SU1033069A1 - Method of vegetation reproduction of tree plants - Google Patents

Abstract

) THE METHOD OF THE VEGETATIVE AVAILABLE, PLANT OF WOOD OF PLANTS, mainly of birch, including privyv. ku Privo on the stock and placing the lower end in the water for the period of accretion, about the fact that, in order to increase the yield of plants by increasing the survival rate of vaccinations and their preservation in subsequent years, the branches 0.5-0.7 m in length in the state of active growth, while prior to grafting on them below the site of inoculation the ringing of the bark is carried out.

Description

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The invention relates to forestry, in particular to methods for the vegetative propagation of tree plants by grafting. Artificial methods of vegetative propagation are divided into the following groups. Reproduction is not separated from the maternal growth organs and their parts; This group includes breeding by root suckers, breeding by layering, and by dividing the bushes. The variety is separated from the mother plant by organs or parts thereof, which includes reproduction by mature, shoots, and reproduction by leaf cuttings (by rooting them). . Propagation by grafting, which includes the inoculation with an eye (budding.), An imprint and an approach {interlacing. The feasibility of using each of the listed methods is determined by the biological features, age and specificity of the plant, and local conditions, reproduction productivity and economic efficiency. : For forest crops, the methods assigned to the second and third groups are the most acceptable. For example, various types of willow, aspen, etc. are easily propagated by cuttings. The main forest crops are: conifers,. Birch and alder are propagated by seed, followed by grafting of seedlings, since the shoots of these plants are rooted with great difficulty or are not rooted at all. Of the grafting methods, graft cutting is most often used. - Known method of vaccination summer green. a) cuttings on conifers, according to which the grafting is carried out by non-lumbering young shoots during the period of cessation of growth processes in the plant (second half of July - first half of August 13). However, this method is characterized by a low survival rate and safety of vaccinations, since the inoculation is done during the period low physiological activity of the plant, which affects the deterioration of the process of growing together with the stock. In addition, the underexposed graft shoots are easily damaged by winter frosts. This method is known. A method of grafting a non-sprouting cutting is carried out on fruit crops, according to which the inoculation is carried out during the period of cessation of growth processes. Summer grafts are used (green® / leafy cuttings with top apical buds. After the graft ends are grafted, the bottom end is placed into water during the growing period t2 J However, this method is ineffective for hardwood, such as, for example, various types of birch, which is a hard-to-bear plant. This is due to the fact that in hardly harvested plants, the shoots have a small amount of moisture and quickly lose it. During vaccination, when water is disrupted in the graft, the formation of new plastic substances does not occur. Therefore, callus is formed only at the expense of those plastic substances that were in the graft before the inoculation, which is insufficient and does not ensure the coalescence of the lead with the stock. In addition, according to this method, cuttings of summer billet are used, when the plant is in a state of relative rest. Therefore, the tissues are not in an active state, which in hard-to-bear plants with: leads to the fact that in the first year, only one fabric, the cambium, grows together with the rootstock. This makes privi-sensitive vivu even minor damage. In addition, all types of birch trees have very thin 1-2 year old shoots that go for the preparation of cuttings-scions that. it is difficult to make the correct graft cuts. It should also be noted that the stock of plastic substances in such cuttings is insignificant; leads to their washing out. All this leads to a low survival rate (40-50%) and low safety of vaccinations in the following year (about 50% of the surviving vaccinations). The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of plants by increasing the survival rate of vaccinations and their preservation in subsequent years. The goal is achieved by using branches 0.5–0.7 m long in the state of a research institute of active growth, and before grafting on them, below the site of inoculation, the bark ringing is performed. According to the proposed method, the graft is harvested in the form of branches or peaks of vegetative plants, including those that are in the phase of active growth of shoots, 0.5 O 7 m in size. The graft is cut from the mother plant on the day of inoculation. The inoculation is carried out without removing the leaves and the photosynthesis processes started, assimilation is continued in the grafted parts of plants on the rootstock. The ability to carry out vaccinations with freshly prepared, capable Gravity leads to a high survival rate of grafts of hard-to-grab plants. Since, due to the high activity of meristematic tissues, all the cells of the lead are rapidly and firmly joined to the surface of the sections. The strength of the accretion, in turn, ensures a high safety of the vaccination in the year following the vaccination. In this method, before joining with the stock, the scion is bent around the scion by removing the crust below the lateral longitudinal section. Spinning prevents the outflow of plastic substances, mainly carbohydrates and nitrogenous vegetation, formed in the leaves of the lower oblique slice, which is placed in water for the period of grafting of the grafted components, after supplementation of the grafted components, in addition to the supplementary water pitHH (s; in the period of accretion, it ensures the hydration of cells and tissues, which enhances the metabolic processes and contributes to the rapid formation of calydus and, therefore, ensures a strong accretion of lead with the stock. of the proposed method on the territory of an experimental plot of land. Forest Institute at the Agrobiological Station of the Karelian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, near the town of P.Troza. Vodskiy, during 19.77-198.0 g. On 70-cm wide chests, fluffy birch and silver birch trees are grown, planted according to a pattern of 20x20 cm. When they reach 3-4 years of age, they are used as rootstocks for grafting Karelian birch grafts, far Coral birch, and grafts from plus trees of birch hanging; and birch rashy. With the broom in the view of twigs or tops of vegetative plants, 50-70 cm in size ,; with a diameter; 11rbegov 6.5-1 cm. Privyvrychnye work is carried out in different periods of the growing season beginning from the end of May to the end of July and after cutting; At the bottom of the drive, the shortened ones were removed with a sewing knife. gi with leaves, thus freeing the axis of the branch from the buds and leaves of 20-25 cm in this way. Then, at a distance of 15 cm above the cut of the branch, a ring of bark 1-2 cm wide is removed and the graft prepared in this way immersed in a vessel with water. This is what the graft knife on the stock produces: D t is a side cut 7–10 cm long with a skin and a piece of wood to a depth of about 1/5 of the diameter. The same cut is made on the prepared lead axis, then the cut planes at the base and the basement are aligned so that the spacer layers coincide on one side. The vaccination site is tightly wrapped in medical supplies; During the time of inoculation work in the greenhouse, the humidity of the air is kept constant within 85-95% of the air temperature of 25-35 ° C. After one or two weeks, all the upper cheeks shoots are cut off on the basement, and after a month, remove the vessel with water and remove the lower part of the blade by oblique cut to the rootstock, and make a longitudinal incision to the adhesive plaster from the back side, the upper part is completely cut off in the spring of the next of the year. When conducting the experiment, control was. Grafts made by grafting in the form of branches or tops of vegetyuschih plants with additional water supply, but without the koltsovyvanie import. Grafts made in the form of grafts in the form of branches or tops of vegetative races Tenium with banding engraved, but without additional water feeding. Grafts made by winter cuttings from the side to the bottom. Vaccinations performed by winter cuttings with additional water supply. Grafts made with green leafy cuttings, summer loading, with additional water supply. The data of experimental verification of the method and the known technical methods are presented in the table. Analysis of the test shows that only the combined use of banding of the prio and additional water feed of the prio ensures the success of the vaccination. At the same time they are committed; the following results; birch; Karel-. Eka - survival rate on average 80%, safety of vaccinations - 94%, in the control, respectively, 36 - 60%; dalacarium birch - survival rate - 87%, vaccination safety - 96% ;; in krntrol svetstvetstve 41-56%; Birchwood a - prIrkivaemosti - 85%, security privivrk - 97%, in the control respectively 38-50%, birch fluff -. , staying on average - 85% "safety of vaccinations - 96%, in control, respectively - 38-55% and 55. As follows from experience, it can be vaccinated at any time during the vegetation period, but the best period is June . :. /; ; Grafted plants by the end of the growing season give an increase in height of 25-35 cm, and in the next two years it increases by 2-3 times. Therefore, the proposed method in the first years makes it possible to obtain large-sized plants and allows you to accelerate the crown's forgling grafted plants. The period before flowering and fruiting in such plants is reduced

2-3 times, compared with the known method.

  The proposed method makes it possible to successfully place such valuable, but hard-to-find, plant species like Karelian birch, Dalekiryysk birch and others by means of grafting, birch species and, compared to the known cnoco6oNi, increases the survival rate of vaccinations by 46%.

1.Karelsk birch

2. Birch away

3. Birch hung

4. Birch fluffy

1.Karelsk birch

2. Birch trees far away. dca

3. Birch hung

4. Birch fluffy

1.Karelsk birch

2. Birch wood cakes

3. Birch hung

4. Birch PU

vaccinations in the subsequent year of vaccination by 35%.

The proposed method can be used in forestry in creating forest seed and industrial plantations for special purposes, as well as in green building and fruit growing during reproduction of hard-to-harvest woody plants.

76 76

74

97

100, 84 84 82

97.5

100 81 82 80

98

100 79 70

76

96

29 58

68

20

32 64

27

84

30 61

22

73

31 63

80.5

25

ABOUT

Continuation of the table

90

96 79 79 71

99 83

83

77 92

99 80

75 94

80

99 82

76 92

82

73 27 54 19

70

78 30

21 70

60

83 32

71

64

23

81 33

24 71

66

Oh oh

44 22

sixteen

20

50

25

Table continuation

| 1rb long table

13

15

86

20

66

12

18

35

23 45

24

48

Continuation table

78 17

eleven

64

34

75

79 16

12

32

Claims (1)

, (57-) METHOD OF VEGETATIVE SUMMARY, LIFE OF WOOD PLANTS, mainly birch, including grafting the scion onto the stock and putting the lower end of the scion into the water for the period of fusion, the same as in order to increase yield of plants by increasing the survival rate of vaccinations and their preservation in subsequent years, branches of 0.5-0.7 m long in a state of active growth are used as scion, while ringing of the bark is carried out before vaccination on them below the site of vaccination ^