to be large and small, collected to be old and new, and cut at a position 1-2 cm away from the rhizome, and two plants in each cluster are used as stock plants.

The method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the moss is selected from moss or whitewater moss.

In the above-described method steps of the present invention, although the specific steps described therein may be distinguished in some detail or by language other than that described in the examples of the detailed description which follows, those skilled in the art will be able to readily devise many other varied embodiments that still incorporate the above-described method steps by reference to the detailed disclosure.

Any embodiment of any aspect of the invention may be combined with other embodiments, as long as they do not contradict. Furthermore, in any embodiment of any aspect of the invention, any feature may be applicable to that feature in other embodiments, so long as they do not contradict. The invention is further described below.

All documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety and to the extent such documents do not conform to the meaning of the present invention, the present invention shall control. Further, the various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning as is known to those skilled in the art, and even though such terms and phrases are intended to be described or explained in greater detail herein, reference is made to the term and phrase as being inconsistent with the known meaning and meaning as is accorded to such meaning throughout this disclosure.

According to records from Shen nong Ben Cao Jing in Qin and Han, the dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo mainly injures middle energizer, removes arthralgia, purges qi, tonifies five internal organs, makes deficient and consumptive disease, emaciation, strengthens yin and thickens intestines and stomach after long-term use; the famous-region medical classics of Daojiao medical science (Daozha) one thousand years ago sets the dendrobium officinale as the head of the nine-large fairy grass of China; li Shizhen evaluates the dendrobium officinale, namely 'strengthening yin and replenishing essence, thickening intestines and stomach, tonifying interior never enough, calming stomach qi, growing muscles, benefiting intelligence and removing fright, slimming and prolonging life' in 'Bencao gang mu'; the modern dendrobium officinale stem called as 'life saving Mesona chinensis' by folk can clear heat, promote fluid production, diminish inflammation, relieve pain, clear and moisten throat, and has good curative effect on hoarseness. The dendrobium has good effects of resisting fatigue and resisting anoxia. The dendrobium officinale in the pharmacy is various in types and low in price, is usually made of aquatic weeds, only a few large brands in China can buy the real dendrobium officinale, and the dendrobium officinale in the pharmacy is most authentic represented by two old brands, namely the dendrobium officinale in the future and the collemboat. The price of the Tongrentang is the most expensive, the package is beautiful, and the wine is suitable for gift delivery.

Relates to the effect of Dendrobium officinale on treating stomach yin deficiency and body fluid impairment due to fever. It is good at nourishing stomach yin, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, and clearing stomach heat. For body fluid impairment due to heat disease, polydipsia, dry tongue with black coating, it is often combined with Tian Hua fen, Sheng Di Huang and Mai Dong, as in Qing Bao jin from Shi Bing Lun. For epigastric pain, gingival swelling and pain, mouth and tongue sores due to stomach heat and yin deficiency, it is combined with Sheng Di, Mai Dong and Huang Qin, etc.

Relates to the effect of dendrobium officinale on kidney yin deficiency. It can nourish kidney yin and descend deficiency fire, so it is indicated for dim and poor vision, atrophy-flaccidity of tendons and bones, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency, steaming and over-heating of bones due to kidney yin deficiency. For dim and poor vision due to kidney yin deficiency, it is often combined with Gou Qi Zi, Shu Di Huang and Tu Si Zi, for instance, it is used with Shi Hu Huo Lu Wan (original mechanical promoter micro). For atrophy-flaccidity of tendons and bones due to kidney yin deficiency, it is combined with liver and kidney tonics and tendon and bone-strengthening herbs, such as Shu Di Huang, shan Zhu Yu, Du Zhong and niu xi, etc. For bone-steaming and fatigue-heat due to kidney deficiency with effulgent fire, it is combined with kidney-yin-nourishing and deficiency-heat-clearing herbs, such as Sheng Di Huang, Gou Qi Zi, Huang Bai and Hu Huang Lian, etc.

Dendrobium officinale is sweet in flavor and slightly cold in nature. Has the effects of nourishing yin, clearing away heat, reinforcing stomach and promoting fluid production. The herba Dendrobii contains alkaloid such as dendrobine, mucilaginous substance, starch, polysaccharide, mannose, etc. The Dendrobium officinale has effects of relieving fever and pain, promoting gastric secretion, promoting digestion, enhancing metabolism, and resisting aging. Clinically, the dendrobium officinale can be used for treating body fluid damage caused by heat, low heat, polydipsia, red tongue and little coating; deficient stomach yin, thirst, dry throat, vomiting, poor appetite, dull pain in the stomach, and a pale tongue with little coating; kidney yin deficiency, blurred vision.

People have a plurality of eating methods of dendrobium officinale. For example, tea: taking 20-30 g of fresh dendrobium officinale, cleaning, removing clothes, slicing or cutting into sections, cracking, adding a few or a few of Chinese wolfberry fruits, adding a plurality of clear water (according to the drinking amount of the Chinese wolfberry fruits), boiling the water with strong fire, and then boiling the water with slow fire for more than 30 minutes to drink. Or directly drinking with boiling water. Taking out herba Dendrobii for eating after eating. Diet: taking 30-50 g of fresh dendrobium officinale, washing with clear water, slicing or cutting into sections and cracking, and stewing chicken, duck, bone and the like according to personal taste preference. The cooking time is slightly longer than usual. Adding wine: taking 500 g of fresh dendrobium officinale, washing and cleaning with clear water, and soaking 1000 g of medlar, American ginseng and white spirit for 2 months and then taking a proper amount of dendrobium officinale in the morning and at night. Juicing: the tea is cleaned and juiced by a juicer according to the ratio of 10:1, the taste is better by adding honey, and the tea has the effects of sobering up, protecting liver and relieving headache after drinking before drinking and has obvious effect.

The health promotion effect of dendrobium officinale on human bodies is well known. For example:

relates to the function of dendrobium officinale for nourishing yin and body fluid. According to the book of Chinese medicine dictionary, Fengdou is named to nourish lung and stomach qi and promote the flow of qi and liquid, so that kidney water is produced, so that he is good at nourishing yin and promoting the production of body fluid, and can treat various diseases of yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency. The traditional Chinese medicine holds that the yin fluid is the material basis of the life activities of human bodies, has the functions of moistening the body viscera and brain marrow bones and inhibiting the hyperactivity of yang and fire, and can maintain the normal activities of growth, development and reproductive functions. If the yin fluid of the human body is insufficient, symptoms such as listlessness, dull complexion, dry eyes, mental retardation, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, dizziness and hypodynamia, dry mouth and tongue, sore throat, constipation and the like can appear, the maple bucket is the essential medicine for nourishing yin, and the problem of insufficient yin fluid of the human body can be fundamentally solved by taking the maple bucket.

Relates to the physique-strengthening function of dendrobium officinale. Dendrobe has the functions of nourishing yin and blood, and the Qing Dynasty's medical theory says that dendrobe can tonify kidney and accumulate essence, nourish stomach yin and tonify qi. The herba Dendrobii contains abundant polysaccharides. Experiments prove that the dendrobium polysaccharide has the function of enhancing the immunologic function and can enhance the phagocytosis capability of abdominal cavity macrophages on chicken red blood cells.

Relates to the spleen and stomach tonifying effect of dendrobium officinale. The spleen and stomach have the important function of digesting food and taking food essence to nourish the whole body, and are the source of nutrition, so whether the nutrition is sufficient or not depends on the functions of the spleen and stomach. Dendrobe is a stomach-benefiting and fluid-generating medicine, recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing and Ben Cao Xin, and called as an enterogastric medicine by people, and is a common medicine for treating epigastric pain and epigastric pain. Modern experiments prove that the dendrobium has a good inhibition effect on helicobacter pylori which is a common pathogenic bacterium in spleen and stomach diseases, and is beneficial to treating helicobacter pylori positive diseases such as atrophic gastritis, superficial gastritis, duodenal ulcer and the like, and meanwhile, oral dendrobium decoction can promote secretion of gastric juice, enhance emptying capacity of stomach and help digestion.

Relates to the liver protection and gallbladder function of dendrobium officinale. Dendrobium has good cholagogic effect, and doctors of all ages believe that Dendrobium candidum has the effect of nourishing liver yin, is an essential medicine for treating various liver-gallbladder syndromes, and can be used for treating liver-gallbladder diseases such as hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and the like. Clear deficiency heat. Deficiency-heat is manifested by fatigue, weakness, dizziness, flushed face, palpitation, cough, scanty phlegm, insomnia, amnesia, yellowish or reddish urine, red tongue, thready pulse, etc. The compendium of materia medica and supplement of materia medica respectively record the functions of clearing stomach and removing deficiency heat, and the functions of treating hemorrhoids and stomach deficiency heat. Compared with the common heat-clearing medicines, the dendrobium can clear deficiency heat completely, and is characterized by yin deficiency and exuberant heat. Pharmacological experiments show that the dendrobium can obviously reduce the fever peak value and the body temperature response index of the rabbit with the hot condition and shorten the heat development time.

Relates to the function of strengthening tendons and bones of dendrobium officinale. After the person enters middle-aged, the yin body fluid of the human body begins to weaken, the functions of the muscles and the bones are gradually reduced, the dendrobium can nourish yin fluid, and the yin fluid can lubricate joints, so that the effects of strengthening the muscles and the bones, smoothing the joints and enhancing the anti-rheumatism effect are achieved. Modern pharmacological research shows that the dendrobium can improve the stress capability and has good effects of resisting fatigue and resisting anoxia. Promoting circulation, dendrobe can nourish yin, moisten the channels, dilate blood vessels, thereby promoting blood circulation. Experimental results show that the dendrobium can obviously improve the blood stasis symptom, reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride, improve the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and can treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Relates to the blood sugar reducing effect of dendrobium officinale. The traditional Chinese medicine considers that the diabetes mainly takes kidney yin deficiency and lung and stomach early heat as basic pathogenesis, takes deficiency of both qi and yin as pathological characteristics, and dendrobium has the functions of nourishing yin, clearing heat and moistening dryness, thus being a special medicine for treating diabetes since ancient times. Clinical research shows that the dendrobium can not only enhance the activity of insulin, but also obviously reduce the blood sugar level and restore the blood sugar to normal.

Relates to the tumor inhibition effect of dendrobium officinale. The dendrobium has killing effect on certain cells of human lung cancer, ovarian cancer and promyelocytic leukemia, and has strong anti-tumor activity. Clinical time shows that the dendrobium is used for adjuvant therapy of malignant tumors, can improve the symptoms of tumor patients, relieve the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, enhance immunity, improve life quality and prolong life time.

Relates to the eye brightening effect of dendrobium officinale. Traditional Chinese medicine considers that essence and qi of five zang-organs and six fu-organs are injected to eyes through veins, and the physiological pathology of the liver opening into eyes is closely related to the exuberance of yin essence of the liver, and dendrobium has the functions of nourishing yin and eyes, and is taken as a good item for protecting eyes by doctors of different generations. Modern drug efficacy research proves that dendrobium has a delaying effect on preventing and treating cataract which is common ophthalmic disease of the old, can keep thirty-six and eight percent of transparency of crystalline lens, and has an inhibiting or correcting effect on abnormal change of enzyme activity caused by galactose.

Relates to the skin nourishing effect of dendrobium officinale. After the human body enters the middle-aged period, the internal yin fluid is gradually reduced, so that the skin aging is accelerated, and the skin becomes black or wrinkled. The herba Dendrobii contains abundant mucus, and has nourishing and moistening effects on human skin.

Relates to the life prolonging effect of dendrobium officinale. The Shen nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen nong's herbal Jing) lists herba Dendrobii as a commodity medicine with the effects of reducing weight and prolonging life. Modern researches show that the dendrobium contains various trace elements which have close relation to the health and the longevity of human bodies, and the anti-aging effect of the dendrobium on the human bodies is wider and more comprehensive than that of common medicines on the human bodies.

In addition, various classical traditional Chinese medicine theories record the efficacy of the dendrobium officinale in detail. For example, dendrobium officinale is recorded in Bencao gang mu: remove arthralgia and descending qi, nourish internal organs, strengthen yin and nourish essence. After long-term administration, the stomach is thickened, the interior is never filled enough, stomach qi is calmed, muscles are grown, hot miliaria qi is removed, pain and cold arthralgia of feet and knees are weak, intelligence is fixed, convulsion is removed, the body is lightened, and the life is prolonged. Replenishing qi to remove heat, strengthening yang, dispelling wind-evil from skin, keeping bones cold for a long time, tonifying kidney and benefiting strength. It can be used to treat spontaneous sweating, carbuncle, cellulitis and pus discharge. The book records dendrobium officinale from Shen nong Ben Cao Jing: mainly injure middle energizer, remove arthralgia, descend qi, tonify internal organs and consumptive disease, emaciation and yin strengthening. It has effects of improving gastrointestinal function, reducing weight, and prolonging life. The book of Benjing records dendrobium officinale: sweet and mild in taste. Mainly injures middle energizer, removes arthralgia, discharges qi, tonifies five internal organs, makes deficiency, weak, strengthens yin, and thickens intestines and stomach after long-term administration. Compendium (compendium): sweet, bland and slightly salty, it is indicated for spontaneous sweating, abscess, deep-rooted carbuncle and pus-discharging obstruction. The compendium addendum records dendrobium officinale: it can clear stomach, remove deficiency heat, promote the production of body fluid, replace strain and promote appetite and invigorate spleen. Arresting convulsions and treating wind, can suppress salivation and phlegm, and is sweet and fragrant and can direct qi downward.

The eating method of dendrobium officinale is well known.

1. Is eaten fresh. In the past years without antibiotic fever reduction, the fresh dendrobium officinale has special effect on fever of children and has no side effect of antibiotic. For fever caused by various fevers, the fresh dendrobium officinale can be mashed and swallowed with boiled water, or directly chewed, or decocted with boiled water for taking, so that the fever can be relieved, and the adult can also be used for treating deficiency-fire toothache.

2. Making tea. The old goose mountain dendrobium candidum is crushed into powder, 3-5 g/person/day, and the old goose mountain dendrobium candidum is drunk with boiling water for 30 days, so that the special effect is achieved. Or decocting herba Dendrobii with water for more than 30 min for cyclic administration, and eating together with residue after eating on the same day. Has effects in clearing away heat, nourishing yin, and relieving fatigue.

3. Is eaten in diet. The Dendrobium candicum can be added into daily diet, such as stewed chicken and stewed pigeon. The following two examples are referenced: 1) dendrobium candicum porridge: 5 g of dendrobium candidum, 50 g of rice and a proper amount of rock sugar. 2) Cordyceps sinensis dendrobium candidum soup: a pair of raw coccykuporus, 5 cordyceps sinensis strips, 5 g of dendrobium candidum, 200 g of lean pork and one corner of dried orange peel. Has the curative effect of nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid and nourishing liver and kidney, and is suitable for all ages.

4. Fengdou Qingwei Yin. [ raw materials ] 10 g of old goose mountain dendrobium candidum, 12 g of bamboo shavings, 30 g of reed rhizome, 15 g of dandelion, 10 g of fructus aurantii, 15 g of radix ophiopogonis, 6 g of mint, 12 g of white paeony root and 6 g of liquorice. [ usage ] 200ml of water is decocted in the morning and evening, and the decoction is taken warmly before meals. [ curative effect ] has effects of refreshing, moistening, regulating qi-flowing and relieving pain. Chronic superficial gastritis and gastric ulcer with preference for heat.

5. Soaking in wine for drinking. Life-prolonging dendrobium candidum wine: 250 g of dendrobium candidum, 60 g of radix rehmanniae recen, 30 g of radix achyranthis bidentatae, 20 g of eucommia bark, 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza and 10 liters of white spirit. [ curative effect ] lumbago, skelalgia, tiredness, asthenia, and rheumatic arthralgia. Tonify kidney, strengthen tendons and bones, and relieve itching.

6. Materials of the yin-nourishing and kidney-nourishing soup (1 part by weight): aweto, dendrobium officinale, white paeony root and pulp of dogwood fruit each 15 g, mulberry fruit, glossy privet fruit, eclipta alba and prepared rhizome of rehmannia each 25 g. Cooking: decocting in 4 bowls of clear water to 1 bowl. The efficacy is as follows: the cordyceps sinensis can nourish kidney and liver, and the dendrobium officinale, the white paeony root, the mulberry fruit, the cornus officinalis and the like are traditional Chinese medicines for nourishing yin, so that the cordyceps sinensis is most suitable for nourishing liver and kidney of people with yin deficiency.

7. American ginseng dendrobium tea: [ raw materials ] American ginseng 5 g, old wild goose mountain officinal dendrobium stem 30 g. The preparation method comprises selecting radix Panacis Quinquefolii, cleaning, sun drying or oven drying, cutting into pieces, and placing into a large container. Putting old Yanshan Dendrobium candicum into an earthen pot, adding 200ml of water, boiling with strong fire, stewing with slow fire for 30 minutes, filtering with clean gauze, removing residues, collecting filtrate, putting into a container containing radix Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces, covering and sealing for 15 minutes, and drinking. (or grinding radix Panacis Quinquefolii and herba Dendrobii into fine powder, mixing with boiling water, and drinking instead of tea, 3-5 g each time, 1-2 times daily) the tea is taken as FAN tea, and drinking 2 times in the morning and afternoon frequently. Can be taken instead of tea, and is eaten up in the same day. [ efficacy ] nourishing yin and stomach, promoting the production of body fluid and relieving cough. The formula is suitable for patients with stomach yin deficiency and excess heat type leukemia complicated with stomatitis. [ MEASUREMENT ] American ginseng is cool in nature, sweet and slightly bitter in taste, good at tonifying qi and nourishing yin, clearing fire and promoting the production of body fluid. Modern pharmacological research proves that the American ginseng can improve the disease resistance of organisms and inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The dendrobium has the functions of nourishing stomach yin and promoting the production of body fluid, and clinical research data shows that the dendrobium has the effects of treating thirst, polydipsia, dry throat and tongue, constipation and the like caused by the symptoms of damaging the body fluid after cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy and yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency. The two medicines are combined into a dietary therapy tea drink, has obvious effects of nourishing yin and stomach, promoting the production of body fluid and relieving cough, has a better auxiliary treatment effect on patients with the stomach yin deficiency heat type leukemia complicated with stomatitis, and is particularly suitable for teenagers, children and elderly leukemia patients.

8. Steaming the dendrobium nobile: raw materials: 1500 g of green snail (conch), 9 g of pork fillet and 6 g of dendrobium. Seasoning: a little salt preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) mashing semen Apii Graveolentis, cleaning, scalding with boiling water, and taking out. The soup is filtered for use. 2) Selecting snail meat, cleaning with light saline water, draining, and placing into a stewing cup. The pork fillet is cut into blocks and then is splashed by boiling water to remove blood dirt. 3) Decocting the snail juice and the dendrobium in a small pot for about 20 minutes, removing the medicine residue, and filtering the medicine juice for later use. 4) Pouring the medicinal liquid into a stewing cup, placing the pork fillet on the surface of the snail meat in the cup, stewing for about 1 hour, and adding salt to obtain the product. The characteristics are as follows: the taste is fresh and slightly sweet. The efficacy is as follows: the dendrobium can be stewed with the green snail and the pork to nourish yin, moisten dryness, promote urination, quench thirst and promote diuresis, and can treat emaciation, constipation, dry cough and alcoholic intoxication.

9. Decoction for nourishing Yin and quenching thirst: materials: 6-9 g of dendrobium, 12 g of asparagus, polygonatum, adenophora tetraphylla, rhizoma polygonati, prepared rehmannia root, Chinese yam, poria cocos and 5 g of dried orange peel. The use method comprises the following steps: optionally adding appropriate amount of lean meat or chicken, and adding boiling water, and cooking for three hours in eight bowls. The product can be seasoned with salt when eaten. The efficacy is as follows: it is effective in treating diabetes, and liver and stomach yin injury caused by excessive smoking and drinking.

10. Herba dendrobii-semen cassiae granules: materials: dendrobium, American ginseng each 30-50 g, medlar, chrysanthemum, dodder, flatstem milkvetch seed, glossy privet fruit, cassia seed, plantain seed each 60 g, and salvia miltiorrhiza 60-80 g. The use method comprises the following steps: the above medicines are ground into fine powder. Twice a day, 3-5 g each time. It is administered after mixing with boiling water. The effect is better when the medicine is continuously taken for more than three months. The efficacy is as follows: can be used for treating hypertension, glaucoma, and cataract due to deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin.

11. Tea beverage: the polygonatum, the coastal glehnia root, the dendrobium, the dwarf lilyturf tuber each 15 g and five dark plums are decocted with water to obtain juice, and a proper amount of rock candy is added to replace tea for drinking, so that the tea can be used for treating mouth dryness and excrement dryness caused by heat disease yin impairment or excessive sweating in summer. 12. 15 g of coastal glehnia root, 10 g of dried rehmannia root, dwarf lilyturf tuber and dendrobium respectively and a proper amount of rock sugar are decocted with water for oral administration, which is suitable for the symptoms of body fluid deficiency, dry throat and mouth, inappetence, constipation, difficult urination and the like after hyperpyrexia.

The usage and dosage of Dendrobium candicum are as follows: 1. adopting a low-temperature cell wall breaking grinding method: grinding into fine powder of 200 meshes or more (without pulverizing with high-speed heating type common pulverizer, and breaking medicinal molecules due to high temperature generated during crushing). 3 g of dendrobium candidum fine powder is taken every day and taken with warm boiled water twice a day in the morning and evening (if qi is required to be supplemented, a small amount of American ginseng or ginseng powder can be added for taking together). The recommended method has the best effect and is suitable for long-term administration. 2. Ancient method wide soup is decocted for a long time: taking 5-6 g (two days) of raw materials of the dendrobium candidum, adding 1.5L of water, and stewing and boiling the mixture in an earthen pot. The decoction is taken after twenty-four hours of first boiling, eight hours of second boiling, eight hours of third boiling, and eight hours of fourth boiling, and the decoction and the dendrobium officinale residue are taken together. The good dendrobium candidum is fragrant and tender in quality, less in residue, high in viscosity and clear and not greasy in taste after being boiled, and can be directly drunk without adding any seasoning. Suitable for long-term administration [ if qi is required to be supplemented, a little radix Panacis Quinquefolii or Ginseng radix can also be added ]. 3. 3-5 g of raw dendrobium candidum is taken and stewed with chicken and duck for 100 minutes by slow fire, and the raw dendrobium candidum is eaten together with residues.

As described in example 1 herein, moss (moss or sphagnum) soaking was performed as follows: spraying water with the weight being 23-30% of that of the moss into the moss to be foamed, and then placing the moss at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 24 hours to complete foaming; the water used had dissolved 0.01% w/v sodium selenite and suspended 0.05% w/v calcium pyrophosphate (pre-ground to a particle size of less than 200 mesh and suspended in water). In example 1, when the wild-type planting of dendrobium officinale is carried out using moss or white moss soaked in water and containing sodium selenite and calcium pyrophosphate as a substrate, 91.6% of plants with aerial roots attached to the stems (91.6% may be referred to herein as planting success rate) and 88.6% of plants with aerial roots attached to the stems (88.6% of planting success rate) are observed and counted 4 months after planting (more than 1000 plants, the same applies below). In a supplementary example of the present invention (i.e., referred to herein as supplementary example a), the process of example 1 was followed, except that no sodium selenite or calcium pyrophosphate was added to the water used during the soaking of moss or white water moss, and as a result: observed and counted 4 months after planting, 35.2 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the moss matrix, and 27.9 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the white moss matrix. In a supplementary example of the present invention (i.e., which may be referred to herein as supplementary example B), reference is made to the method of example 1, except that no sodium selenite is added to the water used when the moss or white water moss is allowed to foam, and as a result: observed and counted 4 months after planting, 32.5 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the moss matrix, and 30.3 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the white moss matrix. In a supplementary example of the present invention (i.e. which may be referred to herein as supplementary example C), reference is made to the method of example 1, except that no calcium pyrophosphate is added to the water used when the moss or white water moss is allowed to foam, and as a result: observed and counted 4 months after planting, 42.1 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the moss matrix, and 33.7 percent of plants with aerial roots attached to the tree trunk with the white moss matrix. The results show that the planting success rate of the dendrobium officinale imitating wild planting can be remarkably improved when the method disclosed by the embodiment 1 of the invention is used for carrying out soaking treatment. Thus, in one embodiment of the method of the invention, wherein the substrate, i.e. the moss, is foamed as follows: spraying water with the weight being 23-30% of that of the moss into the moss to be foamed, and then placing the moss at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 24 hours to complete foaming; the water used had dissolved 0.01% w/v sodium selenite and suspended 0.05% w/v calcium pyrophosphate (pre-ground to a particle size of less than 200 mesh and suspended in water).

The invention aims to solve the technical obstacles that in the process of the prior wild-imitating planting method for dendrobium officinale, binding materials are mainly wrapped by black sunshade nets, and then are bound and planted after being added with culture mediums or are bound and planted by hemp ropes, the method has the disadvantages of troublesome operation, more consumption of the planting mediums, poor air permeability, easy root rot, inconvenient field management, difficult decay and degradation of the sunshade nets for years, great environmental pollution, time and labor waste during binding with trees, inconvenient operation and the like. The inventor makes long-term efforts to carry out experimental design research on the wild-simulated planting method of the dendrobium officinale, and the medical bandage is bundled and fixed by the stacking nails, so that the method is simple to operate, the matrix is less in use, the medical bandage can be degraded after 3 years, the environment is protected, the planting can be completed by one person, the labor and the force are saved, and the survival rate is high. Thereby well solving the problem remained by the traditional planting method and having better market effect.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described by the following examples, however, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention has been described generally and/or specifically with respect to materials used in testing and testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. The following examples further illustrate the invention without limiting it.

The following preparation steps are given for the purpose of illustration and are based on the comparative nature of the respective examples and the person skilled in the art is fully enabled to generalize from the prior knowledge the process of the invention for preparing the products of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the test result of planting dendrobium officinale in imitating wild epiphyte trees of pine trees and pear trees.

FIG. 2: the state after the clearing of the sparse branches of the forest land and the clearing and the disinfection of the planting land before the planting is finished.

FIG. 3: the bandage imitates the typical example of wild planting method.

FIG. 4: typical examples of spray irrigation used in imitation of wild planting methods.

Detailed Description

First, choose the place

The method comprises the steps of reasonably selecting a cultivation base before cultivation, selecting a damp and ventilated environment with the gradient below 45 ℃, the air humidity above 60%, the lowest air temperature below-3 ℃, the annual average air temperature above 17 ℃, the altitude of 500-1000 m and the illumination intensity of 5000-10000 lux, wherein the illumination is generally diffuse reflection and scattered light under the forest condition, the yield and the quality are affected by over-strong and over-weak illumination, and the forest stand has the shade density of 0.4-0.7 and is suitable.

Selecting tree species: the forest land can be coniferous and broadleaf, evergreen and deciduous, and smooth and rough. The living tree with straight trunk or flat branch, thick bark and multiple longitudinal and furrow lines, high water content, moss growing frequently and no pungent taste is the first choice. The main tree species are preferably pear trees, camphor trees, pine trees, chestnut trees, mao bamboo, taxus chinensis and the like. As a specific example of the present invention, experiments for planting Dendrobium officinale from pine and pear trees imitating wild epiphyte trees were carried out, and the results are shown in FIG. 1.

Secondly, processing forest land before cultivation

Thinning branches: thinning the forest land of the selected site, thinning the environment, ensuring the ventilation and the light transmission (the sun shading rate is 50-70%) of the cultivation land as much as possible after thinning, and ensuring that all indexes of the cultivation land accord with the growth environment of the dendrobium officinale; and pruning the selected planting branches to eliminate dead branches, twigs, dense branches, vines and the like and reduce the infection of germs on the dendrobium officinale. Selecting a tree with a diameter larger than 10cm and a thicker bark as a tree stump, pruning lateral branches below two meters above the ground to facilitate the subsequent binding of the dendrobium officinale, finally, carrying out centralized treatment on weeds, dead branches and the like in the forest,

cleaning: after the branches are thinned, ground short shrubs, weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves are intensively treated, moss on the ground and moss and barks on trunks are not damaged as much as possible during cleaning, and the ground shrubs, the weeds and the dead branches only need to be removed by landing to avoid accumulation and rot; and the potential hazard is reduced by removing the possibly hidden pest and disease damage source.

And (3) disinfection: and (3) after the removal, using quicklime or other chemical organic pesticide reagents to disinfect the environment, brushing quicklime at a position 50cm away from the ground of the planted tree stump, and spraying one thousandth of potassium permanganate solution on the planted tree trunk to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

The sprinkling irrigation system comprises: if the environmental humidity of the area is low and irrigation spraying is needed, an irrigation system needs to be designed for installation and the like, so that the moisture and the environmental humidity for the growth of the trees on the new seedlings are ensured.

FIG. 2 shows the state of the present embodiment after the cleaning of the thinning branches of the forest land before planting and the cleaning and disinfection of the planting land.

Third, seedling and substrate selection

Seedling: the wild imitation epiphyte cultivation requirement of the dendrobium officinale is close to nature, the artificial interference is reduced, so the high-quality seedlings with strong resistance and capable of adapting to the natural environment are selected for the seedlings, the seedlings are transplanted to the dendrobium officinale seedlings growing under the facility planting greenhouse for more than one year to two years after the seedlings are trained in the seedling training greenhouse, the plants are complete and robust, and the dendrobium officinale seedlings are free of plant diseases and insect pests. Before cultivation, root is soaked in 1000 times of rooting powder solution, and plant leaves are soaked in 1000 times of mancozeb solution for 3-10s for disinfection.

Matrix: the wild-imitating epiphyte cultivation of dendrobium officinale generally uses moss or white moss as a fixed substrate, and generally, the moss is preferably one little in each cluster. The water can be kept, the water is not too much, the water absorption is too much due to excessive water moss, and the air permeability is too poor, so root rot is easily caused. Before cultivation, the moss or the white moss bought in the market is soaked and foamed, and the moss or the white moss is used in time to avoid long-time infection of plant diseases and insect pests. In this example 1, the moss or white water moss was foamed as follows: spraying water with the weight being 23-30% of that of the moss in the moss to be soaked and foamed, and then placing the moss at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 24 hours to complete soaking and foaming; the water used had dissolved 0.01% w/v sodium selenite and suspended 0.05% w/v calcium pyrophosphate (pre-ground to a particle size of less than 200 mesh and suspended in water).

Fourth, planting

Planting (i.e. planting) time: different from intensive greenhouse planting, the planting environment of the wild-imitating epiphyte under the forest can not be regulated and controlled, and measures such as artificial heat preservation and the like can not be adopted. Therefore, the planting time of the dendrobium officinale under the forest is generally 3-5 months in spring and is more suitable for 9-10 months in autumn. The optimal planting time is 3-5 months, the temperature is appropriate, the air humidity is high, and rooting of the dendrobium officinale is facilitated.

The planting method comprises the following steps: medical bandage binding is carried out on the tree stems between 60cm and 200cm (too low is greatly influenced by plant diseases and insect pests, dew in the morning and evening, and the like, and is high, so that the planting management and picking are inconvenient) above the selected live trees with the diameter of more than 10cm, a circle of medical bandage is planted on the tree trunk at an interval of about 25cm (layer distance, usually 20-30 cm can be used), and the distance between every two layers of trees is about 10-15cm (can be adjusted according to the size of seedlings).

And (3) straightening the roots of the domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings, preparing to bind, and binding the roots of the domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings with a bandage, wherein the bandage only can be used for binding the roots close to the stem base and exposing the stem base so as to facilitate germination. When binding, the root of the seedling is spread as thin as possible and is tightly attached to the trunk or branch, the root on the other side is covered by a small amount of soaked moss (namely the substrate), then a binding band is used for binding a ring, and then a nail setting gun (model 1008F, U-shaped nail shoulder width 10mm, foot length 8mm) is used for fixing, the common bandage only needs to be bound for two rings (bandage diameter 8cm), if the root is longer, the lower root can be exposed outside the bandage, and the influence is smaller. The forward binding and the backward binding can be selected according to the size of the seedling.

And (3) frequently observing the growth condition, guiding the roots to be attached to the tree trunk after 1-2 months, adding a little matrix to allow the roots to grow if the roots are not attached to the tree trunk, and finally slowly inducing all aerial roots to be attached to the tree trunk until the roots are successfully planted.

FIG. 3 is a typical example of the method of planting the bandage in imitation of wild.

Fifth, management of forest in later period

Watering: and 3, watering the leaves for three days before planting without excessive watering, and keeping the water on the leaves. After three days, spraying water according to the dryness and wetness degree of the culture medium (moss) around the root system, generally, in one to two weeks of cultivation, and spraying water 1-2 times every day if no rain exists. The water spraying operation is continued until new roots grow out.

During the management period, the moisture management is closely concerned, the environmental humidity should be kept to be about 70% in the growing season, the substrate humidity is preferably small, and the air humidity is preferably large.

If the summer is dry, spray irrigation is needed, and a water and fertilizer pool is preferably built in a suitable area in a forest under certain conditions, and a sprinkling irrigation system is distributed by using fixed or semi-fixed pipelines and dividing main channels, main channels and branch channels. In the corresponding planting area, an iron wire is pulled along the planting belt at the position higher than the highest planting position, and the sprinkling irrigation belt and the spray nozzles are uniformly arranged on the iron wire. The spraying should be carried out in the morning or evening, and should not be carried out at high temperature. In winter, when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the drying is kept to prevent frostbite, and if fungal diseases occur, the drying is also kept to avoid the expansion of fungi.

FIG. 4 is a typical example of spray irrigation used in the present embodiment imitating the wild planting method.

Fertilizing: the root systems of the orchids are symbiotic with fungi, the fungi in the root systems can also produce nutrition for plant growth even if the orchids are not fertilized, and a proper amount of fertilizer can be generally supplemented for pursuing growth speed and improving the yield and quality of dendrobium under the condition of artificial cultivation. The fertilization is mainly to spray organic fertilizer and carry out organic management; after the cultivation for 1 week, water-soluble fertilizer (flowers or monopotassium phosphate) containing various trace elements is selected and applied once in 1-2 weeks, roots of the trees are guided to grow as soon as possible according to the principle of thin fertilizer application, and foliar fertilizer can be applied once in one month.

After planting for several months, the decomposed sheep manure or the supernatant of the rape oil cake is diluted according to the proportion of 1:100 and then sprayed for use, and the farmyard organic fertilizer such as the rape oil cake, the sheep manure and the like can be used only after being fermented and decomposed.

Fertilizing three times in a growth period of one year, wherein the first early spring fertilization is carried out before the plant sprouts in 4 months; the second growth fertilizer begins to be applied in 6 months of the growth period; the third time is that the overwintering fertilizer is applied in 10 months.

Weeding: the under-forest base is in an open-air state, the weeds around the under-forest base are more, people need to be organized regularly to weed, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.

Adjusting the shading degree: the dendrobium cultivated by sticking trees has continuously increased shading degree along with the growth of the attached main plants, the excessive dense branches of the dendrobium are properly trimmed and removed in winter and spring every year, the shading degree is preferably controlled to be about 60 percent, the dendrobium is not suitable to be excessively shaded, and weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves growing among and around the dendrobium plants are removed. Maintaining its light transmittance and ventilation.

And (3) pest control: after planting, observing plant diseases and insect pests, and mainly taking insect pests and fungal diseases as much as wild cultivation, so that the principles of prevention as much as possible and physical control (light trapping, lime spreading and disinfection and the like) are carried out as much as possible, and the pesticide is used as little as possible.

The main pests of the dendrobium officinale mainly comprise snails, slugs, scale insects, whiteflies, red spiders and the like, and the diseases mainly comprise bacterial soft rot, black spot, anthracnose, rust disease, sooty mould, southern blight and the like. The control methods are as follows (these methods are also conventional pest control methods for forest economic crops):

(1) snail and slug

Hazard symptoms: bite new leaves, new buds, new roots, flowers and the like of the dendrobium officinale.

The control method comprises the following steps: the weeds around are regularly cleared, and the surrounding is kept clean; the flashlight is held by hands at night for inspection, and is manually killed; lime is spread under the tree trunk and in the place where the snail often appears for manual isolation. The granular molluscicides such as Guandao and Midao are used for trapping and killing in the evening.

(2) Scale insects

Hazard symptoms: the dendrobium nutrition-absorbing tea mainly comprises langli oyster geckos, coffee keshikake and the like, is generally easy to occur in places with extensive management and places with poor ventilation and insufficient sunlight, and mainly parasitizes on dendrobium leaves and leaf sheaths to absorb the nutrition of dendrobium by a piercing-sucking mouth organ. Has adverse effect on the growth of herba Dendrobii

The control method comprises the following steps: weeding and other activities are carried out, fine management is carried out, the ventilation of a planting field is kept, and the light is transmitted to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases; insect pest plants are removed in time manually, and are treated in a centralized way, so that insect sources are reduced.

(3) Whitefly

Hazard symptoms: generally, the ventilation is liable to occur in a place where the management is rough and a place where the ventilation is poor. Usually, the clusters are parasitized on dendrobium officinale plants, and in severe cases, the whole leaves and leaf sheath stems are full of whiteflies, so that the whole plant leaves wither.

The control method comprises the following steps: weeding and other activities are carried out, fine management is carried out, the ventilation of a planting field is kept, and the light is transmitted to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases; or it has occurred that only 1000 times more liquid of the quick-release emulsion can be used for spraying treatment.

(4) Red spider

Hazard symptoms: often occurs when the temperature is high. After the sap of the damaged leaves is absorbed, a wrinkle-shaped white spot is formed, seriously damaged plants are gray, and the plants are weak.

The control method comprises the following steps: at the early stage of the hazard, the pesticide can be sprayed with a solution which is 2000 times azocyclotin and 4000 times abamectin or 1000 times 2% agrimod, and the pesticide is used alternately.

(5) Black spot disease

Hazard symptoms: when the disease is caused, black brown irregular spots appear on the leaves, the spots are yellow around the leaves and gradually spread to the leaves, and when the disease is serious, the black spots are mutually connected on the leaves to form a sheet, and finally the black spots wither and fall off. The disease usually occurs in early summer (3-5 months).

The control method comprises the following steps: spraying with a solution which can be killed or has a height of 6000 times, a solution which is thiophanate methyl 1000 times or a solution which is 50% carbendazim 1000 times for 2-3 times. Preventing and controlling its development.

(6) Rust disease

Hazard symptoms: in the early stage of the disease, discoloured round yellow spots appear on the front surface of the leaf and gradually expand, yellow or orange round and convex sporophyte appear on the back surface of the leaf in about 7 days, and finally the leaf withers and falls off.

The control method comprises the following steps: tebuconazole, difenoconazole and triazolone are continuously sprayed for 2-3 times at an interval of 5-7 days in the early stage of disease onset.

(7) Southern blight of southern blight

The control method comprises the following steps: spraying with 50% carbendazim and 70% hymexazol at early stage of onset.

(8) Soot disease

Hazard symptoms: when a disease occurs, the surface of the whole plant leaf is covered with a layer of soot black powder, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of the leaf and causes the poor plant development. The disease is mainly in the disease period of 3-5 months.

The control method comprises the following steps: spraying the mixture for 1-2 times by using 1000-time liquid of 50% carbendazim, and also using 500-time liquid of 50% ethephon sclerotium (harringin) wettable powder.

(9) Anthracnose

Hazard symptoms: the leaves of the damaged plants have dark brown or black spots, are nearly circular, and have concentric rings at the later stage. 1-5 months is the main disease period of the disease.

The control method comprises the following steps: spraying with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl solution to prevent and control infection of new strain by the disease.

Sixthly, harvesting and storing

Harvesting time: it can be harvested all the year round, but it is better to harvest the plant before germination immediately before the plant is clear in winter. During the collection, stems of dendrobium which grow for about 2 to 3 years are suitable, the dendrobium stops growing at the moment, branches and stems are solid and full, the water content is low, the drying rate is high, and the processing quality is good.

The harvesting method comprises the following steps: and (3) harvesting the plants with large size and old and new ones to facilitate the sprouting of new buds so as to be harvested continuously in the next year, shearing the plants at the position 1-2 cm away from the rhizome, and reserving two plants in each cluster as stock plants.

And (3) storage: and (5) timely removing diseased plants after collecting the fresh strips. Detecting the quality, and placing in a shade place for freeze-proof preservation for use after the quality is qualified.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for planting the dendrobium officinale by imitating the wild epiphyte tree comprises the following steps:

step 1: forest land selection and pre-planting treatment

step 2: seedling selection

and step 3: planting attached tree

and 4, step 4: post management

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the selected forest land is preferably coniferous and broadleaf, evergreen and deciduous, bare and peltry;

the selected forest land is preferably a living tree with straight or flat trunk, thick bark and multiple longitudinal and furrow lines, high moisture content, moss growing frequently and no pungent taste; and/or

The main tree species of the selected forest land are preferably pear trees, camphor trees, pine trees, chestnut trees, moso bamboos, taxus chinensis and the like.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

after the branches are thinned, the air permeability and the light transmittance of a cultivation land are ensured, and the sun shading rate is 50 to 70 percent;

when thinning branches, pruning selected branches to be planted, removing dead branches, fine branches, dense branches and vines, and reducing the infection of germs on the dendrobium officinale; and/or

When thinning branches, the side branches below two meters above the ground are pruned by selecting the tree trunk with the diameter larger than 10cm and thicker bark as the tree stump.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

after thinning the branches, carrying out centralized treatment and removal on short shrubs, weeds and dead branches in the forest;

when the short shrubs, weeds and dead branches in the forest are intensively treated and removed after the branches are thinned, the moss on the ground and the moss and bark on the tree trunks are not damaged;

the disinfection is to disinfect the environment by quicklime or other chemical organic pesticide agents after short shrubs, weeds and dead branches are removed; and/or

And the step of disinfection is to brush quicklime at a position 50cm away from the ground of a tree pile to be planted, and to spray one thousandth of potassium permanganate solution on the planted tree trunk so as to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:

before cultivation, the domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings are soaked in 1000-fold liquid of rooting powder for 3-10s, and then soaked in 1000-fold liquid of mancozeb for 3-10s for disinfection treatment; and/or

The domesticated dendrobium officinale seedlings are cultivated by imitating wild epiphyllum trees by using moss and white moss as fixed substrates.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein:

in the later management process, adjusting the shading degree of the forest; the dendrobium cultivated by sticking trees has continuously increased shading degree along with the growth of the attached main plants;

when the shading degree is adjusted, properly trimming and removing the over-dense branches in winter and spring every year to control the shading degree to be 55-650%; and/or

When adjusting the shade, the method also comprises removing weeds and dead branches and fallen leaves growing among and around the dendrobium plants so as to maintain the light transmittance and ventilation of the forest.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of harvesting Dendrobium officinale.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the harvesting of Dendrobium officinale is performed before the plant does not sprout until the plant is clear after winter.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein:

when the dendrobium officinale is collected, collecting stems of the dendrobium officinale which grow for 2-3 years; and/or

When the dendrobium officinale is collected, the dendrobium officinale is collected to be large and small, the dendrobium officinale is collected to be old and new, the dendrobium officinale is cut at a position 1-2 cm away from a rhizome, and two plants are reserved in each cluster as stock plants.

10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the moss is selected from the group consisting of moss and whitewater moss.