CN108834600B - Grafting method for high-grafting and seed changing of crape myrtle - Google Patents
Grafting method for high-grafting and seed changing of crape myrtle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method for high grafting and changing seeds of lagerstroemia indica, which comprises the following steps of stock breaking; ear picking; cutting the stock, namely cutting the stock into two steps, wherein in the first step, a cut is obliquely cut towards the direction of the stock surface at a position 1-5mm away from the stock surface, the included angle between the extension line of the stock surface and the oblique cut surface is 45-60 degrees, and the depth is preferably slightly with xylem; the second step is that a cutter is arranged at the center of the oblique cutting part of the anvil surface, and the lower part with a little xylem is vertically cut by 2-3 cm; cutting the scions; embedding scions; binding and bagging, etc. by adopting the grafting method, the survival rate of crape myrtle top grafting is improved from about 70 percent to more than 95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grafting method, in particular to a grafting method for high grafting and changing of crape myrtle.
Background
At present, the high grafting and seed changing method of crape myrtle is mainly grafting. The grafting is to graft a branch with a plurality of buds or a bud on a stock, namely to graft the branch scion of a plant. Generally, the top grafting and head changing of big trees, the supplement grafting of bud grafting and the thick rootstock are all commonly carried out by a scion grafting method. The grafting method is various, and the following methods are commonly used in production.
Cleft grafting: the method is commonly used for grafting the thick rootstock before, and is also commonly used for grafting the small rootstock in nursery lands at present. Its advantages are firm combination after grafting, long grafting time, large wound and slow healing.
Cutting and connecting: the method is suitable for grafting when the diameter of the stock is 1-2 cm, and is a common grafting method for nursery gardens in spring. Is suitable for most woody flowers and trees such as arbors, shrubs and the like.
Carrying out abdominal connection: the method is a grafting method without cutting off rootstocks, and has high survival rate. The stock can be cut off when seedlings are grown and the variety is changed, and the stock can not be cut off when the cuttings are supplemented.
Subcutaneous abdominal grafting: the method is suitable for large stocks, does not need to cut off the stocks like the abdominal grafting, is commonly used for filling gaps in cuttings and increasing inner-cavity branches.
Inserting a skin joint: the grafting is also called subcutaneous grafting, is a method widely applied in grafting, and has simple, convenient and rapid operation and higher survival rate. The method is carried out when the rootstock sprouts and the cortex can be peeled off. Is suitable for grafting stocks with thicker stocks and thinner scions, also commonly uses the tree species which are difficult to survive, and the support is tied in time after survival of the grafting.
Inserting the skin and tongue connecting: the grafting with the skin is also called subcutaneous grafting, which is a grafting method with higher survival rate in grafting. This method should be performed when the rootstock sprouts and the cortex stays in place to be peeled off. The advantages are large cambium contact surface, easy healing and fast growth, and is commonly used for the tree species which are difficult to survive by grafting.
Tongue joint: the method is also called double-tongue grafting and butt joint, is used for rootstocks, has approximate scion thickness and is difficult to graft into survivable tree species such as grapes, walnuts, Chinese chestnuts and the like, and has extremely high survival rate because the contact surface between the rootstocks and the scion cambium is quite large.
Lapping: the scion and the stock are cut into the cut surfaces with the same plane and are mutually attached, the thickness of the scion is preferably the same as that of the stock, cambiums on two sides can be aligned, and the survival rate is improved. When the thicknesses of the rootstock and the scion are different, cambium layers on one side are required to be aligned, the scion cannot be placed in the center of the cutting surface of the rootstock, and cambium layers on the two sides cannot be aligned, so that survival is influenced. Generally, the lapped bevel is longer, and the contact surface between the scion and the stock is large, so that the survival of grafting is facilitated.
Abutting connection: the characteristic of the method is that the stock and the scion have their own root systems in the grafting process, do not separate from the parent, and are respectively broken off only after survival. The inarching is usually carried out in the growing season, specifically, branch inarching, seedling inarching, root inarching and the like are commonly used in production.
The crape myrtle grafted by the method has general grafting survival rate, can achieve expected effect, and even if the crape myrtle is grafted by skilled workers, the survival rate is only about 70 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a grafting method for crape myrtle with high survival rate after top grafting and changing.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a grafting method for high grafting and changing of crape myrtle comprises the following steps:
(1) breaking anvil
Selecting strong and uniformly distributed main branches as rootstocks on a crape myrtle tree with strong growth vigor, and sawing off the main branches 8-15cm away from a trunk by using saws;
(2) ear plucker
Collecting robust annual branches with plump scion buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and moderate diameter of 0.5-1.5cm as scions;
(3) stock cutting
Cutting the stock in two steps, wherein in the first step, the stock is obliquely cut in the direction from the position 1-5mm away from the surface of the stock to the surface of the stock, the included angle between the extension line of the surface of the stock and the oblique cutting surface is 45-60 degrees, and the depth is preferably slightly xylem; the second step is that a cutter is arranged at the center of the oblique cutting part of the anvil surface, and the lower part with a little xylem is vertically cut by 2-3 cm;
(4) cutting and grafting ear
The side surface of the part below 0.5-1.0cm away from the scion bud is slightly provided with a xylem and is downwards beveled by 2.5-3.0cm to form a long bevel surface, the back surface of the long bevel surface is beveled by 0.5-1.0cm away from the lower scion surface to form a short bevel surface, and then the part above the scion bud is beveled by 0.3-0.7cm to be cut off;
(5) scarf grafting scion
Embedding the cut scions into the cut rootstocks, wherein the long cut surfaces of the scions are inwards aligned with and tightly attached to the cambium of the rootstocks;
(6) binding of
Firstly, tightly binding the embedded stock and the scion from the periphery by using a grafting film, then flatly winding and wrapping the stock surface, then winding and binding the stock surface and the scion joint part, finally winding the grafting film to the incision on the upper part of the scion, wrapping and tightly tying, and exposing bud eyes;
(7) bag cover
And (5) bagging the bound rootstocks and scions.
The time for high grafting and changing of crape myrtle is from 2 late ten days to 3 months.
3-8 main branch stocks are selected and reserved for each lagerstroemia indica according to the requirements of attractive appearance and rapid forming.
The minimum diameter of the main branch stock is matched with the diameter of the grafted scion.
Grafting crape myrtle scions with different colors on the same stock.
Grafting crape myrtle scions of different varieties on the same stock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the rootstock is cut, 1 knife is added compared with the common grafting method, namely, a first knife is obliquely cut upwards 3mm away from the rootstock surface to cut an anvil inclined surface, so that a grafter can easily observe a cambium of the rootstock from the anvil inclined surface, the grafter can cut a second knife from a joint of a xylem and a phloem, the cambium cut out of the rootstock can be maximized, the maximized cambium of the rootstock is aligned with the cambium of the scion, and the survival rate of the scion is greatly improved.
Because the stock and the scion are provided with the combining part with a gentle stock inclined plane, when the stock and the scion are bound by the grafting film, the grafting film on the two sides of the scion cannot wrinkle, the bound stock and the scion can be combined more closely, and the survival rate of the scion is also favorably improved.
After multiple times of grafting tests, the method is used for high grafting and changing of crape myrtle, under the same conditions, the crape myrtle is grafted by a master worker with the same proficiency, and the survival rate is improved to more than 95% from about 70%.
Detailed Description
1. Stock selection and stock cutting treatment:
selecting strong and uniformly distributed main branches as rootstocks on a crape myrtle tree with strong growth vigor, and sawing off the main branches 8-15cm away from a trunk by using saws, preferably, sawing off the smooth and straight parts of barks at the main branches 10cm away from the trunk, wherein the rootstocks are flat and smooth. The tree vigor of the selected rootstock should have sufficient vigor, and there is no special requirement for the age, and the rootstock can be annual or perennial. If the fruit trees are poor and the vigor is not good enough, the weak trees need to be rejuvenated in the first year of grafting. The quantity and distribution of the branches selected and reserved as the rootstocks are determined according to the distribution condition of the main branches of each tree and the requirement of modeling, and in a word, the requirement of attractive modeling and rapid prototyping can be met. Less can be selected to leave 1-3 branches, more can be selected to leave 8-10 branches, even more, and the specific difference depends on the tree and the tree vigor. The minimum diameter of the rootstock is the same as the size of the scion, and the maximum value is not limited. Two scions can be grafted when the diameter of the main branch exceeds 2cm, and the two scions can be of the same variety and the same flower color, the same variety and different flower colors, the different varieties and the same flower color or the different flower colors of the different varieties and the like, so that people can see different crape myrtle flowers on the same tree, and the ornamental value is greatly increased.
2. Selection and moisturizing treatment of ear strips
And selecting healthy and healthy annual branches with no diseases and insect pests and moderate thickness as scions. Each ear has a length of about 45-65cm and 15-25 buds, and the thickness of about 0.5-1.5cm, too thick and too thin is not good. Too thick is inconvenient for grafting and too thin is not easy to survive. Such a strip can be cut into 7-12 scions.
The ear strips are preferably picked and connected at any time. If the food is transported and stored, the user must pay attention to moisture preservation. The moisturizing method comprises the following steps: the ear strips are wrapped lightly by wet cloth, covered with a layer of wet blanket, and covered with a film. After the ear strips are transported back, the ear strips are stored in a room with shade and high humidity, so that the ear strips are prevented from being dehydrated, and the survival rate is reduced.
Chopping anvil
The part to be grafted is wiped clean by dry cloth, and then the stock is cut. Cutting the stock in two steps, wherein in the first step, the stock is obliquely cut in the direction from the position 1-5mm away from the surface of the stock to the surface of the stock, the included angle between the extension line of the surface of the stock and the oblique cutting surface is 45-60 degrees, and the depth is preferably slightly xylem; the second step is to cut the wood part downwards by 2-3cm from the center of the oblique cutting part of the anvil surface.
Preferably, the first knife is beveled towards the anvil surface at a distance of 3mm from the anvil surface, and the second knife is a 3cm vertical downward cut from a 1mm xylem on the median strip of the beveled anvil surface.
3. Cutting and grafting ear
The lateral surface of the part below 0.5-1.0cm away from the scion bud is slightly provided with a xylem and is downwards obliquely cut for 2.5-3.0cm to form a long cut surface, the back surface of the long cut surface is obliquely cut for 0.5-1.0cm away from the lower scion surface to form a short cut surface, the included angle between the short inclined surface and the vertical surface of the scion is 70-80 degrees, the end of the scion is cut into a flat wedge shape, then the scion is obliquely cut at the position 0.3-0.7cm above the scion bud, preferably the part 0.5cm above the scion bud is obliquely cut, and the included angle between the oblique cut surface and the vertical surface of the scion is 10-20 degrees.
Preferably, the long shaved surface is slightly chamfered 3.0cm downward with xylem at the side surface below 0.7cm from the scion bud.
The short bevel is preferably beveled by 0.8 cm.
4. Scarf grafting scion
The cut scions are embedded into the cut rootstocks, the long cutting surfaces are inwards attached to the cambium of the rootstocks, and the cambium of the rootstocks are aligned and attached to the cambium of the rootstocks, which is a key point. If the rootstock is thick, 2-4 scions can be grafted on one rootstock.
5. Binding and bagging
Firstly, vertically cut anvil skins are attached to the embedded scions, the stocks and the scions are tightly bound from the outside by green film strips, a plurality of circles of packages can be wound for tightening, then the cut anvil packages are tightly wound, a plurality of circles of binding knots are wound at the joints of the stocks and the scions, and finally the green films are wound to the cuts on the upper portions of the scions for wrapping and tightening.
During binding, cambiums of the rootstock and the scion are aligned, the joints cannot be displaced, all incisions are tightly wrapped, the buds cannot be wrapped, and the buds do not need to be injured.
After binding, the bag is covered and the rubber band is tied. When the bag is sleeved, the bag is required to be bulged so as not to contact with the buds, and the buds are prevented from being burnt after the temperature rises. The purpose of bagging is to keep the humidity in the bag, prevent the scion from dehydrating, and also play a role in heat preservation and disease and insect prevention.
6. Post-grafting management
(1) Bag dismantling: the grafting shoots out new buds 15-20 days, the long buds are 3cm, and the short buds are nearly 1cm, which indicates that the grafting survives. At this point, the cap should be removed to avoid affecting sprout growth.
(2) Sprout removal: the sprouts usually grow faster than the grafted sprouts, so that the sprouts can not be affected until the sprout strips are removed in time.
(3) Insect prevention: when the temperature rises in 4 months, mites and the like begin to be active, and the pesticide needs to be sprayed in time to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. The medicament can be mixed and sprayed by 3000 times of quick-kill pyridaben 2000-fold liquid and 3000 times of 4500 times of imidacloprid 10% wettable powder.
(4) Unbinding: the grafted film is removed in time after the grafting survives.
(5) And (3) livestock prevention: prevent the domestic animals from damaging the live cions when entering the garden.
Crape myrtle top grafting and changing test
In order to explore a method for improving the survival rate of crape myrtle stump top grafting and seed changing, a crape myrtle top grafting and seed changing test is carried out in a nursery land of the national institute of forestry and science in Yongzhou city in 8 days and 9 days in cloudy days in 3 months in 2017. The specific case is briefly described as follows.
General description of the test site
The experimental land is set in the scientific research institute of forestry in Yongzhou city, the altitude is 130-135m, the north latitude is 26 degrees 21', the annual rainfall is 1425.5mm, the annual average temperature is 17.8 ℃, the gradient is 16-30 degrees, the PH value is 6.2, the soil category is red soil, and the soil layer depth is as follows: over 80 cm.
Test materials and methods
2.1 test materials
2.1.1 test scion and rootstock
The spike strips selected in the test are 3 varieties of safflower red leaves, red fireballs and red rocket.
The stock for grafting is wild crape myrtle cultivated in a nursery land for 3 years, the diameter of a trunk breast is 8-10cm, the diameter of a branch for grafting is 2-5cm, and the row spacing multiplied by the plant spacing is 2m multiplied by 2 m.
2.1.2 grafting tools
The grafting tool mainly comprises the following components:
(1) grafting knife: is sharp and smooth.
(2) Green film: cutting into strips with width of 3-3.5cm and length of 20-35 cm.
(3) Sawing: the saw is required to be light and sharp, and the rootstock can be conveniently sawed.
(4) Pruning shears are used to shear smaller branches.
(5) Bag for holding ear strips: a thick cloth bag with the width of 30cm and the length of about 90 cm.
(6) Rubber band: is to be firmer and used for binding the sleeve bag.
(7) Bagging: the specification is 12cm multiplied by 18cm, thin and high-transparency plastic film bags.
Design of experiments
The test adopts a completely random block group design, 3 treatments of different varieties, different grafting methods, different grafting workers and the like are respectively set, each treatment is set with different levels, and the grafting survival rates of the treatments in different levels are compared.
2.2.1 test varieties
3 varieties of the safflower red leaves, the red fireballs, the red rockets and the like are selected in the test.
2.2.2 grafting workers
The grafting workers include A, B and C3 skilled grafting workers.
2.2.3 grafting method
Grafting tests were performed using the following 4 methods.
(1) The grafting method 1: when the grafting method is used for cutting the rootstock, 1 knife is added compared with the common grafting method, namely, a first knife is obliquely cut upwards 3mm away from the rootstock surface, and an anvil inclined surface is cut; the second step is to cut the wood part downwards by 2-3cm from the center of the oblique cutting part of the anvil surface.
(2) The grafting method 2: the only difference from the grafting method 1 is that the stock is directly vertically cut for 2-3cm from the surface of the stock with a little xylem without cutting a first knife.
(3) The grafting method 3: the difference from the grafting method 1 is that when the rootstock is cut, a first knife is not cut, and a second knife is vertically cut from about 1/4 parts of the xylem side of the anvil surface by a knife to form a straight cut.
(4) The grafting method 4: the difference from the grafting method 1 is that when the rootstock is cut, a first knife is not cut, and a second knife is vertically cut from the middle of the xylem of the rootstock by a knife to form a straight cut.
Each grafting worker grafts 30 buds of 3 different varieties of crape myrtle on the rootstock by using 4 different grafting methods respectively, and the grafting is repeated for 4 times. The influence of different varieties, different grafting methods and different grafting workers on the grafting survival rate is respectively compared.
Investigation and measurement method
And (4) carrying out per-bud investigation on the grafted buds, counting the number of grafted survival buds, and calculating the grafting survival rate.
Data analysis method
Visual analysis is carried out on the survey data, variance analysis is carried out to determine whether the difference between the levels is obvious, and multiple comparison analysis is carried out to determine whether the difference between every two levels is obvious.
Results and analysis
3.1 investigation of survival rate of grafting
The grafting survival rate was investigated and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table for investigation of grafting survival rate
The average survival rates of the grafting workers and the different varieties are respectively calculated according to the table 1, and the specific conditions are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical table of average survival rate of different grafting workers and different varieties
3.2 analysis of the finding results
3.2.1 visual analysis
As can be seen from Table 1, the average survival rate of the grafting is the highest by adopting the method 1 and reaches 96.30 percent; secondly, grafting by adopting the method 2, wherein the survival rate is 83.80 percent; the survival rate of the grafting is relatively low and is below 70% by adopting the method 3 and the method 4.
As can be seen from Table 2, the grafting survival rates of 3 different varieties are not very different, the lowest one is a red fireball, the average survival rate is 78.82%, the average grafting survival rates of the red leaves of the red flowers and the red rocket are both 78.96%, and the difference between the grafting survival rates of the red leaves of the red flowers and the red rocket is only 0.14%; the grafting survival rate of 3 different grafting workers is not very different, the highest is C, the average grafting survival rate is 79.03%, the lowest is A, the average grafting survival rate is 78.82%, and the difference between the two is only 0.21%.
Analysis of variance
To exclude the influence of random factors, analysis of variance was performed on the test results, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 ANOVA TABLE
As can be seen from Table 3, different grafting methods have a very significant effect on the survival rate of grafting, and the difference between different workers and different varieties is not significant.
Multiple comparative analysis
Because different grafting methods have extremely obvious influence on the grafting survival rate, in order to compare whether the difference between every two different grafting methods is obvious, multiple comparison analysis is carried out on the investigation result.
As can be seen from table 4, the mean square in the group S =1.26, and the corresponding degree of freedom
The number of groups is 4, and the risk rates of a =0.01 and a =0.05 are respectively obtained by looking up a q table: q. q.s0.01(4,12) =5.50 and q0.05(4,12) =4.20, so D = q0.01(4,12)×=5.50×0.56=3.08，D= q0.05(4,12)×=4.20×0.56=2.35。
The grafting survival rates of different grafting methods were arranged in order from the largest to the smallest of the average values and compared with D =3.08 and D =2.35 one by one, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 multiple comparison analysis table of grafting survival rate under different grafting methods
From table 4, it can be calculated that the difference between the grafting method 3 and the grafting method 4 is not significant, and the difference between the grafting methods is very significant.
Conclusion
4.1 the skilled grafting workers adopt different grafting methods to perform high grafting and changing of the crape myrtle, and the difference of the grafting survival rate has great influence. In the test, the average grafting survival rate of the grafting method 1 is very high and is over 95 percent, so that the grafting method is worthy of popularization and application in production practice.
4.2 the proficiency of the grafting workers also has a great influence on the grafting survival rate, so that the cultivation of the skilled grafting workers is very important.
4.3 the reinforced management after grafting is beneficial to the formation of the grafted and survived lagerstroemia indica as soon as possible.
In order to further verify the effect of the grafting method, in 2018, 19-21 months, crape myrtle in a nursery land is subjected to top grafting and seed changing by using the grafting method, 28 crape myrtle plants are counted in 34 rows and 28 crape myrtle plants in each row, and 952 plants are counted. 8-10 buds are grafted on each plant, 8748 buds are grafted on each plant, the data of grafted survival buds is 8425, the average grafting survival rate is 96.31%, and therefore the crape myrtle top grafting and seed changing method has an obvious effect. The statistics of the specific conditions of crape myrtle top grafting and seed changing are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 statistics table for survival rate of top-grafting and changing of lagerstroemia indica
Claims (6)
1. A grafting method for high grafting and changing of crape myrtle comprises the following steps:
(1) breaking anvil
Selecting strong and uniformly distributed main branches as rootstocks on a crape myrtle tree with strong growth vigor, and sawing off the main branches 8-15cm away from a trunk by using saws;
(2) ear plucker
Collecting robust annual branches with plump scion buds, no plant diseases and insect pests and moderate diameter of 0.5-1.5cm as scions;
(3) stock cutting
Cutting the stock in two steps, wherein in the first step, the stock is obliquely cut in the direction from the position 1-5mm away from the surface of the stock to the surface of the stock, the included angle between the extension line of the surface of the stock and the oblique cutting surface is 45-60 degrees, and the depth is preferably slightly xylem; the second step is that a cutter is arranged at the center of the oblique cutting part of the anvil surface, and the lower part with a little xylem is vertically cut by 2-3 cm;
(4) cutting and grafting ear
Slightly beveling the side surface with a xylem at the position 0.5-1.0cm below the scion bud downwards to 2.5-3.0cm to form a long bevel, and beveling the back surface of the long bevel at the position 0.5-1.0cm away from the lower scion surface to form a short bevel, wherein the included angle between the short bevel and the vertical surface of the scion is 70-80 degrees; then obliquely cutting off the scion bud at a position 0.3-0.7cm away from the upper part of the scion bud, wherein the included angle between an oblique cutting surface and the vertical surface of the scion is 10-20 degrees;
(5) scarf grafting scion
Embedding the cut scions into the cut rootstocks, wherein the long cut surfaces of the scions are inwards aligned with and tightly attached to the cambium of the rootstocks;
(6) binding of
Firstly, tightly binding the embedded stock and the scion from the periphery by using a grafting film, then flatly winding and wrapping the stock surface, then winding and binding the stock surface and the scion joint part, finally winding the grafting film to the incision on the upper part of the scion, wrapping and tightly tying, and exposing bud eyes;
(7) bag cover
And (5) bagging the bound rootstocks and scions.
2. The grafting method for high grafting of lagerstroemia indica according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the time for high-grafting and seed-changing of the crape myrtle is from 2 late ten days to 3 months.
3. The grafting method for high grafting of lagerstroemia indica according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 3-8 main branch stocks are selected and reserved for each lagerstroemia indica according to the requirements of attractive appearance and rapid forming.
4. The grafting method for high grafting of lagerstroemia indica according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the minimum diameter of the main branch is matched with the diameter of the grafted scion.
5. The grafting method for high grafting of lagerstroemia indica according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: grafting crape myrtle scions with different colors on the same stock.
6. The grafting method for high grafting of lagerstroemia indica according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: grafting crape myrtle scions of different varieties on the same stock.
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