RU2444890C2 - Method of cultivation fruit nursery transplants with intermediate insertion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, particularly to fruit growing. In the method the first inoculation of buds of the intermediate stock is carried out at a height of 5-10 cm from the ground level, and the second from the opposite side by 3-5 cm higher than the first inoculation with buds of propagated varieties, forming intercalary insertion of a length of 25-30 cm.

EFFECT: method enables to increase significantly the output of standard planting material of apple trees with intermediate insertion on strong, clonal and seedling rootstocks, provides rapid and simultaneous entry of plants to the period of planting in the initial period of operation and provides a reliable anchor of trees in the soil without support.

4 dwg, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fruit growing, and can be used in the cultivation of grafted seedlings of apple trees and stone fruit crops to produce dwarf trees on tall (clonal and seed) stocks.

A known method of growing seedlings with an intermediate insert: in the first field of the nursery, a strong-growing stockstock is budded with a single kidney (peephole), at a height of 15-30 cm from its base, a kidney of a propagated variety is grafted (Fruit, berry crops and the technology of their cultivation. V.I. Yakushev , V.V. Shevchenko, V.A. Kochetkova and others, under the editorship of V.I. Yakushev, 2nd ed., Revision and add. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988. - P.178-179 )

The disadvantage of this method is that it takes three years to grow one-year-old seedlings.

The closest technical solution is a method of growing fruit seedlings with an insert. Double budding is carried out in one vegetation period: in early spring - by a sprouting bud and in summer - budding with the planned variety at the usual time on the shoot that has grown from the bud (at the insertion height) (Fruit growing with the basics of ornamental gardening. Yakushev VI, Shevchenko VV , 2nd ed., Revised and supplemented - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987. S. 117).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the seedlings obtained as a result of early summer budding for the budding campaign in the same year remain underdeveloped and a very small amount is suitable for reoculation with the planned variety at a height of 25-30 cm from its base, since the growth processes are partially suspended due to budding sprouting kidney.

For this reason, the yield of standard seedlings per unit area is reduced to an economically unjustified level.

EFFECT: obtaining seedlings with an intermediate insert for two years without partial suspension of growth processes and with a high yield of standard planting material per unit area.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the known method, in the first field - at a height of 5-10 cm from the soil level, budding is carried out by the eyes of the intermediate stock (Fig. 1, Item 1), and the second from the opposite side by 3- 5 cm above the first budding by the kidneys of a propagated variety (Fig. 1, pos. 2).

The method is as follows.

In August, during the budding campaign, double budding is performed on seedlings of cultivated apple trees.

The first budding is carried out by the kidneys of an intermediate stock at a height of 5-10 cm from the soil (Fig. 1, pos. 1), and the second is 3-5 cm higher than the first budding on the opposite side (Fig. 1, pos. 2) by the kidneys of a propagated variety .

In early spring, seedlings of a cultivated apple tree are cut above the upper bud of a propagated variety (Fig. 2, pos. 4), while the lower bud of an intermediate stock grows as a competitor to the varietal shoot (Fig. 2, pos. 5).

When the oculants reach a height of 40-50 cm, the oculant of the intermediate stock (Fig. 2, pos. 5) at a height of 25-30 cm from the oculation site is connected to a varietal shoot (Fig. 2, pos. 6) in the stem and is tied with a plastic film for splicing (Fig. 2, pos. 7) of two components (S. Mukhin. Creating a grafting stock as a way to cultivate a dwarf intensive garden without supports (patent No. 2220558 of January 1, 2004).

By autumn, both components are firmly fused (Fig. 3a, pos. 8), after which part of the plant is cut from the place of budding of the intermediate stock to the place where it grows with the varietal shoot (Fig. 3a, pos. 9). As a result of this technique, an intercalar insert 25-30 cm long is formed (Fig. 3b, item 10).

At the experimental site of the Mountain State Agrarian University, field experience was laid on growing apple seedlings with an intermediate insert to produce dwarf trees on strong-growing (clonal and seed) stocks. In the experiment, control was carried out on the seedlings of cultivated apple seedlings during the growing season in 2 terms: in early spring (April) - by the sprouting bud of a dwarf rootstock M9 and in summer (August) - budding on propagated varieties of apple trees Linda and Prestige on dwarf shoots grown from buds at a height inserts (table, options 1a and 2a) (Fruit growing with the basics of decorative gardening Yakushev V.I. Shevchenko V.V. 2nd ed., revised and additional - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987. P.117).

Case Studies

Example 1. On a seedling of a cultivated apple tree, double budding was performed: the first was budged by an intermediate rootstock M9 at a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface, and the second 3-5 cm above the first budded bud on the opposite side by buds of the Linda apple variety. In early spring, seedlings of a cultivated apple tree were cut above the upper bud of the propagated Linda apple variety (Fig. 2, item 4). When the oculants reach a height of 40-50 cm, they were connected to each other at a height of 25-30 cm and the junction was tightly tied with a plastic film to grow together (Fig. 2, item 7). In the autumn, after the intergrowth of the components, part of the plant was cut from the place of budding of the intermediate stock to the place of its intergrowth with the varietal shoot (Fig. 3a, pos. 9).

The influence of the above method of growing apple seedlings with an intermediate insert for 2 years on the yield of standard planting material on tall rootstocks is shown in the table.

Example 2. The same method of propagation was used as in Example 1, with the only difference being that the apple variety Prestige was taken as the breeding object. The proposed method of propagation can also be used when growing seedlings with an intermediate insert of stone fruit (apricot, cherry, plum, etc.) to obtain dwarf trees on tall (maple and seed) stocks.

№№ Experience Options Landing pattern, cm The number of ocular stocks, pcs The output of seedlings in the second year of cultivation, pcs Total of which are standard Standard seedlings yield increase Apple variety Linda one Reproduction of apple seedlings with an intermediate insert in one period of budding (in summer) 90 × 30 1500 1440 1382 305 1a Reproduction of apple seedlings with an intermediate insert in two periods of budding (in spring and summer) 90 × 30 1500 1380 1077 - Apple tree variety Prestige 2 Reproduction of apple seedlings with an intermediate insert in one period of budding (in summer) 90 × 30 1500 1425 1325 279 2a Reproduction of apple seedlings with an intermediate insert in two periods of budding (in spring and summer) 90 × 30 1500 1395 1046 -

In this case, seedlings obtained over two years according to the proposed method, in contrast to the known method, have a more developed above-ground and root systems, belong to the category of the highest grade, which is achieved by creating favorable conditions for the interaction of grafting components, ensuring continuous growth and development of oculants during throughout the growing season.

Fig. 1 One-year-old seedling of a cultivated apple tree is ocular in August

Two buds: dwarf stock M9 and scion breeding varieties

1 - kidney dwarf rootstock M9

2 - kidney scion breeding varieties

3 - annual seedling of cultivated apple

Fig. 2 Two-year-old seedling: splicing of oculants with each other at a height of 20-25 cm when they reach a length of 40-50 cm

4 - cut seedlings of cultivated apple trees above the upper bud of propagated varieties

5 - shoot of dwarf rootstock M9

6 - escape of the scion of propagated varieties

7 - junction of splicing shoots

Fig. 3 General view of a variety-rootstock combination of an apple tree with an intermediate insert of a dwarf rootstock M9 (b) after cutting part of the plant in autumn from the place of budding of the rootstock M9 to the place where two components merge (a).

8 - the place of fusion of two components (stock M9 and scion breeding varieties)

9 - cutting area of part of the plant

10 - intermediate insert stock M9

Note. Figure 1 - the first year of vegetation; Figures 2 and 3 (a) - the second year of vegetation.

Claims (1)

A method of growing fruit seedlings with an intermediate insert, characterized in that the first budding with eyes of the intermediate stock is carried out at a height of 5-10 cm from the soil level, and the second - from the opposite side 3-5 cm higher than the first budding with propagated buds forming an intercalar insert with a length 25-30 cm.

Images