RU2802586C1 - Method for obtaining early-fruiting cherry plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is a method for obtaining early-fruiting cherry plants. The method involves clonal micropropagation of cherry plants in vitro, which are adapted, grown and planted in the spring period directly to a permanent place, then in the year of planting, the plants are budded with varietal buds at a height of 80-90 cm, the following year, a 30±3 cm long shoot developed from the grafted bud is pruned and treated with preparations containing cytokinins to stimulate the awakening of the buds and the growth of shoots.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to accelerate the entry of cherry plants into fruiting in the garden.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the industrial production of cherry fruits.

There are known methods for obtaining self-rooted cherry plants using green cuttings, author Sharafutdinov X.V.:

- monograph “Cherry and sweet cherries in the garden. Obtaining own root planting material", printed in ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, p. 24;

- monograph “Cherry and sweet cherry seedlings. Effective methods for obtaining grafted plants", printed in the ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, 80-85, p.;

- methodological recommendations “Propagation of garden plants by green cuttings”, printed in the ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, p. 19;

- dissertation by Sharafutdinov X.V. for the scientific degree of Doctor of Science “Theoretical and practical substantiation of effective methods of propagation of planting material of cherries”, 2005, p. 100-114. (https://earthpapers.net/preview/151393/d#?page=1).

Obtaining cherry plants using the green cutting method has a number of disadvantages that do not allow obtaining self-rooted cherry seedlings in the required quantities:

- low reproduction rate;

- a small number of varieties suitable for propagation by green cuttings;

- entry into fruiting 5-6 years after rooting. At the same time, a limited number of varieties (about 10 varieties) can be propagated using green cuttings.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of the totality of essential features is the Method of propagation of cherries in tissue culture, author's certificate SU No. 1665986, which provides for microclonal propagation of cherry plants in vitro, their adaptation, growing, planting of the resulting regenerated plants on a substrate in non-sterile conditions.

The main disadvantage of the known solution is the long period of time for plants to enter fruiting. In addition, at present it is not profitable to plant industrial cherry plantations with plants obtained in vitro, since such cherry plants begin to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting in the garden.

From an analysis of known similar technical solutions, it was revealed that a technical problem in this area is the need to create ways to accelerate the entry into fruiting of cherry plants in the garden.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to accelerate the entry of cherry plants into fruiting.

To solve the technical problem and achieve the stated result, the method for producing cherry plants with accelerated entry into fruiting involves clonal micropropagation of plants in vitro, which are adapted, grown and planted directly in a permanent place in the spring, then in the year of planting the plants are budded using the butt method with varietal buds. Budding is carried out at a height of 80-90 cm, with the aim of subsequently forming a trunk suitable for mechanized harvesting. The shoot that develops from the grafted bud in the spring of next year, when it reaches a length of 30 ± 3 cm, is pinched and treated with preparations containing cytokinins, since in this segment of the annual shoot of the cherry there are the most formed and well-developed buds, capable of forming skeletal branches of the crown after germination after treatment .

Examples of method implementation. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region, at the Fruit Station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev.

Cherry trees of the Shokoladnitsa, Apukhtinskaya, Molodezhnaya, and Oblachinskaya varieties were used as mother plants. In July, shoots were taken from mother plants at the Fruit Station of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Apexes were isolated from these shoots and young plants were grown in vitro using generally accepted technology. Then the young plants were adapted and grown in a greenhouse using standard technology in pots (with a closed root system). Adapted plants were planted in the garden in the spring. In the year of planting in the garden, in the third ten days of July, the plants were grafted with a bud using the budding method in the butt at a height of 80-90 cm, the graft was tied with PVC film. In the control variant, no vaccination was given.

The next year, after planting the plants in the garden in the spring, everything above the grafted bud was cut off on each grafted plant and the binding was removed. Each grafted bud developed into a shoot. When the shoot reached a length of 30±5 cm, the apical bud was removed and treated with a cytokinin preparation to stimulate the awakening of the lateral buds. The length of the shoot for pruning is determined by the fact that at this length of the shoot there are the most developed buds that can develop into strong shoots suitable for crown formation.

Of the awakened shoots, four well-developed and evenly spaced shoots were left. On control ungrafted plants, a crown was formed from freely growing shoots without treatment with a cytokinin preparation.

In the third year, the grafted plants produced their first significant harvest. On control plants that were not grafted, the first fruits were obtained in the fifth year in single quantities. The results are presented in the table:

In comparison with the prototype, the proposed method allows us to solve the problem of the long entry into fruiting of cherry plants obtained by the in vitro method, and to obtain an industrial harvest in the garden in the 3rd year after planting and grafting.

Claims (1)

A method for producing early-bearing cherry plants, which involves clonal micropropagation of plants in vitro, their adaptation and growing, characterized in that the plants propagated in vitro are planted directly in a permanent place in the spring, and in the year of planting the resulting rooted plants are budded with varietal buds at a height of 80- 90 cm, the next year on each plant the shoot that has developed from the grafted bud, upon reaching a length of 30±3 cm, is pinched and treated with preparations containing cytokinins.