RU2806580C1 - Method of obtaining own-rooted cherry plants that begin to bear fruit early - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is a method of producing own-rooted cherry plants that begin to bear fruit early, the said invention relates to the field of horticulture and can be used in the industrial production of cherry fruits in orchards with accelerated entry into fruiting. The method involves planting plants obtained by clonal micropropagation (adapted and grown) into the garden, pruning the planted plants at a height of 100±5 cm and two-time treatment: the first — with drugs of the cytokinin group immediately after planting in the garden and pruning, the second — with drugs of the gibberellin group when the side shoots reach a length of 20–25 cm. The resulting seedlings begin to bear fruit in the second year after being planted in the garden.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to accelerate the entry of cherry plants into fruiting in the garden.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in industrial gardening to accelerate the entry into fruiting of cherry seedlings in industrial gardens.

There are known methods for obtaining self-rooted cherry plants using green cuttings, author Sharafutdinov X.V.:

- monograph “Cherry and sweet cherries in the garden. Obtaining own root planting material", printed in ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, p. 24;

- monograph “Cherry and sweet cherry seedlings. Effective methods for obtaining grafted plants", printed in the ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, 80-85, p.;

- methodological recommendations “Propagation of garden plants by green cuttings”, printed in the ANO Editorial Board of the MESH magazine, 2020, p. 19;

- dissertation by Sharafutdinov X.V. for the scientific degree of Doctor of Science “Theoretical and practical substantiation of effective methods of propagation of planting material of cherries”, 2005, p. 100-114. (https://earthpapers.net/preview/151393/d#?page=1).

Green cuttings as a method of propagating cherries have a number of disadvantages that limit the production of own root planting material in sufficient quantities:

- the reproduction rate of most varieties is below economic feasibility;

- the number of varieties suitable for propagation by green cuttings is limited;

- plants begin to bear fruit 5-6 years after rooting.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of the totality of essential features is the Method of propagation of cherries in tissue culture, author's certificate SU No. 1665986, which provides for microclonal propagation of cherry plants in vitro, their adaptation, growing, planting of the resulting regenerated plants on a substrate in non-sterile conditions.

The disadvantage of this known method is the long period of fruiting. The first harvest from such plants can be obtained only 5-6 years after planting in the garden. In this case, the first harvest is insignificant and grows slowly in subsequent years.

From an analysis of known similar technical solutions, it was revealed that the technical problem in this area is the need to create methods for producing cherry seedlings with an accelerated period of entering fruiting.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to reduce the period of cherry seedlings entering fruiting.

To solve this problem and achieve the stated result of accelerating the entry into fruiting of self-rooted cherry seedlings, it is planned to plant plants obtained in vitro in the garden directly in a permanent place in the spring. After planting, the cherry plants are pruned at a height of 100±5 cm and the upper 30±5 cm are treated with preparations containing cytokinins. This causes the lateral buds to awaken. As new side shoots grow up to 20-25 cm, they are treated with gibberellin preparations, since it is on this segment of the cherry shoots that the most developed buds are located, capable of developing into generative buds after treatment. At the same time, all the buds that have awakened at a height of up to 70-75 cm are scuffed to form a standard suitable for mechanized harvesting of cherry fruits. Fruiting begins next year.

Pruning at a height of 100±5 cm from the soil surface makes it possible to form a standard of 70-75 cm high on cherry plants, suitable for mechanized harvesting of fruits, as well as to form a developed crown.

The cutting and shaping parameters are set by the technical characteristics of the harvesters.

Examples of method implementation. The experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region, at the Fruit Station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev.

Cherry trees of the Kharitonovskaya, Pamyat Enikeeva, Saniya, and Juliet varieties were used as mother plants.

Reproduction, adaptation and growing of cherry plants using clonal micropropagation was carried out using generally accepted technology. The grown plants were planted in the garden in a permanent place in the spring. In the year of planting, the leader of the plants was cut off at a height of 100 ± 5 cm and the plants were treated with a preparation of the cytokinin group, which stimulated the regrowth of lateral shoots from which the crown was formed. When the side shoots grew 20-25 cm, the plants were treated with a gibberellin preparation. During the growing season, all buds that sprouted at a height of up to 70-75 cm were sniffed. In the second year, the grafted plants produced the first significant harvest.

On control plants, only sniffing was carried out at a height of up to 70-75 cm. The first fruits were obtained in the fifth year in single quantities.

The results are presented in the table:

Compared to the prototype, the proposed method makes it possible to solve the problem of cherry plants taking a long time to begin bearing fruit, and to obtain an industrial harvest in the 2nd year after planting and treatment with drugs.

Claims (1)

A method for producing self-rooted cherry plants that begin bearing fruit early, including clonal micropropagation of plants in vitro, their adaptation and growing, characterized in that in the spring the plants propagated in vitro are planted directly in a permanent place, pruned at a height of 100±5 cm and the top is treated Some of the pruned plants are treated with a cytokinin preparation; when the side shoots grow to 20-25 cm, they are treated with a gibberellin preparation, while during the growing season all the buds that have sprouted at a height of up to 70-75 cm are removed, forming a standard suitable for mechanized harvesting.