CN106613364A - Walnut tree grafting method - Google Patents
Walnut tree grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613364A CN106613364A CN201610894777.6A CN201610894777A CN106613364A CN 106613364 A CN106613364 A CN 106613364A CN 201610894777 A CN201610894777 A CN 201610894777A CN 106613364 A CN106613364 A CN 106613364A
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- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- scion
- walnut
- stock
- otch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and provides a walnut tree grafting method. The method comprises the steps that the bottom of a scion is cut to be shaped like an inverted-L-shaped nail and then subjected to cuttage grafting on a gap of xylem and phloem of a stock, and grafting is conducted on a walnut tree. The walnut tree which is grafted through the method has the advantages of being small in grafting incision, short in grafting time, firm in combination of the scion and the stock, not likely to be blown off by wind and high in preserving rate of next year, using few materials for grafting and the like, the problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that a grafting wound of the walnut stock is big, the grafting survival rate is low, and the walnut tree obtained after grafting is conducted through a bud grafting method is likely to be frozen and cannot pass the winter are solved, for the walnut tree grafted through the method, the grafting survival rate and the preserving rate are both higher than 95%, and the preserving rate is 10%-20% higher than that of other branch grafting methods; meanwhile, by adopting plastic film wrapping, the survival situation is easy to observe, and the phenomena of a scion constriction mark, a wound and the like caused by long-time tying are not likely to appear.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, in particular to a kind of engrafting method of walnut.
Background technology
Walnut, is juglandaceae plant also known as English walnut, Qiang peach, with almond, cashew nut, fibert and referred to as world-renowned " four is big
Dry fruit ".Walnut kernel contains abundant nutrient, has " long live ", " Longevity ", the good reputation of " treasured of health ", per hectogram walnut
Benevolence contains 15～20 grams of protein, 60～70 grams of fat, wherein 86% fat is unrighted acid, 10 grams of carbohydrate,
And containing the various trace elements such as calcium needed by human, phosphorus, iron and mineral matter, and various dimension lifes such as carrotene, riboflavin
Element, meanwhile, Traditional Chinese Medicine is thought, walnut is sweet, warm in nature, enters kidney, lung and large intestine channel, with kidney tonifying, the strong waist of controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, warm lung Dingchuan
And the effect for relaxing bowel.Therefore, walnut is one of deep nut based food liked by common people, and often to eat walnut is to health
It is highly beneficial.
But, the cultivation of walnut is limited by traditional cultivation means and technical conditions, and in history walnut is with the late real core that grows directly from seeds
Based on Peach cultivars cultivation, 95%, in mountain area plantation, is distributed in Gou Po nonirrigated farmlands more, these seedling trees, and wide in variety, random, colony mixes,
Larger goes up a century into tree.This late real walnut growth adaptability that grows directly from seeds is very strong, but generally requires 8～15 after transplanting
Or so year just can yield positive results, of poor benefits, take effect late, yield poorly, among the people to be commonly called as " walnut grandfather plants tree grandson and eats ".
In recent years the understanding with people to walnut nutritious value, walnut price more and more higher, are badly in need of a large amount of high-quality in production
The Walnut Cultivars of stable yields, into the improved seeds nursery stock that improved seeds and culturing and planting are grafted are most existing seedling tree reconfiguration
Well most fast approach.However, walnut grafting by bleeding and tanning matter due to being affected, grafting difficulty is big, and technical requirements are high.Together
When, larger for the age of tree, higher walnut grafting of growing directly from seeds changes excellent, such as reconfiguration failure, and walnut tree vigo(u)r can be caused to subtract in several years
It is weak or thus dead.Therefore, walnut grafting is a most active field in country's walnut scientific research at present, is also that walnut high-quality is planted
A main difficult technical in training.Using the Walnut Cultivars nursery stock of engrafting and cultivating, knot typically early than the walnut of cultivation of growing directly from seeds
Really 5～7 years, and it is best in quality, and yield is high, and the good characteristic of walnut improved seeds being capable of stable delivery.
In prior art, traditional Trees of Walnut reconfiguration method is to amputate more than graft union on suitable height first
Trunk or side shoot, then in summer, to walnut, then the branch of pumping carries out bud and connects or spray scion grafting, more using summer budding,
The methods such as the double whip grafts of green branch double whip graft, spring budding or stiff wood are general many, to scion is gathered at the beginning of 3 months, then to be store by the end of February
Hide, before and after the germination of Second Year spring grafting is carried out, but these engrafting methods are respectively provided with certain defect, such as and bud meets the one of pumping
Year life grafting Ramulus Juglandis occur draining and dead probability is larger；Stiff wood or the double whip grafts of spray, blow when blowing hard from graft union
Disconnected probability is larger, while rot easily occurs in wound, tree vigo(u)r easily weakens, or even last withered death；Meanwhile, by bleeding and
The impact of tannin, overall survival rate is relatively low.
Therefore research and exploration are a kind of by advanced age, a high position, low yield walnut short-term grafting guarantee high-survival rate, high preservation
Rate, is trained the walnut of high yield, meanwhile, can be good at adapting to Xinjiang of China area day and night temperature greatly after walnut grafting,
There is extreme low temperature in winter, and spring end such as blows hard at the extreme climate environment, can directly pass the winter, and anti-strong wind, graft stock wound is little, transfers
The high walnut engrafting method of motility rate is connected into, to developing China's industry of planting forest or fruit tress production and improving the economic benefit tool of walnut Planting household
It is of great significance.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of engrafting method of walnut, described engrafting method has graft survival rate
Height, walnut stock is difficult because wound is larger and dead after grafting, meanwhile, grafting time is short, grafting material is few, easily observe rudiment
Situation and the advantages of bearing fruit cycle is short is entered, be normally applied just to be bloomed then after this method grafting and bear fruit, but for safety
With the premise for preserving tree vigo(u)r grafting tree can be allowed from the second annual bearing, it is so more stable.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions：
A kind of engrafting method of walnut, methods described comprises the steps：
Step one, preparation grafting scion：The scion of 10～25cm length, scion grafting will be cut into as the walnut branch of scion
It is front that 0.5～4h is soaked in water；
Step 2, preparation walnut stock：By walnut stock transversely cutting, tangent plane is the inclined-plane of 0～5 ° of gradient；
Step 3, cutting scion：The bottom of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, otch
In 5～14cm, otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like is shorter in length than the scion of otch upper end to the length of upper end scion
1～3cm of length；
Step 4, carry out grafting：Otch is cut in the skin zone of the walnut stock described in step 2, kerf width is with scion
Diameter is defined or smaller, and xylem and the bast gap of stock are subsequently pried open along otch, and bottom described in step 3 is cut
Scion into " Γ " type is plugged on otch, carries out grafting；
Wrap up after step 5, grafting：Sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface and scion.
In the present invention, in above-mentioned steps two the walnut stock of indication preferably adopt the walnut stock of " two high is low ", i.e. advanced age,
High-order, low-producing walnut.
In the present invention, the Ramulus Juglandis strip adoption high yield of indication, 1～2 year raw branch of high-quality Walnut Cultivars in above-mentioned steps one
Bar.
Present invention employs by bottom for " Γ " type nail-like walnut graft be plugged on the xylem of walnut stock with it is tough
Engrafting method on the gap of skin zone, solves the easy death because walnut stock grafting wound is larger in prior art, causes
Graft survival rate is low and carries out after scion grafting grafting grafting walnut using budding method and easily receives freeze injury, it is impossible to the problem passed the winter.
This method realizes high graft survival rate, and grafting otch is little, it is firm be difficult to be blown by strong wind, walnut stock is difficult because hindering after grafting
Mouth is larger and dead, meanwhile, have the advantages that engrafting method is simple, the used time is short, grafting material few, additionally, using this grafting
Method carries out the walnut of grafting and is also easy to observe the rudiment situation of scion.
Further, scion is deposited in ice cell after can gathering described in above-mentioned steps one, the temperature control of the ice cell
System at 0～5 DEG C, the ice cube layer of one layer of 40～50cm is arranged at ice cell bottom, on ice sheet cover 10～30cm of a layer thickness by reed,
The plant fiber layer of straw, Mai Ganzi or corn pole one of which composition, the ice sheet thicker ice cell storage scion time is longer,
The storage life of general scion is 3～5 months.
Further, 0.5～4h need to be soaked described in above-mentioned steps one before scion grafting in water.
Preferably, to from the soak time of the walnut branch in water of tree top cutting edge grafting being directly 0.5～1h.
Preferably, soak time of the scion for storing to ice cell in water is 2～4h.
Further, the tangent plane of walnut stock described in above-mentioned steps two is the inclined-plane of 0～5 ° of gradient, and reason is so may be used
So that bleeding hydrops can be extruded at any time, it is to avoid bleeding concentrates on grafting part and causes interface to a face water conservancy diversion with little nail opening
Rot.
In the present invention, the tangent plane of above-mentioned walnut stock is that gradient is unsuitable excessive, and reason is that the too big cross section area in inclined-plane is relatively put down
Face is big, and grafting wound is difficult healing.
Preferably, diameter is 1～5 ° in the gradient of the walnut stock tangent plane of more than 10cm, walnut anvil of the diameter less than 10cm
The gradient of wood can be 0 °, and such as bleeding is more serious can also retain certain gradient.
Further, before grafting in 3 days through the Hetaoyuan that broad irrigation or soil moisture are larger, but must grafting, that
30min carries out crosscutting preparation tangent plane to walnut stock before grafting, and to reduce bleeding graft union is accumulated in a large number, improves walnut
Graft survival rate.
Further, walnut stock described in above-mentioned steps two is the healthy and strong walnut with more than the 3 years age of trees.
Preferably, in more than 5cm, bark thickness showed is in more than 3mm for walnut stock grafting face transverse diameter described in above-mentioned steps two.
Further, during the cutting of above-mentioned steps three scion, it is preferable that scabble scion two bottom sides, and will connect
The back side of 1～2cm of fringe bottom is splayed to xylem, to increase the contact surface between scion and walnut stock cortex, while the bottom back of the body
Scion bottom after the cutting of face is sharp nail-like, makes scion easily insert grafting interface, while scion insertion graft union
It is difficult to crack cortex when subcutaneous, so that the combination of walnut stock and scion is more firm.
Further, above-mentioned steps four are carried out before grafting, and the saw kerf of walnut stock saw kerf face, especially grafting part is used
Knife is scabbled.
Preferably, during above-mentioned steps four cut otch in the skin zone of walnut stock, first scion is directed at into anvil
Wooden grafting part marks the developed width of insertion grafting part, subsequently starts down to hurt 2～5cm along stock grafting punctuate,
Complete to cut scalloping process.
Preferably, cannot water within 5-7 days after walnut stock grafting, while broad irrigation is never not available for before grafting,
Not so bleeding is serious.
Further, the grafting described in above-mentioned steps four is preferred with closely close, after scion grafting knife mark, walnut anvil
The otch of wood is preferably slightly less than the width of scion, and both combinations is more tight after such scion insertion.
Preferably, the grafting part in above-mentioned steps four is in the middle of the both sides on walnut stock inclined-plane, to be sure not scion grafting
Highest point or lowest point to gradient tangent plane.
Preferably, above-mentioned walnut stock grafting face transverse diameter can be existed in 5～10cm with 1～2 scion of grafting, grafting face transverse diameter
More than 10cm presses the 3-8 scion of appropriate grafting of grafting face size, and scion is evenly distributed on tangent plane.
Further, the bud number that grafting scion described in above-mentioned steps two retains is 1～4.
Preferably, the bud number that above-mentioned scion retains is 2, entirely mixes bud.
In the present invention, what is retained in grafting scion is full mixing bud, and bud number 1～4 can, it is preferable that removes all
Male flower bud, is so conducive to improving graft survival rate and storage rate, cultivates tree-like.
Further, engrafting method described in above-mentioned steps three also including the grafting height of walnut stock, grafting condition and
The selection of grafting tool.
Further, the grafting height of above-mentioned walnut stock is 15cm～400cm.
In the present invention, the grafting height of the walnut stock is typical but non-limiting to be：15cm、30cm、50cm、
80cm, 100cm, 120cm, 150cm, 180cm, 200cm, 300cm or 400cm.
Preferably, the grafting height of above-mentioned walnut stock be 50～300cm, it is too short and small or it is too high be difficult to be managed,
But adopting said method can carry out grafting.
Further, above-mentioned grafting condition includes that environment temperature is 15～25 DEG C, on grafting time, the 3 annual last ten-days period
At the beginning of～5 months can grafting, but preferably select be at 8 points one morning～10 points and at dusk 17 points～19 when or
Whole day grafting work can be carried out when cloudy.
In the present invention, the environment temperature of above-mentioned walnut grafting is typical but non-limiting to be：15℃、18℃、20℃、22
DEG C, 24 DEG C or 25 DEG C.
Further, above-mentioned grafting tool includes grafting knife and plastic sheeting.
Preferably, above-mentioned grafting tool carries out in advance sterilization processing before grafting.
Further, the engrafting method of walnut of the present invention, specifically includes following steps：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The scion of 10-～25cm length will be cut into as the walnut branch of scion, before scion grafting
0.5～4h is soaked in water；
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：Walnut stock is carried out between the height of 15cm～400cm crosscutting, tangent plane
For 0～5 ° of inclined-plane of gradient；
(3), scion is cut：The bottom of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, on otch
The length of termination fringe is in 5～14cm, the length for being shorter in length than the scion of otch upper end of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like
1～3cm of degree；
(4), grafting is carried out：Otch cuts in skin zone in the top of the walnut stock described in step (1), on the stock
Kerf width is defined or smaller by the diameter of scion, subsequently pries open the xylem of stock with the gap of bast along otch, will
On the xylem of scion insertion graft stock and the gap of bast；
(5), wrap up after grafting：With the plastic sheeting that thickness is 0.008～0.02mm by insert scion grafting interface and
Scion carries out sealing wrapping.
Preferably, the skin zone on the top of above-mentioned steps (4) center Peach rootstock cuts scalloping width and is slightly less than the straight of scion
Footpath.
Preferably, the thickness of grafting interface plastic sheeting is 0.015mm in above-mentioned steps (5).
Preferably, the thickness of grafting scion upper end plastic sheeting is 0.008mm in above-mentioned steps (5).
Preferably, the thickness of grafting scion lower end plastic sheeting is 0.015mm in above-mentioned steps (5).
Preferably, stock grafting interface plastic sheeting wraps up 2～4 layers in above-mentioned steps (5), and top scion wraps up 1 layer.
Preferably, after stock grafting interface is with plastic sheeting wrapping in above-mentioned steps (5), tangent plane is carried out with mud or newspaper
Parcel, the preventing and treating sun directly shines, and such grafting interface easily forms callus, accelerates tangent plane healing.
Further, if bleeding is more serious after grafting, there is ponding in wound, can be at trunk from the ground 30～50cm
30～40 ° of inclined-planes hurt stock, and scarfing width control system is within 5mm.
Preferably, it is that the bleeding intensity for reducing graft union stays a drawing water branch below the graft union of walnut stock, draws water branch
Axillary bud under axil is cut off with knife or is damaged.
Further, both machinable, into grafting after the nail-like of " Γ " type, also may be used for scion bottom described in above-mentioned steps (3)
Grafting is carried out to be directly whittled in inclined-plane reeve bark.
Further, before grafting of the present invention stock both sides then should with knife gently cut out rough surface face, be so more easy to
Find out the section of xylem and bast.
Further, scion is survived from being grafted onto, and generally requires the time of 7～10 days or so.This stage management is to pass
Important, daily observation bleeding ponding finds that aperture extrusion ponding can be opened, it is ensured that the survival rate of grafting tree.
Preferably, plastic sheeting is removed within 10～15 days after walnut grafting survival, grafting tangent plane application consolidant is painted, powder
Wound dressing is promoted Callus formation and healing to improve the storage rate of grafting walnut by 1 hour newspaper after brush.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention employs by bottom for the nail-like walnut graft of " Γ " type be plugged on the xylem of walnut stock with
Engrafting method on the gap of skin zone, the method grafting otch is little, and the tight ness rating that scion is combined with walnut stock is high, solves existing
Have easy to be dead because walnut stock grafting wound is larger in technology, cause the problem that graft survival rate is low, entered using this method
The walnut graft survival rate of row grafting and storage rate are above 95%.
(2) engrafting method of the present invention is carried out after grafting, and walnut exposure wound very little outside, wound can quickly heal
Close, can be good at adapting to Xinjiang of China area day and night temperature greatly, night is easier to form the climatic environment of late frost and extreme low temperature,
It is difficult by freeze injury, grafting strain can pass the winter safely, solves in prior art and be difficult to grasp using double whip graft method graft technologies,
Take a lot of work, the time is long, grafting part is shaky, and double whip grafts prepare easily in one's hands with knife wound during scion, bast is split during grafting
Split, strong wind blows, the scion healing back side is the problems such as easily there is lopsided protrusion, additionally, carrying out being transferred after grafting using double whip graft methods
Connect walnut and easily receive freeze injury, it is impossible to the problem passed the winter.
(3) present invention is provided engrafting method is simple, quick, graft material is few, meanwhile, transferred using this engrafting method
The walnut for connecing is also easy to observe the rudiment situation of scion.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described.
Fig. 1：For schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention center Peach rootstock after crosscutting；
Fig. 2：The schematic diagram of the nail-like of " Γ " type is cut into for grafting scion bottom in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3：For the schematic diagram for scabbling scion lower end both sides in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4：For the back side of 1～2cm of scion lower end is splayed to the schematic diagram of xylem in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5：For scion grafting to be entered the xylem of stock and the signal in bast gap in one embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 6：30～40 degree of inclined-planes cut at walnut stock trunk from the ground 30～50cm in one embodiment of the present invention
Hinder the schematic diagram of stock；
Fig. 7：The schematic diagram for being wrapped up the grafting interface of insertion scion and scion in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8：For the walnut schematic diagram after grafting in grafting operation in one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9：For the engrafting method schematic diagram that walnut bud in comparative example of the present invention 1 connects；
Figure 10：For the engrafting method schematic diagram that walnut in comparative example of the present invention 2 inserts skin whip graft.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of engrafting method of walnut, first, selects grafting advanced age, a high position, low-producing core
Peach stock, stock beveling cut-out is stand-by；Meanwhile, it is selected as the high yield of grafting scion, 1～2 year of high-quality Walnut Cultivars
Raw branch, by its bottom the nail-like of " Γ " type is cut into；Subsequently, otch is cut on above-mentioned walnut stock, is connect above-mentioned
Fringe is plugged on the gap of the xylem of stock and bast, carries out grafting；Finally, sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface, is entered
Row grafting management.The walnut carried out after grafting using said method has that grafting otch is little, the grafting used time is short, grafting material
The advantages of few, solve the easy death because walnut stock grafting wound is larger in prior art, cause graft survival rate low with
And using double whip graft methods grafted walnut tree is carried out easily by freeze injury, it is impossible to the problem passed the winter.
Above-mentioned walnut engrafting method, specifically includes following steps：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The scion of 10～25cm length will be cut into as the walnut branch of scion, before scion grafting
Need to be immersed in water, be 2～4h in the soak time of the scion in water of ice cell storage, to directly from tree top cutting edge grafting
Soak time of the walnut branch in water is 0.5～1h.
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：Walnut stock is carried out between the height of 15cm～400cm crosscutting, tangent plane
For 0～5 ° of inclined-plane of gradient；(see Fig. 1)
(3), scion is cut：The bottom of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, on otch
The length of termination fringe is in 5～14cm, otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " sprig
1～the 3cm of length for being shorter in length than the scion of otch upper end of sub- shape；(see Fig. 2)
Preferably, scion lower end both sides are scabbled, to increase the contact surface between scion and walnut stock cortex.(see Fig. 3)
Preferably, the back side of 1～2cm of scion lower end is splayed to xylem, to increase between scion and walnut stock cortex
Contact surface.(see Fig. 4)
(4), grafting is carried out：Otch is cut in the skin zone on the top of above-mentioned walnut stock, first scion stock is directed at into
Grafting part marks the developed width of insertion grafting part, subsequently starts down to hurt 2～5cm along stock grafting punctuate, complete
Into cutting scalloping process；
Subsequently the xylem of stock is pried open with the gap of bast along otch, the xylem of graft stock is inserted in scion
On the gap of bast；(see Fig. 5)
If bleeding is more serious after grafting, there is ponding in wound, and 30～40 ° of inclined-planes cut at trunk from the ground 30～50cm
Hinder stock, scarfing width control system within 5mm, press based on graft stock diameter by scarfing size, diameter can control less than 10cm
System is within 5mm；Diameter control more than 10cm is in 0.5 to 2cm.(see Fig. 6)
(5), wrap up after grafting：With PVC the or PE films that thickness is 0.008～0.02mm, the grafting of insertion scion is connect
Mouth and scion carry out sealing wrapping, and stock grafting interface plastic sheeting wraps up 2～4 layers, and 1 layer of 0.008mm is wrapped up in upper end scion
Film.(see Fig. 7)
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment adopts the engrafting method of walnut, the method to comprise the steps：
Step one, grafting time are selected in 10 points of the morning (Beijing time) of a fine day of late March, environment temperature 15
℃；
Step 2, selection advanced age, a high position, low-producing walnut are used as walnut stock；
Step 3, selection high yield, 1 year raw branch of high-quality Walnut Cultivars is used as grafting scion, and 2 buds for retaining, will
Its bottom cuts into the nail-like of " Γ " type；
Step 4, described in step one walnut stock cut otch, scion described in above-mentioned steps three is plugged on into stock
Xylem and bast gap on, carry out grafting；
Step 5, sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface, carry out grafting management.
Grafting is comprised the following steps that：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The walnut branch as scion stored in ice cell is cut into into the scion of 12cm length, is connect
2h is soaked in water before fringe grafting；
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：A diameter of 20cm of above-mentioned walnut stock, by walnut stock 120cm's
Carry out between height it is crosscutting, tangent plane for 5 ° of gradient inclined-plane；
(3), scion is cut：The lower end of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, on otch
In 11～14cm, the length of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like is 9～11cm to the length of termination fringe；Subsequently by scion
Lower end both sides are scabbled, and the back side of 1～2cm of scion lower end is splayed to xylem,
(4), grafting is carried out：Above-mentioned 8 scion are chosen, the top skin zone of the both sides on above-mentioned walnut stock inclined-plane is cut
Corresponding 8 otch, the kerf width on the stock is defined or smaller by the diameter of scion, subsequently along otch by the wood of stock
Matter portion pries open with the gap of bast, scion is inserted respectively on the xylem of graft stock otch and the gap of bast.
(5), wrap up after grafting：The grafting interface and scion that insert scion are entered with the plastic sheeting that thickness is 0.008mm
Row sealing wrapping, stock grafting interface plastic sheeting wraps up 3 layers, and top scion wraps up 1 layer.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment adopts the engrafting method of walnut, the method to comprise the steps：
Step one, grafting time are selected in 12 points of the morning (Beijing time) of a fine day in April, 25 DEG C of environment temperature；
Step 2, selection advanced age, a high position, low-producing walnut are used as walnut stock；
Step 3, selection high yield, 1 year raw branch of high-quality Walnut Cultivars is used as grafting scion, and 3 buds for retaining, will
Its bottom cuts into the nail-like of " Γ " type；
Step 4, described in step one walnut stock cut otch, scion described in above-mentioned steps three is plugged on into stock
Xylem and bast gap on, carry out grafting；
Step 5, sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface, carry out grafting management.
Grafting is comprised the following steps that：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The walnut branch as scion stored in ice cell is cut into into the scion of 15cm length, is connect
3h is soaked in water before fringe grafting；
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：A diameter of 12cm of above-mentioned walnut stock, by walnut stock 80cm's
Chamfer between height, the gradient of tangent plane is 3 °；
(3), scion is cut：The lower end of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, on otch
In 8～10cm, the length of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like is 7～8cm to the length of termination fringe；Subsequently by under scion
End both sides are scabbled, and the back side of scion lower end 2cm is splayed to xylem,
(4), grafting is carried out：Above-mentioned 5 scion are chosen, the top skin zone of the both sides on above-mentioned walnut stock inclined-plane is cut
Corresponding 5 otch, otch is equally distributed, and the kerf width on the stock is defined or smaller by the diameter of scion, subsequently
The xylem of stock is pried open with the gap of bast along otch, scion is inserted respectively the xylem of graft stock otch with it is tough
On the gap of skin zone.
(5), wrap up after grafting：The grafting interface and scion that insert scion are carried out with the plastic sheeting that thickness is 0.01mm
Sealing wrapping, stock grafting interface plastic sheeting wraps up 4 layers, and top scion wraps up 1 layer.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment adopts the engrafting method of walnut, the method to comprise the steps：
Step one, grafting time are selected at 19 points in the afternoon (Beijing time) of a fine day in May, 20 DEG C of environment temperature；
Step 2, selection advanced age, a high position, low-producing walnut are used as walnut stock；
Step 3, selection high yield, 1 year raw branch of high-quality Walnut Cultivars is used as grafting scion, and 4 buds for retaining, will
Its bottom cuts into the nail-like of " Γ " type；
Step 4, described in step one walnut stock cut otch, scion described in above-mentioned steps three is plugged on into stock
Xylem and bast gap on, carry out grafting；
Step 5, sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface, carry out grafting management.
Grafting is comprised the following steps that：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The walnut branch of tree top sheared edge grafting is cut into as the walnut branch of scion
The scion of 18cm length, soaks in water 0.5h before scion grafting；
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：A diameter of 8cm of above-mentioned walnut stock, by walnut stock 50cm height
Truncation is carried out between degree.
(3), scion is cut：The lower end of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, on otch
In 5～8cm, the length of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like is 5～6cm to the length of termination fringe；Subsequently by under scion
End both sides are scabbled, and the back side of 1～2cm of scion lower end is splayed to xylem；
(4), grafting is carried out：Above-mentioned 2 scion are chosen, the incision of the top skin zone of above-mentioned walnut stock both sides is corresponding
2 otch, first by scion alignment stock grafting part mark go out to insert the developed width of grafting part, subsequently transfer along stock
Connect punctuate to start down to hurt 2～3cm, complete to cut scalloping process；Then along otch by the xylem and bast of stock
Gap pry open, scion is inserted respectively on the xylem of graft stock otch and the gap of bast；
(5), wrap up after grafting：The grafting interface and scion that insert scion are entered with the plastic sheeting that thickness is 0.015mm
Row sealing wrapping, stock grafting interface plastic sheeting wraps up 3 layers, and top scion wraps up 1 layer.
The budding method of the prior art walnut of comparative example 1
A kind of engrafting method that walnut bud connects, the method comprises the steps：
(1) 1～2 year raw walnut tree, is taken, the thick 1～2cm in footpath, high 30～60cm pour permeable in 3～5 days before grafting to stock
Once, with ensure rootstock seedling, scion growth moisture supply；
(2) high-survival rate, high storage rate, the walnut periphery of high yield, the lignifying of stalwartness of growing or half wood, are gathered
The good current-year branch of matter degree removes immediately compound leaf piece as scion, after adopting, retains 1～2cm petioles, after immersion 24h i.e.
Can grafting；
(3), the knife of cross cut one is distinguished up and down to xylem in scion bud with knife, then distinguish the knife of longitudinal cutting one in bud side, together
Cut a knife again on one side, skin is cut in extraction, then gently remove bud tablets (will be with shield bud meat), bud tablets 3～4cm of length, wide 2.5～3cm；Again
The sizable stock bark of piece is removed and buddered with same method at the position of stock grafting, and grafting bud is sticked rapidly；(see
Fig. 9)
(4), in addition to grafting bud exposes, bud tablets are all tied up from bottom to top with plastic sheeting and is sternly tightened, make bud tablets top tight
The transverse incision of patch stock box-shaped otch, align forming layer, during binding, is compressed with thumb and ensure at petiole bud tablets growing point and anvil
Wood coincide, and completes grafting.
Effect assessment
The budding method of walnut in prior art described in above-mentioned comparative example 1, is widely used in south China various places,
Due to carrying out grafting on branch so grafting part is more, the damage to setting is little, thus better economic benefit.But, on
The method for stating Studies of Walnut Bud Grafting has the shortcomings that a key is exactly cannot to adapt to a high position, advanced age, the reconfiguration of low yield walnut, and bud connects
It is reconfiguration object to generally require 1-2 life stock branches, need in advance cultivate similar 1-2 life stocks, excessive for diameter, is not had
Having on the stock of suitable sprig cannot use the method, add the reason that extreme low temperature occurs in the northern area winter such as Xinjiang of China
So that the annual shoot that bud grows after connecing is easily by the withered death of freeze injury, i.e., grafting storage rate and survival rate are low.
From the foregoing, budding method of the walnut engrafting method of present invention offer relative to walnut in prior art,
Can be good at adapting to Xinjiang of China area winter extreme low temperature frequently occurred, day and night temperature is big etc. gas with grafted walnut tree
Environment is waited, is difficult by freeze injury, the annual shoot grown after grafting can safely pass the winter, solve in prior art using the bud side of connecing
Method carries out grafting walnut after grafting and easily receives freeze injury, it is impossible to the problem passed the winter.
Walnut inserts the engrafting method of skin whip graft in the prior art of comparative example 2
A kind of walnut inserts the engrafting method of skin whip graft, and the method comprises the steps：
(1) advanced age, a high position, low-producing walnut, are chosen as walnut stock, in the sawed-off stock in the position of 1～2m, and
Saw kerf is scabbled, is then pruned by the way of from top to bottom Lao Pi, the position 5～7cm of length for pruning, wide 1cm at the smooth place of stock
Left and right so as to expose cortex；
(2), the walnut branch of high-survival rate, high storage rate, high yield is whittled into into the big of long 6～8cm as grafting scion
Bevel, and bevel behind cortex is pinched out with finger so as to woody part from,
(3), the xylem of above-mentioned steps (2) scion is inserted into stock bevel cortex, then interface is tightened with plastic strip, completed
The grafting of walnut.
Effect assessment
The engrafting method shortcoming that walnut inserts skin whip graft in prior art described in above-mentioned comparative example 2 be requirement scion and
Stock will from skin, walnut stock is larger with the grafting wound of scion and be difficult healing, meanwhile, because the knot of scion and stock
Mainly provided by plastic strip bondage with joint efforts, scion and stock are easier to rock or unclamp, with reference to not closely, so strong wind easily blows
It is disconnected.The walnut being relatively large in diameter plus grafting tangent plane is dead because so that bleeding easily runs up to wound, easily rotting without inclined-plane.
In addition, there is scion and stock cannot be closely close in the degree of the method wayward stock cortex cutting in grafting procedures
Phenomenon, even survives, also insecure.
From the foregoing, the walnut engrafting method that the present invention is provided inserts transferring for skin whip graft relative to walnut in prior art
The method of connecing has grafting otch little, and walnut exposure wound very little outside, the advantage that wound can quickly heal is solved existing
Have in technology and insert skin tongue grafting because walnut stock grafting wound is larger, easily rot and dead, while in grafting procedures not
, there is the problem that scion and stock cannot be closely close in stock cortex degree of cutting easy to control.
Additionally, the technical scheme is that the nail-like walnut graft by bottom for " Γ " type is plugged on walnut stock
Engrafting method on the gap of xylem and skin zone, makes scion and stock closely press close to and is difficult to rock or unclamps, and overcomes existing
The adhesion of engrafting method scion and stock that walnut inserts skin whip graft is mainly provided by plastic strip bondage in technology, scion and stock
Be easier to rock or unclamp, with reference to and untight technical problem.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other changes and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of engrafting method of walnut, it is characterised in that the engrafting method mainly comprises the steps：
Step one, preparation scion：The scion of 10～25cm length will be cut into as the walnut branch of scion, need to be clear before scion grafting
0.5～4h is soaked in water；
Step 2, preparation walnut stock：By walnut stock transversely cutting, tangent plane is the inclined-plane of 0～5 ° of gradient；
Step 3, cutting scion：The bottom of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, otch upper end
The length of scion is in 5～14cm, the length 1 for being shorter in length than the scion of otch upper end of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like
～3cm；
Step 4, carry out grafting：Otch is cut in the skin zone of the walnut stock described in step 2, kerf width is with scion diameter
It is defined or smaller, xylem and the bast gap of stock is subsequently pried open along otch, bottom described in step 3 is cut into
The scion of " Γ " type is plugged on otch, carries out grafting；
Wrap up after step 5, grafting：Sealing wrapping is carried out to grafting interface and scion.
2. engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bud number that grafting scion described in step one retains is
1～4.
3. engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that walnut stock described in step 2 be with 3 years with
The upper age of tree, walnut of the diameter in more than 5cm.
4. engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grafting described in step 4 is referred to as " nail method " and inserts
Connect.
5. engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the engrafting method is also including the grafting of walnut stock
Highly, the selection of grafting condition and grafting tool.
6. engrafting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the grafting height of the walnut stock be 15cm～
400cm。
7. engrafting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the grafting condition includes that environment temperature is 15～25
DEG C, and grafting is carried out at the beginning of annual late March～5 month.
8. engrafting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the grafting tool includes that grafting knife and plastics are thin
Film.
9. engrafting method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the grafting tool carries out in advance sterilization before grafting
Process.
10. the engrafting method of walnut according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the engrafting method specifically include as
Lower step：
(1), grafting scion is prepared：The scion of 10～25cm length will be cut into as the walnut branch of scion, in water before scion grafting
0.5～4h of middle immersion；
(2), grafting walnut stock is prepared：Walnut stock is carried out between the height of 15cm～400cm crosscutting, tangent plane is oblique
The inclined-plane of 0～5 ° of degree；
(3), scion is cut：The bottom of grafting scion described in step one is cut into into the nail-like of " Γ " type, is terminated on otch
The length of fringe in 5～14cm, the length 1 for being shorter in length than the scion of otch upper end of otch lower end scion bottom " Γ " type nail-like～
3cm；
(4), grafting is carried out：Otch, the otch on the stock cut in skin zone in the top of the walnut stock described in step (1)
Width is defined or smaller by the diameter of scion, subsequently pries open the xylem of stock with the gap of bast along otch, by scion
On the xylem of insertion graft stock and the gap of bast；
(5), wrap up after grafting：With PVC the or PE films that thickness is 0.008～0.02mm, by the grafting interface of insertion scion and
Scion carries out sealing wrapping.
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| CN113141895A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage |
| CN114532086A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-05-27 | 镇雄县七彩乌米核桃产业开发有限责任公司 | Walnut high-position grafting method |
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| CN113141895A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage |
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