CN113141895A - Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage - Google Patents
Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141895A CN113141895A CN202110408759.3A CN202110408759A CN113141895A CN 113141895 A CN113141895 A CN 113141895A CN 202110408759 A CN202110408759 A CN 202110408759A CN 113141895 A CN113141895 A CN 113141895A
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- scion
- drainage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree grafting technology, in particular to a walnut soaking grafting method. A method for grafting a walnut with moisture retention and drainage comprises the steps of cutting a stock to be dry, cutting a fracture into an inclined plane, marking a notch on a stock cortex, and cutting a walnut scion to form a steep slope and a gentle slope; inserting the scions into the notches of the stocks for jointing, arranging at least two drainage rods between the two scions, wherein the top heights of the drainage rods are between the fracture height of the stocks and the top height of the scions; binding the junction of the scion and the stock and the drainage stick by using a plastic film, exposing the top ends of the scion and the drainage stick, penetrating a plastic bag through the top end of the scion, covering the top end of the drainage stick, and sealing the opening of the plastic bag and the top end of the scion by using the plastic film to finish grafting. And after grafting, continuously checking whether water is accumulated in the grafting joint, adopting a water discharging measure, completing the grafting work by one-time operation, avoiding water discharging preparation before grafting and subsequent management after grafting, and having simple and convenient method and high scion survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree grafting technology, in particular to a walnut soaking grafting method.
Background
The soaked walnut (Juglans sigillata Dode) is an important nut and woody oil economic tree species suitable for planting areas in the southwest, and the walnut kernel has multiple functions of invigorating stomach, enriching blood, moistening lung, tonifying kidney, nourishing brain and the like, and is a good tonic.
In the planting and grafting process of the juglans sigillata, due to various reasons of the juglans sigillata variety and the grafting technology, the healing capacity of the stock and the scion is low, or bleeding sap generated by the sections of the stock and the scion cannot be removed in time, so that the contact surface of a wound is mildewed and rotted, and the survival rate of grafting is influenced. In addition, the grafting survival rate can be influenced by the binding tightness of the film and the like in the grafting process. There is therefore a need for improvements in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a walnut soaking grafting technology which is simple to operate, low in cost, capable of improving the grafting survival rate and early in fruiting.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a walnut grafting method for moisturizing and draining comprises the following steps:
1) cutting the rootstock to be dry and cutting the fracture into an inclined plane, scribing two longitudinal cuts on the cortex of the rootstock, and opening the phloem between the two cuts to form a first notch, and manufacturing a second notch at the opposite position of the first notch by the same method;
2) cutting a steep slope surface at the lower end of the walnut scion, and cutting a slow slope surface on the back surface of the steep slope surface;
3) inserting the scion prepared in the step 2) into a first notch of the stock for jointing, enabling the steep slope of the scion to face the phloem of the stock, enabling the top point of the steep slope to be flush with the upper end of the notch of the stock, enabling the gentle slope of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, exposing the white of 0.3-0.5 cm, and jointing the other scion to a second notch by the same method;
4) at least two drainage rods are arranged between the two scions in the step 3), and the top heights of the drainage rods are positioned between the height of the cut of the stock and the height of the top of the scion;
5) binding the junction of the scion and the stock and the drainage stick by using a plastic film, exposing the top ends of the scion and the drainage stick, penetrating a plastic bag through the top end of the scion, covering the top end of the drainage stick, and sealing the opening of the plastic bag and the top end of the scion by using the plastic film to complete grafting.
Preferably, the rootstock is juglans sigillata.
Preferably, the rootstock in the step 1) is cut at a position 1-1.5 meters away from the ground, the inclined plane is an inclined plane of 45-50 degrees, the lengths of the two longitudinal cuts are 2-4cm and 4-6cm respectively, and the transverse distance of the two longitudinal cuts is consistent with the width of the scion.
Preferably, the rootstock in the step 1) also comprises a step of cutting the bast in an inclined annular manner at a position 0.4-0.5 m away from the ground to discharge water to the tree body before trunk cutting.
Preferably, the length of the scion in the step 2) is 10-12 cm.
Preferably, a steep slope is cut at a position 2-4cm away from the lower end of the walnut scion in the step 2), a slow slope is cut at a position 2.3-4.5 cm away from the lower end of the scion on the back of the steep slope, the core of the steep slope is exposed, and the core of the slow slope is not exposed.
Preferably, the step 3) of jointing further comprises the step of immersing the scion in an indoleacetic acid solution.
Preferably, in the step 4), the number of the drainage rods is 4, the length of the drainage rods is 8-15 cm, and at least three inclined planes are cut at the top ends of the drainage rods.
Preferably, each scion in the step 4) is attached to at least one drainage stick.
The method cuts the phloem of the stock before the scion is cut off to discharge water, so that the condition that the junction of the scion and the stock is soaked by the bleeding liquid contained in the stock is avoided, the scion cannot survive, the fracture of the stock is cut into an inclined plane, the bleeding liquid cannot be gathered subsequently, the grafting junction is easy to heal, and the survival of the scion is facilitated. By adopting the method, the grafting operation can be completed by one operation without continuously checking whether the grafting joint is accumulated with water or not after grafting and adopting a water drainage measure like the traditional method, so that the water drainage preparation before grafting, the accumulated water check after grafting, the subsequent management of water drainage after grafting and the like are avoided, the method is simple and convenient, and the scion survival rate is up to more than 98%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first or second notch of a rootstock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of scion cutting, wherein the left view is a steep slope and the right view is a gentle slope;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of the scion steep slope and the stock notch;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of the scion gentle slope and the rootstock notch;
FIG. 5 shows the placement of the drainage stick and the first binding effect;
fig. 6 shows the final binding effect of grafting.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope of the examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, various modifications may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure, and such equivalent variations are within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
A method for grafting juglans sigillata dunn by mulching film type covering, moisturizing and draining comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Guangxi local juglans sigillata with robustness, vigorous growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and tree age of more than three years as the rootstock, and removing weeds at the periphery of the rootstock. The method comprises the following steps of 1, cutting off the stock at a position 0.4 m away from the ground according to an oblique annular cut to drain the tree body, cutting off the stock at a position 1 m away from the ground, cutting a fracture into a 45-degree inclined plane, flattening the surface to enable the inclined plane to be smooth, cutting two longitudinal cuts on the stock cortex, wherein the two longitudinal cuts are 2cm and 4cm in length respectively, the transverse distance of the two longitudinal cuts is consistent with the width of a scion to be grafted, the bast between the two cuts is picked to form a first notch, and a second notch is formed at the opposite position of the first notch by the same method;
2) selecting a one-year vegetative branch of a 5-year-old, robust, disease-free, insect-free, mechanical-damage-free and 1.5-centimeter thick walnut-steeping tree with 2 full inter-growing leaf buds on the crown at the middle upper part as a scion, cutting the scion to a length of 10cm, cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, specifically cutting a steep slope surface at a position 2 centimeters away from the lower end of the walnut-steeping scion to expose the medulla, cutting a gentle slope surface at the back of the steep slope surface and at a position 2.3 centimeters away from the lower end of the scion to ensure that the medulla is not exposed; dipping the cut scions in 1.25mg/L indoleacetic acid solution;
3) inserting the scion prepared in the step 2) into a first notch of the stock for jointing, enabling the steep slope of the scion to face the phloem of the stock, enabling the top of the steep slope to be flush with the upper end of the notch of the stock, enabling the gentle slope of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, exposing 0.3 cm of white, and jointing the other scion to a second notch according to the same method;
4) arranging two drainage rods with the length of 8 cm between the two scions in the step 3), cutting three inclined planes at the top ends of the drainage rods, wherein the top end height of each drainage rod is located between the height of the cut of the stock and the height of the top end of each scion, and ensuring that each scion is attached to one drainage rod;
5) the plastic bag is covered and sleeved on the scion and the drainage stick, the plastic bag is broken at the top end of the scion, the plastic bag covers the top end of the drainage stick, the plastic bag is sealed at the opening of the plastic bag in a winding mode, the two scion tops of the sealing covers continue to be wound upwards, then the plastic bag is wound downwards and tied back, and the grafting can be completed by winding the plastic bag.
Example 2
A method for grafting juglans sigillata dunn by mulching film type covering, moisturizing and draining comprises the following steps:
1) selecting strong, vigorous, disease and insect pest-free, Guangxi local juglans sigillata with the age of more than three years as the stock, and removing weeds around the stock. The method comprises the following steps of 1, cutting off the stock at a position 0.45 m away from the ground according to an oblique annular cut to drain the tree body, cutting off the stock at a position 1.3 m away from the ground, cutting a fracture into a slope of 46 degrees, flattening the surface to enable the slope to be smooth, cutting two longitudinal cuts on the stock cortex, wherein the lengths of the two longitudinal cuts are 3cm and 5cm respectively, the transverse distance of the two longitudinal cuts is consistent with the width of a scion to be grafted, picking up the bast between the two cuts to form a first notch, and manufacturing a second notch at the opposite position of the first notch by the same method;
2) selecting a one-year vegetative branch of a 5-year-old, robust, disease-free, insect-free, mechanical-damage-free and 1.5-centimeter thick walnut-steeping tree with 2 full inter-growing leaf buds on the crown at the middle upper part as a scion, cutting the scion to the length of 11cm, cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, specifically cutting a steep slope surface at a position 3 centimeters away from the lower end of the walnut-steeping scion to expose the medulla, cutting a gentle slope surface at the back of the steep slope surface and at a position 3.4 centimeters away from the lower end of the scion to ensure that the medulla is not exposed; dipping the cut scions in 1.25mg/L indoleacetic acid solution;
3) inserting the scion prepared in the step 2) into a first notch of the stock for jointing, enabling the steep slope of the scion to face the phloem of the stock, enabling the top of the steep slope to be flush with the upper end of the notch of the stock, enabling the gentle slope of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, exposing 0.4 cm of white, and jointing the other scion to a second notch according to the same method;
4) arranging four drainage rods with the length of 10cm between the two scions in the step 3), cutting four inclined planes at the top ends of the drainage rods, wherein the top end height of each drainage rod is located between the height of the cut of the stock and the height of the top end of each scion, and ensuring that each scion is attached to one drainage rod;
5) the plastic bag is covered and sleeved on the scion and the drainage stick, the plastic bag is broken at the top end of the scion, the plastic bag covers the top end of the drainage stick, the plastic bag is sealed at the opening of the plastic bag in a winding mode, the two scion tops of the sealing covers continue to be wound upwards, then the plastic bag is wound downwards and tied back, and the grafting can be completed by winding the plastic bag.
Example 3
A method for grafting juglans sigillata dunn by mulching film type covering, moisturizing and draining comprises the following steps:
1) selecting strong, vigorous, disease and insect pest-free, Guangxi local juglans sigillata with the age of more than three years as the stock, and removing weeds around the stock. The method comprises the following steps of 1, cutting off the stock at a position 0.5 m away from the ground according to an oblique annular cut to drain the tree body, cutting off the stock at a position 1.5 m away from the ground, cutting a fracture into a 50-degree inclined plane, flattening the surface to enable the inclined plane to be smooth, cutting two longitudinal cuts on the stock cortex, wherein the lengths of the two longitudinal cuts are 4cm and 6cm respectively, the transverse distance of the two longitudinal cuts is consistent with the width of a scion to be grafted, picking up the bast between the two cuts to form a first notch, and manufacturing a second notch at the opposite position of the first notch by the same method;
2) selecting a one-year vegetative branch of a 5-year-old, robust, disease-free, insect-free, mechanical-damage-free and 1.5-centimeter-thick middle-upper crown of a walnut soaking tree with 2 full inter-growing leaf buds as a scion, cutting the scion to 12cm in length, cutting the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape, specifically cutting a steep slope surface at a position 4 centimeters away from the lower end of the walnut soaking scion to expose a medulla, cutting a gentle slope surface at the back of the steep slope surface and at a position 4.5 centimeters away from the lower end of the scion to ensure that the medulla is not exposed; dipping the cut scions in 1.25mg/L indoleacetic acid solution;
3) inserting the scion prepared in the step 2) into a first notch of the stock for jointing, enabling the steep slope of the scion to face the phloem of the stock, enabling the top of the steep slope to be flush with the upper end of the notch of the stock, enabling the gentle slope of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, exposing 0.5 cm of white, and jointing the other scion to a second notch according to the same method;
4) arranging six drainage rods with the length of 15 cm between the two scions in the step 3), cutting five inclined planes at the top ends of the drainage rods, wherein the top end height of each drainage rod is between the height of the cut of the stock and the height of the top end of each scion, and ensuring that each scion is attached to the two drainage rods;
5) the plastic bag is covered and sleeved on the scion and the drainage stick, the plastic bag is broken at the top end of the scion, the plastic bag covers the top end of the drainage stick, the plastic bag is sealed at the opening of the plastic bag in a winding mode, the two scion tops of the sealing covers continue to be wound upwards, then the plastic bag is wound downwards and tied back, and the grafting can be completed by winding the plastic bag.
Claims (9)
1. A walnut grafting method for moisturizing and draining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting the rootstock to be dry and cutting the fracture into an inclined plane, scribing two longitudinal cuts on the cortex of the rootstock, and opening the phloem between the two cuts to form a first notch, and manufacturing a second notch at the opposite position of the first notch by the same method;
2) cutting a steep slope surface at the lower end of the walnut scion, and cutting a slow slope surface on the back surface of the steep slope surface;
3) inserting the scion prepared in the step 2) into a first notch of the stock for jointing, enabling the steep slope of the scion to face the phloem of the stock, enabling the top point of the steep slope to be flush with the upper end of the notch of the stock, enabling the gentle slope of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, exposing the white of 0.3-0.5 cm, and jointing the other scion to a second notch by the same method;
4) at least two drainage rods are arranged between the two scions in the step 3), and the top heights of the drainage rods are positioned between the height of the cut of the stock and the height of the top of the scion;
5) binding the junction of the scion and the stock and the drainage stick by using a plastic film, exposing the top ends of the scion and the drainage stick, penetrating a plastic bag through the top end of the scion, covering the top end of the drainage stick, and sealing the opening of the plastic bag and the top end of the scion by using the plastic film to complete grafting.
2. The walnut grafting method for moisturizing and draining according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock is a juglans sigillata.
3. The grafting method of the walnut with the moisture retention and the water drainage functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rootstock in the step 1) is cut at a position 1-1.5 meters away from the ground, the inclined plane is an inclined plane of 45-50 degrees, the lengths of the two longitudinal cuts are 2-4cm and 4-6cm respectively, and the transverse distance of the two longitudinal cuts is consistent with the width of the scion.
4. The grafting method of juglans sigillata with moisture retention and drainage functions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step 1) of cutting the rootstock before stem cutting further comprises the step of tearing the bast of the rootstock at a position 0.4 to 0.5 meters away from the ground in an oblique annular manner to drain water to the tree body.
5. The grafting method of the juglans sigillata for moisturizing and draining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the scion in step 2) is 10-12 cm.
6. The grafting method of walnut sprouts for moisturizing and draining according to claim 5, wherein steep slopes are cut at a distance of 2-4cm from the lower ends of the walnut sprouts in step 2), gentle slopes are cut at a position 2.3-4.5 cm from the lower ends of the walnut sprouts on the back of the steep slopes, the core of the steep slopes is exposed, and the core of the gentle slopes is not exposed.
7. The grafting method of the juglans sigillata capable of preserving moisture and draining water according to claim 1, wherein the step of dipping the scion in an indoleacetic acid solution is further included before the step of 3) jointing.
8. The grafting method of the walnut soaked in the moisture-preserving and water-draining manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the number of the drainage sticks is 4, the length of each drainage stick is 8-15 cm, and at least three inclined planes are cut at the top end of each drainage stick.
9. The grafting method of juglans sigillata for moisturizing and draining according to claim 8, wherein each scion in step 4) is attached to at least one drainage stick.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115176611A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Wax sealing method for Chinese honeylocust fruit scion |
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CN115176611A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Wax sealing method for Chinese honeylocust fruit scion |
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