CN102405773B

CN102405773B - Technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut

Info

Publication number: CN102405773B
Application number: CN201110236874.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈光华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-18
Filing date: 2011-08-18
Publication date: 2014-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-18
Also published as: CN102405773A

Abstract

The invention discloses a technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut, which comprises: cutting the fracture of a wild walnut or wingnut stock to form an inclined face (1); cutting off 3 to 5 centimeters of skin (2) of the upper end of the higher side of the inclined face (1) to form a 'V' shape (9); cutting off skin (5) in the direction of a bud on a cion branch; peeling the pulp skin layer (3) of the 'V' shape (9) of the stock to separate the pulp skin layer (3) from xylem (4); inserting the inclined plane (6) of a cion from top down while keeping the cion tightly adhering to the xylem (4) of the stock inward; sleeving the whole saw bite on the stock from the joint of the stock and the cion by using an agricultural mulching film; exposing cion branch; and fastening tightly. When the grafting technique is adopted, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and by using wild resources, the grafting survival rate is increased and fruiting is early.

Description

A kind of technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fruit-tree grafting technology, kind of a graft technology is changed in especially a kind of improvement of Wild hickory.

Background technology

Wild hickory is perennial shrub, is mainly distributed in mountain area and knob.Growth time is between 50-80, and trunk is upright, and tree crown is relatively short and small, and well developed root system distributes dark and wide.Normal and other shrub is assorted raw, and spacing in the rows is intensive, growing ability and adaptable.But its kernel is less, kernel percent less than 10%, takes out whole kernel difficulty, therefore now low to Wild hickory resource utilization.

In grafting process, due to a variety of causes of walnut kind and graft technology itself, there will be stock and scion healing ability low, cause graft survival rate low.In addition, the bleeding sap removing in time that stock and scion cross section produce can make wound contact-making surface go rotten and affect the survival rate of grafting.

In grafting process, also can affect because of the degree of tightness of film bondage the survival rate of grafting.

China disclosure of the invention specification CN101103681 discloses a kind of grafting technology for inserting walnut scion into stock cortex, comprise that scion is simultaneously whittled into horse ear shape tangent plane, on stock, select level and smooth one side, with grafting knife vertical partial application from suitable for reading, deeply reach xylem, the scion of cutting is inserted from top to bottom between the cortex and layer of wood of stock, again in each the horizontal partial application of scion tangent plane tail end, then the stock cortex between upper lower cut is chosen, tighter with plastic film bondage wrapping from scion tail end to top.This graft technology has solved the problem that bleeding sap is removed in time, but how to strengthen the healing ability between stock and scion and utilize not explanation on natural resources.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of simple to operate, and cost is low, utilizes Wild hickory resource or numb willow, improves graft survival rate, result technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut early.

The graft technology that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above, comprising: selecting Wild hickory or numb willow is stock.Selecting Wild hickory or the numb willow of self-sow is stock, and grafting on the spot utilizes the characteristic of Wild hickory or numb willow, and kind is changed in improvement, and protects original natural vegetation, reduces arable land consumption.

The present invention also comprises: stock fracture is whittled into inclined-plane (1), the one side upper end that inclined-plane (1) the is high long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font (9), scionwood is pruned to the crust of bud side (5), push stock " V " font (9) meat cortex (3) aside, make meat cortex (3) separated with xylem (4), again by scion inclined-plane (6) the inside xylem (4) near stock, insert from top to down, make stock meat cortex (3) hard-pressed bale hold layer of wood and the meat layer of scionwood, increase stock and scion and hinder the cambial contact area of face, thereby strengthen the healing ability of stock and scion, improve graft survival rate, from 10%, be increased to 70%.

Stock forms layer (3) and is naturally holding scionwood, the auxiliary fixedly position of scionwood, and in minimizing bondage thin-film process, human factor makes the impact of film degree of tightness.

As improvement of the present invention: have the bleeding guiding gutter (8) of " U " shape in the upper end of the short one side in stock inclined-plane (1), allow stock and scion hinder the bleeding sap that face produces and naturally ooze out, avoid the infection of stock and scion wound, improve graft survival rate.

In addition, the present invention select stalwartness, grow vigorous, without the Wild hickory of the above age of tree in damage by disease and insect and 3 years, be stock.

The present invention also selects water content high, and bud is full, and the marrow heart is little, and degree of lignification is high, robust growth, and high yield, stable yields, without damage by disease and insect, precocity fruiting, the walnut of 2 years above age of trees is scion seeds.Scionwood can be selected No. 1 ，Gong mountain complex of kind the Liao Dynasty's core, and Yanyuan is complex early, 2 years raw vegetative shoot of Xinfeng complex.After the stock that selection vitality is strong and scion grafting, form new walnut plant, can shorten the result cycle, First Year grafting survival, Second Year result is benefited, and after grafting, 3-5 enters the achievement phase.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation:

Fig. 1 is stock side view of the present invention

Fig. 2 is scionwood side view of the present invention

Fig. 3 is that in the present invention, scionwood inserts the side view in stock

Embodiment

scion is selected: according to region and the difference of adopting fringe, grafting time, mainly select best in quality, robust growth, high yield, stable yields, without damage by disease and insect, the tree that adapts to breeding spot working condition, be scion-seed tree.Kind is adopted in main choosing No. 1 ，Gong mountain complex of distant core, and Yanyuan is complex early, and the spring ending of the perennial vegetative shoot of the high-quality complexs such as Xinfeng complex or 2 years above age of trees is divided.Branch is healthy and strong, growth is enriched, the heart is less, machinery-free is hindered and frostbite, has 1-2 fringe bud.

gather scion: be typically chosen in January December to next year scion-seed tree and carry out when resting state.

Gathering scion can be with hand shears or averruncator, and clip will be put down.After shearing, with paraffin, seal scion two ends in time, prevent water loss.

The method of sealing with wax: be mixed and heated to 95-105C with paraffin and the beeswax of 10:2, by one of scion bar, in wax liquid, dip in (time is in 1 second) rapidly, then scionwood other end is also dipped in wax liquid (time is in 1 second), make the surface of whole piece scion bar all enclose equably the wax liquid of thin layer.Then the completely cooling scionwood of sealing with wax is collected to storage

scion is deposited: adopt basket or the carton of good permeability, the river sand of 2:1 is mixed thoroughly to send out with the sawdust powder of having sterilized and wet, and the layering of scion branch is placed, and the mixture of river sand and sawdust powder is below every layer of scion branch.Seasoning environment is shady and cool moist, below temperature 4C, and humidity 80-90%.Pot life is within one month.

stock is selected: healthy and strong, grow vigorous, without damage by disease and insect, the wild tree on the spot of 3 years above age of trees.Remove weeds and the Za Shu of stock periphery.

grafting: the grafting time 4-5 month

Stock top is sawn into angle, then with sharp grafting knife, scabbles the surface of angle.(the 1 high one side upper end long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font on stock inclined-plane, two cuttves are longitudinally drawn with grafting knife in upper end in the short one side in stock inclined-plane (1), horizontal partial application reaches layer of wood (4) again, tears the bleeding guiding gutter (8) that bark is " U " shape off.

Scionwood back of the body bud side is whittled into a large inclined-plane (6), and inclined-plane (6) are the same with " V " font (9) length on stock, and 3-5cm is smooth smooth, and inclined-plane (6) area surpasses medulla (7).Prune gently again to the crust (5) of bud side.

With grafting knife, push stock " V " font (9) meat cortex (3) aside, make meat cortex (3) separated with xylem (4), by scionwood inclined-plane (6) the inside xylem (4) near stock, insert from top to down, till staying top, scionwood inclined-plane (6) crust a bit, make stock meat cortex (3) hold scionwood.

With than the large agricultural mulching of stock saw kerf area, from stock and the full stock saw kerf of scionwood interface cover, while agricultural mulching tears hole and exposes scionwood, then in the pitch of the laps wrapping around of stock saw kerf, " V " font (9) interface surface of stock and scionwood is all wrapped, " U " word bleeding guiding gutter (8) bottom 1-2cm of the short one side in stock inclined-plane (1) exposes, then wraps up scion skill with the agricultural mulching that elongates drawing-down, and fringe bud exposes.

management after grafting: about 20 days after grafting, easily sprout a large amount of young shoots on stock, affect sprouting and the growth of bud on scionwood, need to remove.The bud of removing on stock is erased from rudiment root, and within 1 year, bud picking is 3-4 time.

When the bud of scionwood grows to 20cm left and right formation shoot, with dry branch, it is carried out to a rod binding.Meanwhile, the plastic sheeting for farm use gradation of wrapping up when the grafting is unclamped and removed.

When shoot grows to 30cm left and right, cut top.Be beneficial to stock and scion and hinder face consolidation, shoot is healthy and strong, and prevents that shoot from being broken by wind.

In addition, also to check and control damage by disease and insect, generally adopt artificial control and medicament to carry out integrated control.

Claims

1. a technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut, comprises the following steps:

1. scion is selected: according to region and the difference of adopting fringe, grafting time, select scion-seed tree; Scion seeds are that water content is high, and bud is full, and the marrow heart is little, and degree of lignification is high, robust growth, and high yield, stable yields, without damage by disease and insect, precocity fruiting, the walnut of 2 years above age of trees;

2. gather scion: select scion-seed tree to carry out, hand shears or averruncator, seal scion two ends with paraffin after shearing in time, prevents water loss when resting state; Acquisition time is in January December to next year;

3. scion seasoning: adopt basket or the carton of good permeability, the layering of scion branch is placed, seasoning environment is shady and cool moist; Seasoning temperature is below 4 ℃, humidity 80-90%, and the pot life is within one month;

4. stock is selected: select healthy and strong, grow vigorous, without the tree of damage by disease and insect and 3 years above age of trees, be stock;

5. grafting: stock top saw kerf, scionwood back of the body bud side is whittled into a large inclined-plane (6), scionwood inclined-plane (6) is inserted to stock pork skin layer (3) from top to down, then use agricultural mulching bondage tight, the grafting time 4-5 month;

6. the management after grafting: remove the rudiment on stock, shoot bondage, cuts off shoot top and the extermination of disease and insect pest;

It is characterized in that: selecting Wild hickory is stock, stock fracture is whittled into inclined-plane (1), the one side upper end that inclined-plane (1) the is high long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font (9), scionwood is pruned to the crust of bud side (5), with grafting knife, push stock " V " font meat cortex (3) aside, make meat cortex (3) separated with xylem (4), scionwood inclined-plane (6), inwardly near the xylem (4) of stock, are inserted from top to down; The bleeding guiding gutter (8) that has " U " shape in the upper end of the short one side in stock inclined-plane (1); With agricultural mulching, from stock and scionwood interface, overlap full stock saw kerf again, expose scionwood, tighten.

2. technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: can select numb willow is stock.

3. technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: scionwood is to select No. 1 ，Gong mountain complex of kind the Liao Dynasty's core, and Yanyuan is complex early, 2 years raw vegetative shoot of Xinfeng complex.